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Harvard undergraduates have been going to Japan for internships for 20 years. They have beenpursuing language study and thesis research in Japan for even longer. But until recently, moststudents interested in Japan have come from concentrations in the humanities and social sciences.However, two programs supported by the Reischauer Institute (RI) create opportunities for scienceconcentrators to gain experience in world-class Japanese laboratories, such that science concentra-tors are the fastest growing subset of students spending time in Japan with RI support.

The largest Harvard program in Japan specifically aimed at science concentrators is the HarvardSummer School (HSS) Program at the RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) near Tokyo. Startedtwo years ago by Takao K. Hensch, Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology, FAS, andProfessor of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, the HSS Program at RIKEN BSI sends five toseven undergraduates to Japan for an intensive 10-week summer program in the lab.

This intensive neuroscience program comprises two parts: independent laboratory research and alecture course. Students work alongside top researchers and technicians from Japan and elsewhereon cutting-edge brain research in RIKEN BSI’s four core research areas: mind and intelligence,neural circuit function, disease mechanism, and advanced technology development. Students inthis program earn two biological life science course credits, and they may also take a noncreditcourse in introductory Japanese.

Science, Japan, and Harvard:A Growing Interest

Did you know...• RI funded or facilitated the travel to Japan

of 84 Harvard College students, from 22concentrations, in 2007-08 and Summer 2008.Among this group 33% were concentratorsin math, the sciences, or engineering.

• 35 Harvard College students held SummerInternships in fields from finance to baseball,from brain science to anime.

• Last year RI gave 54 awards to Harvardgraduate students for dissertation completion,summer language study, research in Japanand conference attendance.

• RI facilitates graduate student researchand professional development, supporting 8Graduate Student Associates in residence.

• Harvard has 33 Japanese studies faculty,making it one of the largest Japanese studiescenters in the world. Last year, there were70 courses on Japan or with major contenton Japan.

• Last year RI organized and/or supportedover 65 seminars, collaborative study projects,workshops, conferences, symposia, andresearch projects.

• RI has 181 scholars and experts on Japanin the greater New England community asRI Associates in Research.

EDWIN O. REISCHAUER INSTITUTE OF JAPANESE STUDIESHARVARD UNIVERSITY REpORTS

continued on page 6

From fall 2007 through summer 2008, 84 Harvardundergraduates went to Japan—more than everbefore. And a surprising feature of this growthwas that one-third of those students werescience concentrators.

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From the Director

EDWIN O. REISCHAUERINSTITUTE OF JAPANESE STUDIES

Center for Government & International Studies

South Building

Harvard University

1730 Cambridge Street

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

P 617.495.3220 F 617.496.8083

rijs@fas.harvard.eduwww.fas.harvard.edu/~rijs

© 2008 President and Fellows of Harvard College

RE I SChAUERREpORTS2

narrated by Asakura showing her at work—gathering plants to make the dyes, coloring thesilk thread, and weaving the threads together ona large hand loom to create designs that arestriking for their texture as well as their color.

More than 220 guests celebrated the exhibition’sopening on September 18 at the fall receptionhosted jointly by the Reischauer Institute andthe Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. On displaythrough November 21, the tapestry exhibit,which made its North American debut at theJapan Society Gallery in New York before comingto Harvard, moves on to the Morikami Museumin Delray Beach, Florida, and the AmericanInstitute of Architects Headquarters Galleryin Washington, DC.

More information is available at:www.asakuraexhibition.net/english/artist

I Listen to the Voice of the ThreadYarn is the flow of timeColor speaks the shapeI feel the life of the threadI extend my handTo create the shape that is spoken

MITSUKO ASAKURA

Tapestry Exhibit on theJapan Friends of Harvard Concourse

In September, the walls of the CGIS SouthBuilding burst into bloom with an exhibitionof exquisite silk tapestries by Kyoto-basedartist Mitsuko Asakura. Hosted by theReischauer Institute with the NationalAssociation of Japan-America Societies andthe Japan Society of Boston, the exhibit isentitled “Mitsuko Asakura—Tapestry InArchitecture, Creating Human Spaces,”expressing the artist’s desire to impact theordinary environments where people live andwork. The exhibit is accompanied by a DVD

Ongoing Exhibit

Dear Friends,This issue of Tsushin highlights RI’s recent efforts to build its connections with Harvard’s sciencecommunity and to create opportunities for undergraduate science concentrators to experience Japan.

Five years ago, the great majority of RI-sponsored undergraduates who traveled to Japan were EastAsian Studies concentrators. Today, with RI sponsoring the travel to Japan of some 85 undergradsfor research, study, or internships each year, 33% are in the sciences and engineering.

Why this change? One answer is the leadership provided by Takao K. Hensch, Professor of Molecularand Cellular Biology in FAS and Professor of Neurology at the Children’s Hospital, who, supportedby RI, now offers life science concentrators the chance to take part in cutting edge research inlaboratories at two facilities of the renowned RIKEN—its Brain Science Institute in Tokyo and itsCenter for Allergy and Immunology in Yokohama. Similarly, John M. Doyle, Professor of Physics,is working to give students lab opportunities in his field.

Apart from these faculty-led efforts, however, the pull of Japan for science students has intensified.RI’s Summer Internship Program is a particular draw. Spurred by the growing emphasis at Harvardin making an SIE (Significant International Experience) a part of every undergrad’s education, sciencestudents today look for intriguing places where they can gain state-of-the-art knowledge in fields thatengage them. Tokyo, a cosmopolitan metropolis with a track record in scientific and technologicalinnovation and an intriguing youth culture, thus holds great attractions. The buzz on RI’s internshipprogram helps; last summer’s 35 interns gave their overall experience in Japan a rating of 4.7 on a 5.0scale. Harvard Summer School Japan on the campus of Waseda University in Tokyo also draws highmarks from students and attracts science concentrators.

RI’s ties with the science community on campus and internationally are deepening in other waysas well. Last year, for example, Michael R. Reich, Harvard School of Public Health, spearheaded afaculty project designed to develop policy ideas for global action on health systems, working closelywith a counterpart group in Japan. Coordinating the binational effort was Keizo Takemi, a formerparliamentarian who spent last year in the Program on U.S.-Japan Relations of the WeatherheadCenter for International Affairs. The faculty group’s work contributed significantly to the launchby Japan of a global action plan on health at the G-8 Summit in Hokkaido in July.

We look forward to future forms of collaboration in the sciences.

SUSAN J. PHARR, DIRECTOR

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ABÉ MARKUS NORNESEdwin O. Reischauer VisitingProfessor of Japanese Studies,Dept. of East Asian Languages andCivilizations and Dept. of Visualand Environmental Studies

Abé Markus Nornes is Professor of Asian Cinemain both the Department of Screen Arts and Culturesand the Department of Asian Languages andCultures at the University of Michigan, where hespecializes in Japanese film and documentary. Heis the author of many books, most recently CinemaBabel (Minnesota), a theoretical and historical lookat the role of translation in film history. His articleshave appeared in edited volumes and journals,and he has co-edited numerous monographs andretrospective catalogues. He has been co-ownerof the internet newsgroup KineJapan since itsinception. His Research Guide to Japanese Cinema,co-authored with Aaron Gerow, Yale, is forthcomingfrom the University of Michigan. He is currentlyediting a volume on theJapanese pink film,co-editing a major collectionof Japanese film theory(with Aaron Gerow), andwriting a biography ofDonald Richie.

