Table of CONTENTS 4G 8-10-14 New 2

8/11/2019 Table of CONTENTS 4G 8-10-14 New 2

1/22

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. REVIEWING 4G

2.1Enterprise benefits of 4G2.2Beyond the current situation2.3Strategizing 4G world2.4Challenges and issues in the 4G system2.5Implementing 4G

2.6Existing models of 4G

3. 4G MARKET IN INDIA

3.1 Positioning Statement

3.2 First mover in Indian market - Airtel

3.3 Capacity Gains

4. 4G REQUIREMENT AND SPECIFICATIONS

4.1Location and mobility4.2Relaying

5. MARKET CONTEXT

6. USAGE BY GOVERNMENT

6.1Organization and military usage

7. Limitation of 4G Server and technology

8. Comparing 2G /3G/4G/8.1installation8.2Rent8.3Technology8.4Location8.5Bandwidth8.6The 4G standard4G imposters8.7Carrier marketing8.8When can we use true 4G?8.93G/4G Security

9. USER BEHAVIOUR, AND EXPERIANS


2/22

9.1Market Uncertainties

9.2Changes In Buyer Knowledge Required

9.3 Changes Occure In Buyer Behaviour

10.MARKETING MACROENVIRONMENT10.1 Demographic Trends

11.MARKETING TASK ENVIRONMENT11.1 Competitors

11.2 Channels

11.3 Suppliers

12.CUSTOMER12.1 Customers Purchase Decision Process

12.2 Customers Purchase Decision Process Continued

13.MARKET RESEARCH13.1 Secondary Market Research

13.2 Primary Research

14.MARKETING MIX COMPARISON14.1 Total Product / Service

14.2 Product Continued

14.3 Pricing

14.4 Distribution

14.5 Advertising And Communication

14.6 Advertising / Communications Continued

14.7 Sales Force

15.4GMILESTONES

16.4G BUSINESS PLAN AND CASE STUDIES

11.1 Business Model

17.DEMAND ASSESSMENT1. Methodology2. Load Survey Results by Area

``PART -2

PROGRESS OF RELEASE YEAR 99, RELEASE YEAR 2005-5,

RELEASE 2006-6, RELEASE 2007-7 AND RELEASE 2008- 8:

EVOLVED EDGE, UMTS/EVOLVED HSPA (HSPA+) AND

LTE/EPC


3/22

1.1PROGRESS TIMELINE

3. PLANS FOR RELEASE 2009 AND RELEASE 2010: EVOLVED

HSPA (HSPA+) AND LTE/LTE ADVANCED

4. THE GROWING DEMANDS FOR WIRELESS DATAAPPLICATIONS

4.1 WIRELESS DATA TRENDS AND FORECASTS4.2 WIRELESS DATA REVENUE4.3 MOBILE BROADB AND DEVICES4.4 MOBILE BROADB AND APPLICATIONS4.5 SMALL CELL GROWTH4.6 SPECTRUM INITIATIVES4.7 SUMMARY

5. STATUS AND HIGHLIGHTS OF RELEASE 8 ANDRELEASE 9: EVOLVED HSPA (HSPA+) AND LTE/EPC

5.1 VOLTE

6. STATUS OF IMT ADVANCED AND LTE ADVANCED

6.1 SPECIFYING IMT ADVANCED THE ITU-R ROLE6 2 THE 3GPP ROLE

7. STATUS OF RELEASE 10: HSPA+ ENHANCEMENTS ANDLTE- ADVANCED.

7.1 LTE ADVANCED FEATURES AND TECHNOLOGIES

7.1.1 Support of Wider Bandwidth

7.1.2 Uplink Transmission Enhancements7.1.3 Downlink Transmission Enhancements7.1.4 Relaying7.1.5 Heterogeneous Network Support7.1.6 MBMS Enhancements7.1.7 SON Enhancements7.1.8 Vocoder Rate Adaptation

7.2 HSPA+ENHANCEMENTS FOR RELEASE 10

7.2.1Four Carrier HSDPA Operation7.2.2Additional band combinations L for DB-DC-HSDPA

7.3 RELEASE INDEPENDENT FEATURES


4/22

7.4.1 Band Combinations for LTE CA

8. PLANNING FOR RELEASE AND BEYOND

8.1 TARGET TIMELINE FOR RELEASE8.2 LTE- ADVANCED ENHANCEMENTS

8.2.1 Coordinated multiple point transmission and reception

8.2.2 Carrier aggregation

8.3 POTENTIAL AREAS OF FUTURE STANDARDIZATION

9. CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX A: TARGET REQUIREMENTS FOR IMT ADVANCED

APPENDIX B: LTE ADVANCED AND SELF EVALUATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES


5/22

1. INTRODUCTION

Mobile broadband use continues to grow. According to industry analyst firm

Infonetics, cellular mobile broadband subscribers are forecast to grow at a 104 per

cent compound annual growth rate from 2007 to 2011. Businesses and individuals areputting mobile broadband technologies to work and realizing the productivity and

convenience benefits of always-available broadband access.

