Soil and plant nutrition Soil sampling optimization using ...
Table 1 Soil chemical property of each sampling site at sampling time.
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Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on the Community Structure of AMF Infected in Soybean Roots Katsunori Isobe*, Kohei Maruyama, Nao Yoshikawa and Ryuichi Ishii College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino Fujisawa-City, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan Table 1 Soil chemical property of each sampling site at sampling time. Samplin g site Plot s pH (H 2 O) EC (mS/cm) Total-P 2 O 5 (g/kg) Bray -P Ⅱ 2 O 5 (g/kg) PSR BAE HRT P0 P1 P2 P0 P1 P2 P0 P1 P2 5.47 a 5.37 a 5.27 a 5.77 a 5.57 a 5.27 a 6.37 a 6.00 a 6.00 a 0.08 b 0.48 a 0.54 a 0.10 b 0.84 a 0.76 a 0.16 b 0.75 a 0.88 a 6.66 a 6.41 a 6.56 a 13.37 a 14.46 a 13.36 a 5.04 a 6.03 a 5.93 a 0.88 c 2.20 b 3.94 a 0.45 b 1.47 a 1.57 a 0.48 c 0.96 b 1.49 a Table 3 AMF phylotype colonized in P0 and P2 plots of soybean root. Phyloty pe PSR BAE HRT P0 P2 P0 P2 P0 P2 Glo1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Gig1 2 3 4 Scu1 Aca1 Div1 Pra1 Un- known ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Total No. 17 16 11 8 8 7 Fig. 2 Dendrogram of AMF colonized in soybean root. Fig. 2-8. Bray-Curtisbased m ultidim ensionalscaling (M DS)analysisem phasizing changes in the pattern ofA M fungalcom m unity com position isolated from rootsofsoybean based on O TU s. Each pointrepresentsan A M fungalrootcom m unity atsitesand treatments, with com m unitiesofsim ilar com position being located closetogether. H RT P0 H RT P2 PSR P2 PSR P0 BAE P2 BAE P0 Dim ension 1 Dimension2 Fig. 2-8. Bray-Curtisbased m ultidim ensionalscaling (M DS)analysisem phasizing changes in the pattern ofA M fungalcom m unity com position isolated from rootsofsoybean based on O TU s. Each pointrepresentsan A M fungalrootcom m unity atsitesand treatments, with com m unitiesofsim ilar com position being located closetogether. H RT P0 H RT P2 PSR P2 PSR P0 BAE P2 BAE P0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 H RT P0 H RT P2 PSR P2 PSR P0 BAE P2 BAE P0 Dim ension 1 Dimension2 Fig. 3 MDS (Multi-dimensional scaling) analysis of AMF community colonizing in soybean roots of P0 and P2 Plots . PSR HRT BAE Sampling site Plots Top dry weight (g/plant) Top P 2 O 5 Content (g/kg) PSR P0 P1 P2 29.8 b 34.3 a 33.9 a 7.37 a 6.57 a 6.63 a BAE P0 P1 P2 30.7 a 31.0 a 31.5 a 7.61 a 7.61 a 7.34 a HRT P0 P1 P2 33.9 b 36.7 ab 42.2 a 7.18 b 7.58 ab 8.01 a Table 2 Effects of superphosphate on the growth of soybean. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 PSR BAE HRT P0 P1 P2 AMF colonization rate (%) Fig.1 Effects of superphosphate on AMF colonization rate of soybean roots. a a a a b b a ab b Phosphate (P) is one of most important nutrient for crop growth. Therefore, the application of the P fertilizers is necessary to the crop production. And, it is simultaneously bring to change of soil env ironment condition and soil microorganism ecology. In generally, hyphal growth and colonization of arb uscular myccorhizal (AM) fungi were decreased by the application of P phosphate. But, it is not cleare d that P phosphate application or the increase of soil P content was affected to the AM fungal communi ty structure or not (Alkan et al. 2006, Santos et al.2006.). Then, we investigate the effects of P fer tilizer (superphosphate) level on community structure of AM fungi in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In three fields (two fields (PSR and BAE