Table 1 Per Capita Income...Rank State Per Capita Income Rank State Average Annual Change, 1991-2001...

Table 1 Per Capita Income

Rank State Per Capita Income Rank StateAverage Annual

Change, 1991-2001

1 Connecticut $42,435 1 Massachusetts 5.1%2 District of Columbia $40,150 2 Colorado 5.1%3 Massachusetts $38,907 3 Minnesota 4.9%4 New Jersey $38,509 4 New Hampshire 4.8%5 New York $36,019 5 North Dakota 4.8%

6 Maryland $35,188 6 Connecticut 4.7%7 New Hampshire $34,138 7 Mississippi 4.7%8 Colorado $33,470 8 Texas 4.7%9 Minnesota $33,101 9 Georgia 4.7%10 Illinois $33,023 10 South Dakota 4.7%

11 California $32,702 11 Vermont 4.6%12 Delaware $32,472 12 Wisconsin 4.6%13 Virginia $32,431 13 Wyoming 4.6%14 Washington $32,025 14 Illinois 4.5%15 Alaska $30,936 15 Utah 4.5%

16 Pennsylvania $30,720 16 Tennessee 4.5%17 Rhode Island $30,215 17 North Carolina 4.5%18 Nevada $29,897 18 Nebraska 4.4%19 Michigan $29,788 19 Michigan 4.4%20 Wyoming $29,416 20 Indiana 4.4%

21 Wisconsin $29,270 21 Virginia 4.4%22 Hawaii $29,002 22 Kentucky 4.4%23 Florida $28,947 23 New Jersey 4.4%24 Nebraska $28,886 24 Washington 4.4%25 Ohio $28,816 25 Iowa 4.4%

26 Georgia $28,733 26 Louisiana 4.3%27 Vermont $28,594 27 Missouri 4.3%28 Texas $28,581 28 Idaho 4.3%29 Kansas $28,565 29 South Carolina 4.3%30 Missouri $28,226 30 Kansas 4.3%

31 Oregon $28,165 31 Maine 4.2%32 Indiana $27,783 32 New York 4.2%33 North Carolina $27,514 33 Arkansas 4.2%34 Iowa $27,331 34 West Virginia 4.2%35 Tennessee $26,988 35 Oklahoma 4.2%

36 Maine $26,723 36 Pennsylvania 4.2%37 South Dakota $26,664 37 Oregon 4.2%38 North Dakota $25,902 38 Ohio 4.1%39 Arizona $25,872 39 Maryland 4.1%40 Oklahoma $25,071 40 Rhode Island 4.1%

41 Kentucky $24,923 41 Alabama 4.1%42 South Carolina $24,886 42 California 4.1%43 Idaho $24,621 43 Arizona 4.0%44 Alabama $24,589 44 New Mexico 4.0%45 Louisiana $24,535 45 Delaware 3.8%

46 Utah $24,180 46 Montana 3.8%47 Montana $23,963 47 District of Columbia 3.8%48 New Mexico $23,155 48 Florida 3.7%49 Arkansas $22,887 49 Nevada 3.5%50 West Virginia $22,881 50 Alaska 2.9%51 Mississippi $21,750 51 Hawaii 2.3%

National Average $30,472 National Average 4.3%

362

Per

Cap

ita

Inco

me

$21,

700

to $

25,9

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5,90

0 to

$28

,700

$28,

700

to $

32,4

00$3

2,40

0 to

$42

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Map

1P

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363

Table 2 Median Household Income, 2001

Rank StateMedian Household

Income Rank StateAverage Annual

Change, 1991-2001

1 Alaska $57,363 1 Minnesota 6.0%2 Maryland $53,530 2 Utah 5.4%3 Connecticut $53,347 3 Kentucky 4.9%4 Minnesota $52,681 4 South Dakota 4.9%5 Massachusetts $52,253 5 Colorado 4.6%

6 New Jersey $51,771 6 Georgia 4.6%7 New Hampshire $51,331 7 Mississippi 4.5%8 Virginia $50,241 8 Delaware 4.3%9 Delaware $49,602 9 Indiana 4.1%10 Colorado $49,397 10 Rhode Island 4.0%

11 Hawaii $47,439 11 Missouri 4.0%12 Utah $47,342 12 Nebraska 4.0%13 California $47,262 13 Texas 4.0%14 Illinois $46,171 14 Idaho 3.9%15 Rhode Island $45,723 15 Tennessee 3.9%

16 Nevada $45,403 16 Massachusetts 3.9%17 Wisconsin $45,346 17 Wisconsin 3.8%18 Michigan $45,047 18 Maryland 3.8%19 Nebraska $43,611 19 Illinois 3.8%20 Pennsylvania $43,499 20 Alabama 3.7%

21 Arizona $42,704 21 Iowa 3.7%22 Georgia $42,576 22 Pennsylvania 3.7%23 Washington $42,490 23 New Hampshire 3.6%24 New York $42,114 24 Arkansas 3.6%25 Ohio $41,785 25 North Carolina 3.6%

26 Kansas $41,415 26 Kansas 3.5%27 Missouri $41,339 27 Alaska 3.5%28 Oregon $41,273 28 California 3.5%29 District of Columbia $41,169 29 Ohio 3.4%30 Iowa $40,976 30 Michigan 3.4%

31 Texas $40,860 31 Vermont 3.4%32 Vermont $40,794 32 Oklahoma 3.4%33 Indiana $40,379 33 Virginia 3.4%34 Wyoming $39,719 34 Arizona 3.3%35 South Dakota $39,671 35 North Dakota 3.3%

36 Kentucky $38,437 36 Nevada 3.3%37 Idaho $38,241 37 District of Columbia 3.3%38 North Carolina $38,162 38 South Carolina 3.2%39 South Carolina $37,736 39 Wyoming 3.2%40 Maine $36,612 40 Oregon 3.2%

41 Florida $36,421 41 Florida 2.9%42 North Dakota $35,793 42 New York 2.9%43 Tennessee $35,783 43 Louisiana 2.8%44 Oklahoma $35,609 44 Maine 2.8%45 Alabama $35,160 45 Montana 2.6%

46 Arkansas $33,339 46 New Jersey 2.6%47 Louisiana $33,322 47 West Virginia 2.5%48 New Mexico $33,124 48 Hawaii 2.4%49 Montana $32,126 49 Connecticut 2.4%50 Mississippi $30,161 50 Washington 2.3%51 West Virginia $29,673 51 New Mexico 2.2%


364

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Ho

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$29,

600

to $

38,2

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$41,

800

to $

47,4

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7,40

0 to

$57

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200

1

365

Table 3 Gross State Product, 2001

Rank StateGross State

Product (millions) Rank StateAverage Annual

Change, 1991-2001

1 California $1,359,265 1 Nevada 8.9%2 New York $826,488 2 Arizona 8.4%3 Texas $763,874 3 Colorado 8.1%4 Florida $491,488 4 Utah 7.7%5 Illinois $475,541 5 Georgia 7.3%

6 Pennsylvania $408,373 6 Oregon 7.1%7 Ohio $373,708 7 Idaho 7.1%8 New Jersey $365,388 8 Texas 6.6%9 Michigan $320,470 9 New Hampshire 6.6%10 Georgia $299,874 10 North Carolina 6.5%

11 Massachusetts $287,802 11 Delaware 6.2%12 North Carolina $275,615 12 Florida 6.2%13 Virginia $273,070 13 Washington 6.2%14 Washington $222,950 14 Minnesota 6.1%15 Maryland $195,007 15 New Mexico 6.0%

16 Indiana $189,919 16 Tennessee 6.0%17 Minnesota $188,050 17 Massachusetts 5.9%18 Tennessee $182,515 18 Virginia 5.9%19 Missouri $181,493 19 South Dakota 5.6%20 Wisconsin $177,354 20 Kentucky 5.4%

21 Colorado $173,772 21 Rhode Island 5.4%22 Connecticut $166,165 22 Wisconsin 5.4%23 Arizona $160,687 23 South Carolina 5.3%24 Louisiana $148,697 24 California 5.3%25 Alabama $121,490 25 Illinois 5.2%

26 Kentucky $120,266 26 Indiana 5.2%27 Oregon $120,055 27 Maryland 5.2%28 South Carolina $115,204 28 Connecticut 5.2%29 Oklahoma $93,855 29 Michigan 5.1%30 Iowa $90,942 30 Arkansas 5.1%

31 Kansas $87,196 31 Missouri 5.1%32 Nevada $79,220 32 New York 5.1%33 Utah $70,409 33 North Dakota 5.0%34 Arkansas $67,913 34 New Jersey 5.0%35 Mississippi $67,125 35 Kansas 5.0%

36 District of Columbia $64,459 36 Vermont 5.0%37 Nebraska $56,967 37 Mississippi 5.0%38 New Mexico $55,426 38 Montana 4.9%39 New Hampshire $47,183 39 Nebraska 4.8%40 Hawaii $43,710 40 Alabama 4.8%

41 West Virginia $42,368 41 Maine 4.7%42 Delaware $40,509 42 Ohio 4.7%43 Maine $37,449 43 Iowa 4.7%44 Rhode Island $36,939 44 Oklahoma 4.6%45 Idaho $36,905 45 Pennsylvania 4.6%

46 Alaska $28,581 46 Louisiana 4.5%47 South Dakota $24,251 47 District of Columbia 4.3%48 Montana $22,635 48 Wyoming 4.2%49 Wyoming $20,418 49 West Virginia 3.7%50 Vermont $19,149 50 Alaska 2.6%51 North Dakota $19,005 51 Hawaii 2.5%

National Total $10,137,190 National Average 5.6%

366

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$270

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367

Table 4 Employed Persons, 2002

Rank State Employed Persons Rank StateAverage Annual

Change, 1992-2002

1 California 16,242,000 1 Nevada 4.8%2 Texas 10,070,000 2 Arizona 4.1%3 New York 8,790,000 3 Utah 3.0%4 Florida 7,642,000 4 Colorado 3.0%5 Illinois 5,963,000 5 Georgia 2.7%

6 Pennsylvania 5,934,000 6 Idaho 2.6%7 Ohio 5,497,000 7 Florida 2.4%8 Michigan 4,691,000 8 Minnesota 2.0%9 New Jersey 4,113,000 9 Texas 1.9%10 Georgia 4,071,000 10 Tennessee 1.9%

11 North Carolina 3,890,000 11 New Mexico 1.9%12 Virginia 3,583,000 12 South Dakota 1.8%13 Massachusetts 3,301,000 13 New Hampshire 1.8%14 Indiana 3,012,000 14 Oregon 1.7%15 Washington 2,871,000 15 Washington 1.6%

16 Wisconsin 2,861,000 16 Delaware 1.6%17 Missouri 2,825,000 17 North Carolina 1.6%18 Minnesota 2,790,000 18 California 1.5%19 Tennessee 2,776,000 19 Vermont 1.5%20 Maryland 2,772,000 20 Wyoming 1.4%

21 Arizona 2,507,000 21 Massachusetts 1.4%22 Colorado 2,298,000 22 Alaska 1.3%23 Alabama 1,978,000 23 Nebraska 1.3%24 Louisiana 1,883,000 24 Arkansas 1.3%25 Kentucky 1,857,000 25 Indiana 1.3%

26 South Carolina 1,851,000 26 Kentucky 1.2%27 Connecticut 1,696,000 27 Oklahoma 1.2%28 Oregon 1,695,000 28 Wisconsin 1.2%29 Oklahoma 1,617,000 29 Virginia 1.2%30 Iowa 1,601,000 30 Montana 1.2%

31 Kansas 1,342,000 31 Missouri 1.2%32 Arkansas 1,216,000 32 New Jersey 1.1%33 Mississippi 1,210,000 33 Rhode Island 1.1%34 Utah 1,108,000 34 North Dakota 1.1%35 Nevada 1,060,000 35 Iowa 1.1%

36 Nebraska 925,000 36 New York 1.1%37 New Mexico 830,000 37 Maryland 1.0%38 West Virginia 755,000 38 Mississippi 1.0%39 New Hampshire 672,000 39 South Carolina 1.0%40 Maine 656,000 40 West Virginia 1.0%

41 Idaho 645,000 41 Michigan 0.9%42 Hawaii 557,000 42 Pennsylvania 0.9%43 Rhode Island 528,000 43 Alabama 0.9%44 Montana 442,000 44 Maine 0.8%45 South Dakota 408,000 45 Ohio 0.8%

