Population in Immigration toVirginia Colony Virginia Colony

104 (April 1607) 104 (April 1607)38 ( Jan. 1608)

120 ( Jan. 1608, 1st supply)130 (Sept. 1608)

70 (Sept. 1608, 2nd supply)200 (late Sept. 1608)100 (spring 1609)

300 (Fall 1609, 3rd supply)540 (1610)

450 (April 1611)660 (1611)

682 (Jan. 1612)350 (Jan. 1613)

45 (1613–1616)351 (1616)600 (Dec. 1618)

900 (1618–1620)887 (Mar. 1620)

1051 (1620–1621)843 (Mar. 1621)

1580 (1621–1622)1240 (Mar. 1622)

1935 (1622–1623)1241 (April 1623)

1646 (1623–1624)1275 (Feb. 1624)1210 (1625)

9000 (1625–1634)4914 (1634)

6000 (1635–1640)8100 (1640) total: 23,951

Although about 24,000 men and women immigrated to Virginia between 1607 and 1640, in1640 the population stood at only 8,100. Most of the inhabitants fell victim to disease,although the Indian uprising of 1622 took 347 lives.Source: Data from Earle, Geographical Inquiry and American Historical Problems (1992)and Bernhard,“Men,Women, and Children at Jamestown: Population and Gender in EarlyVirginia, 1607–1610,” Journal of Southern History, LVIII (1992).

English Population of Virginia,1607–1640

TABLE 3-1

0

0 25 Kilometers

25 Miles

York R.

James R.

Rappahannock R.

Potomac R.

CH

ES

AP

EA

KE

BA

Y

ATLANTICOCEAN

Kecoughtan andPoint Comfort

Jamestown

Rochedaleand

BermudaHundred

Coxendale

HenricoCurles

Shirley Hundred

WEYANOCK

PAMUNKEY

CHISKIAK

CUTTATOWOMEN

MORAUGHTACUNDWICOCOMOCO

CHICACOANRAPPAHANNOCKMATTAPONI

CHICKAHOMINY

NANTAUGHTACUND ONAWMANIENT

ACCOHANNOCK

ACCOMAC

NANSEMOND

APPOMATTOC

English settlement, 1613

English settlement, 1622

English settlement, 1646

English settlement, 1652

Powhatan settlement

English settlement

Locations attacked, 1622

ACCOMAC

Jamestown

3-1 English Encroachments on Indian Land, 1613–1652

Settled area

Scattered settlements

Town

Settlement taken from the Dutch, 1664

Trading post

Indian settlement

Indian reservation

T

T

NEW YORK(1664)

NEW JERSEY(1664)

MARYLAND(1632)VIRGINIA

(1607)

CAROLINA(1663)

DELAWARE

PENNSYLVANIA

Raritans

Towns

B L U E R I D G E M O U N T A I N S

A P P A L A C H I A N M O U N T A I N S

Susquehanna R.

Delaware R.

Patomac R.

York R.

J ames R.

Nottaway R .

Roanoke

R.

CapeLookout

CurrituckSound

Albemarle Sound

P a m l i c o S o u n d

CHES

APEA

KEBAY

DELAWAREBAY

A T L A N T I C O C E A N

Haverstraw

Hackensack

Aquehonga

Navesinck

Wiechquaesgeck

Minisink

Peapack

RamenesingWickatunk

Crossweeksung

Pequest

Ciconicon

Choptanks

Nanticokes

OccahanockGinkaskin

Wicomicos

ChristianNansemond

PochicNansemond

Yeopin

Potoskeet

Chowanoke

Appamatuck

Rockahock

Patuxent/MattaponiMatawoman

Patawomeke

Portobacco

DoegMattaponi

Chicahominy

Pamun

keys

Nanjemoy Piscataway

Pamunkey

PortobackMatchotic

Nanzatico

Nacutchtank

MoniesManokins

Aquintica

Goshen

CochitonLackawaxen

Maspeth

Susquehannock

Canarsee

MassapequaRockaway

Nayack

Aquackannack

WicomocosPocomokes/Assateagues

Wicomoco/Chicacoan/Cuttatawdmen

Maghagemack

Manhattan

Wilmington

St. Marys

Jamestown1607

Batt’sTradingPost

Newark

Potomac

LENAPE/DELAWARE

MANNAHOAC

NOTTAWAY

TUSCARORA

WEYANOCK(migrating)

M U N S E E

MANACAN

MEHERIN

T

T

T

Penobscot R.