field) were in Nihon University (Fujisawa city, Japan), and one (HRT field) was the farmers field of Hiratsuka city, Japan) applicated at three superphosphate lev els (P0-plot (0g P 2 O 5 m -2 ), P1-plot (10g P 2 O 5 m -2 ) and P2-plot (20g P 2 O 5 m -2 ). Soybean roots were sampled in August 2007. The soybean growth stage of this time was flowering stage(R2). We examined the AM fungal colonization rate by a grid crossing-point method , growth of soybean and the composition of AM fungi phylotype in soybean roots by the method of Gollotte et al. (2004). And we analyzed the resemblance of colonized AM fungi phylotype in P0 plot and P2 plot by MDS (Multi dimensional scaling) analyze. The available phosphate content in field soils was generally increased and AM fungal colonization rat e decreased with increasing application of superphosphate level (Table 1, 2, Fig.1). Available phospha te content of the PSR field was higher than that of other two fields. In this field, decreasing rate o f AM fungal colonization by the application of superphosphate was smaller than other two fields (Fig. 1). The composition of AM fungi phylotype colonized in soybean roots slightly changed, when superphosp hate was applicated in the fields (Fig.2, Table 3). For example, the number of colonized AM fungi phyl otype was from 8 to 17 in P0 plot, and in P2 plot, the number of that were from 7 to 16 (Table 3). Mor eover, by the MDS analysis, the resemblance of colonized AM fungi phylotype did not change constantly, ＊ E-mail address [email protected] References Alkan, N. et al. 2006. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 72:4192-4199. Gollotte, A. et al. 2004. Mycorrhiza 14:111-117. Santos, J.C. et al. 2006. New Phytol. 172:159-168.
description
AMF colonization rate (%). Fig.1 Effects of superphosphate on AMF colonization rate of soybean roots. a. a. a. a. b. BAE. b. HRT. a. PSR. ab. b. Fig. 3 MDS (Multi-dimensional scaling) analysis of AMF community colonizing in soybean roots of P0 and P2 Plots. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Table 1 Soil chemical property of each sampling site at sampling time.
Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on the Community Structure of AMF Infected in Soybean Roots
Katsunori Isobe*, Kohei Maruyama, Nao Yoshikawa and Ryuichi Ishii
College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino Fujisawa-City, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
Table 1 Soil chemical property of each sampling site at sampling time.
Sampling site
Plots pH(H2O)
EC(mS/cm)
Total-P2O5
(g/kg)Bray -PⅡ 2O5
(g/kg)
PSR
BAE
HRT
P0
P1
P2
P0
P1
P2
P0
P1
P2
5.47 a
5.37 a
5.27 a
5.77 a
5.57 a
5.27 a
6.37 a
6.00 a
6.00 a
0.08 b
0.48 a
0.54 a
0.10 b
0.84 a
0.76 a
0.16 b
0.75 a
0.88 a
6.66 a
6.41 a
6.56 a
13.37 a
14.46 a
13.36 a
5.04 a
6.03 a
5.93 a
0.88 c
2.20 b
3.94 a
0.45 b
1.47 a
1.57 a
0.48 c
0.96 b
1.49 a
Table 3 AMF phylotype colonized in P0 and P2 plots of soybean root.
PhylotypePSR BAE HRT
P0 P2 P0 P2 P0 P2
Glo123456789
1011
Gig1234
Scu1
Aca1Div1Pra1
Un-known
●●●●●●●●●
●
●●●●●
●
●
●●●●
●●●
●
●●●●●
●●
●●
●
●
●●●●
●●
●
●
●●
●●●
●
●
●●
●●●
●
●
●
●
●●●
●
●
●
Total No. 17 16 11 8 8 7
Fig. 2 Dendrogram of AMF colonized in soybean root.
Fig. 2-8. Bray-Curtis based multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis emphasizing changes in the pattern of AM fungal community composition isolated from roots of soybean based on OTUs. Each point represents an AM fungal root community at sites and treatments, with communities of similar composition being located close together.