46 Delaware 405,000 46 Illinois 0.7%47 Vermont 336,000 47 Kansas 0.7%48 North Dakota 332,000 48 Louisiana 0.6%49 Alaska 298,000 49 Connecticut 0.1%50 District of Columbia 285,000 50 District of Columbia 0.0%51 Wyoming 259,000 51 Hawaii 0.0%

National Total 136,485,000 National Average 1.4%

368

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369

Table 5 Unemployment Rate

Rank State

2002 Unemployment

Rate Rank State

1992 Unemployment

Rate

1 Alaska 7.7% 1 West Virginia 11.4%2 Oregon 7.5% 2 California 9.3%3 Washington 7.3% 3 Alaska 9.2%4 Mississippi 6.8% 4 Rhode Island 9.0%5 California 6.7% 5 Michigan 8.9%

6 North Carolina 6.7% 6 District of Columbia 8.6%7 Illinois 6.5% 7 Massachusetts 8.6%8 District of Columbia 6.4% 8 New York 8.6%9 Texas 6.3% 9 New Jersey 8.5%10 Arizona 6.2% 10 Florida 8.3%

11 Michigan 6.2% 11 Louisiana 8.2%12 Louisiana 6.1% 12 Mississippi 8.2%13 New York 6.1% 13 Texas 7.7%14 Utah 6.1% 14 Arizona 7.6%15 West Virginia 6.1% 15 Connecticut 7.6%

16 South Carolina 6.0% 16 Illinois 7.6%17 Alabama 5.9% 17 Oregon 7.6%18 Idaho 5.8% 18 Pennsylvania 7.6%19 New Jersey 5.8% 19 Washington 7.6%20 Colorado 5.7% 20 New Hampshire 7.5%

21 Ohio 5.7% 21 Alabama 7.4%22 Pennsylvania 5.7% 22 Arkansas 7.3%23 Kentucky 5.6% 23 Ohio 7.3%24 Florida 5.5% 24 Maine 7.2%25 Missouri 5.5% 25 Georgia 7.0%

26 Nevada 5.5% 26 New Mexico 7.0%27 Wisconsin 5.5% 27 Kentucky 6.9%28 Arkansas 5.4% 28 Montana 6.9%29 New Mexico 5.4% 29 Maryland 6.7%30 Massachusetts 5.3% 30 Nevada 6.7%

31 Georgia 5.1% 31 Vermont 6.7%32 Indiana 5.1% 32 Indiana 6.6%33 Kansas 5.1% 33 Idaho 6.5%34 Rhode Island 5.1% 34 Tennessee 6.4%35 Tennessee 5.1% 35 Virginia 6.4%

36 New Hampshire 4.7% 36 South Carolina 6.3%37 Montana 4.6% 37 Colorado 6.0%38 Oklahoma 4.5% 38 North Carolina 6.0%39 Maine 4.4% 39 Missouri 5.7%40 Maryland 4.4% 40 Oklahoma 5.7%

41 Minnesota 4.4% 41 Wyoming 5.7%42 Connecticut 4.3% 42 Delaware 5.3%43 Delaware 4.2% 43 Minnesota 5.2%44 Hawaii 4.2% 44 Wisconsin 5.2%45 Wyoming 4.2% 45 North Dakota 5.1%

46 Virginia 4.1% 46 Utah 5.0%47 Iowa 4.0% 47 Iowa 4.7%48 North Dakota 4.0% 48 Hawaii 4.6%49 Vermont 3.7% 49 Kansas 4.3%50 Nebraska 3.6% 50 South Dakota 3.2%51 South Dakota 3.1% 51 Nebraska 3.0%

National Average 5.8% National Average 7.5%

370

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to 5

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to 7

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5U

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371

Table 6 Proportion of Population Under Age 18 and Ages 18 to 64, 2000

Rank State Under 18 Rank State Ages 18-64

1 Utah 32.2% 1 District of Columbia 67.7%2 Alaska 30.4% 2 Colorado 64.7%3 Idaho 28.5% 3 Virginia 64.2%4 Texas 28.2% 4 Georgia 63.9%5 New Mexico 28.0% 5 Alaska 63.9%

6 California 27.3% 6 North Carolina 63.6%7 Louisiana 27.3% 7 Nevada 63.4%8 Mississippi 27.3% 8 Washington 63.1%9 South Dakota 26.8% 9 Maryland 63.1%10 Arizona 26.6% 10 Tennessee 63.1%

11 Kansas 26.5% 11 Vermont 63.0%12 Georgia 26.5% 12 New Hampshire 63.0%13 Nebraska 26.3% 13 Kentucky 62.9%14 Minnesota 26.2% 14 Massachusetts 62.8%15 Illinois 26.1% 15 South Carolina 62.7%

16 Michigan 26.1% 16 Oregon 62.5%17 Wyoming 26.1% 17 West Virginia 62.4%18 Indiana 25.9% 18 New York 62.4%19 Oklahoma 25.9% 19 Hawaii 62.3%20 Washington 25.7% 20 Wyoming 62.2%

21 Nevada 25.6% 21 Delaware 62.2%22 Maryland 25.6% 22 California 62.1%23 Colorado 25.6% 23 Maine 62.0%24 Wisconsin 25.5% 24 New Jersey 62.0%25 Missouri 25.5% 25 Texas 61.8%

26 Montana 25.5% 26 Rhode Island 61.8%27 Arkansas 25.4% 27 Illinois 61.8%28 Ohio 25.4% 28 Minnesota 61.8%29 Alabama 25.3% 29 Indiana 61.7%30 South Carolina 25.2% 30 Alabama 61.7%

31 Iowa 25.1% 31 Michigan 61.6%32 New Hampshire 25.0% 32 Connecticut 61.5%33 North Dakota 25.0% 33 Wisconsin 61.4%34 Delaware 24.8% 34 Ohio 61.3%35 New Jersey 24.8% 35 Louisiana 61.1%

36 Oregon 24.7% 36 Montana 61.1%37 New York 24.7% 37 Missouri 61.0%38 Connecticut 24.7% 38 Oklahoma 60.9%39 Kentucky 24.6% 39 Mississippi 60.7%40 Tennessee 24.6% 40 Pennsylvania 60.6%

41 Virginia 24.6% 41 Arkansas 60.6%42 Hawaii 24.4% 42 New Mexico 60.4%43 North Carolina 24.4% 43 Arizona 60.3%44 Vermont 24.2% 44 North Dakota 60.2%45 Pennsylvania 23.8% 45 Kansas 60.2%

46 Rhode Island 23.6% 46 Idaho 60.2%47 Maine 23.6% 47 Nebraska 60.1%48 Massachusetts 23.6% 48 Iowa 60.0%49 Florida 22.8% 49 Florida 59.6%50 West Virginia 22.3% 50 Utah 59.3%51 District of Columbia 20.1% 51 South Dakota 58.8%


372

Pro

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to 2

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26.

2%26

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to 3

2.2%

Map

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der

18:

200

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373

Pro

po

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58.8

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60.

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to 6

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61.8

% to

62.

9%62

.9%

to 6

7.7%

Map

7P

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8 to

64:

200

0

374

Table 7 Proportion of Population Age 65+ and 75+, 2000

Rank State Age 65+ Rank State Age 75+

1 Florida 17.6% 1 Florida 8.5%2 Pennsylvania 15.6% 2 Pennsylvania 7.7%3 West Virginia 15.3% 3 Iowa 7.7%4 Iowa 14.9% 4 North Dakota 7.6%5 North Dakota 14.7% 5 Rhode Island 7.5%

6 Rhode Island 14.5% 6 South Dakota 7.3%7 Maine 14.4% 7 West Virginia 7.1%8 South Dakota 14.3% 8 Connecticut 7.0%9 Arkansas 14.0% 9 Maine 6.8%10 Connecticut 13.8% 10 Massachusetts 6.8%

11 Nebraska 13.6% 11 Nebraska 6.8%12 Massachusetts 13.5% 12 Kansas 6.7%13 Missouri 13.5% 13 Arkansas 6.6%14 Montana 13.4% 14 Montana 6.5%15 Ohio 13.3% 15 Wisconsin 6.5%

16 Hawaii 13.3% 16 Missouri 6.5%17 Kansas 13.3% 17 New Jersey 6.4%18 New Jersey 13.2% 18 Oregon 6.4%19 Oklahoma 13.2% 19 Ohio 6.3%20 Wisconsin 13.1% 20 Hawaii 6.2%

21 Alabama 13.0% 21 Oklahoma 6.2%22 Arizona 13.0% 22 New York 6.2%23 Delaware 13.0% 23 Minnesota 6.1%24 New York 12.9% 24 Vermont 6.0%25 Oregon 12.8% 25 District of Columbia 5.9%

26 Vermont 12.7% 26 Arizona 5.9%27 Kentucky 12.5% 27 Alabama 5.9%28 Indiana 12.4% 28 Indiana 5.9%29 Tennessee 12.4% 29 Illinois 5.9%30 Michigan 12.3% 30 Michigan 5.8%

31 District of Columbia 12.2% 31 Delaware 5.8%32 South Carolina 12.1% 32 Kentucky 5.7%33 Minnesota 12.1% 33 New Hampshire 5.6%34 Illinois 12.1% 34 Tennessee 5.6%35 Mississippi 12.1% 35 Mississippi 5.5%

36 North Carolina 12.0% 36 Washington 5.5%37 New Hampshire 12.0% 37 North Carolina 5.4%38 Wyoming 11.7% 38 Idaho 5.4%39 New Mexico 11.7% 39 South Carolina 5.4%40 Louisiana 11.6% 40 Wyoming 5.3%

41 Maryland 11.3% 41 Maryland 5.2%42 Idaho 11.3% 42 Louisiana 5.2%43 Washington 11.2% 43 New Mexico 5.2%44 Virginia 11.2% 44 Virginia 5.1%45 Nevada 11.0% 45 California 5.0%

46 California 10.6% 46 Texas 4.5%47 Texas 9.9% 47 Colorado 4.4%48 Colorado 9.7% 48 Nevada 4.4%49 Georgia 9.6% 49 Georgia 4.3%50 Utah 8.5% 50 Utah 4.0%51 Alaska 5.7% 51 Alaska 2.1%


375

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f P

op

ula

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n

5.6%

to 1

1.6%

11.6

% to

12.

7%12

.7%

to 1

3.5%

13.5

% to

17.

6%

Map

8P

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pu

lati

on

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e 65

+: 2

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376

Pro

po

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f P

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tio

n

2.1%

to 5

.4%

5.4%

to 5

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5.9%

to 6

.7%

6.7%

to 8

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Map

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Po

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377

Table 8 Percent Age Change in Population, 1990-2000(total population and under age 18)

Rank State Total Population Rank State Under Age 18

1 Nevada 66.3% 1 Nevada 72.4%2 Arizona 40.0% 2 Arizona 39.3%3 Colorado 30.6% 3 Colorado 27.8%4 Utah 29.6% 4 Florida 27.2%5 Idaho 28.5% 5 Georgia 25.6%

6 Georgia 26.4% 6 North Carolina 22.3%7 Florida 23.5% 7 Texas 21.7%8 Texas 22.8% 8 Washington 20.0%9 North Carolina 21.4% 9 Idaho 19.7%10 Washington 21.1% 10 California 19.3%

11 Oregon 20.4% 11 Delaware 19.1%12 New Mexico 20.1% 12 Oregon 16.9%13 Delaware 17.6% 13 Maryland 16.7%14 Tennessee 16.7% 14 New Jersey 16.0%15 South Carolina 15.1% 15 Virginia 15.5%

16 Virginia 14.4% 16 Tennessee 15.0%17 Alaska 14.0% 17 Utah 14.5%18 California 13.8% 18 New Mexico 13.8%19 Arkansas 13.7% 19 Connecticut 12.3%20 Montana 12.9% 20 New Hampshire 11.1%

21 Minnesota 12.4% 21 Massachusetts 10.9%22 New Hampshire 11.4% 22 Alaska 10.7%23 Maryland 10.8% 23 Minnesota 10.3%24 Mississippi 10.5% 24 Illinois 10.2%25 Alabama 10.1% 25 New York 10.1%

26 Oklahoma 9.7% 26 Rhode Island 9.8%27 Indiana 9.7% 27 South Carolina 9.7%28 Kentucky 9.7% 28 Arkansas 9.5%29 Wisconsin 9.6% 29 Missouri 8.6%30 Missouri 9.3% 30 Indiana 8.1%

31 Hawaii 9.3% 31 Kansas 7.8%32 Wyoming 8.9% 32 Oklahoma 6.6%33 New Jersey 8.9% 33 Wisconsin 6.2%34 Illinois 8.6% 34 Alabama 6.1%35 Kansas 8.5% 35 Hawaii 5.6%

