SYSTEM & EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION -...

YOUR SUSPENDED EQUIPMENT & FALL PROTECTION EXPERTS

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sSYSTEM & EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION

Pro-Bel Group Ltd.(Head Office)765 Westney Road SAjax, ON L1S 6W1905-427-0616 - local 800-461-0575 - toll free905-427-2545 - [email protected]

New Office Coming Soon! Pro-Bel Group Ltd.65 Sunray StreetWhitby, ON L1N 8Y3

Pro-Bel Group Ltd. (Western Canada) #103 - 350 East Kent Avenue Vancouver, BC V5X 4N6604-687-1301 - local 800-975-0842 - toll free604-687-1306 - [email protected]

Pro-Bel Group Ltd. (California)29320 Union City Blvd. Union City, CA 94587510-477-9666 - local 866-577-6235 - toll free510-477-9555 - [email protected]

Pro-Bel Enterprises Ltd.(United Arab Emirates)Office Number: M 29Executive Business CenterAbu Dhabi, UAE (971) 2-495-2816 - local (971) 2-495-2817 - local (971) 2-674-0066 - fax

PB Solutions (Rio de Janeiro – Head Office)Rua Barão de Iguatemi, 364 – 2 andarPraça da Bandeira - Rio de Janeiro20270-060 – RJ – Brazil(55) 21 2502 1033 - [email protected]

General Overview...........................................................................Page G-3

Pro-Bel Systems - Introduction..............................................................G-4Basic Uses G-4Product Description G-4 Limitations G-5

Primary Suspension Equipment G-6Suspended Bosun’s Chair G-6Non-Permanent Suspended Single Work Cage G-7Non-Permanent Suspended Platform G-8Suspended Permanent Powered Platform G-9Roof Car Systems G-10

Primary Suspension Supports G-11Direct Rigging Systems G-11Davit Systems G-12Outrigger Beam Systems G-13Monorail Systems G-14Rigging Sleeve Systems G-15

Fall Arrest & Restraint Systems G-16* Safety & Tie-Back Anchors G-16* Horizontal Cable Lifeline Systems G-17

Horizontal Trolley Rail Lifeline System G-18

Pro-Bel Features......................................................................................G-19

Standards/Codes/Regulations............................................................... G-19

Liability..................................................................................................... G-20

Building/Labor Codes.............................................................................G-21

Related Work By Others......................................................................... G-22

Building Design Considerations............................................................ G-23

Planning G-23Retrofitting G-23Fall Arrest Systems G-23Minimum Requirement G-23Engineer Certification G-24Anchor Design G-24Anchor Locations G-25Parapets G-26Working Drawing Options G-26Stabilization G-27

Rescue......................................................................................................G-29

Inspection And Maintenance.................................................................. G-29

Additional Product Data..........................................................................G-30

Installation G-30Roofing Consideration G-30Availability & Cost G-30Warranty G-30Technical Consultation G-30Related Data G-30Other Products G-30

Pro-Bel Group Ltd....................................................................................G-31

Cover photo and those on pages G-2 and G-3show that today’s architectural trends presentunique challenges for the design and implemen-tation of window cleaning/suspended mainte-nance systems.

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C O N T E N T S

Indicates additional product literature is available with more detailed information.

An obvious challenge facing workers inthe high rise, window cleaning/suspend-ed maintenance industry is the addedproblem and danger associated withheight. It is imperative that personnel bein the business of safety and not justmaintenance.

Suspended access is a highly specializedarea requiring a practical working knowl-edge of professional window cleaningmethods, structural engineering, safety

regulations, building codes and the corre-lation between primary equipment andfall protection requirements.

The concept of fall protection is a rela-tively new industry, however, workersafety is a serious concern with OSHAinspection authorities. Unfamiliarity withsafety issues on the part of the designercan often lead to stop work orders, cita-tions, fines, and subsequent court actionas well as multi-million dollar third partylawsuits.

Standards for fall protection specifyingFall Arrest Equipment were issued byOSHA in 1990 as part of a revised Pow-ered Platform final rule. Similar standardsfor fall arrest are pending for Construc-tion, General Industry, and other specificindustries, however, OSHA is relying onthe Powered Platform appendix rules tocover other industry presently.

The ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 Window CleaningSafety Standard, initiated and developedby the International Window CleaningAssociation (Section 4.1.1) requires that“all buildings where window cleaning isperformed that employ suspended equip-ment shall be equipped with roof anchor-ages or other approved devices whichwill provide for the safe use of the equip-ment in conformance with the provisionsof this Standard.”

It is common practice for workersengaged in the suspended maintenanceof buildings, for example window clean-ers, to be provided with auxiliary safetylines for use in emergency situations,such as those which occur when a sus-pended platform or bosun’s chair fails.However, many buildings are not provid-ed with suitable attachment points oranchors for alignment of these auxiliarysafety lines. Instead, the lines are oftenattached to any convenient memberaround which a rope can be tied that theworker might find available. Clearly,many of these members are not capableof supporting a worker in the event of theworker falling and when put to the test,give way or fail.

In addition to the lack of adequate safetyanchors, other factors having an effect onworker safety include:

The complexity of low, medium andhigh rise construction i.e. set-backs,unconventional roof lines, slopes, cor-nices, sun shades, proliferation ofglazed atriums, and other exotica.

Inadequate inspection and mainte-nance of existing window cleaningequipment.

Unless the building has been designedfor the provision of suitable anchoragepoints for the suspended access equip-ment being employed, including separatefall protection, eventually conditions willcombine to produce a disastrous fall.

G E N E R A L OV E RV I E W

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For all buildings three stories and high-er, workers performing maintenanceusing suspended access equipmentrequire a properly designed fall arrestsystem that is separate and independentfrom the primary rigging system.

BASIC USESGenerally, Pro-Bel window cleaning/sus-pended access equipment and fall pro-tection systems are recommended for allbuildings three stories and higher wherewindows or building facades are access-ed and maintained from the roof usingsuspended bosun’s chair, single workcage, or platform. In addition to windowcleaning applications, Pro-Bel productsare recommended for:

The facade maintenance of most build-ings, which require at least tie-back andlifeline anchors (used interchangeablyfor the tie-back of conventional equip-ment, securing of lifelines and the directrigging of descent controlled bosun’s chair);

Instances of where conventional equip-ment supplied by the maintenance con-tractor is not practical (unsuitable set-up, takes too long to rig, unsafe, etc).

Overhangs, where it is difficult to reachfacades (can be serviced using mono-rails and/or rigging sleeves);

Sloped roofs, which create uniqueaccess requirements (can be servicedusing a combination of horizontal cable/rail travel restraint system and primaryequipment e.g. anchors, davits, and/oroutriggers);

Roofing or any roof maintenance whereworkers are working without the protec-tion of a regulation 42” (1067 mm) highguard rail or parapet;

Terraces (anchorages can be recessedbelow terrace surface);

Atriums, where access to and suspen-sion from the highest point of the atriumis required. Monorails, gantries and/orrigging sleeves are typically used.

Construction, restoration, cleaning, glassreplacement, sandblasting, caulking,painting, color coating, and other con-struction operations.

Fall protection for ladder work wherepersonnel (using full body harness andlanyard) are working at a height of 10’-0”(3 m) or more above ground or on a roofor other elevated work area;

Interior or exterior industrial appli-cations e.g. servicing security cam-eras, lighting, flagpole, overheadcrane, wherever maintenance person-nel are exposed to falls from elevation;

New construction or retrofit.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONPro-Bel window cleaning/suspendedmaintenance equipment and fall protec-tion systems are designed for use with alltypes of suspended equipment including:

Descent controlled bosun’s chair sup-plied and used by professional windowcleaners/exterior maintenance person-nel.

Temporary platforms including singlework cages (conventional* equipment)typically brought to the site by mainte-nance contractors.

Pro-Bel provides architects, roof design-ers and building owners with completesystems from concept to the manufac-ture, furnishing and installation of the fol-lowing:

Fall Arrest/Restraint Systems• Safety & Tie-back Anchors• Horizontal Cable Lifeline Systems• Horizontal Rail Lifeline Systems

Primary Suspension Supports• Direct-to-Safety-Anchor Rigging Sys-

tems (see Safety & Tie-Back Anchorsliterature)

• Davit Systems• Outrigger Beam Systems • Monorail & Gantry Systems• Rigging Sleeve Systems

Primary Suspension EquipmentPermanent Powered Platforms,Single Work Cages, Gantries andTrack Mounted Roof Car Systems

PRO-BEL SYSTEMS _ INTRODUCTION

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*Conventional equipment is considered contractor supplied systems or equipment such as out-rigger beams with counterweights, parapet wall clamps, cornice hooks and similar devices whichmust be tied back to permanently installed safety anchors.