While people still primarily use their mobile devices for voice, texting and e-mail, the

emergence of applications such as audio and video download and streaming, virtual

collaboration and Web 2.0 applications will continue to increase demand for faster

and more responsive mobile broadband. Enter fourth-generation (4G) technology.

The second generation (2G) of wireless mobile communication systems was a huge

success story because of its revolutionary technology and the services that it brought

to its users. Besides high-quality speech service, global mobility was a strong and

convincing reason for users to buy 2G terminals. The third generation (3G) has been

launched in several parts of the world, but the success story of 2G is hard to repeat.

One reason for this assertion is that the evolution from 2G towards 3G has brought

only few novel additional services, which leave the business model largely unchanged

and may not be enough to encourage the customers to change their equipment.

Following the paradigm of generational changes, it was originally expected that the

fourth generation (4G) would follow sequentially after 3G and emerge between 2010and 2015 as an ultra-high-speed broadband wireless network. There is clearly a need

for a methodological change in the design of 4G.

In this paper we propose a new user-centric methodology that considers users as the

cornerstone in the design of 4G and identifies their functional needs and

expectations, reflecting and illustrating them in everyday life situations. This

approach consequently contributes to the identification of the real technical step-up of

4G with respect to 3G and thus to a less prophetic and more pragmatic definition of

the forthcoming technology.

BW4GRadios More received power

100 ?

10 Super 3G ?1

Broadcast Equicost/EquipowerHSDPA systems line

BT100

WLAN UMTS10

GSM SatelliteCoverage/mobility

Wide area

Range/Coverage/Mobility - Bandwidth relationship


6/22

INTRODUCTION TO 4G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

4G

This chapter highlights the meaning of the term 4G as used within this project by defining

the key technologies which form the 4G group which are the subject of this project. In

particular it includes a description of the main activities involved in defining 4G technologies

within the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) under the IMT-Advanced banner,

the work of the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) towards LTE-Advanced and the

work of IEEE in defining the standards for IEEE 802.16m, best known as WiMAX. It also

collates the targets and claims for spectral efficiency associated with those technologies

under various conditions.

There is a great buzz in the world of wireless communications. Everyone is

talking about 4G. What exactly is 4G, and how will it impact us?

4G is just the short acronym for Fourth Generation technology for mobile

communications. 4G is the next generation technology that will be used by cellular

phone companies and internet service providers to deliver superior quality video and

data apart from voice. Interestingly, the 3G (third generation) technology is not yet

operational in most countries. Many like India for example are using the 2.5 G

technologies for mobile or cell phones.

4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of

networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as

computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other

convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Megabits/s and 1 Gigabits/s,

respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end quality of service

and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost

and one billing.

WIRELESS SYSTEM EVOLUTION

First generation: Almost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems

where voice was considered to be the main traffic. These systems could often belistened to by third parties. Some of the standards are NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD,

Mobitex and DataTac.

Second generation: All the standards belonging to this generation are commercial

centric and they are digital in form. Around 60% of the current market is dominated

by European standards. The second generation standards are GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS,

IS-95, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, and WiDEN.

Third generation: To meet the growing demands in the number of subscribers

(increase in network capacity), rates required for high speed data transfer and

multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. The systems in this standard

are basically a linear enhancement of 2G systems.


7/22

They are based on two parallel backbone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit

switched nodes, and one of packet oriented nodes. The ITU defines a specific set of

air interface technologies as third generation, as part of the IMT-2000 initiative.

Currently, transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems. As a part of this transition,

lots of technologies are being standardized. From 2G to 3G: 2.75G - EDGE andEGPRS, 3G - CDMA 2000,W-CDMA or UMTS (3GSM), FOMA, 1xEV-DO/IS-856,

TD-SCDMA, GAN/UMA. Similarly from 3G to 4G: 3.5G - HSDPA, HSUPA,

Super3G - HSOPA/LTE.

Fourth generation: According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the

terminals of 4G will have almost all the standards from 2G to 4G implemented. Even

though the legacy systems are in place to be adopted in 4G for the existing legacy

users, going forward the infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP.