36 South Dakota 8.5% 36 Michigan 5.6%37 Nebraska 8.4% 37 Nebraska 4.9%38 Vermont 8.2% 38 Pennsylvania 4.6%39 Michigan 6.9% 39 Kentucky 4.3%40 Louisiana 5.9% 40 Mississippi 3.8%

41 Massachusetts 5.5% 41 Montana 3.6%42 New York 5.5% 42 Ohio 3.2%43 Iowa 5.4% 43 Vermont 3.1%44 Ohio 4.7% 44 South Dakota 2.1%45 Rhode Island 4.5% 45 Iowa 2.1%

46 Maine 3.8% 46 Louisiana -0.6%47 Connecticut 3.6% 47 District of Columbia -1.8%48 Pennsylvania 3.4% 48 Maine -2.5%49 West Virginia 0.8% 49 Wyoming -4.9%50 North Dakota 0.5% 50 North Dakota -8.3%51 District of Columbia -5.7% 51 West Virginia -9.3%


378

Per

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10

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Map

11

Per

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990-

2000

380

Table 9 Percent Age Change in Population, 1990-2000(ages 18 to 64 and age 65+)

Rank State Ages 18-64 Rank State Age 65+

1 Nevada 63.1% 1 Nevada 71.5%2 Arizona 40.4% 2 Alaska 59.6%3 Utah 40.1% 3 Arizona 39.5%4 Idaho 35.0% 4 New Mexico 30.1%5 Colorado 32.4% 5 Hawaii 28.5%

6 Georgia 27.7% 6 Utah 26.9%7 Oregon 23.7% 7 Colorado 26.3%8 Florida 23.7% 8 Delaware 26.0%9 Texas 23.6% 9 South Carolina 22.3%10 Washington 22.7% 10 Wyoming 22.2%

11 New Mexico 21.3% 11 Texas 20.7%12 North Carolina 21.3% 12 North Carolina 20.5%13 Tennessee 17.9% 13 Idaho 20.3%14 Arkansas 17.4% 14 Georgia 20.0%15 Montana 17.2% 15 Virginia 19.2%

16 South Carolina 16.0% 16 Florida 18.5%17 Delaware 15.4% 17 New Hampshire 18.3%18 Mississippi 14.7% 18 Vermont 17.2%19 Minnesota 14.2% 19 Maryland 15.8%20 Wyoming 13.4% 20 Washington 15.1%

21 Virginia 13.2% 21 California 14.7%22 Alaska 12.7% 22 Tennessee 13.7%23 South Dakota 12.4% 23 Montana 13.6%24 Kentucky 12.3% 24 Maine 12.3%25 Alabama 11.6% 25 Oregon 12.0%

26 Oklahoma 11.6% 26 Alabama 10.9%27 Wisconsin 11.5% 27 Louisiana 10.2%28 California 11.4% 28 Michigan 10.0%29 Nebraska 11.1% 29 Minnesota 8.7%30 Indiana 10.7% 30 Indiana 8.1%

31 Missouri 10.6% 31 Kentucky 8.1%32 New Hampshire 10.3% 32 Wisconsin 7.9%33 Kansas 9.9% 33 New Jersey 7.9%34 Illinois 8.9% 34 Oklahoma 7.5%35 Vermont 8.6% 35 Ohio 7.2%

36 Louisiana 8.3% 36 Mississippi 6.9%37 Maryland 7.7% 37 Arkansas 6.8%38 Iowa 7.6% 38 South Dakota 5.7%39 Hawaii 7.4% 39 Connecticut 5.4%40 Michigan 6.9% 40 Missouri 5.3%

41 New Jersey 6.4% 41 Massachusetts 5.0%42 Ohio 4.8% 42 Pennsylvania 4.9%43 Maine 4.6% 43 Illinois 4.4%44 West Virginia 4.4% 44 Nebraska 4.1%45 New York 4.1% 45 Kansas 4.0%

46 North Dakota 3.9% 46 North Dakota 3.8%47 Massachusetts 3.8% 47 New York 3.6%48 Rhode Island 3.3% 48 West Virginia 3.0%49 Pennsylvania 2.5% 49 Iowa 2.4%50 Connecticut 0.1% 50 Rhode Island 1.2%51 District of Columbia -6.0% 51 District of Columbia -10.2%


381

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12

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Map

13

Per

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+: 1

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2000

383

Table 10 Poverty Rates, 1999(total population and under age 18)

Rank State Total Population Rank State Under Age 18

1 District of Columbia 20.2% 1 District of Columbia 31.7%2 Mississippi 19.9% 2 Mississippi 27.0%3 Louisiana 19.6% 3 Louisiana 26.6%4 New Mexico 18.4% 4 New Mexico 25.0%5 West Virginia 17.9% 5 West Virginia 24.3%

6 Alabama 16.1% 6 Arkansas 21.8%7 Arkansas 15.8% 7 Alabama 21.5%8 Kentucky 15.8% 8 Kentucky 20.8%9 Texas 15.4% 9 Texas 20.5%10 Oklahoma 14.7% 10 New York 20.0%

11 Montana 14.6% 11 Oklahoma 19.6%12 New York 14.6% 12 California 19.5%13 California 14.2% 13 Arizona 19.3%14 South Carolina 14.1% 14 Montana 19.0%15 Arizona 13.9% 15 South Carolina 18.8%

16 Tennessee 13.5% 16 Tennessee 18.0%17 South Dakota 13.2% 17 Florida 17.6%18 Georgia 13.0% 18 South Dakota 17.2%19 Florida 12.5% 19 Georgia 17.1%20 North Carolina 12.3% 20 Rhode Island 16.9%

21 Rhode Island 11.9% 21 North Carolina 16.1%22 North Dakota 11.9% 22 Missouri 15.7%23 Idaho 11.8% 23 Oregon 14.7%24 Missouri 11.7% 24 Pennsylvania 14.7%25 Oregon 11.6% 25 Wyoming 14.5%

26 Wyoming 11.4% 26 Ohio 14.4%27 Pennsylvania 11.0% 27 Illinois 14.3%28 Maine 10.9% 28 Idaho 14.3%29 Hawaii 10.7% 29 Hawaii 14.1%30 Illinois 10.7% 30 Nevada 14.0%

31 Washington 10.6% 31 North Dakota 14.0%32 Ohio 10.6% 32 Michigan 13.9%33 Michigan 10.5% 33 Washington 13.7%34 Nevada 10.5% 34 Maine 13.7%35 Kansas 9.9% 35 Nebraska 12.3%

36 Nebraska 9.7% 36 Virginia 12.3%37 Virginia 9.6% 37 Delaware 12.3%38 Indiana 9.5% 38 Indiana 12.2%39 Vermont 9.4% 39 Massachusetts 12.0%40 Utah 9.4% 40 Kansas 12.0%

41 Alaska 9.4% 41 Alaska 11.8%42 Massachusetts 9.3% 42 Vermont 11.4%43 Colorado 9.3% 43 Colorado 11.3%44 Delaware 9.2% 44 Wisconsin 11.2%45 Iowa 9.1% 45 New Jersey 11.1%

46 Wisconsin 8.7% 46 Iowa 11.0%47 New Jersey 8.5% 47 Maryland 10.7%48 Maryland 8.5% 48 Connecticut 10.4%49 Minnesota 7.9% 49 Utah 10.1%50 Connecticut 7.9% 50 Minnesota 9.6%51 New Hampshire 6.5% 51 New Hampshire 7.8%


384

Po

vert

y R

ates

6.5%

to

9.5%

9.5%

to 1

1.6%

11.6

% to

14.

5%14

.5%

to 2

0.3%

Map

14

Po

vert

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ates

fo

r T

ota

l Po

pu

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on

: 1

999

385

Po

vert

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ates

7.7%

to 1

2.2%

12.2

% to

14.

5%14

.5%

to 1

9.3%

19.3

% to

31.

8%

Map

15

Po

vert

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ates

fo

r P

erso

ns

Un

der

Ag

e 18

: 1

999

386

Table 11 Poverty Rates, 1999(ages 18 to 64 and age 65+)

Rank State Ages 18-64 Rank State Age 65+

1 District of Columbia 17.4% 1 Mississippi 18.8%2 West Virginia 17.1% 2 Louisiana 16.7%3 Louisiana 17.0% 3 District of Columbia 16.4%4 Mississippi 16.9% 4 Alabama 15.5%5 New Mexico 16.5% 5 Kentucky 14.2%

6 Kentucky 14.2% 6 South Carolina 13.9%7 Alabama 14.0% 7 Arkansas 13.8%8 Montana 13.9% 8 Georgia 13.5%9 Arkansas 13.7% 9 Tennessee 13.5%10 Texas 13.4% 10 North Carolina 13.2%

11 Oklahoma 13.4% 11 New Mexico 12.8%12 New York 13.1% 12 Texas 12.8%13 California 13.0% 13 West Virginia 11.9%14 Arizona 12.7% 14 New York 11.3%15 South Carolina 12.2% 15 South Dakota 11.1%

16 South Dakota 11.8% 16 North Dakota 11.1%17 Tennessee 11.7% 17 Oklahoma 11.1%18 Florida 11.6% 18 Rhode Island 10.6%19 Idaho 11.2% 19 Maine 10.2%20 Oregon 11.2% 20 Missouri 9.9%

21 Georgia 11.2% 21 Virginia 9.5%22 North Dakota 11.1% 22 Pennsylvania 9.1%23 North Carolina 10.6% 23 Florida 9.1%24 Wyoming 10.6% 24 Montana 9.1%25 Missouri 10.4% 25 Wyoming 8.9%

26 Rhode Island 10.3% 26 Massachusetts 8.9%27 Hawaii 10.1% 27 Maryland 8.5%28 Maine 10.0% 28 Vermont 8.5%29 Pennsylvania 10.0% 29 Arizona 8.4%30 Washington 9.9% 30 Illinois 8.3%

31 Nevada 9.7% 31 Idaho 8.3%32 Illinois 9.6% 32 Michigan 8.2%33 Michigan 9.6% 33 Minnesota 8.2%34 Ohio 9.5% 34 Ohio 8.1%35 Utah 9.5% 35 Kansas 8.1%

36 Kansas 9.3% 36 California 8.1%37 Nebraska 8.9% 37 Nebraska 8.0%38 Vermont 8.8% 38 Delaware 7.9%39 Colorado 8.7% 39 New Jersey 7.8%40 Indiana 8.7% 40 Iowa 7.7%

41 Iowa 8.7% 41 Indiana 7.7%42 Virginia 8.6% 42 Oregon 7.6%43 Alaska 8.5% 43 Washington 7.5%44 Massachusetts 8.4% 44 Colorado 7.4%45 Delaware 8.2% 45 Wisconsin 7.4%

46 Wisconsin 7.9% 46 Hawaii 7.4%47 Maryland 7.6% 47 New Hampshire 7.2%48 New Jersey 7.6% 48 Nevada 7.1%49 Minnesota 7.2% 49 Connecticut 7.0%50 Connecticut 7.0% 50 Alaska 6.8%51 New Hampshire 5.9% 51 Utah 5.8%


387

Po

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ates

5.9%

to

8.8%

8.8%

to 1

0.4%

10.4

% to

13.

1%13

.1%

to 1

7.4%

Map

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Ag

es 1

8 to

64:

199

9

388

Po

vert

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ates

5.8%

to

7.9%

7.9%

to

9.0%

9.0%

to 1

1.9%

11.9

% to

18.