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
HRT P0
HRT P2
PSR P2
PSR P0
BAE P2
BAE P0
Dimension 1
Dim
ensi
on 2
Fig. 2-8. Bray-Curtis based multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis emphasizing changes in the pattern of AM fungal community composition isolated from roots of soybean based on OTUs. Each point represents an AM fungal root community at sites and treatments, with communities of similar composition being located close together.
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
HRT P0
HRT P2
PSR P2
PSR P0
BAE P2
BAE P0
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
HRT P0
HRT P2
PSR P2
PSR P0
BAE P2
BAE P0
Dimension 1
Dim
ensi
on 2
Fig. 3 MDS (Multi-dimensional scaling) analysis of AMF community colonizing in soybean roots of P0 and P2 Plots .
PSR
HRTBAE
Sampling site
Plots Top dry weight
(g/plant)
Top P2O5 Content
(g/kg)
PSR P0
P1
P2
29.8 b
34.3 a
33.9 a
7.37 a
6.57 a
6.63 a
BAE P0
P1
P2
30.7 a
31.0 a
31.5 a
7.61 a
7.61 a
7.34 a
HRT P0
P1
P2
33.9 b
36.7 ab
42.2 a
7.18 b
7.58 ab
8.01 a
Table 2 Effects of superphosphate on the growth of soybean.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
PSR BAE HRT
P0 P1 P2
AM
F c
olo
niz
atio
n r
ate
(%)
Fig.1 Effects of superphosphate on AMF colonization rate of soybean roots.
a aa a
bb
aab
b
Phosphate (P) is one of most important nutrient for crop growth. Therefore, the application of the P fertilizers is necessary to the crop produ
ction. And, it is simultaneously bring to change of soil environment condition and soil microorganism ecology. In generally, hyphal growth an
d colonization of arbuscular myccorhizal (AM) fungi were decreased by the application of P phosphate. But, it is not cleared that P phosphat
e application or the increase of soil P content was affected to the AM fungal community structure or not (Alkan et al. 2006, Santos et al.200
6.). Then, we investigate the effects of P fertilizer (superphosphate) level on community structure of AM fungi in the soybean
(Glycine max (L.) Merr.).
In three fields (two fields (PSR and BAE field) were in Nihon University (Fujisawa city, Japan), and one (HRT field) was the farmers field of
Hiratsuka city, Japan) applicated at three superphosphate levels (P0-plot (0g P2O5 m-2), P1-plot (10g P2O5 m-2) and P2-plot (20g P2O5 m-2). S
oybean roots were sampled in August 2007. The soybean growth stage of this time was flowering stage(R2). We examined the AM fungal c
olonization rate by a grid crossing-point method , growth of soybean and the composition of AM fungi phylotype in soybean roots by the met
hod of Gollotte et al. (2004). And we analyzed the resemblance of colonized AM fungi phylotype in P0 plot and P2 plot by MDS (Multi
dimensional scaling) analyze.
The available phosphate content in field soils was generally increased and AM fungal colonization rate decreased with increasing applicati
on of superphosphate level (Table 1, 2, Fig.1). Available phosphate content of the PSR field was higher than that of other two fields. In this f
ield, decreasing rate of AM fungal colonization by the application of superphosphate was smaller than other two fields (Fig.1). The composit
ion of AM fungi phylotype colonized in soybean roots slightly changed, when superphosphate was applicated in the fields (Fig.2, Table 3). F
or example, the number of colonized AM fungi phylotype was from 8 to 17 in P0 plot, and in P2 plot, the number of that were from 7 to 16 (T
able 3). Moreover, by the MDS analysis, the resemblance of colonized AM fungi phylotype did not change constantly, even if superphospha
te was applicated in the fields (Fig.3). From the results above, we suggest that application of superphosphate causes the decreasing of colo
nization rate of AM fungi, but, dose not affect the colonized AM fungal community in soybean roots.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Community structure, Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Superphosphate.
＊ E-mail address [email protected]
References Alkan, N. et al. 2006. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 72:4192-4199. Gollotte, A. et al. 2004. Mycorrhiza 14:111-117. Santos, J.C. et al. 2006. New Phytol. 172:159-168.