Also, some proposals suggest having an open platform where the new innovations and

evolutions can fit. The technologies which are being called as 4G though not

officially are as follows: WiMax, WiBro, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 U

ltra Mobile Broadband.

TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF 4G

Table 1. Short History of Mobile Telephone Technologies

Technology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G

Design Began 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000

Implementation 1984 1991 1999 2002 2010

Service Analog

voice,

synchronous

Digital

voice,

Short

Higher

capacity,

Packetized

Higher

capacity,

Broadband

Higher

Capacity,

completely


8/22

Data to 9.6

Kbps

messages data data Up to 2

Mbps

IP Oriented,

Multimedia,

data to

100Mbps

Standards AMPS,

TACS,

NMT etc.

TDMA,

CDMA,

GSM,

PDC

GPRS,

EDGE,

1xRTT

WCDMA,

CDMA2000

Single

standard

Data

Bandwidth

1.9 kbps 14.4

kbps

384 kbps 2 Mbps 200 Mbps

Multiplexing FDMA TDMA,

CDMA

TDMA,

CDMA

CDMA CDMA

Core Network PSTN PSTN PSTN,

Packet

network

Packet

Network

Internet

The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are

projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to

provide a wide variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definitionvideo to high-data-rate wireless channels.

The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless

access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms


9/22

used to describe 4G is MAGICMobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global

mobility support, integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service. As a

promise for the future, 4G systems, that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems

have been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The 4G

systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but also willsupport the fixed wireless networks. This paper presents an overall vision of the 4G

features, framework, and integration of mobile communication. The features of 4G

systems might be summarized with one word integration. The 4G systems are about

seamlessly integrating terminals, networks, and applications to satisfy increasing user

demands. The continuous expansion of mobile communication and wireless networks

shows evidence of exceptional growth in the areas of mobile subscriber, wireless

network access, mobile services, and applications.

LEGEND:

1xRTT = 2.5G CDMA data service up to 384 kbps GSM = global system for

mobile

AMPS = advanced mobile phone service NMT = Nordic mobile

telephone

CDMA = code division multiple access PDC = personal digital cellular

EDGE = enhanced data for global evolution PSTN = public switched

telephone

FDMA = frequency division multiple access TACS = total accesscommunications

GPRS = general packet radio system TDMA = time division multiple

access

WCDMA = wideband CDMA

4G MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS:

This new generation of wireless is intended to complement and replace the 3Gsystems, perhaps in 5 to 10 years. Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a

seamless connection to a wide range of information and services, and receiving a

large volume of information, data, pictures, video, and so on, are the keys of the 4G

infrastructures. The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various networks

using IP (Internet protocol) as a common protocol so that users are in control because

they will be able to choose every application and environment. Based on the

developing trends of mobile communication, 4G will have broader bandwidth, higher

data rate, and smoother and quicker handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless

service across a multitude of wireless systems and networks. The key concept isintegrating the 4G capabilities with all of the existing mobile technologies through

advanced technologies.


10/22

Key Features of 4G

User Friendliness and User Personalization

User friendliness exemplifies and minimizes the interaction between applications and

users thanks to a well-designed transparency that allows the users and the terminals tonaturally interact (e.g., the integration of new speech interfaces is a great step for

achieving this goal). For instance, in Scenario A, users can get traveling information

in the most user-friendly way: text, audio, or video format. User personalization refers

to the way users can configure the operational mode of their device and reselect the

content of the services chosen according to their preferences. Since every new

technology is designed keeping in mind the principal aim to have a strongly impact on

peoples lifestyles, the new concepts introduced by 4G are based on the assumption

that each user wants to be considered as a distinct. Therefore, in order to embrace a

large spectrum of customers, user personalization must be provided with high

granularity, so that the huge amount of information is filtered according to the users

choices.

The first step in analyzing cellular wireless security is to identify the securityobjectives. These are the goals that the security policy and correspondingtechnology should achieve. To ensure that information generated by or relating to auser is adequately protected against misuse or misappropriation. Ensure that thesecurity features are compatible with world-wide availability. Also ensure that thesecurity features are adequately standardized to ensure world-wide interoperabilityand roaming between different providers. To ensurethat the level of protectionafforded to users and providers of services is considered to be better than that

provided in contemporary fixed and mobile networks. The implementation of security

features and mechanisms can be extended and enhanced as required by newthreats and services. In 4g networks, security measures must be establishedsuch that they enable data transmission to be as safe and secure as possible. Thenature of the 4 g network, gives an increased likelihood of security attacks dueto vast facilities. Hence, multiple levels of security, including authentication, will

be necessary to protect the data that gets transmitted across the network. Wirelesssystems face a number of security challenges, one of which comes from interference.As more wireless devices begin to use the same section of electromagneticspectrum, the possibility of interference increases. This can result in a loss of signalfor users. Moreover, an abuser can intentionally mount a denial-of-service attack(lowering availability) by jamming the frequencies used. Sos of 4g of the features of4g