8%

Map

17

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Ag

e 65

+: 1

999

389

Table 12 State and Local Revenues, FY 2000(including federal aid)

Rank State Per Capita Rank State

Revenues as a % of State Personal

Income

1 Alaska $14,423 1 Alaska 51.4%2 District of Columbia $10,021 2 District of Columbia 27.6%3 New York $7,583 3 Wyoming 27.5%4 Wyoming $7,199 4 New Mexico 26.7%5 Connecticut $6,785 5 North Dakota 26.4%

6 Delaware $6,640 6 Montana 25.0%7 Minnesota $6,293 7 Maine 24.3%8 California $6,152 8 West Virginia 24.2%9 Oregon $6,129 9 Mississippi 23.9%10 New Jersey $6,121 10 Oregon 23.5%

11 North Dakota $6,094 11 New York 23.3%12 Massachusetts $6,032 12 Utah 22.9%13 Hawaii $5,854 13 Delaware 22.9%14 Maine $5,836 14 Louisiana 22.6%15 Vermont $5,744 15 Vermont 22.5%

16 Wisconsin $5,700 16 Hawaii 21.7%17 Michigan $5,676 17 South Carolina 21.7%18 Washington $5,671 18 Kentucky 21.3%19 New Mexico $5,531 19 Wisconsin 21.3%20 Maryland $5,490 20 Minnesota 21.0%

21 Rhode Island $5,483 21 Idaho 21.0%22 Colorado $5,449 22 California 20.9%23 Montana $5,383 23 Alabama 20.9%24 Nebraska $5,271 24 Iowa 20.8%25 Pennsylvania $5,261 25 Arkansas 20.7%

26 Ohio $5,198 26 Michigan 20.4%27 Illinois $5,187 27 North Carolina 20.3%28 Iowa $5,172 28 Oklahoma 20.3%29 North Carolina $5,110 29 Rhode Island 20.0%30 Utah $5,019 30 Nebraska 19.9%

31 West Virginia $5,007 31 Ohio 19.4%32 Virginia $5,006 32 Indiana 19.3%33 Louisiana $4,999 33 Washington 19.2%34 Kansas $4,981 34 Kansas 19.1%35 South Carolina $4,917 35 Arizona 19.0%

36 Indiana $4,893 36 South Dakota 18.9%37 Georgia $4,848 37 Pennsylvania 18.9%38 Kentucky $4,806 38 Georgia 18.6%39 Nevada $4,800 39 Colorado 18.3%40 Mississippi $4,777 40 Missouri 18.0%

41 Florida $4,747 41 Florida 17.8%42 Alabama $4,725 42 New Jersey 17.8%43 Idaho $4,696 43 Texas 17.7%44 New Hampshire $4,657 44 Connecticut 17.7%45 Missouri $4,630 45 Massachusetts 17.6%

46 South Dakota $4,624 46 Tennessee 17.6%47 Texas $4,582 47 Maryland 17.4%48 Oklahoma $4,549 48 Virginia 17.3%49 Arizona $4,456 49 Nevada 17.3%50 Tennessee $4,363 50 Illinois 17.2%51 Arkansas $4,332 51 New Hampshire 15.5%


390

Table 13 State and Local General Revenues, FY 2000(not including federal aid)


Revenues as a % of State Personal

Income

1 Alaska $12,173 1 Alaska 43.4%2 District of Columbia $6,965 2 Wyoming 20.6%3 New York $6,042 3 New Mexico 20.3%4 Connecticut $5,707 4 Delaware 19.2%5 Delaware $5,580 5 District of Columbia 19.2%

6 Wyoming $5,394 6 Maine 18.9%7 Minnesota $5,323 7 North Dakota 18.8%8 New Jersey $5,184 8 New York 18.6%9 Massachusetts $5,017 9 Utah 18.5%10 California $5,016 10 Montana 18.3%

11 Hawaii $4,785 11 Minnesota 17.8%12 Wisconsin $4,757 12 Hawaii 17.8%13 Washington $4,682 13 Wisconsin 17.8%14 Michigan $4,637 14 Mississippi 17.7%15 Maryland $4,619 15 Oregon 17.7%

16 Oregon $4,599 16 West Virginia 17.5%17 Colorado $4,586 17 Louisiana 17.4%18 Maine $4,557 18 California 17.1%19 North Dakota $4,342 19 Idaho 17.0%20 Rhode Island $4,341 20 South Carolina 16.9%

21 Illinois $4,318 21 Iowa 16.8%22 Virginia $4,298 22 Michigan 16.7%23 Nebraska $4,272 23 Vermont 16.7%24 Vermont $4,260 24 Kentucky 16.3%25 Pennsylvania $4,244 25 Oklahoma 16.1%

26 Ohio $4,235 26 Nebraska 16.1%27 New Mexico $4,213 27 Indiana 15.9%28 Iowa $4,186 28 Alabama 15.9%29 Nevada $4,183 29 Washington 15.8%30 Kansas $4,058 30 North Carolina 15.8%

31 Utah $4,046 31 Rhode Island 15.8%32 Indiana $4,043 32 Ohio 15.8%33 Florida $4,014 33 Arkansas 15.7%34 North Carolina $3,985 34 Kansas 15.6%35 Georgia $3,985 35 Colorado 15.4%

36 Montana $3,935 36 Arizona 15.3%37 Louisiana $3,865 37 Georgia 15.3%38 South Carolina $3,826 38 Pennsylvania 15.2%39 Idaho $3,807 39 New Jersey 15.1%40 New Hampshire $3,797 40 Florida 15.1%

41 Texas $3,691 41 Nevada 15.1%42 Kentucky $3,669 42 Connecticut 14.9%43 West Virginia $3,631 43 Virginia 14.9%44 Oklahoma $3,627 44 Massachusetts 14.7%45 Missouri $3,624 45 Maryland 14.6%

46 Arizona $3,584 46 Illinois 14.3%47 Alabama $3,581 47 Texas 14.3%48 Mississippi $3,537 48 South Dakota 14.2%49 South Dakota $3,473 49 Missouri 14.1%50 Arkansas $3,276 50 Tennessee 13.1%51 Tennessee $3,252 51 New Hampshire 12.6%


391

Table 14 State and Local Taxes, FY 2000


Taxes as a % of State Personal

Income

1 District of Columbia $5,621 1 District of Columbia 15.5%2 Connecticut $4,596 2 New York 14.1%3 New York $4,578 3 Maine 13.9%4 New Jersey $3,903 4 Alaska 13.1%5 Massachusetts $3,787 5 Wisconsin 12.9%

6 Minnesota $3,694 6 New Mexico 12.7%7 Alaska $3,687 7 Hawaii 12.6%8 California $3,545 8 Minnesota 12.3%9 Wisconsin $3,458 9 California 12.1%10 Maryland $3,453 10 Vermont 12.0%

11 Hawaii $3,385 11 Utah 12.0%12 Maine $3,343 12 Connecticut 12.0%13 Delaware $3,342 13 North Dakota 11.9%14 Rhode Island $3,255 14 Rhode Island 11.9%15 Illinois $3,241 15 West Virginia 11.6%

16 Washington $3,178 16 Wyoming 11.6%17 Michigan $3,167 17 Delaware 11.5%18 Vermont $3,081 18 Idaho 11.4%19 Colorado $3,073 19 Michigan 11.4%20 Wyoming $3,047 20 New Jersey 11.4%

21 Ohio $3,016 21 Ohio 11.3%22 Pennsylvania $2,979 22 Kentucky 11.2%23 Virginia $2,978 23 Iowa 11.1%24 Nevada $2,915 24 Mississippi 11.1%25 Nebraska $2,906 25 Arizona 11.1%

26 Georgia $2,840 26 Massachusetts 11.1%27 Kansas $2,833 27 Louisiana 11.0%28 Iowa $2,765 28 Montana 11.0%29 North Dakota $2,753 29 Nebraska 11.0%30 Oregon $2,751 30 Maryland 10.9%

31 Indiana $2,691 31 Georgia 10.9%32 North Carolina $2,664 32 Kansas 10.9%33 New Hampshire $2,653 33 Illinois 10.8%34 New Mexico $2,639 34 Washington 10.8%35 Utah $2,630 35 Pennsylvania 10.7%

36 Florida $2,624 36 Arkansas 10.7%37 Arizona $2,599 37 Oklahoma 10.6%38 Missouri $2,558 38 Indiana 10.6%39 Idaho $2,546 39 North Carolina 10.6%40 Kentucky $2,517 40 Oregon 10.6%

41 Texas $2,505 41 Nevada 10.5%42 Louisiana $2,436 42 South Carolina 10.5%43 West Virginia $2,412 43 Virginia 10.3%44 Oklahoma $2,391 44 Colorado 10.3%45 South Carolina $2,379 45 Missouri 10.0%

46 Montana $2,363 46 Florida 9.9%47 South Dakota $2,299 47 Texas 9.7%48 Arkansas $2,230 48 South Dakota 9.4%49 Mississippi $2,214 49 Alabama 9.4%50 Tennessee $2,185 50 New Hampshire 8.8%51 Alabama $2,117 51 Tennessee 8.8%


392

Table 15 State and Local Property Taxes, FY 2000



Income

1 New Jersey $1,717 1 New Hampshire 5.5%2 New Hampshire $1,641 2 Maine 5.2%3 Connecticut $1,588 3 Vermont 5.0%4 New York $1,328 4 New Jersey 5.0%5 Rhode Island $1,297 5 Rhode Island 4.7%

6 Vermont $1,285 6 Montana 4.7%7 Maine $1,254 7 Alaska 4.3%8 Alaska $1,214 8 Connecticut 4.1%9 District of Columbia $1,211 9 New York 4.1%10 Massachusetts $1,204 10 Wyoming 4.0%

11 Illinois $1,168 11 Wisconsin 4.0%12 Wisconsin $1,061 12 Illinois 3.9%13 Wyoming $1,038 13 Texas 3.7%14 Montana $1,006 14 Indiana 3.6%15 Michigan $956 15 Iowa 3.6%

16 Texas $950 16 North Dakota 3.5%17 Washington $932 17 Massachusetts 3.5%18 Minnesota $928 18 Michigan 3.4%19 Indiana $913 19 South Dakota 3.4%20 Maryland $908 20 Nebraska 3.4%

21 Nebraska $905 21 District of Columbia 3.3%22 Iowa $888 22 Florida 3.3%23 Florida $882 23 Arizona 3.2%24 Colorado $856 24 Washington 3.2%25 Virginia $846 25 Ohio 3.1%

26 Ohio $841 26 Oregon 3.1%27 South Dakota $838 27 Kansas 3.1%28 North Dakota $821 28 Minnesota 3.1%29 Pennsylvania $820 29 Idaho 3.0%30 Oregon $815 30 South Carolina 2.9%

31 Kansas $808 31 Pennsylvania 2.9%32 California $775 32 Virginia 2.9%33 Arizona $761 33 Maryland 2.9%34 Georgia $725 34 Colorado 2.9%35 Nevada $719 35 Georgia 2.8%

36 Idaho $670 36 Utah 2.7%37 South Carolina $668 37 California 2.6%38 Missouri $609 38 Nevada 2.6%39 Utah $584 39 Mississippi 2.6%40 North Carolina $572 40 Missouri 2.4%

41 Mississippi $514 41 West Virginia 2.3%42 Tennessee $507 42 North Carolina 2.3%43 Hawaii $497 43 Tennessee 2.0%44 Delaware $488 44 Kentucky 1.9%45 West Virginia $473 45 Hawaii 1.8%

46 Kentucky $426 46 Louisiana 1.8%47 Louisiana $390 47 Arkansas 1.7%48 Oklahoma $377 48 Delaware 1.7%49 Arkansas $361 49 Oklahoma 1.7%50 New Mexico $341 50 New Mexico 1.6%51 Alabama $301 51 Alabama 1.3%

National Average $885 National Average 3.2%

393

Table 16 State and Local General Sales Taxes, FY 2000



Income

1 Washington $1,513 1 Washington 5.1%2 Hawaii $1,268 2 New Mexico 5.0%3 District of Columbia $1,119 3 Hawaii 4.7%4 Nevada $1,032 4 Louisiana 4.4%5 New Mexico $1,027 5 Mississippi 4.1%

6 Connecticut $1,004 6 Tennessee 4.0%7 Tennessee $1,002 7 Arizona 4.0%8 Florida $973 8 Arkansas 3.9%9 Louisiana $968 9 Utah 3.8%10 Arizona $946 10 Nevada 3.7%

11 Wyoming $940 11 Florida 3.7%12 Georgia $920 12 Wyoming 3.6%13 California $899 13 Georgia 3.5%14 Colorado $878 14 South Dakota 3.4%15 New York $868 15 Texas 3.2%

16 Texas $832 16 Kansas 3.2%17 South Dakota $831 17 Oklahoma 3.1%18 Utah $825 18 District of Columbia 3.1%19 Arkansas $823 19 California 3.1%20 Kansas $822 20 Colorado 2.9%

21 Mississippi $820 21 Alabama 2.9%22 Michigan $771 22 Missouri 2.9%23 Minnesota $764 23 South Carolina 2.8%24 Missouri $734 24 Michigan 2.8%25 Nebraska $711 25 Maine 2.8%

26 Oklahoma $697 26 Nebraska 2.7%27 Wisconsin $689 27 New York 2.7%28 Maine $665 28 Connecticut 2.6%29 New Jersey $655 29 Iowa 2.6%30 Ohio $655 30 Idaho 2.6%

31 Iowa $647 31 Wisconsin 2.6%32 Alabama $645 32 North Dakota 2.6%33 South Carolina $638 33 Minnesota 2.6%34 North Dakota $594 34 West Virginia 2.4%35 Rhode Island $592 35 Ohio 2.4%