Courses: Japanese Cinema;The Pacific War Through Film

DAVID ODOVisiting Lecturer of Anthropology, Dept. ofAnthropology & Visiting Curator, Peabody Museumof Archaeology and Ethnology

David Odo received his D.Phil. in Social andCultural Anthropology from the University of Oxford.His work uses the critical examination of visualobjects, especially in regard to photographicpractice and consumption, to explore shifting defi-nitions of “Japaneseness,” Japanese colonialism,modernity, and tourism. His research and teachinginterests also include material anthropology andmuseum studies. He recently curated “A GoodType: Science and Tourism in Early Photographs ofJapan” at the Peabody Museum. He is working ona manuscript based on his doctoral research in the

Ogasawara Islands, home to a culturally diversepopulation with origins that pre-date Japanesesettlement. His publications include “BeyondViews and Types: reconsidering early photographsof Japan” (Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, forthcoming),and “Photography in Colonial Asia,” Special Issueof International Institute for Asian StudiesNewsletter (guest editor and introductory essay)(Summer 2007).

Courses: Museum Anthropology: Thinking withObjects; Visual and Material Culture of Japan;Material Images: The Anthropology of Photography

KEN TADASHI OSHIMAVisiting Assistant Professor in Architecture, Dept.of Architecture, Graduate School of Design

Ken Tadashi Oshima earned his Ph.D. in architectur-al history and theory from Columbia University,and, after two years as a Robert and Lisa SainsburyFellow at the Sainsbury Institute for the Study ofJapanese Arts and Cultures in London, has beenan assistant professor in the Department ofArchitecture at the University of Washington since2005. He is an author for the Museum of ModernArt Exhibition Home Delivery (2008), curator of theexhibition “SANAA: Beyond Borders” (Henry ArtGallery 2007-8), and co-curator of “Crafting aModern World: The Architecture and Design ofAntonin and Noemi Raymond.” As an editor andcontributor to Architecture + Urbanism, he co-authored the two-volume special issue, Visionsof the Real: Modern Houses in the 20th Century(2000). Dr. Oshima’s forthcoming publicationsinclude a monograph on Arata Isozaki (Phaidon,2008) and Constructing Kokusai Kenchiku:International Architecture in Interwar Japan(U.W. Press, 2009).

Course: Visions of the Japanese House

ETHAN I. SEGALVisiting Assistant Professor ofJapanese History, Dept. of EastAsian Languages and Civilizations

Ethan I. Segal is an assistant professor in theHistory Department at Michigan State University.He was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of

Tokyo and earned his Ph.D. in East Asian History atStanford University. His forthcoming book, Coins,Trade, and the State: Economic Growth in EarlyMedieval Japan, highlights the ways in which theincreasingly monetized economy of the twelfth,thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries paralleled andcontributed to shifts in political and social power inmedieval Japan. He has presented and publishedon topics including proto-nationalism in pre-modernEast Asia, images of Japan and the Japanese inmodern film, and the 2001 Japanese textbookcontroversy. In 2006 he was awarded a prestigiousLilly Teaching Fellowship. His most recent researchproject is an exploration of gender in earlymedieval warrior society.

Courses: Ancient and Medieval Japan; Readingsin Pre-Meiji History; Introduction to Heian andMedieval Historical Sources; Japan: Traditionand Transformation.

MELISSA WENDERVisiting Lecturer on JapaneseStudies, Dept. of East AsianLanguages and Civilizations

Melissa Wender graduated from the Departmentof East Asian Languages and Civilizations atHarvard University in 1989, and received her Ph.D.from the University of Chicago in 1999. She was aPostdoctoral Associate at the Yale Council onEast Asian Studies in 2002-03 and has served asassistant professor at Bates College and visitingassistant professor at Tufts University. She hastaught courses on literature, popular culture, film,and minority identity. Her first book, Lamentationas History: Narratives by Koreans in Japan, 1965-2000, was published in 2005 by Stanford UniversityPress. She has edited a collection of translations byKorean Japanese that is currently under review bythe University of Hawai’i Press. Her latest projectis on women, literature, and war memory.

Courses: Modern Japanese Literature; Re-WritingModern Japanese Literature: A Seminar inTranslation

2008-09 Visiting Faculty

Ezra F. Vogel HonoredEzra F. Vogel, Ph.D. ’58, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences Emeritus, has beenawarded the 2008 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Centennial Medal honoring alumniwho have made significant contributions to society that emerged from their graduate studyat Harvard. The medal was first awarded in 1989 on the occasion of the school’s hundredthanniversary. The citation for Professor Vogel read: “For being America’s scholarly ambassadorto both China and Japan, helping to bring together the public and private domains of Eastand West, and for your unique pedagogical talents which have inspired generations ofstudents, we honor you today.”

Photo: Ezra F. Vogel (right) with Allan M. Brandt, Dean, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Professor of the History of Science,FAS; and Amalie Moses Kass Professor of the History of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

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2008-09 RI VisitingScholarsAtsushi HyodoSenshu UniversityLabor Unions in Japan

Yongdo KimHosei UniversityComparative Study of Manufacturing Industriesin the U.S. and Japan

Keigo KomamuraKeio UniversityBirth of the Japanese Constitution and its Revisionfrom the Perspective of U.S.-Japan Relations

Nobuhiro NishitakatsujiKokugakuin University and DaizaifuTenmangu ShrineShinto in History, Art, and Cultural Activities

Keikichi OhamaWaseda UniversityJudicial Review of Administrative Agency Actions

Tomoko OkagakiNational Institute for Defense Studies,Japan Ministry of DefenseJapan and the Institutionalization of the SovereignState System

Sumiko TakaokaSeikei UniversityRole of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systemsin the U.S. and Japan

Kiyotaka UzakiOita UniversityRole of Innovation on Corporate Values in theU.S. and Japan

2008-09 RI GraduateStudent AssociatesRaja AdalHistoryArt Education in Egyptian and JapaneseGovernment Schools, 1870-1950

Mikael BauerEast Asian Languages and Civilizations (EALC)Japanese and Chinese Buddhism in premodern Japan

Sarah KashaniAnthropologyJapanese-Korean postcolonial relations; TransnationalIdentity and Popular Culture in Japan

Kyong-Mi KwonEALCEarly Twentieth Century Ch’unhyang chon adaptationsin Colonial Korea

Regan MurphyReligionBuddhism and Kokugaku during the TokugawaPeriod (1600-1868)

Andrea MurrayAnthropologySustainable Tourism Development, EnvironmentalEducation and Politics of Climate Change in Okinawa

Hiromu NagaharaHistoryPopular Music in Japan, 1930-1950

Jeremy YellenHistoryGreater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere inWorld War II

Jonathan E. Abel, Ph.D.Princeton University, 2005

Dr. Jonathan Abel earned his Ph.D. in ComparativeLiterature at Princeton University in 2005. He wasPostdoctoral Fellow at Columbia University’sWeatherhead East Asian Institute in 2005-2006 andmost recently taught as an Assistant Professor inthe Department of German, Russian, and East AsianLanguages at Bowling Green State University. Heis currently Assistant Professor in the Departmentof Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania StateUniversity. His translation of Azuma Hiroki’s Otaku:Japan’s Database Animals will be published byUniversity of Minnesota Press in late 2008.

While he is at the Reischauer Institute, Dr. Abelwill focus on his current book project, “ArchivingCensors: The Preservation and Production of BannedJapanese Discourse, 1923-1976,” which centers onthe interaction between the institutions that storebooks and those that seek to suppress them.

Chelsea H. Foxwell, Ph.D.Columbia University, 2008

Dr. Chelsea Foxwell earned her B.A. at HarvardCollege in 1999, after which she spent 2 yearsresearching art history at Tokyo National Universityof Fine Arts and Music. She then completed herPh.D. (2008) at Columbia University’s Departmentof Art History and Archaeology, and will beginteaching at the University of Chicago in the fallof 2009.

