T-6B Engine Malfunctions In-Flight€¦ · T-6B Engine Malfunctions In-Flight Created: 16 Feb 2016...

T-6B Engine MalfunctionsIn-Flight

Created: 16 Feb 2016Updated: 18 Feb 2016

T6BDriver.com

Objectives

• Be able to properly identify in-flight engine malfunctions to include:• Engine Failure

• Uncommanded Propeller Feather

• Uncommanded Power Change/Loss of Power

• Be able to quickly apply corrective actions for the identified malfunction

• Comprehend the purpose of the corrective actions applied

(Utilize engine malfunction in-flight diagram while reviewing this slideshow)

Initial Setup

• This briefing is a technique

• Provides a quick, reliable way to identify the different engine malfunctions• Gets rid of time occupiers (Bad indicators / EICAS lights)

• Goes straight to problem (Know where to focus)

• Practice these on C2201 event

• Briefing assumes the first step of any EP (maintain aircraft control) has been completed

Point of Origin

• Something wrong with engine but unsure of exact problem

• Noise/Lack of noise

• Deceleration

• Vibrations

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

Np

Analyze the Situation



• Deceleration

• Vibrations

• First place to go is N1/ITT• Indicate core health of engine

• Many EICAS distractions

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1




• Deceleration

• Vibrations



• 2 Possible Scenarios

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1




• Deceleration

• Vibrations



• 2 Possible Scenarios• N1/ITT are OK (talk about later)

• N1/ITT are dropping

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ITT ↓

N1ITT

Analyze the Situation(N1/ITT Dropping)

• What exactly do you look for?

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ITT ↓



• N1/ITT• N1 going below 60%

• ITT going below 500°

• Engine has dropped below ground Idle conditions

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)





• Engine has dropped below Idle conditions

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine FailureEngine Failure!!!





• Engine has dropped below Idle conditions

• NATOPS (Engine Failure)• N1 will indicate 0% within approx. 5 seconds

• N1 indicator will not indicate speeds below 8%

• Lots of EICAS lights

• Prop RPM will be slow or stop

• Does not mean engine has frozen/seizedEngine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine FailureEngine Failure!!!

Take Corrective Action(Engine Failure)

• Execute Engine Failure Critical Action Items• Zoom Glide – 125 KIAS

• Zoom ability is very airspeed dependent

• NATOPS (>150 KIAS): 2 G pull to a 20° climb to 145 KIAS then 0.5 G push-over

• Exchange airspeed for altitude while turning for airfield (10° nose high)

• “Turn, Climb, Clean”

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure

1. Zoom Glide – 125 KIAS2. PCL – OFF3. Intercept ELP4. Airstart – Attempt if Warranted

5. Firewall Shutoff Handle – Pull6. Execute Forced Landing or Eject







• PCL – Off

• Get prop to feather position

• Save energy in zoom

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure









• PCL – Off



• Intercept ELP

• Figure the nearest airfield (should be turning to by now)

• Use ½ DME method to figure the required altitude to make airfield (DEGA)

½ DME to airfield + 3,000’ + Elevation

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure









• PCL – Off



• Intercept ELP

• Figure the nearest airfield (should be turning to by now)

• Use ½ DME method to figure the required altitude to make airfield (DEGA)

½ DME to airfield + 3,000’ + Elevation

• Airstart – Attempt if warranted (When is that???)

• 4-Fs (Fire/FOD/Frozen/Fail)

• Frozen or Seized – Look at hydraulic pressure (immediate drop to zero = frozen)

• Also consider time & altitude (if right on profile altitude)Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart

4-Fs (Fire/FOD/Frozen/Fail) Other: Alt or Time

Take Corrective Action(Immediate Airstart)

• Execute Immediate Airstart Critical Action Items• PCL – Off

• Should already be in the Off position

• Don’t mistake Idle for Off

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart

3-Fs (Fire/FOD/Frozen) Other: Alt or Time

1. PCL – Off2. Starter Switch – Auto/Reset3. PCL – Idle, Above 13% N14. Eng Inst – Monitor ITT, N1 & Oil P

5. PCL – Off6. Firewall Shutoff Handle – Pull7. Execute Forced Landing or Eject

8. PCL – As req after N1 Idle RPM (67%)9. PEL – Execute





• Starter Switch – Auto/Reset

• Have to exchange hands on control stick

• Immediately after this step, switch right hand back to stick for next step

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart












• PCL – Idle above 13% N1

• Move “2 clicks” to Idle position

• Do not exaggerate this step and push PCL way above Idle

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart












• PCL – Idle above 13% N1

• Move “2 clicks” to Idle position

• Do not exaggerate this step and push PCL way above Idle

• Engine Instruments – Monitor ITT, N1, & Oil Pressure

• Look for light off on ITT

• Monitor for over temp

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart






• NATOPS• Airstarts have only been demonstrated at 20,000’ MSL and below

• Airspeed 125-200 KIAS < 15,000’

• Airspeed 135-200 KIAS at 15,001 – 20,000’

• Useful power available 40 seconds from starter engagement

• Lose 1,200’ of altitude during an airstart

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart







• Airspeed 125-200 KIAS < 15,000’

• Airspeed 135-200 KIAS at 15,001 – 20,000’



• Finishing Critical Action Items (if start unsuccessful)• PCL – Off

• Firewall Shutoff Handle – Pull

• Execute Forced Landing or Eject

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart







• Airspeed 125-200 KIAS < 15,000’

• Airspeed 135-200 KIAS at 15,001 – 20,000’



• Finishing Critical Action Items (if start unsuccessful)• PCL – Off

• Firewall Shutoff Handle – Pull

• Execute Forced Landing or Eject

• Finishing Critical Action Items (if start successful)• PCL – As required after N1 reaches Idle RPM (approx. 67% N1)

• PEL - Execute

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





Engine Failure Summary

• Unknown Engine Problem

• Look at N1/ITT

• N1/ITT Dropping below 60%/500° = Engine Failure!

