T8 OHP and Transparencies Final 090113

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EDU3105 T8 - OHP AND TRANSPARENCIES TOPIC 8 OVER HEAD PROJECTOR (OHP) AND TRANSPARENCIES SYNOPSIS This topic describes the learning activities associated with the parts and functions of the OHP and manner of its operation. Similarly, an explanation of the advantages and disadvantages is described together with the use of OHP. The title is also expressed on some types of transparencies and preparation technique and good performances. Similarly, the use of playback screen discussed together. LEARNING OUTCOMES By going through the learning activities of this topic, hopefully you will be able to: i. know and understand the parts and functions of the OHP ii. Understand the proper operation of OHP iii. list the advantages and disadvantages of using OHP iv. understand the types of transparencies v. learn preparation techniques and transparencies presentation vi. understand variety of screen view and use TOPIC FRAMEWORK 8.1 Parts and Functions Overhead Projector 1

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EDU topic 8

Transcript of T8 OHP and Transparencies Final 090113

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EDU3105 T8 - OHP AND TRANSPARENCIES

TOPIC 8 OVER HEAD PROJECTOR (OHP) AND TRANSPARENCIES

SYNOPSIS

This topic describes the learning activities associated with the parts and functions of

the OHP and manner of its operation. Similarly, an explanation of the advantages

and disadvantages is described together with the use of OHP. The title is also

expressed on some types of transparencies and preparation technique and good

performances. Similarly, the use of playback screen discussed together.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

By going through the learning activities of this topic, hopefully you will be able to:

i. know and understand the parts and functions of the OHP

ii. Understand the proper operation of OHP

iii. list the advantages and disadvantages of using OHP

iv. understand the types of transparencies

v. learn preparation techniques and transparencies presentation

vi. understand variety of screen view and use

TOPIC FRAMEWORK

8.1 Parts and Functions Overhead Projector

8.2 Handling OHP

8.3 Types of Transparencies

8.4 Techniques for the Preparation and Transparencies Presentation

8.5 Projection screen

8.6 Presentation Using Projection screen

Introduction

Transparency is the medium that is similar to a slide which is classified as teaching

aids in the form of projection view. It requires a machine running at top-level (Over

Head Projector - OHP) for projecting images from transparency to white screen

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(white screen) in a bigger size. Its use is more effective for teachers to convey

teaching contents when compared with print and stationary aids. It is very effectively

used to clarify things "out of context", concepts, facts, data and visual information.

8.1 Parts and Functions of transparency Projector

Transparency projector is a visual tool that can be used in a normal classroom. This

projector is a teaching aid in achieving more effective teaching, where the students

will be taught in a way to see and hear.

Diagram 1 : Transparency Projector

Source : Sharifah Alwiah Alsagoff (1992)

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8.2.1 Transparency Projector handling guide

a. Make sure you properly understand the make / brand and functions of

projector parts you are using. This may vary from one device to another

device.

b. You must learn to detect damage to the bulbs so that they can be fixed.

Be careful when replacing the bulb. Do not touch it with bare hand because

the bulb can be easily damaged.

c. Clean the mirror plate inside the projector occasionally.

d. Project the image to the wall or a white cloth if there is no screen.

e. The transparency Projector unit should be moved using a trolley for easy

transfer from one place to another. Switch off the power before moving.

f. For a good display, the following must be observed:

i. Screen width of 1.5 m for a room for 40 people

ii. Screen is not glossy

iii. Getting a little light

iv. Put at the height of 70 cm from the floor

v. Tilt 45 degrees to avoid the effects of distortion (keystone)

vi. Make sure the screen is upright

vii. Do not block by users so that can be seen by all students.

viii. All writings and drawings must be in accordance with the appropriate size.

ix. Use a straight pointed indicator and show something on transparency

rather than on the image on the screen.

8.2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of using OHP

Advantages of the Use of OHP transparencies are as follows:

a. In the process of delivering instruction, teachers can incorporate the use of

the blackboard, and oral presentation.

b. Pictures or images of transparencies can be screened without switch of the

light..

c. Transparency can be used repeatedly and delivery can be done in a more

organized and systematic manner.

d. Teachers deal with students or audience during delivery. This will help

teacher to have easy control.

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e. Transparency is easy to use, cleaner than with the use of blackboard and

chalk.

f. Use OHP and transparency will make teaching and learning more effective.