Dr. Foxwell is primarily interested in the relationshipbetween audience and art in Japan during theEdo and Meiji periods. In the coming months, shewill expand the scope of her dissertation, “KanoHogai (1828-1888) and the Making of the ModernJapanese Painting,” to include an examination of theinfluence of American Ernest Fenollosa’s (1853-1908)painting collection on artists such as Hogai. Herproject also investigates how changing socialand artistic practices engendered a modern“Japanese-style painting: Nihonga.

Ayu Majima, Ph.D.International Christian University, 2004

Dr. Ayu Majima specializes in the socio-culturalhistory of modern Japan and the comparativehistory of bodily culture. Dr. Majima received herM.A. (2002) and her Ph.D. (2004) from InternationalChristian University (ICU) in Tokyo. Her dissertation,“Physical Beauty and Racial Consciousness amongElites in Modern Japan: 1853-1926,” examinesthe historical development of racial consciousnessand the construction of racial identity amongJapanese male elites.

From 2004-2007, Dr. Majima divided her time amongthree roles: postdoctoral fellow at the Japan Societyfor the Promotion of Science in Kyoto, part-time

lecturer in Japanese history at Hosei University,and research fellow for the Institute of AsianCultural Studies at ICU. Her current research focuseson the comparative history of athlete’s foot and itsproblematization in Japan and the U.S.

Trent E. Maxey, Ph.D.Cornell University, 2005

Dr. Trent Maxey spent a year at Kyoto Universitybefore receiving his B.A. from NorthwesternUniversity in History and Philosophy in 1998. Heearned his M.A. in modern Japanese history fromCornell University in 2001, and his Ph.D. in thesame field in 2005. He has been assistant professorof Japanese history at Amherst College sincethe fall of 2005.

His dissertation, “The ‘Greatest Problem’: thePolitics and Diplomacy of Religion in Meiji Japan,1868-1884” relates the adoption of “religion” as anorganizing discursive and regulatory category to thestate-formation process in Meiji Japan. Dr. Maxey’scurrent research expands the reach of his disserta-tion to the parliamentary politics of the 1890s,particularly the General Religion Bill of 1899.

Jun Uchida, Ph.D.Harvard University, 2005

Dr. Jun Uchida completed her Ph.D. at HarvardUniversity in 2005, and, after conducting a year ofadditional research as a junior fellow of the HarvardAcademy for International and Area Studies, shejoined the History Department at Stanford Universityas an assistant professor in 2006.

Dr. Uchida is currently preparing a book manuscriptentitled Brokers of Empire: Japanese SettlerColonialism in Korea, 1876-1945, which tells thestory of Japanese settlers in colonial Korea. Thebook illustrates the informal conduits of power thatdrove colonialism on the ground and the complexdynamics of cross-cultural encounter betweenJapanese and Koreans. Dr. Uchida is also examiningthe history of decolonization, from the dismantlingof colonial authority on the Korean peninsula to thedrawn-out process of repatriation and the politicsof memory in postwar Japan.

2008-09 Reischauer InstitutePostdoctoral Fellows

From left: Trent Maxey, Ayu Majima, Chelsea Foxwell,Jun Uchida, and Jonathan Abel

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Second Year in Japan

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arvard summer school continued for the second year with two programs in Japan. In 2008 the HSSJ

program at Waseda University, Tokyo brought 23 students from 10 different concentrations together for

six weeks of intensive study of Japanese culture and history. The 2008 HSSJ program at RIKEN Brain Science

Institute (RIKEN BSI) afforded similar exposure for neurobiology concentrators in a lab complex in Saitama Prefecture.

Harvard students searching for SIE (Significant International Experience) are discovering opportunities in Japan.

Most of the students who travel to Japan through the Harvard Summer School (HSS) have no prior Japan experience;

the overarching goal is to support interest in Japan among students who are exploring their possible interest in

Japanese history, culture, and society.

Though no language course is required in either HSSJ program, students at both venues may take

non-credit “survival Japanese” courses to help them navigate the experience. The HSSJ Waseda

students also report receiving valuable language instruction from their host families. In the labs at

RIKEN BSI, students interact with neuroscientists from all over the world, and the labs use English as

their working language.

HSSJ (Waseda) is open to students from both the U.S. and abroad and to Japanese students from

Waseda University. The 2008 session featured two popular Core courses: “Tokyo,” taught by Professor

Theodore C. Bestor (Harvard, Anthropology) and “Constructing the Samurai,” taught by Professor Mikael

Adolphson (University of Alberta, East Asian Studies). Professor Bestor’s course draws naturally on the

city, and every waking minute can be a learning experience for the students. Professor Adolphson’s

course taught students to recognize the myth and reality of samurai from their early origins through

modern Japan. These courses complemented each other well, with the materials from one course often

enhancing the other.

SONIA COMAN, HISTORY OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE ’11 said “that the combination of the two courses taken this

summer has resulted in one of my best academic experiences at Harvard. [Also], besides the practice of Japanese

language, my host family helped me [attain] a close understanding of Japanese culture and society…”

At RIKEN BSI, JOSEPH STUJENSKE, NEUROBIOLOGY ’10 deemed his summer experience “surprising both scientif-

ically and culturally…[My] trips beyond the walls of RIKEN were formative in my true appreciation of Japan and

its people. From the secretary of my lab gently teasing me for putting soy sauce in my rice to the odd looks of

passengers on the subway when I was eating a sandwich, my experiences taught me much about what to do and

especially what not to do in Japan.”

The Reischauer Institute continues its efforts to support new student interest in Japan through programs such as

HSSJ at Waseda and RIKEN BSI, especially for students who have not traditionally had opportunities to go to Japan

or to study Japanese language and culture.

HARVARD SUMMER SCHOOL

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Professor Wesley Jacobsen (second from left) prepares to guide students’ascent up Mt. Fuji.

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Seminars and scientific meetings at RIKENBSI are conducted in English, but once offcampus students are fully immersed in typicaldaily Japanese life with easy access by subwayto Tokyo. Students are housed on the RIKENcampus in furnished studio apartments withhigh-speed Internet, satellite television, akitchen, and a bathroom. As word of thisopportunity spreads, applications for theprogram are increasing each year.

A second program allows science concentra-tors to spend eight weeks or more as internsin Japan working in a laboratory or otherscience-related environment. The internshipprogram does not offer course credit, but RIprovides grants to support students pursuingthis experience, and housing is usuallyprovided by the host laboratory or researchcenter. In 2008 four students interned inlabs at the RIKEN Center for Allergy andImmunology in Yokohama and the RIKENCenter for Developmental Biology in Kobe.Undergraduate science concentrators also heldinternships at Keio University School ofMedicine, Keio University’s nanotechnologylab, Tokyo University of Science, and atSanyukai, an organization that assists thehomeless.

The final reports from these studentsreflect how deeply the internship experienceaffected them, intellectually and culturally.SHIV GAGLANI, ENGINEERING SCIENCES ’10

who interned in the Keio nanotechnology

lab, reported, “The goal of my project wasto fabricate single-atom thick wires for use asquantum bits (qubits) in a future quantumcomputer. I used scanning tunnelingmicroscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and polishing to make nanometer-sized steps in silicon wafers. By depositingatoms a few at a time adjacent to thesenanometer-sized step edges, we were able togrow wires that were only one atom wide.”