This is illustrated in scenario B, where users can receive targeted pop-upadvertisements. The combination between user personalization and user friendliness

provides users with easy management of the overall features of their devices and

maximum exploitation of all the possible applications, thus conferring the right value

to their expense. Receive targeted pop-up advertisements. The combination between

user personalization and user friendliness provides users with easy management of the

overall features of their devices and maximum exploitation of all the possible

applications, thus conferring the right value to their expense

4G has not yet reached in industry and standard. Illustration of a 4G service

architecture from Agora Co. Always-Best-Connected service on heterogeneousnetwork is hoped to achieve. In order to provide Always-Best-Connected service in

the future, a universal consensus on features of 4G is achieved. In the understanding,

main important characteristics and features are [Fu04][Hui03] [Zheng05a]:


11/22

All-IP Based network architecture

Higher bandwidth (than 3G)

Heterogeneous Network (3G/UMTS, Wireless LAN, DVB-T, etc.)

QoS, Security, .

Full integration of hot spot and cellular

Support for multimedia applications

4G standard is defining in the countries such as Japan, China, Korea, Europe.

Main leading institute of standard defining consists of IMT-Advanced, 3GPP ,

3GPP2. For providing 4G service, new technologies and architectures are still on

developing at different programs such as NTT DoCoMo, Nokia, Motorola, etc.

H igh usabil ity and global r oaming:

The end user terminals should be compatible with any technology, at anytime,

anywhere in the world. The basic idea is that the user should be able to take hismobile to any place, for example, from a place that uses CDMA to another place

that employs GSM. Multimedia support: The user should be able to receive high

data rate multimedia services. This demands higher bandwidth and higher data rate.

Personalization: This means that any type of person should be able to access the

service. The service providers should be able to provide customized services to

different type of users.

4G Issues and Advantages:

Access Handoff Location co-ordination

Resource co-ordination to add new user

Support for quality of Service.

Wireless Securities & Authentication. Network failure & backup. Pricing and billing.


12/22

4G

Heterogeneous Network

Heterogeneous terminals



13/22

4G

Six Grand Challenges" in Wireless Systems

six research challenges have to be adequately met. These challenges are based on the work in

I. Scalability and affordability - creating a wireless communication in-frastructure foraffordable, mass-market services

II. Seamlessness and transparency - providing services independently of systemtechnology

III. Mastering complexity of interaction - providing high quality services on the edge of

technology and artefacts that are easy to use for everyone

IV. Zero-configuration and reliability through massive redundancy and networkrobustness - lowering entry thresholds for new actors in the wire-less system market

by low cost, simple-to-deploy, and low-maintenance systems and networking

components

V. Regulative environment - lowering regulatory entry barriers for new actors tostimulate the innovation process

VI. Policies and business models - economic feasibility of new technolo-gies and

architecturesSix Grand Challenges" in Wireless Systems

To make a scenario as outlined above possible we believe that the following six research

challenges have to be adequately met. These challenges are based on the work in :

I. Scalability and affordability - Creating a wireless communication infrastructure

for affordable, mass-market services

As the cost of providing advanced wireless devices continues to decrease, designing cost

effective infrastructure solutions capable of providing affordable wireless broadband access

(almost) everywhere is one of the key success factors for future wireless systems. This

research challenge includes devising novel radio technologies, new system architectural

concepts, and new and cost-efficient ways to provide attractive services to end-users.II. Seamlessness and Transparency - Providing services independently

of system technology

One of the success factors of IP networks is the end-to-end principle, which separates

services and applications from bit transport. The same service can 8 RADIO DESIGN IN

NANOMETER TECHNOLOGIES be provided on a variety of devices (using higher level

protocols) without any change in the infrastructure. A key challenge is to preserve such

architecture in order to enable easy and dynamic composition of disparate networks amid an

ever-increasing heterogeneity of technologies and infrastructures. An additional difficulty is

to provide access and services across networks operated by different business actors from

various sectors, such as telecommunications, automotive, transportation, medical, industrial

control systems etc.


