Table 11-1. Chapter 11 Outline (Kerbo, p. 343)

• Defining Race and Ethnicity

• Racial and Ethnic Inequality

• A History of Race and Ethnicity

• Global Immigration: Comparative Views

• Theories of Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Table 11-2. Black/White and Latino/White Household Income (Percent), 1972-2005 (Kerbo, p. 347)

Year Black/White Latino/White

1972 57.5% 74.4%

1975 59.5% 71.3%

1980 56.6% 71.7%

1985 58.1% 68.6%

1990 58.4% 69.8%

1995 60.2% 61.1%

2000 66.3% 72.8%

2003 62.0% 69.0%

2005 61% 71%

Figure 11-1. Median Household Income by Race

Figure 11-2. Median Household Income (in Thousands of 2007 U.S. Dollars) by Race of Householder

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007

black

latino

white

asian

Source: Table H-5. Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder--Households by Median and Mean Income: 1967 to 2000 (census.gov)

Figure 11-3. Median Household Income (in Thousands of 2007 U.S. Dollars) by Race of Householder

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

black

latino

white

asian

Source: Table H-5. Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder--Households by Median and Mean Income: 1967 to 2000 (census.gov)

Figure 11-4. Racial and Gender Gaps (Compared to White Men) in Mean Income, 1974-2004

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

1974 1984 1994 2004

Black F

Black M

White F

Source: Hogan and Perrucci 2006 (census.gov, 2005)

Table 11-3. Unemployment Rates for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos, 1980-2006 (Kerbo, p. 349)

Year Whites Blacks Latinos

1980 6.3% 14.3% 10.1%

1985 6.2% 15.1% 10.5%

1990 4.8% 11.4% 8.2%

1995 4.9% 10.4% 9.3%

1998 3.9% 8.9% 7.2%

1999 3.7% 8.0% 6.4%

2000 3.5% 7.6% 5.7%

2001 4.2% 8.6% 6.6%

2002 5.1% 10.2% 7.5%

2004 5.0% 10.1% 7.0%

2006 4.1% 9.2% 5.6%

Table 11-4. Occupational Distribution for Blacks and Latinos, 1983-2002 (Kerbo, p. 332)

Percent Black Percent Latino

1983 2002 2005 1983 2002 2005

Prof/Mgr 5.6% 8% 8.1% 2.6% 5.8% 6.4%.

Tech/Sales 7.6% 10.8% 11.2% 4.3% 9.8% 11.1%

Service 16.6% 17.6% 15.8% 6.8% 18.1% 19.2%

Craft 6.8% 7.4% 7.1% 6.2% 17.1% 23.1%

Labor 14% 15.1% 14.1% 8.3% 19.6% 19.2%

Figure 11-5. Median Household Income by Race

Table 11-5. White, Black and Latino Percent High School Graduates, 1960-2005 (Kerbo, p. 355)

Year Whites Blacks Latinos

1960 43.2% 20.1% -

1970 54.5% 31.4% 32.1%

1980 68.8% 51.4% 44.0%

1990 79.1% 66.2% 50.8%

2000 84.9% 78.5% 57.0%

2005 85.7% 81.1% 58.5%

Figure 11-6. White, Black, and Latino Percent College Graduates, 1960-2005 (Kerbo, p. 355)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Latinos 4.5 7.6 9.2 10.6 12

Blacks 3.1 4.4 8.4 11.3 16.5 17.6

Whites 8.1 11.3 17.1 22 26.1 28

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005

Figure 11-7. Percent White, Black, and Latino Persons Aged 25-29 By Educational Attainment in 2003 (Kerbo, p. 357)

0102030405060708090

100

<HS HS someColl

BA+

White

Black

Latino

Figure 11-8. Income for White, Black, and Latino Persons By Educational Attainment in 2004 (Kerbo, p. 359)

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

White $19,3 $28,6 $51,5 $67,4 $116, $95,2

Black $17,9 $23,4 $42,2 $57,1 $101, $82,6

Latino $19,0 $25,9 $45,2 $57,5 $94,1

<HS HS BA MA Pro PhD

Figure 2-10. Median U.S. Household Net Worth by Race, 1991 and 2004 (from Kerbo, p. 34) and Percent of White Wealth for Black Households

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

White $44,408 118,300

Black $4,604 $11,800 10% 10%

1991 2004 % of W 1991 %of W 2004

Figure 2-11. Median Income and Net Worth for White Families and Other Families in 2001(From The Wealth Inequality Reader, p. 14)

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

White $45,200 $120,900

Other $25,700 $17,900 57% 15%

Income Net Worth%White Income

% White Net Worth

Table 11-6. Percent of Population Foreign Born by Country, 1997 (Kerbo, Sixth Edition, p. 353; compiled from CIA report)

Country Foreign Born (Percent)

Canada 17.4%

United States 9.3%

Sweden 6.0%

Netherlands 9.2%

Japan 1.2%

Britain 3.6%

France 6.3%

Switzerland 19.0%

Australia 21.2%

Germany 9.0%

Figure 11-9. Foreign Born in U.S. By Region of Origin

Figure 11-10. Foreign Born Population in the U.S., 1960-2003 (in Millions)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1960 1970 1980 1990 2003

Foreign

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Table 3. Foreign –Born Population: 1960 to 1990; Current Population Survey, 2003, Annual Social and Economic Supplement

Table 10-7.Wright’s Class Categories by Race and Sex (Kerbo, p. 338)

Class White Males White Females Black Males Black Females

Capitalist 3.0% 0.7% 0% 0%

Small employer 8.2% 4.9% 0% 1.3%

Petit Bourgeois 6.4% 8.8% 3.6% 0%

Tot Self Empl 17.6% 14.4% 3.6% 1.3%

Expert Mgrs 8.5% 2.8% 5.1% 0%

Skilled Mgrs 5.7% 2.4% 2.0% 0%

Unskilled Mgrs 2.3% 3.9% 1.0% 6.3%

Expert Super 4.2% 1.7% 1.3% 1.7%

Skilled Super 7.9% 4.3% 7.5% 2.0%

Unskilled Supr 5.0% 9.3% 4.6% 7.7%

Experts 3.2% 3.5% 2.9% 1.8%

Skilled Worker 17.4% 7.7% 23.3% 10.9%

Unskilled Wkr 28.2% 50.0% 47.7% 68.4%