In addition to the hands-on participationin cutting edge research in the lab, the addedcultural component makes the reportedexperience truly striking. Shiv Gaglanifurther wrote:

“I did not realize how hierarchical Japaneselaboratories can be. For example, undergradu-ates typically only start research as seniors.[Thus], while progress on my specific projectwas slow, I still achieved my main goal,[which] was to learn about nanotechnologyand practice techniques that I may be usingfor my thesis research at Harvard. Myprofessor in the lab was a famous researcherin the field of semiconductors and isotopeengineering, and he was, in fact,…friendswith my Harvard physics professor. I oncejoked with him and said ‘it’s a small worldin nanotechnology’ (pun intended).”

All Harvard undergraduates going to Japanon these programs participated in a pre-departure orientation. They also relied on

RI’s summer internship coordinator, JeffreyKurashige, Ph.D. candidate in Harvard’sDepartment of East Asian Languages andCivilizations, when questions or problemsarose. Jeffrey organized Harvard outings toa Chiba Lotte Marines baseball game, theSumida River Fireworks Festival, and evenan overnight ascent up Mt. Fuji!

The Reischauer Institute is enthusiastic inits support of the Harvard College missionto give all of its students a SignificantInternational Experience (SIE).

Science, Japan and Harvard: A Growing Interest

21%

33%

21%

25%

Japan Experienceby Concentration Field

Humanities

Social Sciences

Sciences

Undeclared

FACULTY NEWSThis fall, Mary C.Brinton publishedin Japanese,Lost inTransition:Youth,Education andWorkin Post-industrialJapan (NTT Press,2008).

Edwin Cranstonwill publishTheSecret Island and theEnticing Flame:Worlds of Memory,Discovery, and Lossin Japanese Poetry(Cornell East AsiaSeries, 2009).

MelissaMcCormick’sresearch on Genjipaintings wasfeatured in thedocumentary TheTale of Genji: A

Thousand Year Mystery by Japan BroadcastingCorporation (NHK). It was aired as a Hi-VisionSpecial and a NHK Special in November 2008.

Toshiko Mori’s work has been honored in amonograph, Toshiko Mori Architect: Works andProjects (Monacelli Press, 2008), published witha forward by K. Michael Hays. It includes morethan twenty-five residential, cultural, institu-tional, and commercial projects. A receptionwas held at Sean Kelly Gallery, New York, onJune 26, 2008 to celebrate the publication.

Mark Mulligan hasedited NurturingDreams (MIT Press,2008), a collection ofessays chronicling theprofessional life andphilosophical musingsof Tokyo-based architectFumihiko Maki over hismore-than-half-centurycareer in design. The collection focuses on thetwin subjects of modern architecture and thecontemporary city.

Susan J. Pharr was awarded the Japanesegovernment’s Order of the Rising Sun, GoldRays with Neck Ribbon, in a ceremony on May15, 2008. The award honors her contributionsto the study of Japan and her promotion ofintellectual exchange between Japan and theUnited States.

Michael R. Reich is working with KeizoTakemi for the Japanese government on the G8Summit follow-up activities on global health.

From left: Consul General Yoichi Suzuki, Takako Suzuki, Susan Pharr,and Robert Mitchell

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For two decades, Harvard College students withtwo years of Japanese have been able to gain first-hand experience of the country’s culture, society,and business through internships at companiesand organizations in Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Hiroshima,Okayama and Tsukuba. Beginning in 2005, theReischauer Institute, in collaboration with theJapanese Language Program, the Program onU.S.-Japan Relations, the Office of InternationalPrograms, and other offices on campus, hasextended these opportunities to a wider circle ofHarvard College students – increasing the totalnumber of internship sites; opening the programto students with little or no prior training in theJapanese language, students in the sciences,and students who find internships in Japan ontheir own; offering orientations; and providinga student coordinator in Tokyo to serve as aresource over the summer.

In summer 2008, 35 students from 15 differentHarvard concentrations held summer internships inJapan. Of these, 14 were placed in traditional set-tings such as banking, consulting, government, policyresearch, or corporate management. The remaininginterns worked in an array of non-profit organiza-tions, science laboratories, and small start-up firms.

The variety in student concentrations and internshipsites is reflected in these examples:

BRANDON EUM, ENGINEERING SCIENCES (SB) ’09

took an internship at Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., in orderto unite his field of study with his passion for Japanand Japanese culture and to “interact with profes-sionals with whom I can discuss the differencesin professional and personal culture and ethicsbetween Japan and America.”

ZACHARY FRANKEL, UNDECLARED ’11 worked at thetoy manufacturer Bandai Co., Ltd., to improve hislanguage skills beyond the classroom, enhance hisinterest in business, and prepare himself for apotential longer stay in Japan.

LAUREN FULTON, GOVERNMENT ’10 with only a yearof Japanese language, interned at Showa Women’sUniversity, which included working for a member ofthe Japanese Diet both in parliamentary session andin touring his home (and more rural) district inNagano. In her final report, she wrote,

“The entire time, I watched and learned, oftendiscussing my observations with Shinohara-sensei.We discussed traditional Japan and contemporaryJapan, the rural versus the urban, and the role ofthese distinctions in governance. We compared theproblems confronting Japan and America and if orwhy the countries’ responses should diverge. I wasamazed that learning so much about the challengesof Japanese politicians encouraged me to reflecton the issues we face in our own country.”

TARO KURIYAMA, LITERATURE ’09 a native speakerof Japanese, was placed with a professionalbaseball team, the Chiba Lotte Marines Co., Ltd. tounderstand how a business works at the macro levelas well as how Western and Japanese businessesinfluence each other.

ALESSANDRO LA PORTA, COMPUTER SCIENCE ’09

requested and received an internship at ToeiAnimation Co., Ltd., building on his long-timeinterest in anime and the anime industry.

NARA LEE, UNDECLARED ’11 designed her owninternship at both Tokyo University and theInternational Committee of the Red Cross in orderto focus on international refugee law and therefugee issue in Japan. She reported,

“These internships were the perfect match for meas they focused on international refugee law andthe refugee issue in Japan. Upon discovering theexistence of a significant refugee population and theJapanese government’s plan to admit even more,I immediately worried about the Japanese economy.Three months later, [it] was surprising how muchmy perception on refugees had changed. It wasfascinating to see the transformation from paperto actual fieldwork take place.”

NICHOLAS MOY, ECONOMICS ’10 worked at theInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies in orderto pursue his interest in industrial organization andinternational trade, and finance.

Through this program, Harvard College studentsmatch their aspirations, passions, and academicskills with the generosity, experience, and expertiseof their hosts, within a cultural mix that can belife-changing for the students while creating solidpartnerships between the university and a varietyof institutions in Japan.

Top: Shiv Gaglani, Engineering Sciences ‘10, at theRyogoku Kokugikan sports arena, Tokyo. Bottom: IddosheHirpa, Chemistry ‘11 at RIKEN RCAI lab.

Harvard Japan SummerInternships 2008

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Japan Summer 2008 students at a Chiba LotteMarines baseball game with manager BobbyValentine (sixth from left). Summer internshipcoordinator Jeffrey Kurashige (second fromright) is in attendance with students.

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Literature

‘09

Environment for Change19TH CENTURY JAPANESE WHALING

Along the Kumano coast in modern Wakayama Prefecture, three villages have a longstanding

tradition of whaling, dating back to the late seventeenth century: Koza, Miwasaki, and, the

most famous of these, Taiji. At the start of the nineteenth century, Taiji whalers were still using

techniques developed nearly two centuries earlier. Whalers would row out from shore, entrap a

whale in their nets, then harpoon it, and haul it back to shore. By the early twentieth century,

however, whalers from this area had begun using steamships and harpoon guns, technologies

adopted from Western whaling nations such as the United States and Norway. They also began

to follow these nations’ use of whales more for their oil than for their meat.

