10/19/2010

T-110.7100 Applications and Services in Internet

Mobile Cloud

19.10.2010

Yrjö Raivio

Aalto University, School of Science and Technology

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Data Communications Software

Email: yrjo.raivio@tkk.fi

• Cloud Computing

• Motivation

• Definition

• Pricing

• Security

• Mobile Cloud

• Open Telco

• Future research topics

• Demo

Outline

10/19/20102

Cloud Computing

10/19/2010

Case ticket sales

10/19/20104

Source: http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ticketmaster.com#

Mobile capabilities

10/19/20105

Source: Kemp et al, ”Cuckoo: a Computation Offloading Framework for Smartphones”, 2010

Bottleneck:

Battery

Offloading computation

10/19/20106

• Application examples (by Kemp et al):

• Image processing

• Audio processing

• Text processing

• Artificial intelligence for games

• 3D rendering

• Security

Source: Chun & Maniatis, ”Augmented Smartphone Applications

Through Clone Cloud Execution”, 2009

Cost of Bandwidth, CPU and Storage

10/19/20107

Source: Ambrust et al, ”Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”, 2009

Bottleneck: Bandwidth

Example: 1 TB drive, 1 Gbit/s I/O = 2 h 13 min

Definition

10/19/20108

– “Cloud computing is a model for

enabling convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of

configurable computing resources

(e.g., networks, servers, storage,

applications, and services) that can be

rapidly provisioned and released with

minimal management effort or service

provider interaction.”

Source: P. Mell and T. Grance, “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing”, 2009

What is cloud computing

10/19/20109

1. The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand, thereby eliminating the need for Cloud Computing users to plan far ahead for provisioning.

2. The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users, thereby allowing companies to start small and increase hardware resources only when there is an increase in their needs.

3. The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as needed (e.g., processors by the hour and storage by the day) and release them as needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they are no longer useful.

Source: Ambrust et al, ”Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”, 2009

Nothing new?

10/19/201010

• The interesting thing about Cloud Computing is that we’ve redefined Cloud Computing to include everything that we already do. . . . I don’t understand what we would do differently in the light of Cloud Computing other than change the wording of some of our ads.

Larry Ellison, quoted in the Wall Street Journal, September 26, 2008

• It’s stupidity. It’s worse than stupidity: it’s a marketing hype campaign. Somebody is saying this is inevitable — and whenever you hear somebody saying that, it’s very likely to be a set of businesses campaigning to make it true.

Richard Stallman, quoted in The Guardian, September 29, 2008

Pros and Cons

10/19/201011

•Remote and shared computing over the Internet

•Consists of components that communicate through APIs

!

•Simple architecture

•Efficient usage of CPU (>50%)

•Scalability

•Load balancing

•Low capex

•High availability

?

•Security & Privacy

•High usage of certain CPUs

•Interoperability

•Vendor lock-in

•High opex

•SLA critical

Cloud applications (SaaS)

Cloud software environments (PaaS)

UCSB-IBM Cloud Computing

Classification Model

10/19/201012

Firmware/hardware (HaaS)

Software kernels and middleware

Cloud software InfrastructuresComputation (IaaS) Storage (DaaS) Communications (CaaS)

Source: Syed A. Ahson and Mohammad Ilyas, ”Cloud Computing and Software Services”, 2011

Open

Telco

Everything as a Service

10/19/201013

SaaS (Software as a Service)

– Ready to deploy application

– Salesforce, Gmail, SMS, voice

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

– No system administration

– Simplified development

– Scaling is provided by the PaaS framework

– Google Apps Engine, Microsoft Azure

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

– Computers owned by the cloud provider

– No hardware management issues

– Dynamic scaling of resources through virtualization

– Billing is calculated by usage only

– Amazon EC2

Sim

plicit

y

Evo

luti

on

To

tal

mark

et

40

B€

(2011)

70

% S

aa

S&

Paa

S -

30

% I

aa

S

Resource planning

10/19/201014

Source: Ambrust et al, ”Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”, 2009

• Zones

• Instance size

• Storage size

• Reserved instances

• Spot instances

• Data transfer

• Elastic IP address

• Monitoring services

• Elastic load balancing

• VPN

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

pricing parameters

10/19/201015

Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/

Security challenges and opportunities

10/19/201016

# Challenge Opportunity

1 Availability of Service Use Multiple Cloud Providers

2 Data Lock-In API standardization

3 Data Confidentiality and Auditability Deploy Encryption, VLANs, and Firewalls

4 Data Transfer Bottlenecks Higher Bandwidth LAN Switches

5 Performance Unpredictability Flash Memory

6 Scalable Storage Invent Scalable Store

7 Bugs in Large-Scale Distributed

Systems

Invent Debugger that relies on Distributed

VMs

8 Scaling Quickly Invent Auto-Scaler

9 Reputation Fate Sharing Offer reputation-guarding services

10 Software Licensing Pay-for-use licenses

Source: Ambrust et al, ”Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”, 2009

