Table of contents - Metrohm · PDF fileTable of contents 1 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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EcosystemsChapter 21Table of Contents
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Objectives
Identify the eight major biomes.
Compare tundra with taiga.
Compare the different kinds of forests.
Compare the different kinds of grasslands.
Describe the adaptations of desert organisms.
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Biome Large terrestrial ecosystems that contain
a number of smaller but related ecosystems.
Similar climate and inhabitants with similar adaptations.
Commonly identified by their dominant plant life.
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21The Major Biomes
The major types of terrestrial ecosystems, known as biomes, are: Tundra Tropical forest Temperate forest Taiga Temperate grassland Savanna Chaparral Desert
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Chapter 21Earth’s Major BiomesSection 1 Terrestrial Biomes
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Tundra
Tundra is a cold and largely treeless biome characterized by permafrost under the surface of the ground. Small plants (mosses, grasses) Caribou, musk oxen, snowy owls, arctic,
foxes, lemmings, and snowshoe hares. (Summer: birds, insects).
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Chapter 21TundraSection 1 Terrestrial Biomes
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Forests
Tropical Forests Tropical forests receive abundant rainfall
and have stable temperatures. They have a greater species richness than
any other biome. Tropical Rain Forests Tropical Dry Forests
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Competition for Light Canopy: continuous layer of tree tops
that shades the for forest floor. Epiphytes: small plants that live on tree
branches (mosses, orchids, bromeliads) Use other organisms for support but make
their own food.
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Species Richness Highest of all biomes- contain about ½ of
the worlds species! One hectar of tropical rain forest – 300
species of trees. Monkeys, snakes, lizards, birds, insects
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Chapter 21Tropical Rain ForestSection 1 Terrestrial Biomes
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Forests, continued
Temperate Forests Distinct seasons and moderate climate. Temperate forests have coniferous trees,
which bear seeds in cones, or deciduous trees, which shed their leaves each year.
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Forests, continued
Temperate Deciduous Forests The trees in temperate deciduous
forests shed all of their leaves in the fall. Deciduous trees have broad thin leaves with a
large surface area that permits maximum light absorption.
Birch, beech, maple, oak, hickory, sycamore, elm, willow, and cottonwood.
Bears, wolves, white-tailed deer, foxes, raccoons, squirrels.
Timber used for construction.
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Chapter 21Temperate Deciduous Forest
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Forests, continued
Taiga (boreal forest) Taiga is cold but is warmer than tundra
and receives more precipitation. Taiga is dominated by coniferous forests.
Needle shape of leaves reduces water loss. Moose, bear, wolves, lynxes, hares.
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Chapter 21TaigaSection 1 Terrestrial Biomes
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Grasslands
Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands occur in areas
with cold winters and hot summers. They are dominated by grasses and herds
of grazing animals. (Bison)
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Grasslands, continued
Savanna Savannas are tropical grasslands with
alternating wet and dry seasons. Scattered deciduous trees and shrubs. They are dominated by herds of grazing
animals. (herbivores: zebras, wildebeests, giraffes, gazelles, carnivores: lions, leopards, cheetahs)
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Chapter 21SavannaSection 1 Terrestrial Biomes
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Grasslands, continued
Chaparral Chaparral is found in coastal regions with
warm, dry summers and mild winters. It is dominated by dense, spiny shrubs.
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Chapter 21GrasslandSection 1 Terrestrial Biomes
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Section 1 Terrestrial BiomesChapter 21Deserts
Deserts receive less than 25 cm (9.9 in.) of precipitation per year.
Desert inhabitants have adaptations for conserving water. Plants
leaves with waxy coating Few stomata (openings in leaves) and open at night Expandable body and needles for protection.
Animals that hide in the shade or burrow one active only at night.
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Chapter 21DesertSection 1 Terrestrial Biomes