• Accomplish Engine Failure Critical Action Items

• When get to Airstart step• Decide if warranted

• 4-Fs/Time/Altitude

• Accomplish Immediate Airstart Critical Action ItemsEngine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart






• Go back to beginning

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2



• Look at N1/ITT and indications are good• Core of engine is running fine

• Problem is with power take-off from the engine (thrust)

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2





• Look at Q/Np• Tells how engine power is being used for thrust

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp





• Look at Q/Np• Tells how engine power is being used for thrust

• 2 Possible Scenarios• Np ↓/Q ↑

• Np OK/Q ↓

• Both use the same Critical Action Items but for different reasons

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑

Analyze the Situation(Np OK/Q ↓)

• If Np is OK & Q drops, what has happened?

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

1. PCL – Mid Range2. PMU Switch – Off3. Prop Sys CB – Pull if Np stable below 40%4. PCL – As req

5. PEL – Execute

6. Prop Sys CB – Reset, as req7. PCL – Off8. Firewall Shutoff Handle – Pull9. Execute Forced Landing or Eject

UnComm Power Chg/ Loss of Pwr



• Uncommanded Power Change/Loss of Power!

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute





• Uncommanded Power Change/Loss of Power!

• 2 Possible causes:• PMU has rolled back engine (digital signal to FMU)

• FMU has a problem scheduling

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute



Take Corrective Action(Uncommanded Power Change/Loss of Power)

• Execute Uncomm Pwr Change/Loss of Pwr Critical Action Items• PCL – Midrange

• Positioning for a step-change during next step

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute






• PMU Switch – Off

• Removes digital signal from PMU to FMU

• Could be faulty signals to the PMU

• Could be faulty signals from the PMU

• PCL now controlling FMU via flexible cable

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute











• Prop Sys CB….no reason to go here as Np was fine (not a feather issue)

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute












• PCL – As required

• If power is restored (Q climbing back) then check range and move to step 5

• If no power comes back/not responsive…move PCL to manipulate FMU?

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute













• If power is restored (Q climbing back) then check range and move to step 5

• If no power comes back/not responsive…move PCL to manipulate FMU?

• PEL – Execute

• If some power came back, need to cycle PCL to see how much & what descent rate

• Compare to 1,350-1,500 FPM to decide if need to shut down (if power is insufficient)

• If decide to shut down engine…continue with steps 6-9Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute



Uncommanded Power Change/Loss of Power Summary• Unknown Engine Problem

• Look at N1/ITT – N1/ITT are OK

• Look at Q/Np – Q is dropping/Np is OK

• Identified Uncommanded Power Change/Loss of Power

• Execute Critical Action Items

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓


5. PEL – Execute



Analyze the Situation(Np ↓/Q ↑)

• Go back to the point of checking Q/Np

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather




• If Np drops & Q rises, what has happened?

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather




• If Np drops & Q rises, what has happened?

• Uncommanded Propeller Feather!

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather



• Possible causes:• PMU malfunction

• PIU malfunction

• Prop-sleeve touchdown cuts off oil to prop

• Some mechanical issue with pitch control mechanism

• Feather Dump Solenoid Valve (controlled by PCL) has opened

• Prop Servo Valve (controlled by PMU) has opened

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather



• Possible causes:• PMU malfunction

• PIU malfunction

• Prop-sleeve touchdown cuts off oil to prop

• Some mechanical issue with pitch control mechanism

• Feather Dump Solenoid Valve (controlled by PCL) has opened

• Prop Servo Valve (controlled by PMU) has opened

• The critical action items attempts to remedy most of these!

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather


Take Corrective Action(Np ↓/Q ↑)

• Execute Uncommanded Prop Feather Critical Action Items• PCL – Midrange


Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather






• Removes PMU control to PIU (more oil)

• Possible faulty signal from PMU to open Prop Servo Valve

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather








• Prop Sys CB – Pull if NP stable below 40%

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather








• Prop Sys CB – Pull if NP stable below 40%


• If prop unfeathers (Q decreasing/Np increasing), check PCL range and descent rate

• If enough power, execute step 5

• If not enough power, jump to step 6

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather


Uncommanded Prop Feather Summary

• Unknown Engine Problem

• Look at N1/ITT – N1/ITT are OK

• Look at Q/Np – Np is dropping/Q is rising

• Identified Uncommanded Prop Feather

• Execute Critical Action Items

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather


Conclusion

• Identified three main in-flight engine malfunctions and how to recognize each one

• Elicited a method for quick identification of malfunction

• Expanded on each Critical Action Item step for clear comprehension of actions

Engine Problem N1

ITT

Q Oil P

Oil T

Hyd

NpN1ITT

#1

N1 ↓ (< 60%)ITT ↓ (< 500°)

(Below Idle)

Engine Failure



Immediate Airstart





N1ITT

#2

QNp

Np (>40%)Q ↓

Np ↓Q ↑


5. PEL – Execute


UnComm Prop Feather


T-6B Engine Malfunctions In-Flight€¦ · T-6B Engine Malfunctions In-Flight Created: 16 Feb 2016...

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Transcript of T-6B Engine Malfunctions In-Flight€¦ · T-6B Engine Malfunctions In-Flight Created: 16 Feb 2016...