10/19/201017

Mobile Cloud

What is Mobile Cloud

10/19/201018

Cloud

Mobile

Cloud

Telecom Forum, Pekka

Markkula (TeliaSonera)

21.9.2010:

• Mobility

• E2E Security

• Context awareness

Tekes Signal Session 11.5.2010:

1. Mobile access to fixed cloud

2. Enabler for new services utilizing

the benefits of mobiles and clouds

3. Adhoc cloud based on mobiles

Open

Telco

Mobile Cloud project

10/19/201019

Private cloud

Eucalyptus

Adhoc cloud

SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

Open

Telco

Public cloud

Amazon EC2SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

Open

Telco

REST/SOAP

• HBase NoSQL cloud storage in Telecom environment, measured with TATP benchmark tool

• Earlier thesis about Cassandra NoSQL DB

• Hybrid (mobile-fixed) cloud

• Adhoc cloud

• Hadoop/MapReduce in N900

• Hybrid (private-public) cloud

• Software development process for SME

• Peak load management

• REST interface

• Security and privacy challenges

Research goals

10/19/201020

• No SQL, Not only SQL

• A family of databases for implementing storage in the cloud

• Google BigTable, Amazon SimpleDB, LinkedIn Voldemort

• Good for web-scale data and analytics, not so great for transaction processing

• Data model not relational, rather a key-value store

• Scalable by nature

• ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) relaxed in favor of BASE (Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent)

• Easier scalability, partition tolerances

HBase

10/19/201021

Test Environment

10/19/201022

• TATP benchmark

• Originally developed at Solid and Nokia, later

open-sourced

• Simulates load on an HLR database

• Ported for HBase

”HLR””MSC

Client1””MSC

Client1””MSC

Client1””MSC

Client1””MSC

Client1””MSC

Client1””MSC

Client1””MSC

Client1”

Hybrid Cloud 1x1 HBase benchmark

with single client

10/19/201023

Small VM

HBase Region Srv

HDFS DataNode

Dell Optiplex 960

HBase Master

HDFS NameNode

Benchmark Client

Small VM

HBase Region Srv

HDFS DataNode

Amazon EC2

Eucalyptus

•Amazon: 1.7 GB memory, Ubuntu Lucid 10.04 32 bit server

•Eucalyptus: 1.7 GB memory, Ubuntu Lucid 64 bit desktop

- HW: 100 Mbps LAN, PC with Intel Core 2 Duo processor and 8 GB memory

Throughput results with 1 master, 2

slaves and 1 benchmark client

10/19/201024

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Tra

nsa

ctio

ns /

se

co

nd

Subscribers (rows)

Throughput of Different Setups

1 Master, 2 Slaves, 1 Benchmark Client

Amazon Small

Amazon Large

Eucalyptus Small

Hybrid 1+1 Small

Size effect

10/19/201025

Measurements done with Amazon Large

Replication effect

10/19/201026

Measurements done with Amazon Large, 200 000 subscribers

10/19/201027

Open Telco

Open APIs exist everywhere

10/19/201028

Social media

Hobbies

Context

Ecommerce

& advertizing

Emergency

Public

sector

Travelling

Message Payment

Location

OPEN

TELCO

APIsContext

SLA

Profile

Voice Identity

Public

transportation

B2B

Universal Contact Book

10/19/20102910/19/2010

How to ensure overall user experience in this kind of complex environment?

Study the

required technologies

and select the

right onesStudy use

cases

Study different

design options

for different

environments

and contextsHow to involve

end users

in the process?

Implement

prototypes

Study

localization

options

Study which

areas affect to

the superior UX

Wow effects?

Test

prototypes

with users

• Provide open and secure interfaces (API's) into telecom

network infrastructure

• Selected information is made available through these API's for 3rd party developers

• 3rd party developers can develop innovative new services in

mash-up fashion for the benefit of the end-users

• Work started in GSMA OneAPI group,Telco 2.0 Forum and

OMA

• Our core targets

– Reviewing theoretical literature and frameworks

– Report on secure & open APIs and middleware solutions in cloud

– Analyzing business models and value networks

– Developing a demonstration system with real APIs in multi-operator & -vendor networks

Open Telco in a nutshell

10/19/201030

Architecture

10/19/201031

Developers

Support Functions

Adaptation Layer

MSS SMSC HLR …

Secure APIs

Resources

IaaS -Networks

PaaS -Service DeliveryPlatform

SaaS -Services

LCS… IMS SMSC HLR LCS…

End Users &Developers

End Users

Virtual Broker

10/19/201032

UserService

Provider

Developer

Operator

1

Operator

2

Operator

N

Virtual

Broker

Source: Yrjo Raivio, Sakari Luukkainen and Saku Seppälä: Towards Open Telco – Business Models of API

Management Providers, HICSS-44.