14/22

4G

III. Mastering complexity of interaction - Providing high quality services

on the edge of technology and artefacts that are easy to use for everyone

A great challenge is how to provide an easy to use, natural, stable, and convenient interface to

the user in each situation, in spite of the great complexity of the underlying system. This

involves personalized human interfaces, understanding a complex interplay of behaviors, as

well as adaptivity and context Future wireless devices and infrastructure components have tobe deployed and maintained by owners or users without specific skills and special training.

This means that the devices need to be adaptive and self-configuring, sensing their physical

and logical environment. The key challenge is to exploit massive redundancy and adaptivity

to build secure, robust and highly reliable networks and systems from large number of

consumer grade devices.sensitivity of services and applications.

IV. Zero-configuration and reliability through massive redundancy and network

robustness - Lowering entry thresholds for new actors in the wireless system market by

low cost, simple-to-deploy, and low-maintenance systems and networking components

V. Regulative environment - Lowering regulatory entry barriers for new

actors to stimulate the innovation processThe continuous process of international allocation of frequency bands has normally a delivery

time of more than ten years. Poor utilization of the frequency spectrum as well as high entry

barriers for new products developed by e.g. SMEs may have a detrimental effect on the

innovation system. Research must include exploration of new radio technologies and

regulatory regimes that allow for a more dynamic frequency sharing. A key research

challenge is non-cooperative inter-networking and radio resource management.

VI. Policies and Business models - Economic feasibility of new technologies

and architectures

To ensure commercial viability we must identify the business roles and interfaces as well as

deployment concepts. New business scenarios have to be developed. These must allow

different size and types of players to compete and cooperate, thus enabling new business

models based on established trust relationships. The choice of technologies and system

architectures heavily depends on these business and policy models

Challenges in Radio Design - Flexible or Software Defined Radios

What are the consequence of the scenario with respect the work on radio design which is the

key topic of this book? We can identify two key properties of terminals operating in the

scenario described above:

Multi-mode Capability

Future terminals need to be capable of switching between several air-interfaces literally on

the fly. This can be done either by integrating separate hardware for each access mode in the

terminal or by using programmable hardware, that potentially could reuse the same hardwareand have the various access modes defined in software (Software Defined Radios). The latter

would have the interesting property that the terminals could be reconfigured during operation

(after they left the factory). It is however questionable, if this property is really useful since

the expected life cycle time in terminals is short compared to the deployment rate of new

infrastructure (and thus the appearance of new air-interface standards). Terminals are more

likely to be tailored to user needs and specific application and than disposed of, rather than

recommissioned for some other purpose. Agood example is the laptop PC: the vast majority

of users use pre-installed applications and never install new software on their own.

Reprogramming is limited to maintenance and updates of existing software, which

very rarely goes to the hardware level. A more reasonable approach for SDR use is therefore

to use Firmware Defined Radios" were programming radios is more a matter of efficientproduction of terminals rather than a tool for onthe- fly" flexibility. Furthermore true


15/22

4G

flexibility (future proofness") requires significant performance margins for which we pay in

power consumption.

Spectrum AgilityThe Multimode terminals will need to operate over large frequency ranges in order to

facilitate a more dynamic spectrum management. The focus is here on wide frequency ranges

rather then reconfigurability and programmability. In this respect the radios do not need to besoftware defined nor in it self cognitive". The latter term is currently frequently used to

describe a radio a frequency agile radio system in combination with adaptive scheme for

frequency management. Also a cognitive" radio system does not need to be software

defined.

Conclusions

In this chapter we have briefly outlined some important trends in wireless systems and how

these are driven by strong economic factors. The proposed heterogeneous network scenario

with many co-existing standards, each tailored to its specific niche, is a direct consequence of

these factors. We have 10RADIO DESIGN IN NANOMETER TECHNOLOGIES

demonstrated that in future systems more functionality and flexibility will be required in the

terminals, since large scale wireless infrastructures inherently cannot adapt quickly to newdemands and services. Finally at the physical level, we identified two key requirements on

future radios - multimode capabilities and spectrum agilities.

4G Security Investigation Results

This section describes the current research results of 4G. Due to the standards of 4G are

on defining, we investigate the current research results from papers. By the survey, some the

features and issues of 4G can be illustrated, and are helpful to our future studies.

Security Issues on 4G

Basically, 4G/B3G hope to provide a communication environment with seamless

connection service consists of integrating heterogeneous network, All-IP, multimedia

applications, and so on. Toward 4G and beyond 3G, there exist many security issues to be

resolved [Hui03][Fu04][Celentano06][ODrama04][Dell'Uomo02] [McEvoy05] [Zheng05]

[Prasad05]. As follows, we list some important security issues on 4G/B3G. Some of these

issues have been investigating and getting some results as an important reference.

