T. Mocek-Coherent X-Ray Sources at ELI Beamlines

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Coherent X-ray sources at ELI Beamlines

Tomas MocekInstitute of Physics, Prague



Target

Ultra-intense laser

Relativistic laser-matter interactions

+

Wakefield electron acceleration

Fast ion, proton generation

Neutron generation

High harmonic generation

Relativistic Thomson scattering

X-ray laser

X-ray sources

High-energy particle source



Secondary X-ray sources driven by ELI

Oscillating dipole momentLaser field

Atom

High-order

harmonics

l→

High Harmonic Generation Relativistic Thomson Scattering

X-Ray LaserBetatron Radiation



Applications of X-rays at ELI: beyond the limits

Ultrafast X-ray diffraction Hard X-ray image

of a mouse

Soft X-raymicroscopy 3D image of protein



LASER vs. X-ray laser



Weak prepulse : 2-10 J

Main pump pulse: ~450 J

Ne-like zinc Grotrian

10 mJ @ 21.2 nm: 1015 photons/pulse

Currently the most energeticsoft X-ray pulses available

Ne-like Zn X-ray laser at 21.2 nm (58 eV)

B. Rus et al ., PRA 66, 063806 (2002)

B. Rus et al ., PPCF 44, B207-B223 (2002)B. Rus et al., JMO 54, 2571 –2583 (2007)

T. Mocek et al ., JOSA B 20, 1386 (2003)

T. Mocek et al., APL 89, 051501 (2006)T. Mocek et al ., EPJD 54, 439-444 (2009)



Collisional X-ray lasers at PALS

Ne-like Fe(25.5 nm)

Ne-like Zn(21.2 nm)

Ne-like Se

(18.2 nm)

Ni-like Ag(13.9 nm)



X-ray laser for dense plasma probing

I = 3 x 1010

Wcm-2

Zn target

I = 4 x 1013

Wcm-2

Au target

High energy X-ray laser reveals complex plasma hydrodynamics (code benchmark)J.R. Davies et al ., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51, 035013 (2009)



Warm dense matter by X-ray laser

“Long” -pulse (~100 ps) plasma-based X-ray lasers:

- accessibility of intermediate regime to 1012-1013 Wcm-2

- due to high XUV energy (>mJ), possibility to heat large volumes

- heated plasma hydrodynamic expansion of the produced plasma

has to be considered: isochoric heating only near to the frontof the heating pulse

Benchmarked insight into the absorption mechanisms of intense XUV

radiation in matter heated from cold solid through WDM to plasma


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/t-mocek-coherent-x-ray-sources-at-eli-beamlines 10/27B. Rus et al ., submitted to PRL (2009)

Lowintensitycase(1011 Wcm-2)

High

intensitycase(1012 Wcm-2)

PALS experimental data R.W.Lee, LLNL simulations

Heating dominatedby photoionizationElectron temp. < 7 eV

Electron temperature >20 eVTransient absorption increase:

coincidental resonance between XRL (21.22 nm)and Li-like C 2s-6p transition (21.24 nm)

Time-resolved transmission of CH foil



Single-shot ablative microstructuring

T. Mocek et al ., Opt. Lett. 33, 1087 (2008)



Mass ablation rate measurements

Motivation: only very few direct measurements of the ablation rate available

test validity of the stationary ablation model (ma ~ I

1/3

)

M. Edwards et al ., PRL 99, 195002 (2007)


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/t-mocek-coherent-x-ray-sources-at-eli-beamlines 13/27D. Margarone et al ., J. Appl. Phys. (2010)

XRL interferometric microscopy

X-ray laser probing of a pellicleilluminated by 3w laser:

Nanometric snapshots of the surfacetopography with nm resolution

VIS light n ~ 1.5

Net surface sensing impossible

q crit=70.4 deg

21 nm: n fused silica = (1-0.057)+i0.037

X-ray laser undergoes total reflection and ensures genuine surface probing



25-TW Ti:S beamline at PALS

1 J/40 fs @ 10 Hz for high field experiments

K. Jakubczak et al ., Optoelectronic Review (to be published)

Ultrafast, tunable coherent XUV beamline @ 1 kHz Exp. on seeded XRL underway



Multi-stage seeded XRL at ELI

State of the art (2010): gain-saturated seeded XRL at 11 nm

ELI Beamlines: advanced & synchronized XRL beamlines for pump-probe exp.

mJ

mJ



Our goal at ELI: repetitive & energetic XRL in water window (e.g. Ni-like Au @ 3.6 nm)

Biological imaging using X-ray lasers

X-ray laser in the water window (2.3 – 4.4 nm) will be extremelly

powerful tool for 3-D holography of living organisms

Good contrast between the carbon in the living organism and

the water in which the organism lives

Early experiment done at LLNL on X-ray microscope using 4.4 nm

Ni-like Ta X-ray laser



Scaling towards „water window“

Scaling pump energy to shorterwavelengths for Ni-like isoelectronic

sequence

Timeline for XRL pump energyand repetition rate



Inner-shell photo-ionized XRL



30TW-30fs

1019 cm-3 / L=3mm

Towards keV & fs XRL

Project COKER (LOA-LPGP-LULI)



Applications of XRLs

PRL 102, 018101 (2009)RSI 76, 083701 (2005)Nat. Phys. 2, 839 (2006)La Recherche 184, 16 (1987)



HHG from solid targets



Solid Target HHG: exp. results



Challenge to table-top X-ray FEL



Design of Table-Top X-FEL



Betatron: multi-keV X-ray beam

Betatron oscillation of a relativistic electron in a laser-produced ion channel

Electrons of the bunch experience the transverse electrostatic field of theChannel. They make betatron oscillations and emit a femtosecond and

collimated beam of synchrotron radiation in the X-ray region.



K-a ultrafast X-ray source

Main limitations: tunability, polychromaticity, divergence



„Research Programme 2“: aims to provide extremely intense, brilliant,

ultra-short X-ray beams for multidisciplinary applications

Complementary sources: novel injection-seeded plasma-based X-ray lasers

in the water window, X-ray FEL, K-a sources, betatron radiation, and ultra-

high-order harmonic generation in keV region – „all under one roof“

Key advantages: short pulse duration, highly collimated beam, full spatialand temporal coherence, inherent synchronization of X-rays with the other

ultrafast IR/VIS laser & particle sources at ELI Beamlines facility for time-

resolved pump-probe investigations, extremelly high peak spectral

brightness

Strong pan-european research collaboration is a „sine qua non“ to succeed

in this great endeavour

X-ray sources at ELI Beamlines

Welcome aboard ELI Beamlines, it is closer to reality than ever before !

T. Mocek-Coherent X-Ray Sources at ELI Beamlines

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