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SEPARATEFALL

ARRESTSYSTEM

FOREACH

WORKER

PRIMARYSUSPENSIONLINE

ROOF PAVERSFOR ROOFPROTECTION

POWEREDPLATFORM

SINGLEWORK CAGE


BOSUN’S CHAIR

FALLARRESTLIFELINE

PRO-BEL ROOF MOUNTEDSAFETY ANCHORS

PRO-BEL PORTABLEOUTRIGGER BEAMW/ DOLLEY WHEELSTIED DOWN TOROOF ANCHOR

MECHANICAL ROOM PENTHOUSECONCRETE WALL

PRO-BEL WALL MOUNTED SAFETY ANCHORS


FALL ARRESTLIFELINE

PRO-BELDAVITARMS

Typical rigging and fall arrest requirement scenarios using Pro-Bel safety lifeline and tie-back anchors.

WALK- THROUGHSTIRRUP

Pro-Bel engineered systems aredesigned to suit the work practices ofprofessional window cleaners and othersworking at height while meeting themandatory fall arrest requirements ofOSHA.

Indicates additional product literatureis available with more detailed informa-tion.

LIMITATIONS

The selection of suspended accessequipment is a performance oriented andhighly specialized area requiring exper-tise in rigging methods, safety issues,OSHA Standards/State Codes, andstructural engineering including testingand certification, all supported by specif-ic liability insurance (products and com-pleted operations) covering failure of pri-mary suspension equipment and safetyanchors. Companies such as miscella-neous metal fabricators, who are not nor-mally engaged in the design and manu-facture of window cleaning/suspendedmaintenance equipment should not bepermitted to bid on projects, for bothsafety and liability reasons.

Pro-Bel provides a free design service, thereby obtaining an intimate knowledge of theproject in order for architects to specify the most appropriate equipment.

Pro-Bel roof rigged davits with modularpowered platform system.

Pro-Bel safety anchors, in addition tosecuring worker’s lifelines, are a practicalmeans of suspending a bosun’s chairequipped with a descent control device.

Pro-Bel modular powered platform systemsuspended via a roof rigged davit assem-bly.

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Highrise safety is primarily a designissue, not an equipment selection issuealone. There is not a building that cannot(and should not) be properly and safelyrigged. However, before detailing anyequipment, architects and other roofdesigners need to be advised as to howthe building will be rigged. This must bedone on a project-to-project basis. See“Technical Consultation” on page G-30.

SUSPENDED BOSUN’S CHAIR

With Descent Control Device

DescriptionThe descent controlled bosun’s chair isone of the most common and populartypes of equipment employed for exteriorbuilding maintenance. The main advan-tage is that the chair is lightweight andsimple to rig. Chairs are considered con-ventional equipment supplied by the win-dow cleaning or other type contractor. Adescent control device is primarily intend-ed to allow downward movement only.

Direct Rigging (Direct-to-Safety-Anchor)

Pro-Bel safety anchors provide an effec-tive, practical means for directly securinga bosun’s chair equipped with a descentcontrol device. The chair is rigged direct-ly to wall or roof anchors in line with thepoint of suspension, and the primary syn-thetic rope suspension lines are normallyprotected at the roof edge using contrac-tor supplied carpet or other anti-abrasionprotection devices. Alternatively, contrac-tor supplied equipment such as outriggerbeams with counterweights, parapet wallclamps or cornice hooks can be used tosuspend the chair. These devices mustbe tied back to permanently installedsafety anchors. Refer to Pro-Bel Safe-ty & Tie-Back Anchors literature formore detailed information.

Note: When the roof edge is not capableof supporting the applied loads, primarysuspension support equipment such asoutriggers supported on blocks or beamdollys, or davits, must be considered. Aseparate independent wall or roof anchoris required to secure the worker’s lifeline.