Comments and new information can be added in the diagram or in pictures

that are available in transparency;

i. using color, illustration and animation.

ii. images or pictures can be blown out or reduced according to the needs of

pupils.

iii. save time and speed up the delivery.

g. OHP projector can be easily handled and teachers do not need in-depth

technical knowledge to use it.

h. By using transparencies, teachers are able to deliver relevant information and

facts in a systematic manner.

8.3 Types of transparencies

8.3.1 write- oni. made of ‘acetate’ and ‘polyester’

ii. Has 3 levels of thickness 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm and 0.12 mm. General

purpose transparencies commonly use 0.1 mm thick.

iii. Transparency has two sizes of 260 mm x 260 mm and DIN A4 (210

mm x 297 mm)

iv. Using water-based pen or spirits based pen.

8.3.2 Thermal (infra-red)

a. Processed by 'Transparency Maker’ machines

b. Have different background and color as "Black On Clear '(black image with

clear background.), 'Black On Color' (black image with colored background),

'Color On Clear' (colored image with clear background)

c. Carbon-based Materials such as news paper cuttings, 2B pencil, dust based

photocopying materials, and laser printer dust based print from.

d. thermal transparencies preparation guide as follows:

i. Rotate the adjustable knob to the number 3 to 6 so that the picture

produced will be clear.

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ii. Place the base material under thermal transparencies where the

notches in the top right corner at the top.

iii. iii. Insert base and thermal material into the machine 'maker'

Transparency 'and let the machine suck up the image of material

transferred to the transparent base material.

Diagram 2 : Proses Thermal process (Insfra-red)

Source : Sharifah Alwiah Alsagoff (1992)

8.3.3 Photocopying

a. Processed using a photocopy machine (plain paper Copier)

b. Base material is placed at the top of the mirror and put transparencies in the

tray as as making a photocopy.

c. Picture color or black colored pictures can be transferred but will be black and

white.

8.3.4 Ink-jet Film

Ink-jet Film can be used directly on ink-jet printers such as Canon and Epson

printers. Base material can be prepared by using a computer and copy

direction as you make on paper copiers.

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8.4 Techniques for the Preparation and Presentation Transparencies

8.4.1 Production Techniques Transparency

a. Write-on technique

All documents written or drawn together by hand or machine directly

on transparency film. The transparencies is broadcast directly to the

audience.

b. window technique

Have several windows that cover certain parts of the surface of

transparencies. When used, the windows will be opened one by one

like the home window to display the contents or images.

Diagram 3 : window technique

Source : Razali Nor (1996)

c. Striped techniques

This techniques have bands either horizontally or vertically. It’s

opened only one way not as open windows technique in both

directions. Only 3 to 4 strips in a transparency.

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d. Overlapping techniques (layered)

Consists of films that are placed directly on the basis of a fixed frame

and some additional film placed on the sides of the frame.

Diagram 4 : Overlapping techniques

Source : Razali Nor (1996)

e. Round technique

It seeks disclosure of or part by part to reveal anything needed. It can

be made in the cover inserts (vertical, horizontal or diagonal or

rounded cap. Spherical cap can be made by means of a pinned in the

middle.

f. Animation techniques

It uses plastic sheets polarising fixed upon certain parts of the image

that is on the transparencies. During use of the device is placed on the

lens polariser OHP bay. The image will appear to move when the

image is pulled or moved.

Activity 1

Do you know the types of transparencies used? Navigate the Internet to identify other

types of transparencies. List down types of transparencies and their characteristics.

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8.4.2 Transparency Preparation Principles

i. Plan appropriate methods or techniques before starting to make

transparency with existing equipment.ii.

ii. Analysis of the information to be communicated carefully in terms of

use, objectives and content.

iii. Determine the presentation format. Longitudinal or vertical format.

Avoid obscure format

i. Make sure each creation (graphics, statements) are within 2 cm from

the edge of the transparent material.

ii. Clarity of alphabets depending on the type, size, spacing between

letters and spacing between rows.

iii. The smallest image on the screen should be 2:56 cm in height for

every 8 meters distance display.

iv. Use a larger font for headings and sub-headings.

x. Restrict writing between 6 and 7 lines in a piece of transparency.

xi. Use 7 to 10 words on every sentence.

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8.5 Playback screenPlayback screen is another key requirement for using the playback media. There are

two categories projection screen with media. The first category is translucent screen

which is rear screen. This type of screen view on both sides. Spectators can watch

from the back and from the front of the screen. The second category is the front

viewing screen, often used in schools. Playback screen is made up of several types

of surface reflection. It varies in size, materials and functions. There are those who

use some form of electric and manual.