QoS and Security [Fu04][ODrama04] [Dell'Uomo02] [Hui03] -.

Seamless integrated Mobility, QoS and Security

-. Delay across different networks for QoS -.Privacy

AAA for 4G [McEvoy05][Zheng05] [Dell'Uomo02] -.


Mobile IPv6 with inherent problems of IP [Celentano06]

[Dell'Uomo02]

Security and Handover [Celentano06] [Prasad05] [Dell'Uomo02]


16/22

4G

The Research Results of 4G Security

As 4G has not yet reached in industry and standard, many researches on security issues

on 4G as described in section 3.1 have been doing progressively. Several research resultshave proposed from prior papers. In this section, we introduce several results about these

security issues, specially issues resulted from heterogeneous network.

Authentication protocol of PKBP

When the ME roams to the area belong HA5 outside from HA, An PKBP authentication

communications are performed by upper layer CA. The PKBP scheme achieved :

(a). Authentication on heterogeneous networks (b),

Against the man-in-the-middle attack

(c ).Mutual authentication

(d). Anonymity and Non-repudiation

(e). Security of key agreement

The Trusted Computing-Based Security Architecture linked up PKBP scheme is

applicable for 4G. It is convenient to globe mobility and flexible scalability. It will be a

feasible solution for 4G with heterogeneous network.

Mobilizing Data for Profit

Deep packet inspection is the silver bullet for increasing average revenueper mobile user.According

to a report recently published by Gartner, smartphone sales in 2011 were up 58 per cent from 2010

With iPad and tablet sales predicted for similar growth,the result is a seemingly insatiable demand

for data-centricapplications lead by video that is putting incredible stress on mobile networks. The

more powerful the device, the more data is downloaded. While accessing data using smartphones

easily outnumbers data access using laptops (via dongles), the laptops consume significantly more

data by volume than smaller mobile devices. There has been an explosion of mobile data traffic and

the stress on the mobile network will continue to grow unless operators step in. The initial growth of

mobile broadband data drove service providers to focus on traffic and congestion management.

Policy Servers are the key means to apply more rational policies when networks became congested,

usually by dividing customers into tiers with different data volume limits, and devising policies forwhat happens when limits were breached. This approach has become widely known as fair use

management and applications such as bill shock are being added to ensure users understand what

and how much they were being charged for - but it is simply not enough to just use fair use

management and the bill shock application. The end user and the network both need more concrete

measures in place to protect against an over congestion of the networks and to ensure that end

users are not paying extortionate data rates. While bandwidth management and control of the pipe

are absolutely necessary, building a bigger, faster dumb pipealone wont keep the Network

Service Providers (NSPs) in business. The fact is, Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) for data traffic is

not increasing at the same rate as the demand for service - this cannot remain the same for very

much longer. NSPs must find ways to add services, enhance Quality of Experience (QoE), and provide

flexible, dynamic, up-sell options to monetize the data pipe. Deep Packet Inspection(DPI) technology


17/22

4G

is the key to make this change happen. Value Added Service (VAS) applications are being developed

that will use DPI technology to improve the user experience. Operators will be able to move away

from the all you can eatdata plans towards more flexible services and sophisticated pricing

plans, which will benefit the operator and the user.

When it comes to cellular site Installation and development, the cellular tower company of

choice is 4G Server & Technology Limited.Installation Process

the New Registration for mobile tower process on Residential & Agriculture Property according to

Department of Telecom Ministry of Telecommunication (Government of India). 4G Server &

Technology has authorized with all telecom companies such as Uninor, Airtel 4G, Aircel, Virgin, Idea

and newest 4G Technology Services provider. The applicant has to fill an online application and with

fees of Rs. 6900/- in authorized Manager Account. All the Application shall be verified company Legal

Department and then forwarded to Processing Team. Applicant has to furnish there Scan copy of

Property Paper, One ID & Address proof and one passport photograph to Company mail id. The site

Survey is very confidential matter as per rule Section 13, Telecom Ministry and survey shall be done

in 2 working days. If Property is not suitable in satellite survey we will refund back the applicant fee

without any deduction.We represent a combined experience of over 15 years of wireless site

acquisition, cell site leasing and development experience. We have been developing cellular sites

since the inception of wireless industry.Directors of 4G Server & Technology have leased and

developed rooftop wireless sites, cell towers, water tower cell sites and countless concealed cellular

sites in Chandigarh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Maharasthra, Andra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Delhi, Punjab, Bihar and Gujarat. As thought leaders in the

wireless development industry, our Principals have been quoted in the major media, namely The