OSHA Ruling on Descent Control Devices

Descent control devices employed for windowcleaning or other exterior maintenance may beused in accordance with an OSHA Memoran-dum dated March 12, 1991 (Patricia K. Clark— Director, Directorate of Compliance Pro-grams). OSHA expects employers whoseemployees use descent control devices toimplement the following procedures and pre-cautions:

Training of employees prior to use.Inspection each day before use.Proper rigging, including sound anchoragesand tie-backs in all cases.Use of a separate fall arrest system whichwill quickly stop the employee's fall.All rigging lines to be capable of sustaining aminimum tensile load of 5000 lbs (22.2 kN).Provisions for rescue.Ropes are effectively padded where theycontact surfaces which might cut or weakenthe rope.Provisions are made for stabilization fordescents in excess of 130'-0" (39.6 m) atthe specific work location i.e. window.

Note: On October 25, 2001 the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) approvedthe International Window Cleaning Association(IWCA) I-14.1 Window Cleaning Safety stan-dard for publication as ANSI/IWCA I-14.1-2001. This standard addresses the safe use ofdescent control equipment i.e. rope descentsystems (RDS). Descents shall not exceed

300’-0” (91 m) above grade unless the windowscannot be safely and practically accessed byother means.

Exceptions to Federal OSHAOSHA regulations may vary with states e.g.New York and California. New York does notallow the use of descent control equipment atall, except for block and tackle controlledbosun’s chair up to 75’-0” (23 m) height, andCalifornia limits descent controlled bosun’schair use to 130’-0” (39.6 m) height on existingbuildings providing an OPOS (Operating Pro-cedure Outline Sheet) has been developed,and to 75’-0” (23 m) for block and tackle onother type manual chairs. New installationsmust be designed using suspended platformequipment only.

Use (Descent Control Devices)Normally for descents of any height.However, for descents in excess of 130’-0”(39.6 m) OSHA requires provision forproper anchorages and local stabilizatione.g. suction cups, hooks or grippingdevices.

Primary Suspension Support Options

Contractor Supplied EquipmentOutrigger beams with counterweights,parapet wall clamps or cornice hooks tiedback to permanently installed anchors.See “Limitations” as per Non-PermanentSuspended Single Work Cage, page G-7.

Permanent EquipmentDirect rigging systems (direct-to-safety-anchor)Davit systemsPortable outrigger beam systems(inboard end pinned to safety anchor)MonorailsRigging Sleeves

Bosun’s chair with descent control is oneof the most common types of equipmentemployed by the window cleaning trade.

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P r i m a r y S u s p e n s i o n E q u i p m e n t

If the parapet wall is structurally sufficient, a bosun’s chair can be practically and effec-tively secured to a safety anchor. This is known as direct rigging. When the parapet is notcapable of supporting the applied loads, primary suspension support equipment such asoutrigger beam with dolly, or davits, must be considered. See Primary Suspension Sup-port Options on this page.

PRO-BELROOFANCHORS

LIFELINE

TIE-BACKANCHOR

OUTRIGGERBEAM WITHDOLLY

BOSUN’SCHAIR(DIRECTRIGGING)

BOSUN’SCHAIR

BOSUN’SCHAIR

LIFELINE

LIFELINE



ROOF PAVERSFOR ROOFPROTECTION

DAVITARM

PRO-BELWALL ANCHORS

MECHANICAL ROOM CONCRETE WALL

PRIMARY SUSPENSIONLINE

DescriptionWork cages, typically 3’-0” (1 m) in lengthare often used in place of bosun’s chairwhere both descent and ascent capabili-ty is desired. They are usually equippedwith power motor climbers similar tothose used for platforms. Some areequipped with platform extensions for awider work area. Accessories includeground casters to facilitate horizontalmovement, face or side bumpers, androllers to protect the building face.

Work cages (conventional equipment)are normally rented or supplied by thewindow cleaning or other type mainte-nance contractor and are typically groundrigged. Roof rigging is possible providedthe building is equipped with roof-rig typedavit arms.

Steel cable primary suspension lines areattached to support equipment on the

roof. A separate worker fall arrest systemis required, consisting of a synthetic ropelifeline tied off to its own independentrooftop safety anchor.

UseNormally for buildings of any heightand/or confined areas.

Primary Suspension Support OptionsNon-Permanent EquipmentContractor supplied equipment e.g. out-rigger beams with counterweights; para-pet wall clamps. To be tied back to per-manently installed safety anchors. Referto Safety & Tie-back Anchors literaturefor more detailed information.