The transition to a whaling industry nearly indistinguishable from that of the early twentieth-

century United States, Norway, or Germany occurred during a time of rapid economic change

and as the Meiji state grew stronger in Japan. The whaling industry had ties to the state, but

despite this link, the Wakayama whaling industry was impacted more by changes in environmental

conditions than by political factors. The effects of global whaling on whale populations in the

Pacific forced whalers in Wakayama to search for new ways to maintain their livelihood. The result

was a transformation of the Wakayama whaling industry only slightly after, and with similar results

to, the transformation of American and Norwegian whaling from sail to steam and diesel power.

The similarity arose not just from the transmission of technologies between these countries’

whalers, but also from the shared problem of declining whale populations.

Many factors promoted drastic changes in whaling technology. While whaling brought generations

of prosperity to Kumano villages such as Taiji, overreliance on whaling also brought disaster when

other nations, particularly the United States, became involved in large-scale hunting and removed

most of the whales from the Pacific, leaving the villagers with nothing to catch.

To define the process of technological change in this industry, I will first explain the context in

which Kumano whalers worked. Then I will describe one example of the impact of global whaling

on the Kumano whaling industry. Finally I will discuss how the whalers of this area responded

and adapted to the consequences of global whaling on whale populations in the Pacific.

Kumano Whaling in the Nineteenth CenturyIn the nineteenth century, Kumano whalers hunted gray whales, humpbacks, and right whales.

All three of these species migrated along the Kuroshio (Japan Current), swimming close enough

to shore for a shore-based whaling operation to be practical. For the three whaling villages in this

area, the winter whaling season coincided with the yearly migrations

of whales along the coast. It was also a time when few fish species were

available. The economy of these villages thus relied on their ability to catch

whales for at least half of the year. Whales were also a large and valuable

resource, bringing a great deal of income to village whaling groups once

rendered and sold. Whaling products included meat, oil for lamps, and

insecticide, as well as bone and sinews for puppets and musical instruments.

In a typical season in the beginning of the nineteenth century, the village

of Koza could bring in as many as 20 whales, which fed the approximately

300 people involved in the whaling effort and earned them enough income

to pay village taxes for the year.

But the destination of these whales was the American Pacific hunting grounds. From the 1840s

to the 1860s, American whalers (who made up 80% of the world’s whaling fleet) brought in 10-15

million gallons of whale oil. That would mean the taking of as many as 25,000 whales. In compar-

ison, for the first half of the nineteenth century, all whalers in Japan caught only 70-80 whales

total per year. The over-harvesting of right whales by American whalers offshore made it difficult

for Japanese shore-based whalers to maintain even this modest number of catches. Whalers in

Wakayama were thus driven to desperate measures by the end of the nineteenth century.

RE I SChAUERREpORTS8

While whaling could bring generations of prosperity to

Kumano villages such as Taiji, reliance on whaling also

brought disaster when other nations, particularly the United

States, became involved in large-scale hunting and

removed most of the whales from the Pacific, leaving the

villagers with nothing to catch.

JAKOBINA ARCH

Ph.D. candidate in History andEast Asian Languages, Dept. of East

Asian Languages and Civilization,Harvard University

One prevailing assumption is that the Japanese had a more nuanced view of whales than that

of more thoroughly exploitation-based whaling nations such as the United States. However, the

assumption of a dramatic difference in attitudes is based on some misconceptions, at least in

regard to whalers in Wakayama.

An example used to support the theory of greater Japanese concern for whales is that of a supposed

taboo on hunting right whales with calves. However, there is no evidence for a historical concern

with preserving mother-calf pairs in this area. Although specific signals were used by mountain

lookouts to indicate the species and the presence of calves, such signals were not warnings to avoid

pursuit. The ability to distinguish the species being pursued and whether there was a calf present

simply helped whalers to adjust their tactics. Interviews conducted by Taiji Gorosaku, a twentieth-

century whaler from the village, note the fierce protectiveness of right whale mothers for their

calves. This protectiveness made them dangerous to hunt, but not taboo. Whalers sometimes even

took advantage of the bond between mothers and calves; if the calf was trapped alive, the mother

would remain in the area trying to save it, and would therefore be easier to catch. This technique

was common among American whalers and was sometimes used in Japan as well.

The 1878 Disaster and Its RamificationsA disastrous decision made in 1878 to hunt such a mother-calf pair, rather than suggesting the

end of a taboo and the influence of modernization on Taiji attitudes, was the result of the desperate

circumstances of the village, due to the declining catches of the whales that supported the local

economy.

On December 24, 1878, a storm was blowing in, and it was already late in the day by the time

the lookouts spotted a pair of whales. Despite the dangers, the female was too large for the

whalers, who had caught nothing yet that season, to pass up. But the whales proved too difficult

to catch before the storm arrived, and by the time the whalers realized they could not keep the

struggling whales entangled in their nets without losing their boats, it was too late. Although the

whales were cut free, they likely died later of their wounds, along with over 100 whalers (a high

proportion of the total village population). Most of the whalers died from exposure when their

boats were caught in the strong offshore current, while others who managed to survive were unable

to return from the uninhabited islands where they had been driven by the storm until late spring

of the following year.

Adaptation of Whaling TechnologyThe desperate circumstances leading to this poor decision eventually forced the Kumano whalers

to adopt new techniques and to find new locations for whaling. One new method involved

trying to adapt American harpoon guns to use within the coastal whaling tradition. This was not

particularly successful, mostly because there were no longer enough targets to catch with the

difficult-to-use harpoons. Eventually, a version of this technology was adapted by a man named

Maeda. He invented a repeating harpoon gun for catching the smaller pilot whales still available

inshore. This technique is the basis for the coastal whaling practiced in Taiji today.

The other option was to do as the American and Norwegian whalers had begun to do: turn their

sights to new offshore species. Because Japan’s was a coastal industry rather than a pelagic (open

ocean) one, the change in the Japanese whaling industry when whalers began targeting the faster

rorquals, such as blue whales and fin whales, seems greater than that in the Western whaling

industries who were pursuing the same course. However, in both cases it was the lack of easier

targets that forced whalers to change their techniques. Once Japanese whalers began chasing down

pelagic species, they also were faced with the problem of bringing the product the greater distance

back to shore. They found that oil rendered on the ship was far easier to transport than meat,

which until refrigeration developed, would have spoiled before the ship returned to port.

Viewing this change in industry techniques as forced by the same factors of declining resources that

other nations faced makes it easier to understand how the transformation was accomplished with

similar results. The transition in Taiji was not because whalers suddenly decided to adopt an entirely

new technology to catch whales for a completely different product. Instead this shift was the result

of a gradual adaptation to changes in available resources (whale species) and access to new global

markets for different whale products.

9

Wakayama PrefectureKumano Coast

Osaka

Wakayama

Kyoto

Ota RiverKoza River Miwasaki

Taiji

Koza

Wakayama

8

ラライイシシャャワワーー

レレポポーートト10

Twenty-six energetic students from 19 U.S. colleges and universitiesjoined 36 students from Japanese universities to participate in the 60thannual Japan-America Student Conference (JASC) this summer.

The Reischauer Institute hosted the group on the Harvard campus for five days in August. While in residence the students held panel presentations together,lived in dorms, and toured some of Boston’s historic sights. Harvard Japanesestudies faculty met with the delegates in small break-out groups on one afternoon to discuss issues of interest to the students.

Each summer, JASC students from universities across Japan and the UnitedStates convene for a month, traveling to different sites to discuss some of thehottest topics facing the two nations. The program alternates host countries eachyear, giving students the rare opportunity to see new places, whether at home orabroad, and to learn about their culture through the eyes of others. From politicsto pop culture and everything in between, JASC offers motivated university students of all levels an outlet for ambition, intellect, and cultural stimulation.