36 Indiana $589 36 Kentucky 2.4%37 Pennsylvania $588 37 Indiana 2.3%38 Illinois $586 38 North Carolina 2.2%39 Idaho $577 39 Rhode Island 2.2%40 Massachusetts $562 40 Pennsylvania 2.1%

41 North Carolina $562 41 Illinois 1.9%42 Kentucky $537 42 New Jersey 1.9%43 West Virginia $507 43 Massachusetts 1.6%44 Maryland $472 44 Virginia 1.6%45 Virginia $454 45 Maryland 1.5%

46 Vermont $354 46 Vermont 1.4%47 Alaska $170 47 Alaska 0.6%48 Delaware $0 48 Delaware 0.0%49 Montana $0 49 Montana 0.0%50 New Hampshire $0 50 New Hampshire 0.0%51 Oregon $0 51 Oregon 0.0%


394

Table 17 State and Local Income Taxes, FY 2000(including personal and corporate taxes)



Income

1 District of Columbia $2,340 1 New York 5.1%2 New York $1,828 2 District of Columbia 4.9%3 Massachusetts $1,630 3 Oregon 4.7%4 Maryland $1,432 4 Massachusetts 4.7%5 California $1,364 5 Minnesota 4.5%

6 Oregon $1,317 6 Delaware 4.5%7 Delaware $1,296 7 Maryland 4.3%8 Connecticut $1,292 8 Wisconsin 4.2%9 Minnesota $1,291 9 Kentucky 3.9%10 Wisconsin $1,218 10 North Carolina 3.8%

11 Ohio $1,064 11 Indiana 3.8%12 Virginia $1,045 12 Ohio 3.7%13 North Carolina $1,044 13 Michigan 3.6%14 New Jersey $1,020 14 California 3.6%15 Michigan $1,017 15 Idaho 3.6%

16 Maine $962 16 Utah 3.5%17 Hawaii $941 17 Hawaii 3.4%18 Kentucky $929 18 Connecticut 3.3%19 Colorado $923 19 Maine 3.2%20 Pennsylvania $894 20 Georgia 3.2%

21 Georgia $864 21 Pennsylvania 3.1%22 Rhode Island $862 22 Arkansas 3.0%23 Indiana $854 23 West Virginia 3.0%24 Idaho $843 24 Iowa 3.0%25 Utah $817 25 Missouri 3.0%

26 Illinois $797 26 Virginia 3.0%27 Kansas $794 27 Kansas 2.9%28 Vermont $783 28 Rhode Island 2.9%29 Nebraska $768 29 South Carolina 2.9%30 Missouri $735 30 Montana 2.8%

31 Iowa $732 31 Vermont 2.8%32 Alaska $699 32 Oklahoma 2.8%33 Montana $683 33 Colorado 2.8%34 Oklahoma $675 34 New Mexico 2.7%35 South Carolina $666 35 Nebraska 2.7%

36 West Virginia $654 36 Illinois 2.5%37 Arkansas $639 37 New Jersey 2.4%38 New Mexico $572 38 Alabama 2.3%39 Arizona $549 39 Arizona 2.2%40 Alabama $540 40 Louisiana 2.1%

41 Mississippi $434 41 Alaska 2.1%42 North Dakota $431 42 Mississippi 2.0%43 Louisiana $404 43 North Dakota 1.7%44 New Hampshire $306 44 New Hampshire 0.8%45 Tennessee $140 45 Tennessee 0.6%

46 Florida $74 46 Florida 0.3%47 South Dakota $60 47 South Dakota 0.2%48 Nevada $0 48 Texas 0.0%49 Texas $0 49 Nevada 0.0%50 Washington $0 50 Washington 0.0%51 Wyoming $0 51 Wyoming 0.0%


395

Table 18 State and Local Personal Income Taxes, FY 2000



Income

1 District of Columbia $1,883 1 District of Columbia 5.2%2 New York $1,509 2 New York 4.6%3 Massachusetts $1,424 3 Oregon 4.6%4 Maryland $1,351 4 Maryland 4.3%5 Oregon $1,198 5 Massachusetts 4.2%

6 California $1,168 6 Wisconsin 4.1%7 Connecticut $1,167 7 California 4.0%8 Minnesota $1,128 8 Kentucky 3.8%9 Wisconsin $1,110 9 Minnesota 3.8%10 Ohio $1,009 10 Ohio 3.8%

11 Delaware $989 11 North Carolina 3.6%12 Virginia $965 12 Maine 3.5%13 North Carolina $896 13 Delaware 3.4%14 Hawaii $878 14 Utah 3.4%15 New Jersey $860 15 Idaho 3.3%

16 Kentucky $853 16 Virginia 3.3%17 Colorado $846 17 Hawaii 3.3%18 Maine $845 18 Connecticut 3.0%19 Rhode Island $791 19 Georgia 3.0%20 Michigan $778 20 Rhode Island 2.9%

21 Georgia $777 21 Colorado 2.8%22 Pennsylvania $756 22 Michigan 2.8%23 Idaho $746 23 Vermont 2.8%24 Utah $740 24 Indiana 2.8%25 Vermont $710 25 Oklahoma 2.8%

26 Indiana $702 26 Pennsylvania 2.7%27 Kansas $692 27 South Carolina 2.7%28 Missouri $688 28 Missouri 2.7%29 Nebraska $686 29 Montana 2.7%30 Iowa $659 30 Kansas 2.7%

31 Oklahoma $619 31 Iowa 2.6%32 Illinois $615 32 Arkansas 2.6%33 South Carolina $610 33 Nebraska 2.6%34 Montana $572 34 West Virginia 2.6%35 Arkansas $550 35 New Jersey 2.5%

36 West Virginia $534 36 New Mexico 2.3%37 Alabama $485 37 Alabama 2.1%38 New Mexico $484 38 Illinois 2.0%39 Arizona $447 39 Arizona 1.9%40 Louisiana $354 40 Mississippi 1.8%

41 Mississippi $354 41 Louisiana 1.6%42 North Dakota $309 42 North Dakota 1.3%43 New Hampshire $53 43 New Hampshire 0.2%44 Tennessee $32 44 Tennessee 0.1%45 Alaska $0 45 Alaska 0.0%

46 Florida $0 46 Florida 0.0%47 Nevada $0 47 Nevada 0.0%48 South Dakota $0 48 South Dakota 0.0%49 Texas $0 49 Texas 0.0%50 Washington $0 50 Washington 0.0%51 Wyoming $0 51 Wyoming 0.0%


396

Table 19 State and Local Corporate Income Taxes, FY 2000



Income

1 Alaska $699 1 Alaska 2.1%2 District of Columbia $457 2 New York 1.0%3 New York $319 3 Michigan 0.9%4 Delaware $307 4 Delaware 0.9%5 New Hampshire $253 5 District of Columbia 0.8%

6 Michigan $240 6 California 0.7%7 Massachusetts $206 7 West Virginia 0.7%8 California $196 8 Massachusetts 0.7%9 Illinois $182 9 Indiana 0.7%10 Minnesota $163 10 Idaho 0.6%

11 New Jersey $160 11 New Hampshire 0.6%12 Indiana $152 12 Connecticut 0.6%13 North Carolina $149 13 Minnesota 0.6%14 Pennsylvania $138 14 North Carolina 0.6%15 Connecticut $125 15 North Dakota 0.5%

16 North Dakota $122 16 Wisconsin 0.5%17 West Virginia $120 17 Pennsylvania 0.5%18 Oregon $119 18 Illinois 0.5%19 Maine $118 19 New Mexico 0.5%20 Montana $111 20 Arkansas 0.5%

21 Tennessee $108 21 New Jersey 0.5%22 Wisconsin $108 22 Arizona 0.5%23 Arizona $102 23 Tennessee 0.4%24 Kansas $101 24 Montana 0.4%25 Idaho $97 25 Utah 0.4%

26 Arkansas $89 26 Kansas 0.4%27 New Mexico $88 27 Georgia 0.4%28 Georgia $87 28 Mississippi 0.4%29 Nebraska $82 29 Oregon 0.4%30 Maryland $81 30 Louisiana 0.4%

31 Mississippi $80 31 Kentucky 0.4%32 Virginia $80 32 Rhode Island 0.4%33 Colorado $78 33 Missouri 0.3%34 Utah $78 34 Vermont 0.3%35 Kentucky $76 35 South Carolina 0.3%

36 Florida $74 36 Nebraska 0.3%37 Iowa $73 37 Iowa 0.3%38 Vermont $73 38 Ohio 0.3%39 Rhode Island $71 39 Florida 0.3%40 Hawaii $62 40 Maine 0.3%

41 South Dakota $60 41 Alabama 0.2%42 South Carolina $57 42 Oklahoma 0.2%43 Oklahoma $56 43 South Dakota 0.2%44 Ohio $56 44 Maryland 0.2%45 Alabama $55 45 Hawaii 0.2%

46 Louisiana $50 46 Virginia 0.2%47 Missouri $47 47 Colorado 0.2%48 Nevada $0 48 Nevada 0.0%49 Texas $0 49 Texas 0.0%50 Washington $0 50 Washington 0.0%51 Wyoming $0 51 Wyoming 0.0%


397

Table 20 State and Local General Expenditures, FY 2000(including expenditures to federal government)


Expenditures as a % of State Personal

Income

1 Alaska $12,302 1 Alaska 43.8%2 District of Columbia $9,006 2 New Mexico 26.8%3 New York $7,412 3 Wyoming 25.8%4 Wyoming $6,746 4 District of Columbia 24.8%5 Minnesota $6,335 5 North Dakota 24.7%

6 Connecticut $6,290 6 Mississippi 24.5%7 Hawaii $6,030 7 Montana 23.3%8 Delaware $5,987 8 West Virginia 23.2%9 Massachusetts $5,977 9 New York 22.8%10 Oregon $5,893 10 Maine 22.7%

11 California $5,854 11 Oregon 22.6%12 Wisconsin $5,754 12 Utah 22.5%13 North Dakota $5,720 13 Louisiana 22.5%14 Washington $5,681 14 Hawaii 22.4%15 Vermont $5,676 15 South Carolina 22.2%

16 New Jersey $5,622 16 Vermont 22.2%17 New Mexico $5,552 17 Alabama 22.0%18 Michigan $5,515 18 Wisconsin 21.5%19 Maine $5,462 19 Iowa 21.4%20 Pennsylvania $5,376 20 Minnesota 21.2%

21 Iowa $5,331 21 Kentucky 20.9%22 Rhode Island $5,329 22 Delaware 20.7%23 Colorado $5,238 23 Idaho 20.2%24 Illinois $5,186 24 North Carolina 20.0%25 Maryland $5,182 25 California 19.9%

26 Ohio $5,078 26 Michigan 19.8%27 South Carolina $5,050 27 Arkansas 19.8%28 North Carolina $5,023 28 Rhode Island 19.4%29 Montana $5,013 29 Arizona 19.3%30 Louisiana $4,985 30 Pennsylvania 19.3%

31 Alabama $4,961 31 Washington 19.2%32 Utah $4,932 32 Ohio 18.9%33 Nebraska $4,919 33 South Dakota 18.7%34 Virginia $4,906 34 Indiana 18.6%35 Mississippi $4,898 35 Nebraska 18.6%

36 Nevada $4,885 36 Kansas 18.4%37 West Virginia $4,817 37 Tennessee 17.9%38 Kansas $4,793 38 Georgia 17.8%39 Indiana $4,727 39 Oklahoma 17.8%40 Florida $4,711 40 Texas 17.7%

41 Kentucky $4,706 41 Florida 17.7%42 Georgia $4,651 42 Nevada 17.6%43 Texas $4,592 43 Colorado 17.5%44 New Hampshire $4,583 44 Massachusetts 17.5%45 South Dakota $4,562 45 Missouri 17.3%

46 Arizona $4,534 46 Illinois 17.2%47 Idaho $4,504 47 Virginia 17.0%48 Tennessee $4,442 48 Connecticut 16.4%49 Missouri $4,436 49 Maryland 16.4%50 Arkansas $4,137 50 New Jersey 16.4%51 Oklahoma $4,002 51 New Hampshire 15.3%


398

Table 21 State and Local General Expenditures, FY 2000(not including expenditures to federal government)



Income

1 Alaska $12,123 1 Alaska 43.2%2 District of Columbia $9,006 2 New Mexico 26.8%3 New York $7,379 3 Wyoming 25.8%4 Wyoming $6,743 4 District of Columbia 24.8%5 Minnesota $6,335 5 North Dakota 24.7%

