SZIU Faculty of Horticultural...

Prof. Dr. Károly Hrotkó

SZIU Faculty of Horticultural Science

Prof. Dr. Károly Hrotkó Propagation biology of horticultural plants 2

Practical groups of propagation

methods:

A) Propagation by seed1. Generative seeds

2. Apomictic seeds

3. Somatic embriogenesis → artificial seed

B) Vegetative propagation1. Autovegetativ methods (results own rooted material)

1.1. Cuttage (leaf-, leafy-, green-, softwood-, hardwood-, root

cuttings)

1.2. Layerage

1.3. Bulbs, rhizomes and other modified organs

2. Xenovegetativ methods: results composite plants (grafting,

budding)

Autovegetative propagation in nursery 3

Widespread used autovegetative propagation methods in nurseries Cuttings (green cuttings, softwood cuttings, semi-

hardwood cuttings: leafy cuttings): ornamental shrubs and trees, conifers, some rootstocks

Hardwood cuttings: ornamental shrubs and trees, berry fruits, some rootstocks, forest plants, energy plants

Micropropagation: ornamental shrubs and trees, conifers, some rootstocks

Layerage: rootstocks, berry fruits, some ornamentals Markottage: using suckers (raspberry) Root cuttings: very few application (some berry fruits,

Rhus, etc.)


Faiskola bevezető előadás

Dr. Hrotkó Károly

Mist propagation (leafy cuttings)

Hardwood cuttings

Stoolbed

Micropropagation


Possible application at plants developing propagating organs:

plantlets, (strawberry) stolons, root suckers

plants developing preformed roots (Ribes, some Prunusok, Malus, Salix, Populus)

plants developing adventitious roots (Ligustrum, Forsythia, Philadelphus)

plants developing adventive buds, shoots on root part (root cuttings)


Growth of preformed roots on Salix caprea

Plantlets for propagfation of strawberry


Preformed roots Colt cherry rootstock

Apple (J-TE-D)


Possible application at plants developing propagating organs:

plantlets, (strawberry) stolons, root suckers

plants developing preformed roots (Ribes, some Prunusok, Malus, Salix, Populus)

plants developing easily adventitious roots (Ligustrum, Forsythia, Philadelphus)

plants developing adventive buds, shoots on root part (root cuttings)


Schedule of reparative regeneration in autovegetative propagation methods Cuttings (hardwood or leafy cuttings):

regeneration after separation of propagationg material

Layerage (layering, stooling): regeneration on stockplant separation after rooting of shoots

Markottage, suckers, propagating organs:regeneration on stockplant separation after rooting of shoots

Micropropagation: regeneration after separation of propagationg material, in-vitro conditions, followed by acclimatization and hardening off


← terminal cutting

← basal cutting

Hardwood cutting


Shoot meristem in shoot tipSection of subterminal growth

Rhytidom typical to species, leaf fall, → leafless shoot

Secondary thickening, lignification

Secondary thickening,complete cambial ring,formation of secondary xylemschlerenchyma(lignification starts)


Cutting propagation (leafy cuttings): major technology elements Production of propagating material

- Stockplant management- Nutrition, plant protection- Preconditioning

Taking cuttings, cutting preparation- timing- cutting preparation- hormonal treatment

Rooting of cuttings- closed systems- intermittent mist- fog system

Raising cuttings, treatment after rooting


Shading net black foil white plastic foil

Preconditioning using covers


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

kontroll talajjal takart Raschel háló átlátszó fólia fekete fólia

gyökeresedés %

Effect of preconditioning on rooting of MM.106 cuttings


Double cover inside the polythene tent

Autovegetative propagation in nursery

22

Shading is required !


Propagation unit with intermittent mist and shading


Application of intermittent mist and shading in PE tent and glasshouse


0

20

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60

80

100

120

GF 1380 Brompton GF 31 GF 677

gyö

ker

esed

és %

kontroll

2 g/l IVS

4 g/l IVS

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

GF 1380 Brompton GF 31 GF 677

gyö

ker

esed

és %

23 nap

30 nap

37 nap

Time required for rooting of stone fruit rootstocks

Effect of IBA treatments on rooting of stone fruit rootstocks


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

május 24 június 24 július 21

gy

ök

eres

edés

%

kontroll

1g/l IVS

2 g/l IVS

3 g/l IVS

4 g/l IVS

Effect of IBA treatment on rooting of Prunus amygdalopersica GF 677 cuttings (Hrotkó 1977)


Major steps in rooting technology of hardwood cuttings I. Production of propagating material

- training and pruning of stockplants- nutrition and plant protection- preconditioning, etiolation

Taking and preparation of cuttings- Timing: easy to root plants during winter dormancy, difficult to root species only in rooting optimum- taking and cutting preparation- hormonal treatment, wounding- using antitranspirants


0

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20

30

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80

90

9. 1. 10. 1. 11. 1. 12. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 3. 1.

taking of cuttings (date)

rooti

ng (

%)

Fehér besztercei

Sainte Julien GF

655/2

Marianna GF 8-1

Polinom. (Fehér

besztercei)

Polinom. (Marianna

GF 8-1)

Polinom. (Sainte

Julien GF 655/2)


Autovegetatív szaporítások

Dr. Hrotkó Károly

Storage of cuttings- temporary storage at autumn planting- Cold storage (+ 2°C)- bottom heat → storage

Planting cuttings in open field in spring- optimal soil temperature (10-12 °C)- planting by machine or by hand- soil covering, black plastic soilc covers- mounding up

Taking care of cuttings during season Lifting specialities

Major steps in rooting technology of hardwood cuttings II.

Storage of hardwood cuttings

Autovegetative propagation in nursery

37

Bottom heat treatment should be ceased

before root initials start grow!

Bottom heat treatment of hardwood cuttings


St. Julien A hardwood cuttingsin open ground conditions

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