Not only do conference participants learn about one of the world’s most strategicbilateral alliances, they also have the opportunity to reinforce the bonds betweencountries, sharing knowledge and experiences while making memories and friendships with other future leaders. This year the Conference examined a number of global issues impacting both Japanese and American society, from war memory, comparative law, and environmental ethics to the development ofcorporate social responsibility.

Harvard was the final stop on the 2008 JASC after one week each in Oregon,California, and Montana, and the students were treated to a welcome address byEzra F. Vogel, Henry Ford II Research Professor of the Social Sciences Emeritus. A lively question and answer session followed his remarks. This was the firsttime the Reischauer Institute had hosted JASC on campus since 2000.

Harvard undergraduate NANCY YANG, EAST ASIAN STUDIES ’09, served as a member of the JASC American Executive Committee (AEC) this year, and sheplayed a large role in planning and organizing the conference. In 2009 Harvardstudents will continue their tradition of leadership in JASC, as RACHEL STAUM,EAST ASIAN STUDIES ’10, was elected to the AEC for the 61st conference to be held in Japan.

Japan-America Student Conference at HarvardSTUDENT ACTIVITY

続き

サイエンス、日本、そしてハーバード : 高まる関心

理研BSIのセミナーとサイエンスに関するミーティングは英語で行われますが、地下鉄による東京へのアクセスが便利なこともあり、1歩キャンパスの外を出れば、典型的な日本での日常生活をたっぷりと味わうことができます。また、参加した学生は理研キャンパスにある高速インターネット・衛星テレビ・台所・および浴室がある家具つきのワンルームマンションに住むことができます。こうした機会が得られるという話が広まるにつれて毎年このプログラムへの申し込みは増え続けています。

RIが支援するもう一つのプログラムでは、サイエンス専攻の学生たちは日本の研究室やその他サイエンスに関連した環境で8週間、もしくはそれ以上インターンとして働くことができます。このインターンシップ・プログラムでは履修単位は得られないものの、学生がこの経験を得るための支援としてRIが奨学金を授与し、また住むところは通常受け入れ先の研究室や研究所で用意してもらえます。2008年度は4人の学生が理研の横浜にある免疫・アレルギー科学総合研究センターと神戸にある発生・再生科学総合研究センターの研究室でインターンをしました。サイエンス専攻の学部生たちは他にも慶応義塾大学の医学部、慶應義塾大学のナノテクノロジー研究室、ホームレスのための無料クリニックを運営している山友会、

東京理科大学でインターンシップを行いました。

参加した学生たちの書いた最終報告書を読むと、このインターンシップ経験がどれくらい深く彼らに知的・文化的な影響を与えたかがわかります。2010年度卒業予定で工学科学専攻、そして慶應義塾大学のナノテクノロジーの研究室でインターンとして研究に従事したシブ・ガグラニさんはこう書いています。「私のプロジェクトの目標は将来の量子コンピュータで量子ビット (qubits)として使うための単一原子幅のワイヤーを作ることでした。シリコンウェハー上にナノメートルサイズの段差を作るため、走査型トンネル顕微鏡 (STM)、原子間力顕微鏡 (AFM)、そして研磨を使いました。隣接したナノメートルサイズの段差の縁の近くに1度に少しずつ原子を堆積していくことでたった1原子幅のナノワイヤーを作り上げることができました。」

研究室での最先端の研究へ自ら参加できることに加えて、彼らにとって文化を学ぶということが日本での経験をさらに印象深いものにしていることがわかります。シブ・ガグラニさんはさらにこうも書いています。

「私は、日本の実験室がどれほど階層的であるかを知りませんでした。例えば、学部生は通常4年生になって初めて研究を始めるのです。（したがって、）私の特定のプロジェクトにおける進歩は遅かったのです

が、それでも主な目的は達成しました。それはナノテクノロジーについて学ぶこととハーバードで論文研究のために使うかもしれない技術を練習をすることでした。日本の研究室の教授は半導体と同位元素工学の分野で有名な研究者なのですが、彼は実は。。。ハーバードの物理学の教授と友人だったのです。私は一度彼に「ナノテクノロジーの世界はさすが、狭いね！（ナノテクノロジーが極小の世界であることと掛けている）」と冗談を言ったものです。

これらのプログラムで日本に行ったハーバードの学部生は全員出発前オリエンテーションに参加しました。また、何か疑問がある時や問題が起こった時はRIの夏期学生コーディネーターであり、ハーバードの東アジア言語文明学部の博士候補生でもあるジェフリー・倉重に相談できました。ジェフリーは千葉ロッテマリーンズの野球の試合、隅田川花火大会、さらに富士山登山まで（！）ハーバードの学生たちの遠足を企画しました。

ライシャワー日本研究所は、全ての学生に意義深い国際的経験 (SIE)�を与えるという、ハーバードカレッジの使命を支援するのに力を注いでいます。これからも私たちはすべての分野を専攻する学生が日本を経験できるよう支援し、働きかけていきます。

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11

この展覧会では朝倉氏が染料の元となる植物を集め、絹糸を染め、そして色同様生地も人目を引くようなデザインを創り出すため大きな手織り機で糸を織っているところなど実際の製作過程を自身の言葉で語ったDVDも上映されています。

9月18日に行われたライシャワー研究所と日米関係プログラム共催の秋のレセプションでは220人以上の招待客が展覧会のオープニングを祝いました。ニューヨークのジャパン・ソサエティーギャラリーで北アメリカでのデビューを飾ったこの展覧会はハーバードでは11月21日まで行われ、その後フロリダのデルレイビーチにある森上美術館、続いてワシントンDCにある米国建築士協会本部ギャラリーでも開催予定です。

詳しい情報は下記のリンクを参照してください : http://www.asakuraexhibition.net

私は糸の声を聴く経糸は時間の流れ色は形を主張する私は糸の命を感じ取り主張する形となるよう、手をさしのべる朝倉美津子

ジャパン・フレンズ・オブ・ハーバード・コンコースでの染織タピストリー展示

この9月、政策国際研究センター(CGIS)南棟の壁は、京都を中心に活動されている芸術家朝倉美津子氏による優雅なシルクの染織タピストリーの展示で華やかに彩られています。ライシャワー研究所が全米日米協会連合及びボストン日本協会と共に主催しているこの展覧会は「朝倉美津子が織りなす染織タピストリーと建築空間」と題され、人々が生活し仕事をする、見慣れてしまった空間に新しい印象を与えたいという芸術家の願望を表現しています。