6 Connecticut $6,290 6 Mississippi 24.5%7 Hawaii $6,018 7 Montana 23.3%8 Delaware $5,986 8 West Virginia 23.2%9 Massachusetts $5,949 9 New York 22.7%10 Oregon $5,893 10 Maine 22.7%

11 California $5,780 11 Oregon 22.6%12 Wisconsin $5,735 12 Utah 22.5%13 North Dakota $5,720 13 Louisiana 22.5%14 Washington $5,679 14 Hawaii 22.3%15 Vermont $5,661 15 South Carolina 22.2%

16 New Jersey $5,613 16 Vermont 22.1%17 New Mexico $5,552 17 Alabama 22.0%18 Michigan $5,509 18 Wisconsin 21.4%19 Maine $5,455 19 Iowa 21.3%20 Pennsylvania $5,364 20 Minnesota 21.2%

21 Iowa $5,318 21 Kentucky 20.9%22 Rhode Island $5,304 22 Delaware 20.6%23 Colorado $5,237 23 Idaho 20.2%24 Illinois $5,186 24 North Carolina 20.0%25 Maryland $5,182 25 Michigan 19.8%

26 Ohio $5,078 26 Arkansas 19.8%27 South Carolina $5,050 27 California 19.7%28 North Carolina $5,023 28 Arizona 19.3%29 Montana $5,013 29 Rhode Island 19.3%30 Louisiana $4,985 30 Pennsylvania 19.2%

31 Alabama $4,961 31 Washington 19.2%32 Utah $4,931 32 Ohio 18.9%33 Nebraska $4,912 33 South Dakota 18.7%34 Virginia $4,906 34 Indiana 18.6%35 Mississippi $4,898 35 Nebraska 18.6%

36 Nevada $4,882 36 Kansas 18.4%37 West Virginia $4,817 37 Tennessee 17.9%38 Kansas $4,792 38 Georgia 17.8%39 Indiana $4,727 39 Oklahoma 17.8%40 Florida $4,711 40 Texas 17.7%

41 Kentucky $4,706 41 Florida 17.7%42 Georgia $4,651 42 Nevada 17.6%43 Texas $4,592 43 Colorado 17.5%44 New Hampshire $4,583 44 Massachusetts 17.4%45 South Dakota $4,562 45 Missouri 17.3%

46 Arizona $4,534 46 Illinois 17.2%47 Idaho $4,504 47 Virginia 17.0%48 Tennessee $4,442 48 Connecticut 16.4%49 Missouri $4,436 49 Maryland 16.4%50 Arkansas $4,136 50 New Jersey 16.4%51 Oklahoma $3,990 51 New Hampshire 15.3%


399

Table 22 State and Local Education Expenditures, FY 2000



Income

1 Alaska $2,809 1 Alaska 10.0%2 Wyoming $2,278 2 New Mexico 9.8%3 Michigan $2,262 3 Wyoming 8.7%4 New Jersey $2,233 4 Utah 8.7%5 Delaware $2,189 5 Vermont 8.5%

6 Vermont $2,185 6 Mississippi 8.5%7 New York $2,141 7 West Virginia 8.5%8 Wisconsin $2,130 8 Montana 8.5%9 Minnesota $2,090 9 North Dakota 8.4%10 Iowa $2,038 10 Iowa 8.2%

11 New Mexico $2,032 11 Michigan 8.1%12 Connecticut $1,974 12 Wisconsin 8.0%13 Washington $1,962 13 South Carolina 7.8%14 North Dakota $1,954 14 Alabama 7.7%15 Nebraska $1,909 15 Delaware 7.5%

16 Maryland $1,898 16 Oklahoma 7.5%17 Utah $1,896 17 Arkansas 7.5%18 Pennsylvania $1,894 18 Indiana 7.4%19 Oregon $1,885 19 Idaho 7.4%20 Indiana $1,883 20 Texas 7.3%

21 Texas $1,881 21 Maine 7.3%22 California $1,876 22 Louisiana 7.3%23 Virginia $1,855 23 Oregon 7.2%24 Colorado $1,837 24 Nebraska 7.2%25 Illinois $1,830 25 North Carolina 7.0%

26 Montana $1,818 26 Minnesota 7.0%27 Kansas $1,817 27 Kentucky 7.0%28 Ohio $1,816 28 Kansas 7.0%29 Georgia $1,804 29 Georgia 6.9%30 Massachusetts $1,803 30 Pennsylvania 6.8%

31 South Carolina $1,776 31 Ohio 6.8%32 Rhode Island $1,771 32 Washington 6.6%33 North Carolina $1,760 33 South Dakota 6.6%34 West Virginia $1,754 34 New York 6.6%35 Maine $1,748 35 Arizona 6.5%

36 Alabama $1,747 36 New Jersey 6.5%37 District of Columbia $1,694 37 Rhode Island 6.5%38 Mississippi $1,694 38 Virginia 6.4%39 Oklahoma $1,691 39 Missouri 6.4%40 New Hampshire $1,666 40 California 6.4%

41 Missouri $1,649 41 Colorado 6.2%42 Idaho $1,648 42 Illinois 6.1%43 South Dakota $1,614 43 Maryland 6.0%44 Louisiana $1,608 44 Tennessee 5.9%45 Kentucky $1,577 45 Hawaii 5.7%

46 Arkansas $1,570 46 New Hampshire 5.5%47 Arizona $1,534 47 Nevada 5.4%48 Hawaii $1,530 48 Florida 5.4%49 Nevada $1,511 49 Massachusetts 5.3%50 Tennessee $1,471 50 Connecticut 5.1%51 Florida $1,428 51 District of Columbia 4.7%


400

Table 23 State and Local Public Welfare Expenditures, FY 2000



Income

1 District of Columbia $2,193 1 District of Columbia 6.1%2 New York $1,538 2 Maine 5.2%3 Alaska $1,292 3 New York 4.7%4 Maine $1,244 4 West Virginia 4.7%5 Minnesota $1,214 5 Alaska 4.6%

6 Vermont $1,152 6 Vermont 4.5%7 Rhode Island $1,091 7 Kentucky 4.5%8 Pennsylvania $1,084 8 Mississippi 4.1%9 Kentucky $1,014 9 Minnesota 4.1%10 Massachusetts $994 10 New Mexico 4.0%

11 West Virginia $975 11 Rhode Island 4.0%12 Connecticut $915 12 North Dakota 3.9%13 North Dakota $903 13 Pennsylvania 3.9%14 New Hampshire $901 14 South Carolina 3.8%15 Oregon $897 15 Arkansas 3.6%

16 Washington $865 16 Alabama 3.5%17 California $862 17 Tennessee 3.5%18 South Carolina $862 18 Oregon 3.4%19 Hawaii $858 19 Hawaii 3.2%20 Tennessee $856 20 Nebraska 3.1%

21 Ohio $843 21 Ohio 3.1%22 Wisconsin $833 22 Wisconsin 3.1%23 New Mexico $833 23 North Carolina 3.1%24 Nebraska $833 24 Louisiana 3.1%25 Michigan $829 25 Iowa 3.1%

26 Mississippi $816 26 Utah 3.0%27 Alabama $793 27 New Hampshire 3.0%28 North Carolina $783 28 Michigan 3.0%29 Iowa $772 29 California 2.9%30 Maryland $757 30 Washington 2.9%

31 Arkansas $748 31 Massachusetts 2.9%32 Missouri $722 32 Montana 2.9%33 Illinois $713 33 Missouri 2.8%34 Indiana $701 34 Indiana 2.8%35 Delaware $699 35 Idaho 2.7%

36 New Jersey $692 36 South Dakota 2.7%37 Louisiana $687 37 Georgia 2.6%38 Georgia $680 38 Arizona 2.4%39 Utah $659 39 Delaware 2.4%40 South Dakota $646 40 Maryland 2.4%

41 Colorado $635 41 Connecticut 2.4%42 Virginia $634 42 Illinois 2.4%43 Montana $615 43 Wyoming 2.3%44 Idaho $611 44 Florida 2.2%45 Florida $595 45 Virginia 2.2%

46 Wyoming $590 46 Colorado 2.1%47 Arizona $574 47 Texas 2.1%48 Texas $550 48 New Jersey 2.0%49 Kansas $503 49 Kansas 1.9%50 Nevada $443 50 Nevada 1.6%51 Oklahoma $257 51 Oklahoma 1.1%


401

Table 24 State and Local Health and Hospital Expenditures, FY 2000



Income

1 District of Columbia $1,108 1 Mississippi 3.7%2 Wyoming $939 2 Alabama 3.6%3 Alabama $817 3 Wyoming 3.6%4 Louisiana $755 4 Louisiana 3.4%5 South Carolina $752 5 South Carolina 3.3%

6 Mississippi $743 6 District of Columbia 3.0%7 North Carolina $688 7 North Carolina 2.7%8 New York $610 8 Iowa 2.3%9 Iowa $573 9 Oregon 2.2%10 Oregon $570 10 New Mexico 2.2%

11 Washington $563 11 Tennessee 1.9%12 California $533 12 Washington 1.9%13 Hawaii $496 13 New York 1.9%14 Tennessee $481 14 Hawaii 1.8%15 Connecticut $469 15 California 1.8%

16 Florida $457 16 Idaho 1.8%17 New Mexico $446 17 Montana 1.8%18 Ohio $437 18 Arkansas 1.7%19 Georgia $434 19 Florida 1.7%20 Indiana $428 20 Oklahoma 1.7%

21 Texas $425 21 Indiana 1.7%22 Michigan $420 22 Georgia 1.7%23 Idaho $396 23 Texas 1.6%24 Missouri $387 24 Ohio 1.6%25 Oklahoma $384 25 Utah 1.5%

26 Montana $380 26 Michigan 1.5%27 Alaska $376 27 Missouri 1.5%28 Virginia $372 28 West Virginia 1.5%29 Minnesota $371 29 Alaska 1.3%30 Nevada $369 30 Kansas 1.3%

31 Arkansas $363 31 Nevada 1.3%32 Delaware $355 32 Maine 1.3%33 Massachusetts $354 33 Virginia 1.3%34 Illinois $353 34 Wisconsin 1.3%35 Kansas $348 35 Minnesota 1.2%

36 Wisconsin $343 36 Delaware 1.2%37 Utah $332 37 Connecticut 1.2%38 Pennsylvania $321 38 Kentucky 1.2%39 Colorado $312 39 Illinois 1.2%40 Maine $312 40 Pennsylvania 1.2%

41 West Virginia $305 41 Nebraska 1.2%42 Nebraska $305 42 Arizona 1.1%43 New Jersey $277 43 Colorado 1.0%44 Kentucky $271 44 Massachusetts 1.0%45 Arizona $268 45 Rhode Island 1.0%

46 Rhode Island $265 46 South Dakota 0.8%47 Maryland $244 47 New Jersey 0.8%48 South Dakota $199 48 Maryland 0.8%49 North Dakota $141 49 North Dakota 0.6%50 New Hampshire $138 50 Vermont 0.5%51 Vermont $130 51 New Hampshire 0.5%


402

Table 25 State and Local Highway Expenditures, FY 2000



Income

1 Alaska $1,319 1 Alaska 4.7%2 Wyoming $863 2 Wyoming 3.3%3 South Dakota $715 3 North Dakota 3.0%4 North Dakota $701 4 South Dakota 2.9%5 Kansas $638 5 New Mexico 2.8%

6 Iowa $627 6 Montana 2.7%7 New Mexico $585 7 Iowa 2.5%8 Montana $575 8 Kansas 2.4%9 Nevada $564 9 West Virginia 2.4%10 Delaware $544 10 Mississippi 2.2%

11 Vermont $538 11 Utah 2.1%12 Nebraska $514 12 Vermont 2.1%13 Massachusetts $510 13 Nevada 2.0%14 Wisconsin $505 14 Nebraska 1.9%15 West Virginia $491 15 Idaho 1.9%

16 Minnesota $485 16 Kentucky 1.9%17 Utah $462 17 Wisconsin 1.9%18 Maine $449 18 Delaware 1.9%19 Kentucky $434 19 Maine 1.9%20 Idaho $433 20 Oklahoma 1.8%

21 Mississippi $433 21 Louisiana 1.7%22 Oklahoma $407 22 Arizona 1.6%23 Colorado $405 23 Minnesota 1.6%24 Missouri $384 24 Arkansas 1.6%25 Arizona $382 25 Missouri 1.5%

26 New Hampshire $379 26 Massachusetts 1.5%27 Washington $375 27 Alabama 1.5%28 Virginia $371 28 South Carolina 1.5%29 Louisiana $370 29 Oregon 1.4%30 Oregon $364 30 Colorado 1.4%

