Database Systems: An Application-Oriented Approach (Introductory
Systems 1 Stepping Through Microsoft ® Office 2003 – Introductory Also for use with Business...
-
Upload
valerie-stevenson -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Systems 1 Stepping Through Microsoft ® Office 2003 – Introductory Also for use with Business...
Systems 1
Stepping Through Microsoft® Office 2003 – Introductory
Also for use with Business Computer Information
Systems - IPresentation Pro
Systems 3
Types of Computer Systems Multiuser computers
Mainframes Supercomputers Minicomputers Professional workstations
Multiuser computers such as mainframes and professional workstations are
generally used in a large company or government office.
Systems 4
Types of Systems (cont’d)
Personal computers Apple computers
First available in 1976 User-friendly and
graphics oriented IBM and IBM-compatible
computers First IBM in 1981 IBMs widely used in
office settings Other companies
created IBM clones
Personal computers make it possible for people to use applications not only at work
but at home, at school, while traveling—almost anywhere in the world.
Systems 5
Hardware Components
____________—physical components of a computer
Hardware includes: _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
Systems 6
Hardware Components (cont’d) The system unit includes:
Motherboard _________ _________ _________ _________ Plug-in boards Internal speaker
The motherboard contains the central processing unit (CPU), RAM and ROM
chips, and expansion slots.
Systems 7
Hardware Components (cont’d)
Input devices include: _____________ _____________ _____________ ________ ________ Pointer or touchpad Graphics tablet
Input devices such as the __________and _______ transfer data into the system unit.
Systems 8
Hardware Components (cont’d) Output devices include:
__________ __________ __________
Flat-screen monitors save a great deal of room on a workstation or desk.
Systems 9
Hardware Components (cont’d)
Storage devices include: _________ _______ Secondary storage
devices ________ ________ ________ ________ ____-_____ _______
Flash memory for small, handheld devices
The ______ ______ is the storage device at the heart of most computer systems. Newer hard drives can hold over 40 GB of data.
Systems 10
Operating Systems
___________ _________—the software that oversees and controls computer operations
A computer needs an operating system to: Pass data to and from memory and peripheral
devices Run programs Maintain the filing system for storage devices Display the user interface
Systems 11
Operating Systems (cont’d)
Computers run two types of software: ________ software—operating system and utility
programs that operate and maintain computer system
___________ software—programs that allow users to perform specific tasks
The combination of computer system and operating system is the platform
Systems 12
Operating Systems (cont’d)
Evolution of operating systems: Unix Xerox PARC system MS-DOS Windows MacOS Linux
___________ ________ is currently the most popular operating system in the
world.
Systems 13
Utility Programs
Utility programs perform “behind the scenes” duties
Utility program duties include: File management Accessibility Communication and entertainment Security
Systems 14
Utility Programs (cont’d)
File management utilities: Cleaners Error checking Defragmentation File compression Backup
Use a _________ utility to create a copy of data that you can turn to in
case of disaster to restore data.
Systems 15
Utility Programs (cont’d)
Accessibility utilities: Screen magnifier Screen reader Onscreen keyboard Speech recognition
A utility such as Windows XP’s Magnifier gives a magnified view of
the screen that can help sight-impaired users see screen details.
Systems 16
Utility Programs (cont’d)
Communication and entertainment utilities: Remote control Small office/home office (SOHO) network setup Internet setup Sound recorder Audio/video file players
Windows’ Sound Recorder utility allows you to record
speech or other sounds to add to presentations or other files.
Systems 17
Utility Programs (cont’d)
Security utilities: Antivirus Firewalls Data encryption File wiping
McAfee is a popular security utility that allows you to scan for viruses
and set up a personal firewall.
Systems 19
Application Software
__________ software—programs that allow users to perform specific tasks
Application software can be categorized by: How it is acquired How it is used
Tip
To see what kind of application software is stored on your computer, click the
____ button and then click All Programs.
Systems 20
Application Software (cont’d) How software is acquired:
Commercial software—sold in retail stores or online, or “bundled” with a new computer
Custom (proprietary) software—developed by programmers for specific users
Shareware—sold in small groups by programmers Freeware—distributed without cost by developer
Systems 21
Application Software (cont’d) How software is used:
Horizontal application software—designed to be used for a wide variety of purposes General productivity programs Graphics programs Browser and e-mail programs
Vertical application software—designed to be used for very specific purpose Games Educational programs
Systems 22
Application Software (cont’d) General productivity
programs include: Word processing
programs--___________ Spreadsheet programs--
__________ Database management
programs--__________ Presentation programs--
____________ Personal information
management programs
Programs are packaged as: Standalone (single)
programs Integrated programs Program suites
Integrated programs combine two or more programs into one program. Program suites are packages of standalone programs that can be used independently but allow for
easy data sharing.
Systems 23
Application Software (cont’d) Graphics programs include:
Paint programs Images produced by “painting” pixels Paint images also called bit-map graphics Small files, but graphics cannot be resized
Draw programs Images produced using mathematical formulas Draw images also called vector graphics Large files, but graphics can easily be edited
Systems 24
Application Software (cont’d) Browser and e-mail programs include:
Web browsers Browsers allow you to display Web pages Browsers convert HTML code into formatting features
such as fonts, margins, tables, and graphics E-mail clients
E-mail client programs send and receive messages E-mail programs also allow you to manage addresses,
set up distribution lists, and attach files to messages
Systems 25
Telecommunications
Telecommunications—technology of long-distance electronic communication
Connection types: Analog phone line ISDN DSL Cable Satellite
Many people maintain Internet connections using
satellite telecommunications.
Systems 26
Internet Communications
To access the Internet, users need: A computer with a browser An Internet connection An ________ ________ __________ (ISP)
ISPs provide access to the Internet for their subscribers ISPs also provide other services such as e-mail
Users may also subscribe to an online service Online services provide direct access to information
maintained outside the Internet
Systems 27
Internet Communications (cont’d) Types of Internet services include:
FTP Internet relay chat Instant messaging Newsgroups and
bulletin boards E-commerce Internet telephony Video conferencing
Video conferencing allows meeting participants at different locations to see
and hear each other just as if in the same room.
Systems 28
Networks
__________—two or more computers linked to each other by cabling or other media
Types of networks: Local area network (LAN)—connections within a
home, an office, or a building Metropolitan area network (MAN)—connections
within a small region Wide area network (WAN)—connections across
long distances
Systems 29
Networks (cont’d)
Network components: Node—any device on a network File servers—data storage for the nodes Physical media—cabling or connections that
transmit data on the network Network interface card (NIC)—connects the
computer to the network Network operating system—establishes and
maintains connections between nodes and file servers
Systems 30
Networks (cont’d)
Network topologies include: Bus topology—single cable runs the length of the
network Star topology—each node connects to a hub
through which data travels to the file server Ring topology—each node connects to the next in
a circular arrangement
Systems 31
Networks (cont’d)
Network protocols—standards that describe how different network devices communicate with each other
When data is transmitted from a sending computer, it travels through layers Each layer has a specific function and has its own
protocols A protocol stack is the series of layers through
which data moves
Systems 32
Networks (cont’d)
LAN standards Ethernet
Used with bus and star topologies Can transmit data at 10 Mbps; Fast Ethernet can
transmit data at 100 Mbps Token Ring
Used with ring topology Can transmit data at 4 or 16 Mbps
LocalTalk Macintosh system uses phone cables and bus topology Can transmit data at 230 Kbps