TABLE OF CONTENTSS.No. ContentsPage No.Chapter 11LUBRICATION AND LUBRICANTS11.1 Lubrication11.1.1. The lubrication regimes11.1.2. Hydrodynamic lubrication31.1.3. Boundary lubrication51.2. Base stock71.3. Lubricants81.3.1. General Classification of the Lubricating Oils91.3.1.1. Paraffinic Components101.3.1.2. Naphthenic Components101.3.1.3. Aromatic components101.3.1.4. Non Hydrocarbon Components101.3.2. Main Properties of Lubricating Oils121.3.2.1. Physical Properties of Lubricating Oil121.3.2.2. Chemical Properties of Lubricating Oils141.3.3. Required Performance Characteristics for Lubricating Oils171.3.4. Types of Lubricants201.3.4.1. Gaseous Lubricants201.3.4.2. Liquid Lubricants201.3.4.3. Solid Lubricants221.3.5. Lubricant Impurities and Contaminants23

Chapter 226LUBRICANT SELECTION: BEARING, GEAR DRIVES AND HYDRAULICS262.1 Introduction262.2 Parsing the machine262.3 Plain bearing lubricant selection27Chapter 331THE FUNCTIONS OF LUBRICATION313.1 Introduction313.2 Base Oil Viscosity323.3 Viscosity323.4 Lubrication Regimes323.5 How Do Lubricants Work in Bearings?- 33 -3.6 Effects of Particle Contamination:353.7 Determining Lubricant Viscosity363.8 Generalizations363.9 Viscosity Minimums37Chapter 438EXPERIMENTAL ASSESMENT OF VARIOUS LUBRICANTS SELECTION384.1 Basic Lubrication Principles384.2 Friction384.3 The Mechanism of Lubrication404.4 Choice of Lubricant Types434.5 Guidelines for Lubricant Selection44

Chapter 546EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS465.1 Viscosity-Temperature Chart465.2 Grease Relubrication475.3 Relubrication Intervals475.4 Grease Relubrication Amount485.5 Grease Replenishment Recommendations495.6 Useful Life of Oil505.7 Cleanliness Control51Chapter 652CONCLUSION52REFERENCES54

LIST OF FIGURESFigure NamePage No.Figure 1.1 Three positions of a shaft in a bearing2Figure 1.2 Plain Journal bearing2Figure 1.3 Stribeck curve3Figure 1.4 Mixed-film lubrication3Figure 1.5 Hydrodynamic lubrication5Figure 1.6 Boundary lubrication6Figure 1.7 Schematic View of Crude Oil Distillation7Figure 1.8 Chemical Structure of Lubricating oil12Figure 2.1 Viscosity estimation chart based on actual speed and unit loads29Figure 2.2 Calculations for plain bearing surface speed and unit load29Figure 3.1 Lubricants function31Figure 3.2 Viscosity32Figure 3.3 Boundary layer and Hydrodynamic lubrication33Figure 3.4 Rolling element bearings33Figure 3.5 The Incredible Performance of a Lubricant34Figure 3.6 The lubricant film between rolling elements and bearing raceway34Figure 3.7 Effects of particle contamination35Figure 3.8 Pitch Diameter vs Viscosity Curve36Figure 3.9 Viscosity minimums37Figure 4.1 Contact of Two Solid Surfaces39Figure 4.2 Lubrication of a bearing40Figure 4.3 Stribeck Curve41Figure 5.1 Viscosity-Temperature Chart46Figure 5.2 Grease Relubrication Chart47Figure 5.3 Life of oil change50

LIST OF TABLESTable NamePage No.Table 1.1 Function and qualities required for engine oils.18Table 1.2 Plain Bearing ISO viscosity grade selection21Table 2.1 Viscosity selection chart for medium load applications (150200 psi)28Table 2.2 Generally accepted minimum and optimum viscosity grades28Table 4.1 Main lubricant types and their properties43

ABSTRACTGreater demands are being placed on lubricant performance because of general industry trends toward more intricate part shapes with related tooling complexity and the incorporation of abrasive additives in mixes. To illustrate the significance of these performance demands, it is necessary to identify the role lubricants play in mixing and the P/M part manufacturing process. This work examines the effects of lubricants on material flow, apparent density, compaction, ejection characteristics and sintered properties. The findings identify key performance elements, which provide a model for developing an improved P/M lubricant. A performance comparison with a commercial lubricant highlights the advantages of a composite lubricant that was evaluated.

Lubricant selection is of critical importance for the performance of a ball bearing. It affects Life, Torque, Speed, Noise, Grease migration, Outgassing, Temperature effects and rust prevention. In most cases NMB supplies ball bearings as a complete unit, pre-lubricated with grease. It is not normal to re-lubricate ball bearings as they are "sealed for life". The two basic types of lubricants available are oil and grease. Applications that require extremely low torque or narrow range of torque variation, are suited to use oil as a lubricant. Depending on the application, it is possible that an oil lubricant may not meet a specific requirement. Please contact to NMB for the proper oil selection. Greases are comprised of base oil and a thickener. The life obtained from greases is considerably greater than that of just oil. This is because of a continuous mechanism of lubrication by base oil separation coming from the construction of the thickener.We have researched in our project about Experimental assessment of various lubricants arrives at selection of ideal lubricant for different conditions in which the factors of consideration are Temperature, Viscosity, Load, Power Consumption, and Operation Period.In our assessment we take differential motor 3-Phase, Sensors to study temperature, viscosity, load and RPM of coil with selection of Hydraulic-68, Gear Oil-80 and Gear oil-90. We measured all these with the help of time-efficiency, time-pressure, time-temperature and pressure-efficiency Curves.