31 New York $360 31 Texas 1.3%32 Connecticut $349 32 Tennessee 1.3%33 Ohio $348 33 North Carolina 1.3%34 Texas $345 34 Ohio 1.3%35 Pennsylvania $336 35 Virginia 1.3%

36 Alabama $336 36 Indiana 1.3%37 South Carolina $331 37 Washington 1.3%38 Illinois $328 38 New Hampshire 1.3%39 North Carolina $328 39 Florida 1.2%40 Arkansas $325 40 Pennsylvania 1.2%

41 Florida $324 41 Georgia 1.2%42 Indiana $323 42 Michigan 1.1%43 Tennessee $323 43 New York 1.1%44 Michigan $310 44 Illinois 1.1%45 Georgia $305 45 Hawaii 1.1%

46 Hawaii $292 46 Rhode Island 1.0%47 Maryland $281 47 Connecticut 0.9%48 New Jersey $278 48 Maryland 0.9%49 Rhode Island $273 49 California 0.9%50 California $254 50 New Jersey 0.8%51 District of Columbia $67 51 District of Columbia 0.2%


403

Table 26 State and Local Public Safety Expenditures, FY 2000



Income

1 District of Columbia $1,393 1 District of Columbia 3.8%2 Alaska $716 2 Alaska 2.5%3 New York $684 3 Nevada 2.4%4 Nevada $676 4 Arizona 2.4%5 California $645 5 New Mexico 2.4%

6 Delaware $591 6 California 2.2%7 Florida $578 7 Florida 2.2%8 Oregon $566 8 Oregon 2.2%9 Arizona $565 9 New York 2.1%10 New Jersey $555 10 Delaware 2.0%

11 Maryland $538 11 Louisiana 2.0%12 Connecticut $515 12 Wisconsin 1.9%13 Illinois $513 13 Rhode Island 1.9%14 Rhode Island $512 14 Utah 1.9%15 Wisconsin $511 15 Wyoming 1.8%

16 Washington $507 16 Idaho 1.8%17 Massachusetts $500 17 Oklahoma 1.8%18 New Mexico $489 18 Ohio 1.8%19 Colorado $485 19 Washington 1.7%20 Wyoming $473 20 Illinois 1.7%

21 Ohio $469 21 Maryland 1.7%22 Michigan $450 22 Montana 1.7%23 Virginia $448 23 Kentucky 1.7%24 Louisiana $441 24 Colorado 1.6%25 Hawaii $422 25 Mississippi 1.6%

26 Texas $418 26 Michigan 1.6%27 Pennsylvania $412 27 Texas 1.6%28 Georgia $412 28 New Jersey 1.6%29 Utah $407 29 South Carolina 1.6%30 Idaho $402 30 North Carolina 1.6%

31 North Carolina $400 31 Georgia 1.6%32 Oklahoma $397 32 Hawaii 1.6%33 Minnesota $386 33 Virginia 1.5%34 Kansas $378 34 Arkansas 1.5%35 Kentucky $374 35 Pennsylvania 1.5%

36 Missouri $369 36 Massachusetts 1.5%37 South Carolina $366 37 Kansas 1.5%38 Nebraska $362 38 Tennessee 1.4%39 Montana $360 39 Missouri 1.4%40 Tennessee $359 40 Alabama 1.4%

41 New Hampshire $351 41 Nebraska 1.4%42 Indiana $338 42 Connecticut 1.3%43 Mississippi $323 43 Indiana 1.3%44 Arkansas $323 44 Maine 1.3%45 Maine $315 45 Minnesota 1.3%

46 Alabama $314 46 Iowa 1.2%47 Iowa $311 47 West Virginia 1.2%48 Vermont $305 48 North Dakota 1.2%49 North Dakota $278 49 Vermont 1.2%50 South Dakota $277 50 New Hampshire 1.2%51 West Virginia $250 51 South Dakota 1.1%


404

Table 27 State and Local Environmental Expenditures, FY 2000



Income

1 District of Columbia $897 1 Alaska 2.7%2 Alaska $744 2 District of Columbia 2.5%3 Wyoming $504 3 Wyoming 1.9%4 Hawaii $462 4 North Dakota 1.9%5 Florida $436 5 Hawaii 1.7%

6 Minnesota $434 6 Montana 1.7%7 North Dakota $432 7 New Mexico 1.6%8 Washington $415 8 Florida 1.6%9 Maryland $403 9 Idaho 1.6%10 Oregon $400 10 Oregon 1.5%

11 California $376 11 Minnesota 1.4%12 Nevada $366 12 Louisiana 1.4%13 Montana $363 13 Washington 1.4%14 Wisconsin $363 14 Utah 1.4%15 Idaho $359 15 Wisconsin 1.4%

16 Michigan $347 16 South Dakota 1.3%17 Colorado $344 17 Maine 1.3%18 Delaware $344 18 Nevada 1.3%19 New Jersey $342 19 California 1.3%20 New Mexico $341 20 Maryland 1.3%

21 Nebraska $331 21 Nebraska 1.2%22 South Dakota $327 22 Michigan 1.2%23 New York $325 23 North Carolina 1.2%24 Maine $320 24 Arizona 1.2%25 Illinois $319 25 Iowa 1.2%

26 Louisiana $313 26 Delaware 1.2%27 North Carolina $312 27 Kentucky 1.2%28 Ohio $309 28 Ohio 1.2%29 Iowa $303 29 Colorado 1.2%30 Utah $303 30 Vermont 1.1%

31 Vermont $294 31 West Virginia 1.1%32 Georgia $293 32 Alabama 1.1%33 Connecticut $292 33 Georgia 1.1%34 Arizona $289 34 Mississippi 1.1%35 Virginia $288 35 South Carolina 1.1%

36 Massachusetts $283 36 Arkansas 1.1%37 Pennsylvania $268 37 Oklahoma 1.1%38 Indiana $265 38 Illinois 1.1%39 Kentucky $264 39 Indiana 1.0%40 Alabama $258 40 Tennessee 1.0%

41 Tennessee $258 41 New York 1.0%42 Kansas $253 42 New Jersey 1.0%43 South Carolina $253 43 Virginia 1.0%44 Oklahoma $242 44 Kansas 1.0%45 Rhode Island $240 45 Pennsylvania 1.0%

46 West Virginia $238 46 Missouri 0.9%47 Arkansas $230 47 Texas 0.9%48 Missouri $229 48 Rhode Island 0.9%49 Texas $227 49 Massachusetts 0.8%50 Mississippi $223 50 Connecticut 0.8%51 New Hampshire $203 51 New Hampshire 0.7%


405

Table 28 State and Local Interest on General Debt, FY 2000



Income

1 Alaska $666 1 Alaska 2.4%2 New York $488 2 Hawaii 1.8%3 Hawaii $485 3 New York 1.5%4 District of Columbia $412 4 Kentucky 1.4%5 Massachusetts $401 5 Delaware 1.2%

6 Connecticut $395 6 Massachusetts 1.2%7 Delaware $361 7 Rhode Island 1.2%8 Kentucky $320 8 Pennsylvania 1.1%9 Rhode Island $319 9 District of Columbia 1.1%10 Pennsylvania $319 10 Montana 1.1%

11 New Hampshire $305 11 West Virginia 1.1%12 Illinois $293 12 Maine 1.0%13 Minnesota $276 13 Connecticut 1.0%14 Maryland $272 14 New Hampshire 1.0%15 Colorado $271 15 Wyoming 1.0%

16 Wyoming $262 16 New Mexico 1.0%17 New Jersey $261 17 North Dakota 1.0%18 Wisconsin $254 18 Illinois 1.0%19 Nevada $253 19 Louisiana 1.0%20 Maine $252 20 Oregon 1.0%

21 Oregon $250 21 Vermont 1.0%22 Virginia $245 22 Wisconsin 0.9%23 Vermont $244 23 Minnesota 0.9%24 Florida $240 24 Nevada 0.9%25 Montana $238 25 Colorado 0.9%

26 Washington $237 26 Florida 0.9%27 North Dakota $227 27 South Dakota 0.9%28 West Virginia $225 28 Maryland 0.9%29 California $223 29 Arizona 0.9%30 Texas $220 30 Texas 0.9%

31 South Dakota $218 31 Virginia 0.8%32 Michigan $216 32 South Carolina 0.8%33 Louisiana $214 33 Washington 0.8%34 New Mexico $206 34 Mississippi 0.8%35 Arizona $200 35 Utah 0.8%

36 Ohio $185 36 Michigan 0.8%37 South Carolina $183 37 Alabama 0.8%38 Kansas $176 38 New Jersey 0.8%39 Missouri $173 39 California 0.8%40 Alabama $173 40 Ohio 0.7%

41 Utah $172 41 Kansas 0.7%42 Mississippi $160 42 Missouri 0.7%43 Indiana $159 43 Oklahoma 0.7%44 North Carolina $156 44 Arkansas 0.6%45 Oklahoma $147 45 Indiana 0.6%

46 Idaho $138 46 North Carolina 0.6%47 Tennessee $138 47 Idaho 0.6%48 Arkansas $131 48 Tennessee 0.6%49 Georgia $129 49 Georgia 0.5%50 Nebraska $124 50 Iowa 0.5%51 Iowa $122 51 Nebraska 0.5%


406

Table 29 State and Local Debt Outstanding, FY 2000


Debt Per $1,000 of State Personal

Income

1 Alaska $11,575 1 Alaska $4122 New York $9,356 2 New York $2883 District of Columbia $8,849 3 Kentucky $2574 Massachusetts $8,688 4 Massachusetts $2545 Connecticut $6,899 5 Utah $253

6 Nevada $6,623 6 District of Columbia $2447 Washington $6,565 7 Hawaii $2428 Rhode Island $6,561 8 Rhode Island $2399 Hawaii $6,528 9 Nevada $23910 New Jersey $5,980 10 Washington $222

11 Pennsylvania $5,971 11 Pennsylvania $21412 Delaware $5,851 12 South Carolina $20513 Kentucky $5,795 13 New Mexico $20314 New Hampshire $5,697 14 Delaware $20215 Minnesota $5,571 15 Arizona $196

16 Utah $5,550 16 Montana $19617 Illinois $5,441 17 Maine $19118 Colorado $5,394 18 New Hampshire $19019 California $5,253 19 West Virginia $18920 Florida $4,911 20 North Dakota $187

21 Texas $4,804 21 Minnesota $18622 Wyoming $4,795 22 Texas $18623 Wisconsin $4,766 23 Florida $18524 Michigan $4,749 24 Wyoming $18325 Vermont $4,663 25 Vermont $182

26 South Carolina $4,654 26 Louisiana $18227 Arizona $4,600 27 Illinois $18128 Maine $4,585 28 Colorado $18129 Oregon $4,562 29 Connecticut $18030 Maryland $4,499 30 California $179

31 Virginia $4,457 31 South Dakota $17832 South Dakota $4,357 32 Wisconsin $17833 North Dakota $4,330 33 Oregon $17534 Montana $4,210 34 New Jersey $17435 New Mexico $4,207 35 Michigan $171

36 Louisiana $4,023 36 Alabama $16737 West Virginia $3,923 37 Virginia $15438 Nebraska $3,885 38 Mississippi $15039 Kansas $3,883 39 Kansas $14940 Alabama $3,777 40 Oklahoma $147

41 Ohio $3,707 41 Nebraska $14742 Georgia $3,658 42 North Carolina $14443 North Carolina $3,617 43 Maryland $14244 Missouri $3,447 44 Georgia $14045 Oklahoma $3,306 45 Arkansas $140

46 Indiana $3,268 46 Ohio $13847 Tennessee $3,230 47 Missouri $13448 Mississippi $2,995 48 Tennessee $13049 Arkansas $2,928 49 Indiana $12950 Idaho $2,651 50 Idaho $11951 Iowa $2,498 51 Iowa $100

National Average $5,159 National Average $187

407

Table 30 State Fiscal Capacity and Effort, FY 1997

Rank State Tax Capacity Index Rank State Tax Effort Index

1 Alaska 133 1 District of Columbia 1532 Hawaii 130 2 New York 1443 Connecticut 129 3 Minnesota 1224 Nevada 129 4 Connecticut 1215 Wyoming 125 5 Wisconsin 121

6 District of Columbia 123 6 Rhode Island 1187 Delaware 120 7 Maine 1128 California 116 8 New Jersey 1129 Colorado 115 9 Alaska 11010 New Jersey 114 10 Massachusetts 109

11 Massachusetts 112 11 Michigan 10612 New Hampshire 110 12 Washington 10513 Maryland 106 13 Pennsylvania 10414 New York 106 14 Kansas 10315 Illinois 103 15 Illinois 102