Cumulative profit of Finnish Open Telco

10/19/201033

-10 000 000 €

-8 000 000 €

-6 000 000 €

-4 000 000 €

-2 000 000 €

0 €

2 000 000 €

4 000 000 €

6 000 000 €

8 000 000 €

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cumulative profit Cumulative

Elisa

Sonera

DNA

TeliaSonera developer portal

10/19/201034

Application requirements for network-

based positioning in LBS

10/19/201035

Assessed by the

relative suitability of

positioning-

technologies for

location-based service

application areas.

Target 95% of users

are satisfied.

Result: A-GPS and E-

OTD/UTDOA are OK

for most applications,

E-CGI and CI-TA for

half of applications.

Navigation

Productivity

Security

Social networking

Mobile commerce

Information

A-GPS (10m)

E-OTD / UTDOA (50m)

E-CGI (400m)

CI-TA (550m)

5

4

3

2

1

0

Service example 1: Location tracing

10/19/201036

Home

69%

Work

19%

Work

travel

6%

Free

time

6%

10/19/20103710/19/201037

kassi offer

ride tkk hse

14:00

kassi

request ride

otaniemi

kamppi

14:15

Simo is driving from tkk to

hse at 14:00. You can call

him at 0501234567. To pay

some gas money to Simo,

reply ’KASSI SEND Xe'

where X is the amount.

Requester

calls Simo to

ask a ride

kassi send

1e

Your phone

bill is credited

by 1e from

0507654321

Service example 2: Kassi Mobile Rideshare

Service example 3: Event Experience

10/19/201038

Open Telco:

location,

messaging,

payment

Event

Experience(University of Hki

& Aalto)

Facebook:

event, friends,

notifications,

content sharing,

feedback

HSL:

timetables,

travel tickets

Google:

maps

Tiketti:

event

tickets

VTT:

UX, Upcode

matrix code

Nokia:

Instant

Community

Facebook view

10/19/201039

ShopTickets

Presence•Who will attend?

•Who are at the

event venue right

now?

•Who have

visited the event

venue?

Feature sheets•Tickets

•Merchandise

•Feedback

•Voting, polls

•Data sharing

•Live-feed

Mobile view

10/19/201040

Take bus 102 from

Otaniemi at 18:11

and change to

metro in Ruoholahti

at 18:34..

• A new business innovation

• Combines social networks and open APIs to provide a unified event experience

• Event and travel tickets

• Merchandise

• Pre-, on- and post event information

• Social network services, such as voting, mode, chat and grouping

• OpenNebula, Eucalyptus, Hadoop vs. Amazon EC2

• NoSQL in application servers

• Hybrid models

• Performance, scalability

• Which components to migrate to cloud

• Security policies, data compliance, private public cloud (VPN)

• Load balancing algorithm

• Business decision – to lease or not to lease

• Offloading computation from mobile to cloud

• Security (Data compliance, Location privacy, Hybrid clouds)

• LTE and cloud computing

• Data mining & Long Tail of Mobile Services

Future research topics

10/19/201041

1. Raivio, Y, Luukkainen S, & Seppälä,S 2011, ’Towards Open Telco – Business Models

of API Management Providers’, HICSS-44, Kauai, Hawaii, January 4-7, 2011.

2. Suikkola, V 2010, ‘Open Exposure of Telco Capabilities - Identification of Critical

Success Factors for Location-based Services in Open Telco’, The Sixth International

Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC 2010), Valencia,

Spain, September 20-25, 2010.

3. Raivio, Y, Luukkainen, S & Juntunen, A 2009, ‘Open Telco: A New Business

Potential’, Proceedings of the 5th ACM Mobility Conference 2009, ACM, Nice,

France, September 2 - 4, 2009.

4. Raivio, Y 2008, ‘The Broker - A Solution for Global Mobile Services’, Proceedings of

the ICIN 2008 - the 11th International Conference on Services, Enablers and

Architectures Supporting Business Models for a New Open World, Bordeaux,

France, October 20 - 23, 2008.

5. In addition, 3 papers work in progress (NoSQL, Hybrid architecture, Security

challenges in Hybrid), 3 thesis done, other 3 work in progress

Publications

10/19/201042

• Django development environment

• TeliaSonera APIs used: SMS and Location

• Fire Eagle for sharing location data

• Google Maps for maps

Demo by Alberto Vila Tena

10/19/201043