1630–75

1630–75

MAINE(part of

Massachusetts)NEW HAMPSHIRE

(part of Massachusetts)

VERMONT

RHODEISLAND(1636)

MASSACHUSETTS(1629)

NEW YORK(1664)

CONNECTICUT(1636)

LakeChamplainA P P A L A C H I A N M O U N T A I N S

ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS

Kenne

bec R

.

Merrim

ack

R.

Connecticut R.

Housatonic R.

Hudson

R.

Mohawk R.

A T L A N T I C O C E A N

G U L F O F M A I N E

St. Lawrence R.

Ossipee

WinooskiMissiquoi

Winnepesaukee

Coos

Skitchewaug Pennacook

Amoskeag

Wamesit

Natick

Wampanoag

Pequods

Quinnipiac

PaugussettNochpeen

Kitchtawanck

Poosepatuck

Golden HillPaugussett

Pootatuck

Wappinger

Mohawk

CatskilEsopus

Esopus

Schaghticoke

Machentucket

Montauk

Corchaug

PantigoShinnecock

Sacomet

MARTHA’SVINYARD

BLOCKISLAND

LONGISLAND

NANTUCKET

Cape Cod

Nipmuks

Squakheag

Nashaway

PemaquidWells

Boston

Newport

East Hampton

New Haven

KingstonAlbany

Fort Nassau

Schenectady

SpringfieldNorthampton

Plymouth1620

Providence

Portsmouth

Exeter

Salem

E A S T E R NA B E N A K I

I R O Q U O I S

W E S T E R NA B E N A K I

3-2 The English Colonies, 1660

Rowley, 1639-c. 1642

Acres No. of Grants

over 400351–400301–350251–300201–250 1151–200 1101–15051–100 721–50 2220 or less 63

no record 1Total 95

Between 1639 and 1642, the town of Rowley, Massachusetts, distributeda little over 2,000 acres to 95 families—an average of just 23 acres perfamily, even though the grant to the town was for many thousand acres.Although most grants were for under 20 acres, some families receivedconsiderably more.The founders of Rowley wanted to recreate thehierarchical social order they had known in England.Source: David Grayson Allen, In English Ways:The Movement of Societies and theTransferal of English Local Law and Custom to Massachusetts Bay in the SeventeenthCentury (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), p. 32.

Distribution of Land in Rowley,Massachusetts, 1639–1642

TABLE 3-2

100

Est

imat

ed P

erce

ntag

e o

f Fo

rest

Are

a

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

01620 1700

Years1790 1820 1850 1865

MaineVermontNew HampshireMassachusettsRhode IslandConnecticut

3-1 Disappearance of New England’s Forests

0 100 Miles50

0 100 Kilometers50

A T L A N T I C

O C E A NLONG ISLAND

Portland

York

Exeter

GloucesterSalem

Weymouth

Provincetown

BarnstableProvidence

Portsmouth

NewportMystic

Springfield

Albany

WindsorHartford

New Haven

Stratford

East HamptonStamford

SandwichPlymouth

Edgartown

Boston

MOHAWKS

MAHICANS

NIPMUKS

WESTERN

MOHEGANSPEQUOTS

MONTAUKS

NIANTICS

EASTERN

NIANTICS

NAR

RAGA

NSE

TTS

WAMPANOAGS

MASSACHUSETTS

PENNACOOKS

PENOBSCOT

ABENAKI

LakeChamplain

MooseheadLake

Peno

bsco

t R.

Kenn

ebec

R.

Merrim

acR.

Conn

ectic

utR.

Hud

son

R.

Cape Cod Bay

MARTHA’SVINYARD

NANTUCKET

AP P

A L AC H

I AN

MO U N

TA I NS

WH

I TE

MO

UN

TAI N

S

GR

EE

NM

OU

NT

AI N

S

MassachusettsColonies

Plymouth

Rhode Island

Connecticut

New Haven

New Netherland

3-3 New England in the 1640s