16 Minnesota 103 16 Mississippi 10217 Oregon 103 17 Ohio 10218 Vermont 101 18 Vermont 10219 Virginia 101 19 Nebraska 10120 Washington 101 20 Iowa 100

21 Arizona 100 21 Maryland 10022 Florida 98 22 West Virginia 10023 Georgia 98 23 Indiana 9924 Nebraska 98 24 Idaho 9725 Michigan 96 25 Kentucky 97

26 North Dakota 96 26 New Mexico 9727 Indiana 95 27 Oklahoma 9728 Maine 95 28 North Carolina 9629 Iowa 94 29 North Dakota 9630 Kansas 94 30 Arkansas 95

31 Ohio 94 31 Hawaii 9332 South Dakota 94 32 Missouri 9233 Missouri 93 33 Florida 9134 North Carolina 93 34 Georgia 9135 Wisconsin 93 35 Texas 91

36 Montana 92 36 Delaware 9037 Pennsylvania 92 37 South Carolina 9038 Rhode Island 92 38 Utah 9039 Utah 92 39 Louisiana 8940 Texas 91 40 Virginia 89

41 New Mexico 90 41 California 8842 Tennessee 90 42 Montana 8743 Louisiana 89 43 Oregon 8544 Idaho 87 44 Arizona 8445 Kentucky 86 45 Colorado 83

46 South Carolina 84 46 Alabama 8247 Oklahoma 83 47 Tennessee 8148 Alabama 81 48 New Hampshire 7949 Arkansas 80 49 South Dakota 7950 West Virginia 77 50 Wyoming 7751 Mississippi 71 51 Nevada 73

National Average 100 National Average 100

408

409

Sources and Explanations ECONOMIC INDICATORS Per Capita Income Personal income represents income from all sources (i.e., government and non-government). It consists of wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, proprietors' income, rental income of persons, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and transfer payments, less personal contributions for social insurance. Per capita income equals total state personal income divided by a state's population estimate from the Bureau of the Census. Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Regional Economic Information System. Web site is http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/reis//. Personal income data are also published by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis in its Survey of Current Business. Median Household Income Data for 2001 were collected from the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The survey samples about 78,000 households nationwide. Income estimates are based on money income before taxes and do not include capital gains and noncash benefits, such as food stamps. Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, Money Income in the United States: 2001, Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, Series P60, No. 218, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2002. http://www.census.gov/hhes/income/income01/statemhi.html (2001 data) and http://www.census.gov/hhes/income/histinc/h08.html (1991 data).

410

Gross State Product Gross state product (GSP) is the "market value of the goods and services attributable to labor and property located in a state. It is the state counterpart of the nation's gross domestic product" (Survey of Current Business, December 1991, page 43). The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) prepares GSP estimates on an industry-by-industry basis. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/gsp/. Poverty Rate Poverty rate represents the percentage of persons in the United States below the poverty level. The poverty rate is based on money income thresholds that increase with family size and is greater for persons under age 65 than for persons age 65 and older. Income data come from the CPS Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC). The poverty definition is based on pre-tax money income only, excluding capital gains, and does not include the value of noncash benefits, such as food stamps. These poverty statistics exclude persons living in institutions (such as jails), armed forces personnel living on military bases, and unrelated individuals under 15 years of age. Poverty thresholds are updated every year to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index. Since overall state poverty rates are based on the CPS, these rates are available on a timely basis (2001 data available in the year 2002); however, because of inadequate sample sizes, poverty rates by age and sex for each state cannot come from the CPS. Therefore, data are taken from the last decennial census of 2000, in which poverty rates are based on 1999 household incomes (see description below under poverty rate by age and sex). Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Poverty in the United States: 2001, Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, Series P60-219 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, September 2002. http://www.census.gov/income/histpov/hstpov21.lst and http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hstpov19.html.

411

Employment (the number of part-time and full-time positions) Employment data represent the number of full- and part-time positions on an industry-by-industry basis. This is not the number of persons employed. Many people have more than one job; in such cases, the number of positions will exceed the number of employed persons. The data include employers covered by unemployment insurance, military personnel, agricultural employees, and self-employed persons. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System. http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/spi/. Employment (the number of employed persons) and Unemployment Rates The number of employed persons and unemployment rates are derived from the CPS, a nationwide monthly survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). In addition, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey provides information from a sample of 390,000 establishments on non-farm wage and salary employment and other related information. Unemployed persons include people age 16 and older, excluding the military, who do not have jobs, have actively looked for work in the prior four weeks, and are available for work. The number of employed persons and unemployment rates are by state of residence. Because of larger sample sizes, in most cases, estimates of employed persons and unemployment rates for high-population states have less probability of error than do those for low-population states. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics database. DEMOGRAPHICS AND POVERTY RATES Population by Age and Sex The population data are taken from 1990 and 2000 decennial census data. Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1); http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html for 2000 data; 1990 Census Summary Tape File 1 (STF 1) for 1990 data; http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_ts=81431420666.

412

Poverty Rate by Age and Sex Poverty data are taken from the 17.7 million households that completed the long census form in the 2000 decennial census. The Census asked about 1999 household incomes to determine poverty data. Because adequate sample sizes are available only from the decennial census, the most current poverty rates available for each state by age and sex come from the 2000 decennial census. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3), http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_ts=81433558640. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER Household income data are taken from the 17.7 million households that completed the long census form in the 2000 decennial census. The Census Bureau asked respondents to report their 1999 household income. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3); http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_ts=81434332058. FISCAL AND TAX RATE DATA State and Local Revenues and Expenditures and Debt Outstanding The U.S. Bureau of the Census conducts annual surveys of state and local government finances on revenues, expenditures, debt, and assets. The data presented in this book cover major revenue and expenditure sources. For expenditure programs, such as Medicaid, figures are not reported separately and therefore are not shown separately in the handbook. In the expenditure table, payments to the federal government consist of refunds of overpayments of categorical aid or supplemental payments to the federal government to increase the basic cash grants to individuals. Long-term debt outstanding represents debt payable more than one year after the date of issue. It includes general-obligation bonds that are guaranteed by the taxing power of governments as well as non-guaranteed indebtedness, such as industrial revenue debt. Short-term debt outstanding represents interest-bearing debt payable within one year from the date of issue, such as bond anticipation notes and tax anticipation notes.

413

As for revenues, the handbook describes only general fund revenues; it does not include special revenue funds, such as utility and liquor store revenues. The data are based on fiscal years 1990 and 2000. Sources: Source for the 1990 and 2000 data is the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate00.html (2000 data, 1990 data are not available through the Internet). State and Local Tax Rates Tax rates were obtained from a telephone survey of various state and local tax officials. In addition, we reviewed annual tax rate data reported by the Federation of Tax Administrators (FTA). http://www.taxadmin.org/fta/rate/tax_stru.html. Property Tax Relief Programs Circuit breakers, homestead exemptions, homestead credits, and deferral property tax relief programs are described as follows: • Circuit breaker: Circuit breaker programs are state-financed tax credits that increase as

income decreases. The program is state financed and in most cases is targeted to low- and moderate-income homeowners and/or renters. Circuit breakers usually relieve the property tax burden by setting income thresholds (usually some percentage of income) that property taxes cannot exceed. Homeowners or renters whose property taxes are above the threshold receive a rebate of some or all of their property taxes.

• Homestead programs: Homestead exemptions are reductions in the amount of assessed

property value subject to taxation, and homestead credits are tax credits to property taxes owed. Unlike circuit breakers, they do not benefit renters. In addition, although income may be a criterion for eligibility, the amount of benefits is not related to income.

414

• Deferral programs: Property tax deferral programs allow elderly and/or disabled

homeowners to defer payment of all or a portion of their property taxes until the sale of the property or death. The deferred property taxes are a lien against the value of the home.

Source: David Baer, AARP, State Programs and Practices for Reducing Residential Property Taxes, May 2003; http://research.aarp.org/econ/2003_04_taxes.html. Tax Capacity and Tax Effort Indexes Tax capacity represents the amount of revenue each state would raise if it applied a national average set of tax rates to 27 commonly used tax bases. Since the average rate is applied for each state, a high tax capacity index means that a state has a higher aggregate tax base for a given tax and will receive more revenue than the national average. A state with a high tax capacity likely has a relatively healthier economy and will probably not be under as much pressure to raise tax rates, expand its tax base, or reduce its expenditures compared with states having relatively low tax capacities. In Table 30, this handbook provides per capita tax capacity indexes for each state. These equal the state per capita tax capacity divided by the per capita tax capacity average for all states. The average is defined as 100. A state per capita tax capacity index of 110 means a state’s per capita revenue-raising capacity is 10 percent above the national average. A low tax capacity index may suggest a relatively narrow tax base (e.g., no taxation of services) and/or a weak economic base. Tax effort represents the ratio of a state's actual tax collections to its tax capacity. High tax effort states tend to have higher tax rates compared to the national average. Tax effort is another tax burden measure, like per capita tax measures. Tax effort indexes, similar to the tax capacity index, equal each state's tax effort divided by the average tax effort for all states. The interpretation of tax effort indexes is similar to the interpretation of tax capacity indexes. For example, an index of 110 means the state's tax effort is 10 percent above the national average. One application of tax capacity and tax effort indexes can be shown using the state of Alabama as an example. For 1997, Alabama had a per capita tax capacity index of 81 and a tax effort index of 82. The per capita tax capacity index of 81 suggests that Alabama's tax base was 19 percent lower than the national average for the combined total of all 27 commonly used tax bases. When a state such as Alabama had a low per capita tax capacity index because of a narrow tax base, it may have had to raise tax rates above the national average in order to raise revenue amounts comparable to those of competing states. However, Alabama had an overall tax effort

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of only 82, suggesting that its tax rates also were low compared to the national average. The low capacity and low tax effort resulted in lower per capita revenue in Alabama compared with other states. Source: Robert Tannenwald, “Interstate Fiscal Disparity in 1997,” New England Economic Review (3rd Quarter), pages 17 - 33. PUERTO RICO Most of the data from Puerto Rico came from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, the Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board, Area of Economic and Social Planning, Bureau of Economic Analysis, as shown below. Per Capita Income Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population Social and Economic Characteristics, Puerto Rico, CP-2-53, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1989 data). Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3), http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&_program=DEC&_lang=en (1999 data). Median Household Income and Poverty Rate by Age and Sex Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population Social and Economic Characteristics, Puerto Rico, CP-2-53, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1989 data). Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3), http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&_program=DEC&_lang=en (1999 data). Employment, Unemployment Rate, and Gross Product Data Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics database for employment and unemployment data, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board for gross product data (found in Puerto Rico’s Department of the Treasury, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1999, and Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2001). .

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Population by Age and Sex Sources: Source for 1990 data is U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Economics and Statistics Administration, 1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, CP-1-53 October 1992. Source for 2000 data is U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1), http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTGeoSearchByListServlet?ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&_lang=en&_ts=81693787211. Percentage Distribution of Household Income by Age of Householder Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3). http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_ts=81694219977. General Revenue and Expenditure Data Source: Puerto Rico’s Department of the Treasury, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2001. Tax Data Sources: Income tax data came from the 2002 income tax booklet and instructions from Puerto Rico’s Department of the Treasury. VIRGIN ISLANDS Most of the data came from the Virgin Island’s Department of Economic Development and Agriculture, U.S. Bureau of Economic Research, and the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Per Capita Income Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population Social and Economic Characteristics, Virgin Islands of the United States, 1990 CP-2-55, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1989 data). Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Virgin Islands Summary File (1999 data), http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_ts=81097396310.

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Median Household Income and Poverty Rate Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population Social and Economic Characteristics, Virgin Islands of the United States, 1990 CP-2-55, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1989 data). Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Virgin Islands Summary File (1999 data), http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_ts=81097396310. Employment, Unemployment Rate, and Gross Product Data Source: Virgin Island’s Bureau of Economic Research, Office of the Governor. http://www.usviber.org. Population by Age and Sex Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Economics and Statistics Administration, 1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, CP-1-55, September 1992 (1990 data). Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_ts=81097396310. Percentage Distribution of Household Income by Age of Householder Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_ts=81097396310. Revenue Data Source: Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research, U.S. Virgin Islands Government Development Bank. Tax Data Sources: U.S. Internal Revenue Service (income tax data) and the Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue (miscellaneous tax data).

Table 1 Per Capita Income...Rank State Per Capita Income Rank State Average Annual Change, 1991-2001...

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Transcript of Table 1 Per Capita Income...Rank State Per Capita Income Rank State Average Annual Change, 1991-2001...