展展覧覧会会

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所長より

EDWIN O. REISCHAUER INSTITUTE OF JAPANESE STUDIES

Center for Government & International Studies

South Building

Harvard University

1730 Cambridge Street

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

P 617.495.3220 F 617.496.8083

rijs@fas.harvard.eduwww.fas.harvard.edu/~rijs

© 2008 President and Fellows of Harvard College

親愛なる友へ今号の「通信」はライシャワー日本研究所 (RI)がハーバードのサイエンスコミュ二ティとの関係を構築し、サイエンス専攻の学部生に日本を体験する機会を与えるという最近の試みについて特集しています。5年前、RIの支援を受けて日本を訪れた学部生の大多数は東アジア研究専攻でした。今ではRIの支援を受けて毎年研究や勉強、あるいはインターンシップのために日本を訪れる85名の学部生の内、33%�はサイエンスや工学専攻の学生です。なぜこうした変化が起きたのでしょうか。これは1つには FASの分子細胞生物学教授とハーバードメディカルスクールの神経学教授を兼任するタカオ・ヘンシュ先生のリーダーシップのおかげです。ヘンシュ先生は現在 R Iの支援を受け、有名な理化学研究所（理研）の2つの研究センター（東京の脳科学総合研究センターと横浜の免疫・アレルギー科学総合研究センター）にある研究室で最新の研究に参加する機会を生命科学分野の学生に与えてくれているのです。同様に物理学のジョン・ドイル教授も学生に物理学関連の研究室で働く機会を与えるために働きかけてくださっています。しかしながら、こうした教授陣主導の様々な試みを別としても、サイエンス専攻の学生にとって日本の魅力というのは増してきています。RIの夏季インターンシッププログラムは特に人気のあるプログラムです。ハーバードはSIE (意義深い国際的な経験)がすべての学部生に対する教育の一環になることを近年ますます重要視しているため、サイエンス専攻の学生たちは今、興味を惹かれる分野で最先端の知識を得られ、かつ好奇心をそそる場所を探しています。したがって、サイエンス及びテクノロジーの分野で飛躍的な前進を遂げた実績があり、興味深い若者文化で知られる国際都市東京はかなりの人気を誇ります。RIのインターンシッププログラムの好評もその人気に拍車を掛けています。夏の同プログラム参加者35名は日本での体験を総合して5点の中4.7点と評価しました。また、早稲田大学キャンパスでのハーバード・サマースクール・ジャパンも参加した学生から高い評価を得ると共にサイエンス専攻の学生たちに人気があります。RIとサイエンスコミュニティとの繋がりは学内だけに留まらず、国際的にも様々な形で深まってきています。例えば、昨年ハーバード公衆衛生大学院のマイケル・ライシュ教授は日本グループと密接に連携しながら、教授陣によるプロジェクトの陣頭指揮をとりました。このプロジェクトは、保険システム強化のためのグローバルアクションの政策案を作るのを目的としていました。その2国間の活動を調整したのは、昨年1年間ウェザーヘッド国際問題研究所の日米関係プログラムに在籍した元参議院議員武美敬三氏でした。この教授陣の働きは、7月に北海道で行われたG8サミットの準備として、日本が国際保健に関するグローバルアクションプランに着手するのに大きく貢献しました。

私たちは今後もサイエンス分野での、様々な形での連携を楽しみにしています。

スーザン J.ファー

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ハーバードの学部生は20年にわたって日本へインターンシップに行っています。日本語学習と論文研究に至ってはそれ以前から日本を訪れています。けれど最近まで、日本に興味を持っているほとんどの学生は人文・社会科学専攻でした。しかしながら、ライシャワー日本研究所 (RI ) �が支援する2つのプログラムに参加することでサイエンス専攻の学生は世界レベルの日本の研究室で経験を得る機会が与えられることから、RIの支援で日本に滞在する学生の中でも、サイエンス専攻の学生は最も急激に増えているグループです。

特にサイエンス専攻の学生を対象にしたハーバードで最も大きな日本でのプログラムは、東京近郊の理研脳科学総合研究センター (BSI )でのハーバード・サマースクール (HSS)プログラムです。2年前に FAS（ハーバードの人文科学大学院プログラムの総称）の分子細胞生物学教授とハーバードメディカルスクールの神経学教授タカオ・ヘンシュ先生によって始められたこの理研 BS Iでの HSSプログラムは、毎年5人から7人の学部生を日本に送り、ラボでの10週間にわたる夏期集中プログラムに参加させています。

この脳科学集中講座は各ラボでの研究とレクチャーコースの2部構成になっています。学生たちは日本や外国からの優秀な研究者・技術者と共に理研BSTの4つのコア研究領域（心と知性への挑戦コア、回路機能メカニズムコア、疾患メカニズムコア、先端基盤技術開発コア）における最先端の脳に関する研究に従事します。このプログラムに参加した学生は生物学関連の生命科学講座の 2単位を修得でき、また、単位取得はできないものの、初級日本語のクラスを取ることもできます。

サイエンス、日本、そしてハーバード:高まる関心

ごご存存知知ででししたたかか。。。。。。・ライシャワー研究所は2007年－2008年度及び2008年夏期に、22の分野を専攻する84名のハーバード学部生に対し日本へ渡航するための資金援助・支援をしました。そのうち33％は数学、科学、または工学専攻の学生です。

・35名のハーバードの学部生は金融関係から野球、脳科学からアニメまでさまざまな分野で夏期インターンシップを行いました。

・昨年ライシャワー研究所は博士論文執筆、夏期語学研修、日本での研究及び学会参加に対しハーバードの大学院生に54に上る奨学金を授与しました。

・ライシャワー研究所は大学院生の研究とプロフェッショナル・デベロップメントを支援していて、現在8名の大学院生にオフィス・スペースを提供しています。

・ハーバードには33名もの日本研究の教授陣が在籍し、世界で最も大きな日本研究のプログラムの一つとなっています。昨年日本に関する講座、もしくは日本を大きく取り上げた講座は70以上を数えます。

・昨年ライシャワー研究所は65回以上のセミナー・共同研究プロジェクト・ワークショップ・学術会議・シンポジウム・研究プロジェクトを行い、支援しました。

・ニューイングランド地域社会において181名の日本に関する研究者及び専門家がライシャワー研究所の提携研究員となっています。

エエドドウウィィンン O.ラライイシシャャワワーー日日本本研研究究所所ハハーーババーードド大大学学 レレポポーートト

22 00 00 77年年秋秋かからら 2200 00 88年年夏夏ににかかけけてて、、ハハーーババーードドのの学学部部生生8844名名がが日日本本をを訪訪れれままししたた。。ここれれはは今今ままでででで一一番番多多いい人人数数でですす。。そそししてて、、ここのの増増加加のの驚驚くくべべきき点点はは、、ここれれらら学学部部生生のの約約33分分のの11ががササイイエエンンスス専専攻攻のの学学生生とといいううここととでですす。。

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Oshima is one of Japan’s original outlaw masters—a rebelliousand instinctively anti-establishment artist whose apprenticework bears a resemblance to the films of such contemporaryenfant terribles as Sejun Suzuki (1923- ), Koji Wakamatsu(1936- ) and Kiju Yoshida (1933- ), maverick and fiercely inde-pendent directors who, like Oshima, all began under studio con-tracts. Oshima quickly established himself as one of the mostpolitically committed and driven filmmakers of his generation,beginning with the remarkable elegy to the failed student-ledprotest movement offered by his controversial third feature,Night and Fog in Japan (1960), which was almost immediatelypulled from theatrical distribution by his studio, Shochiku, andbanned from public and private exhibition.

Devoted to political activism since his days as an outspokenstudent leader at the prestigious Kyoto University, Oshima wasled by the traumatic experience of Night and Fog in Japantowards a different mode of political cinema, increasingly turn-ing away from party politics towards a broader and ultimatelymore ambitious critique of Japanese history and national iden-tity. In a series of important mid-career films, Oshima adoptedcontroversial crime headlines from across modern Japanesehistory—the serial killer in Violence at Noon, the cruel,exploitative parents in Boy, the prostitute’s murderous act inIn the Realm of the Senses –transforming their crimes into des-perate but deliberate acts of rebellion against the status quo.The figure of the transgressive criminal outlaw has remained aseminal touchstone of Oshima’s cinema, closely linked to hisinterest in the strange illogic of the sexual unconscious,whether of individuals or of Japanese society as a whole.