Times of India, Business Line and Dainik Jagran, The Journal News, The Star Ledger and other local

publications. We've helped create municipal wireless ordinances that other municipalities haveadopted or modeled their ordinances upon. We have represented and represent towns and cities for


18/22

4G

wireless development and deployed and developed entire wireless infrastructure networks and build

programs for various cellular carriers. 4G Server & Technology has also intervened on behalf of

countless cell site landlords preventing them from being taken advantage of by unscrupulous and

shameless "lease optimization" and "lease re-negotiation" wireless consulting firms. We have a

100% success rate in dealing with these companies. 4G Server & Technology Principals have served

as wireless industry expert witnesses in numerous lawsuits involving cell tower site selection,

valuation and assessment. We have conducted hundreds of 4G Server & Technology Limited

wireless feasibility audits often assessing the work of another cellular tower company or as required

by our client.In one particular case our expert testimony resulted in a victorious outcome for a

Fortune 100 client who successfully defended a multimillion lawsuit from a former wireless services

vendor.

Rent

Are you currently negotiating cell tower lease rates with a wireless carrier? What are the average

cell tower lease rates in your state? Its such a broad question since there are hundreds of

metropolitan areas across the India and no two regions are alike and rental rates will vary from

county to county and by wireless carrier. Rooftop antenna leases and ground leases for monopoles

or towers are generally the same. However, where you may only be able to get a single rooftop

carrier in many instances, on a cell tower you may get up to four co-locating mobile phone

companies. Cell tower lease rates are heavily influenced by supply and demand. Cellular carriers

generally lose money on the more rural cell towers that dont get a lot of traffic. Even their cell

towers located in densely populated metropolitan areas lose money for the first several years in mot

cases. To illustrate how cell site lease rates can vary in the same metropolitan area, we will show a

sampling of cell site lease rates by the same major wireless carrier on four separate cellular antenna

sites leased in 2012:

780,000 yearly / 65,000 monthly




Each of these four cell tower sites are located within a 45 minute drive of each other. The cellular

tower lease rates can be attributed simply to supply and demand. The most expensive site is in the

toughest location from a zoning perspective and the cell site where the rental price is the lowest is in

a more rural setting on the outskirts of the metropolitan area Yearly Increases Matter.However, it is

important to note that in each of these three real examples, we were able to negotiate 5% yearly

increases for our clients and not 4% yearly increases or 15% every three years. The terms that you

agree to are just as important as the rental rate you negotiate.For example, lets compare the

difference in cellular site lease rates and revenue of a carrier lease agreed to at a rate of 30,000 per

month at 5% yearly increases vs. a rate of 30,000 at 5% yearly increases.

30,000 per month with 5% yearly rental increases = 360,000 in antenna rental income at the end of

the 10-year term.


19/22

4G

30,000/ year @ 5% yearly = 540,000 in rental income at end of the 21 -year term, a difference of

180,000.

A wireless carrier will pay a real estate site acquisition installer anywhere from a few hundred to a

few thousand rupees extra in bonus money for getting a lease executed at 1% or 2% yearly increases

and for a lower monthly rental amount. Some wireless carriers also hire lease re-negotiation

contractors to attempt to re-engineer the terms of your lease a few years after you have a tower

built on your property. Even a small reduction in monthly rental or change in terms can add up

significantly for the carriers and take a lot of money out of your pocket.

Demand for 4G Mobile Services

Although 3G networks have been deployed for some eight years, demand for mobile

broadband services is

still at a relatively early stage. Demand accelerated significantly onlyin 2007, following the introduction of

low-priced internet connectivity based on 3G dongles.

Smartphones have stimulated further demand,

notably starting with the advent of the

iPhone 3G in June 2008. This resulted in a complete change of the profile of demand in

terms of volume per user, mobility and the principal locations in which services are used.

Given this early market stage, forecasting 4G demand over the timescales of relevance to this

project is highly unlikely to be successful. Instead, we examine the main attributes of mobile

broadband demand which are significant when considering the network capacity required

to serve it. In particular, the attributes examined are:

the devices which generate the demand;

the services and applications which users access via their devices;

the data volumes and data rates which users generate and require access to in orderto support the relevant applications;

the locations and mobility associated with the demand;

the service quality which users require in order to support the services they demand.

These factors are examined via (recent) historical data and via forecasts from various sources.

Since such

forecasts typically extend for only five years, in lieu of an overall forecast we

highlight the factors which may influence the demand which 4G networks will have to serve.

We focus our attention on Global.