Playback screen type frequently used in schools consist of the following types of

playback screen:

8.5.1 Matt type playback screen

This type of screen consist of thick cloth or canvas with white and smooth surface.

This type of screen reflect light much less than the other screen. Matt screen view

type is suitable for use in rooms that are short and wide.

8.5.2 “Silver Matelled” type screen

"Silver Matelled" screen is the best kind of screen compared with others. It is

capable of giving a good reverse light and has good quality projection image.

Diagram 5: Mattelled type screen

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8.5.3 “Glass Beaded” type screen

“glass beaded" screen type gives much brighter picture or image than Matt type

screen. White surface is sprayed with glass powder that closely resemble sandpaper.

Many are used for brighter light like glass when exposed to light. This type of screen

can be used in a narrow and long room.

Diagram 6: Glass Beaded type screen

Activity 2

Preparation of a transparency will affect the teaching and learning session. What are

the factors to be taken into account when transparency is prepared? With word

processing software, make a note of these factors in the form of mind map. You can

refer to the books or the Internet to help you. Save your files.

8.6 Presentation using playback screen

The majority of schools hang playback screen on blackboard. Even though this

location is good for the "viewing angle" but that makes it difficult for teachers to use

and write information on the board when needed. Teachers will open the screen

when required and will close it back when he wanted to use the blackboard to record

information. This will continue throughout the lesson and can disrupt the smooth

delivery. The most ideal location of the screen is at the right side of the teacher in the

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classroom. This facilitates the movement of teachers to use the OHP and record the

information on the chalkboard and vice versa without opening or closing the screen.

Playback screen placement are also placed on a higher level and not at right angles

to its image which will be create distortion known as "keystone effect" (keystone

effect), which makes viewing distorted. "keystone effect" can be corrected by

ensuring that the on-screen display image view is at right angle.

Diagram 7: Keystone effect

To ensure that the students good view apart from correcting the "keystone effect",

the playback screen position must also be at an appropriate distance. General

standard formula that can be used on remote screen view with the audience is at the

rate of 2-8T playback screen size. This means that viewers who are on the front line

should preferably be not less than 2 times the size of the screen. If the screen is 2.5

meter high viewers in the front row should preferably be at the distance of 5 meters

away.

So is the audience at the back row, the standard distance at a rate 8 times higher

than the size of playback screen. This means that the distance between the screen

and the audience in the back row are preferably at a distance of 20 meters.

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Practical

There are a variety of techniques in transparency preparation based on the principles

of graphics. Based on a topic of classroom teaching produce one type of

transparency that you have learned. Discuss the techniques you choose during the

tutorial.

SUMMARY

Using transparency in the process of teaching and learning is another approach that

helps teachers deliver information and knowledge through visuals. By using OHP and

transparencies teaching and learning process become more effective. Teachers can

use color, animation and illustrations in a realistic way. Facts, information and

knowledge at stages can also be delivered in an organized and systematic manner.

Exercise

Answer all question:

1. Information or knowledge that describes the procedure or process chain will be

more effective if delivered through medium of

A. Single transparency

B. Overlay transparency

C. Masking transparency

D. Colour transparency

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2. Single Transparency generally contains

A. concept of differentiation

B. combination of text and pictures

C. concepts in continuity

D. a single concept

3. Here are the common mistakes people make when using transparencies except

A. Using serif font

B. Too much information to be displayed

C. Using beautiful decorative font on the transparency

D. Using 7 words in a row on the transparency

Exercise (Structured Questions)

1. State 4 types of transparencies and 5 techniques of transparencies preparation

2. Describe four advantages of using Over Head Projector (OHP)

Exercise (Essay Questions)

1. What is the relationship between mass media, educational media and

electronic media?

2. To what extent the method of image grow and shrink with the grid,

transparent and photocopy assist you in building charts?

3. You are to produce transparencies for the topic animal reproductive

processes. Describe four transparency preparation techniques.

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REFERENCES

Mohd Jizat Abdol,Abdul Razak Idris & Jessnor Elmy (2006). Teknologi pengajaran

dan pembelajaran. UTM.

Norasiah Abdullah, Nor Risah Jamilah Mat Lazim & Rosnah Ahmad Zain (2009).

Teknologi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Puchong: Penerbitan

Multimedia.

Noriati A.Rashid, et. al. (2009). Teknologi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Shah

Alam: Oxford Fajar.

Jamalluddin Harun & Zaidatun Tasir (2006). Teknologi dan rekabentuk grafik digital.

Kuala Lumpur: Venton Publishing.

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