Equally important as the political charge of Oshima’s cinema isits steadfast devotion to narrative and aesthetic innovation.An incredibly restless and unceasing experimental drive has ledOshima to invent a radically different formal language for almostall of his films, from the deliberate long-sequence shots of hisearly youth exploitation pictures A Town of Love and Hope andThe Sun’s Burial to the complex, fast and often deliberately dis-orienting cutting of Violence at Noon and The Man Who LeftHis Will on Film. Yet while Oshima’s most formally daring films,such as Death By Hanging, clearly reveal a distrust of cinematicillusionism, the director nevertheless also commands an aston-ishing eye for unconventional beauty that gives way to the lush,exhilarating sensuality of films such as Cruel Story of Youth,Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence and In the Realm of the Senses.

This complete retrospective of Oshima’s feature films offersa rare opportunity to see some of postwar Japanese cinema’smost iconic and important works—an experience that, bycontrast, reveals the total poverty of politically engaged artcinema today.

The Nagisa Oshima retrospective and its North American tourwere organized by James Quandt for Cinematheque Ontario,Toronto. The following individuals and organizations made theretrospective possible: Nagisa Oshima, Tokyo; Marie Suzuki, TheJapan Foundation, Tokyo; Masayo Okada, Yuka Sukano, AtsukoFukuda, Kawakita Memorial Film Institute, Tokyo; Eiko Oshima,Oshima Productions, Tokyo; Peter Becker, Kim Hendrickson,Fumiko Takagi, Sarah Finklea, Janus Films, New York; theReischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, Harvard University.

An unflinchingly iconoclastic and ceaselessly inventivefilmmaker, Nagisa Oshima (1932- ) has scorched an

indelible path across postwar Japanese cinema.

DECEMBER 7-22, 2008

& the Struggle for a Radical Cinema

Nagisa Oshima

H A R V A R D F I L M A R C H I V E : F I L M S E R I E S

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7

7:00 PMMerry Christmas Mr. Lawrence(Senjo no merii kurisumasu)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With David Bowie, RyuichiSakamoto, Tom Conti; UK/Japan 1983, 35mm, 122 minutes,color, English and Japanese with English subtitles

FOLLOWED BY

A Town of Love and Hope (Ai to kibo no machi)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hiroshi Fujikawa, YukoMochizuki, Yuki Tominaga; Japan 1959, 35mm, 62 minutes,b/w, Japanese with English subtitles

MONDAY, DECEMBER 8

7:00 PMCruel Story of Youth (Seishun zankokumonogatari)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Yusuke Kawazu, MiyukiKuwano, Yoshiko Kuga; Japan 1960, 35mm, 96 minutes,color, Japanese with English subtitles

9:00 PMThe Sun’s Burial (Taiyo no hakaba)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kayoko Honoo, IsaoSasaki, Masahiko Tsugawa; Japan 1960, 35mm, 87 minutes,color, Japanese with English subtitles

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 12

7:00 PMNight and Fog in Japan (Nihon no yoru to kiri)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Fumio Watanabe, MiyukiKuwano, Masahiko Tsugawa; Japan 1960, 35mm, 107minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles

9:15 PMThe Catch (Shiiku)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Rentaro Mikuni, SadakoSawamura, Hugh Hurd; Japan 1961, 35mm, 97 minutes,b/w, Japanese with English subtitles

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13

7:OO PMBoy (Shonen)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Fumio Watanabe,Akiko Koyama, Tetsuo Abe; Japan 1969, 35mm, 105minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles

9:00 PMPleasures of the Flesh (Etsuraku)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Katsuo Nakamura,Mariko Kaga, Yumiko Nogawa; Japan 1965, 35mm, 90minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 14

3:OO PMShiro Amakusa, The Christian Rebel(Amakusa Shiro Tokisada)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hashizo Okawa, SatomiOka, Ryutaro Otomo; Japan 1962, 35mm, 100 minutes,color, Japanese with English subtitles

FOLLOWED BY

Diary of Yunbogi (Yunbogi no Nikki)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hosei Komatsu;Japan 1965, 16mm, 30 minutes, b/w, Japanese withEnglish subtitles

7:00 PMThe Ceremony (Gishiki)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kenzo Kawarazaki, AtsukoKaku, Kei Sato; Japan 1971, 35mm, 122 minutes, color,Japanese with English subtitles

9:30 PMThree Resurrected Drunkards(Kaette kita yopparai)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kazuhiko Kato,Osamu Kitayama, Norihiko Hashida; Japan 1968, 35mm,80 minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles

MONDAY, DECEMBER 15

7:00 PMBand of Ninja (Ninja Bugei-cho)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. Japan 1967, 35mm,100 minutes, b/w, Narrated in English

9:30 PMA Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs(Nihon shunka-ko)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Ichiro Araki, HidekoYoshida, Koji Iwabuchi; Japan 1967, 35mm, 103 minutes,color, Japanese with English subtitles

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18

7:00 PMViolence at Noon (Hakuchu no torima)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Saeda Kawaguchi, AkikoKoyama, Kei Sato; Japan 1966, 35mm, 90 minutes, color,Japanese with English subtitles

9:00 PMJapanese Summer: Double Suicide(Muri-shinju: Nihon no natsu)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Keiko Sakuai, KeiSato; Japan 1967, 35mm, 98 minutes, b/w, Japanesewith English subtitles

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 19

7:00 PMINTRODUCTION BY ABÉ MARKUS NORNESEdwin O. Reischauer Visiting Professor of JapaneseStudies, Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizationsand Dept. of Visual and Environmental Studies

In the Realm of the Senses (Ai no koriida)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Eiko Matsuda, TatsuyaFuji, Taiji Tonoyama; Japan/France 1976, 35mm, 105minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles

9:15 PMDear Summer Sister (Natsu no imoto)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Hosei Komatsu,Hiromi Kurita, Akiko Koyama; Japan 1972, 35mm, 95minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20

7:00 PMDiary of a Shinjuku Thief(Shinjuku dorobo nikki)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Fumio Watanabe,Kei Sato, Tadanori Yokoo; Japan 1968, 35mm, 94 minutes,b/w, Japanese with English subtitles

9:00 PMDeath by Hanging (Koshikei)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kei Sato, FumioWatanabe, Toshirô Ishido; Japan 1968, 35mm, 117 minutes,b/w, Japanese with English subtitles

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 21

3:00 PMMax mon AmourDirected by Nagisa Oshima. With Charlotte Rampling,Anthony Higgins, Victoria Abril; France/USA/Japan1986, 35mm, 98 minutes, color, French and Englishwith English subtitles

7:00 PMEmpire of Passion (Ai no borei)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Takahiro Tamura,Kazuko Yoshiyuki, Tatsuya Fuji; Japan/France 1978, 35mm,106 minutes, color, Japanese with English subtitles

9:15 PMThe Man Who Left His Will on Film(Tokyo senso sengo hiwa)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Kazuo Goto, EmikoIwasaki, Sugio Fukuoka; Japan 1970, 35mm, 94 minutes,b/w, Japanese with English subtitles

MONDAY, DECEMBER 22

7:00 PMTaboo (Gohatto)Directed by Nagisa Oshima. With Takeshi Kitano, RyuheiMatsuda, Shinji Takeda; Japan 2000, 35mm, 101 minutes,color, Japanese with English subtitles

FOLLOWED BY

Kyoto: My Mothers PlaceDirected by Nagisa Oshima; Japan 1991, video, 50 minutes,color, Japanese with English subtitles

THE HARVARD FILM ARCHIVECarpenter Center for the Arts24 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA

TICKETS$8 General Admission; $6 non-Harvardstudents, Harvard staff and seniors;Harvard students free.

The HFA does not sell advance tickets.Tickets go on sale at the HFA box office45 minutes prior to showtime.

FOR MORE INFORMATION617.495.4700 or http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa

& the Struggle for a Radical CinemaNagisa Oshima