Devices

The type of mobile broadband deviceemployed plays a strong role in determining the form of

demand

placed on the mobile network. Devices have proliferated over the last few years,

and the device type in turn

impacts strongly on the applications which can be run, the

volume of data generated and the nature of the quality of experience which is required to

satisfy the user. shows how the device type impacts on the nature of the demand which

various device classes place on the network. It is clear that MBB demand is strongly

variegated amongst devices.

Cisco forecaststhat 91% of all mobile data traffic will be from smartphones and portable

computers by

2014, due to the higher usage profile of laptops/netbooks and the suitability of

smartphones for high- quality video. Thus smartphone take-up is an important predictor of


20/22

4G

mobile data growththat the proportion is expected to stabilise in the next five years and that

UK is some way from being the leading market, with 32% in 2014 compared with, say, 67% in

Italy.Smartphones create as much traffic as 10

basic featurephones ( 30 times for

iPhones), while a laptop can generate as much as 1300 times such a feature phoneTheincrease in interest in tablet devices with larger form factors such as the Apple iPad seems set

to continue this trend

Growth of mobile phone subscribers in India

The aim of this paper is to forecast the growth of mobile phone subscribers in India.

Based on the data of mobile phone subscribers from the year 1996-97 to 2007-08,a short term forecast is made up to the year 2015-16. Under assumed saturation

level, the logistic and Gompertz distribution function are used for forecasting thegrowth of mobile phone subscribers in India. It is observed that, the coefficient of

determination is high and mean square error is low in case of logisticdistribution. This distribution forecasts the growth of mobile phone subscriber to 98

per 100 people in India by the year 2015-16. This study will be useful forplanners, policy makers and researchers in the area of the telecommunicationssector for realistic view of the subject and for planning appropriate strategy

accordingly.

In case of many suppliers reaching the same wholesale market, it would make thefarmers and fishermen to sell their produce at throw-away prices; sometimes evenbelow their cost. However, in another nearby wholesale market, which would only be acouple of hundred kilometers away, there could a short supply and the prices could besoaring. With the advent of mobile phones, and its cheap availability;

Year Total Population* Subscribers Subscriber#

1996-97 949878000 339031 0.04

1997-98 965607000 882316 0.09

1998-99 981324000 1199578 0.12

1999-00 996944000 1884311 0.19

2000-01 1028610000 3577095 0.35

2001-02 1045547000 6431520 0.62

2002-03 1062388000 12687637 1.19

2003-04 1079117000 33311561 3.092004-05 1095722000 56888928 5.19

2005-06 1112186000 101809676 9.15

2006-07 1128521000 165093655 14.63

2007-08 1144734000 261081713 22.81Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

* Estimated by Registrar General of India based on 1991 and 2001 census.

# Mobile phone subscriber per 100 persons


21/22

4G

Mobile market in India

In 1995, the first mobile telephone service started operating in metro cities of India, after the

telecom sector was opened up by the Government for private investment, as a part of Liberalization-

Privatization-Globalization policy. A year later, the services spread towards rest of the geographical

areas of India. During the initial five to six years, the average growth of mobile phone subscribers

was very tardy; probably due to the high price of mobile phone equipment and air time charges of

the service providers. After the New Telecom Policy in 1999, the mobile phone industry introduced

several consumer friendly initiatives. Since then the mobile subscriber additions started picking up

and crossed the fixed-line connections in September 2004. Till January 2009, India had 267.54

million mobile phone subscribers (Cellular Operator Association of India, 2007). In India, the mobile

phone service operators use the GSM (global system for mobile communications) and CDMA (code-

division multiple access) technologies. About 75 per cent of the mobile phone users under GSM

technology with 900 MHz band but, recently, the providers operate in the 1800 MHz band, as well

(TRAI Annual Report, 2006-07). At present, the dominant players in India are Airtel, Reliance

Infocomm, Vodafone, Idea cellular, AirCell, Tata Telecom and BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited) /

MTNL (Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited). There are also many smaller players, operating in only

a few states.

The growth of mobile phone subscribers in India has increased tremendously over the last few years

(Table 1). From year 1996-97 to 2007-08, the number of mobile phone subscribers increased from

0.34 million to 26.11

shows the graph of mobile phone subscribers per 100 persons with respect to the year from 1996-97

to 2007-08. It is observed that the actual growth of the curve is initially slow up to 2005-06 and then

it increases rapidly. Therefore, these data seem to fit well in S shaped curve of Gompertz and the

logistic model for forecasting the mobile phone subscribers. Finally, using this trend the forecasting

model will be developed for India.


22/22

4G

India 4G and Cellular Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2010-2015

Table of CONTENTS 4G 8-10-14 New 2

Documents

Transcript of Table of CONTENTS 4G 8-10-14 New 2