Permanent EquipmentDavit SystemsPortable outrigger beam systems(inboard end pinned to safety anchor)MonorailsDirect rigging to soffit anchorsRigging sleeves

LimitationsBuilding designers must recognize theintent and limitations of window cleaningcontractor supplied (conventional) equip-ment such as the transportable outriggerbeams and parapet wall clamps used tosuspend single work cages (and bosun’schairs).

Conventional (non-permanent) parapetwall clamps, when used with a singlework cage (or bosun’s chair), aredesigned to be suspended directly from astructurally adequate parapet wall. Thewall must be capable of supporting theapplied loads.

Conventional (non-permanent) outriggerbeams employing counterweights whenused with a single work cage (or bosun’schair), typically rest on a low, structurallyadequate parapet wall capable of sup-porting the applied loads. Alternatively, anon-structural parapet wall can becleared by supporting the beams viablocks or by using a beam dolly, or a davitsystem must be considered. Outrigger

beams are typically 10’-0” to 15’-0” (3 mto 4.6 m) long and have a reach of 3’-0”(915 mm) or less beyond the edge of theroof. They require sufficient space on theroof to accommodate the inboard portionof the beam which must be tied back toan anchor. See Pro-Bel OutriggerBeam Systems or Davit Systems liter-ature.

NON-PERMANENT SUSPENDED SINGLE WORK CAGE(Transportable)

Motorized single work cages often replacebosun’s chair where both descent andascent capabilities are required.

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Plan View of Roof Showing SampleAnchor Layout For Single Work Cage

SEE PRO-BEL SAFETY & TIE-BACK ANCHORSLITERATURE FOR MORE INFORMATION ANDANCHOR SPACING CHART

OUTSIDE FACE OFWALL OR BUILDING

WINDOWLOCATION

CONVENTIONALOUTRIGGER BEAMWITH COUNTER-WEIGHTS

OFFSET DISTANCE

PRIMARY SUS-PENSION TIE-BACK ANCHOR

INDEPEN-DENT FALLARRESTLIFELINEANCHOR

Typical wall mount anchors for tie-back,direct rigging, or lifeline anchoring.

LIFELINE LOCATED NOMORE THAN 15DEGREES FROMPERPENDICULAR

TIE-BACK LINEFOR OUTRIGGERLOCATED NOMORE THAN 15DEGREES FROMPERPENDICULAR

POINT OF SUSPENSION(DROP) FOR WORKCAGE

DescriptionTransportable suspended platforms (con-ventional equipment) are normally rentedor supplied by the suspended mainte-nance contractor and often consist of astandard one piece platform usually man-ufactured of aluminum. Available inlengths from 8’-0” to 39’-0” (2.4 m to 11.9 m)long, with 20’-0” to 24’-0” (6 m to 7.3 m)being the most popular.

Some platforms are modular and employvarious combinations of shorter platformsections which are designed to be con-nected together and provide greater flex-ibility.

Accessories include: ground casters tofacilitate horizontal movement; face orside bumpers; rollers to protect the build-ing face; and walk-through type stirrupsto extend platform beyond suspensionpoints.

Steel cable primary suspension lines areattached to supports on the roof. Non-permanent platforms are typically groundrigged. Roof rigging is possible providedthe building is equipped with roof-rig type

davit arms. A separate fall arrest system is required for each worker, consisting ofa synthetic rope lifeline tied off to its ownindependent rooftop safety anchor.

UseGenerally, non-permanent platforms canbe used for ascent or descent of anyheight or where it is not practical to usebosun’s chair or single work cage, andwhere other conditions dictate.

ExceptionsNon-permanent powered platforms canonly be used in New York state for win-dow cleaning on buildings that are under75’-0” (23 m) in height. The state of Cali-fornia restricts the height to 130’-0” (39.6 m).

Primary Suspension Support OptionsNon-Permanent EquipmentContractor supplied equipment e.g. out-rigger beams with counterweights; para-pet wall clamps. To be tied back to per-manently installed safety anchors. Referto Pro-Bel Safety & Tie-Back Anchorsliterature for more detailed informa-tion.

Permanent EquipmentDavit systemsPortable outrigger beam systems(inboard end pinned to safety anchor)MonorailsDirect rigging to soffit anchorsRigging sleeves

LimitationsBuilding designers must recognize theintent and limitations of window cleaningcontractor supplied (conventional) equip-ment.

Conventional (non-permanent) parapetwall clamps, when used with a temporaryplatform, are designed to be suspendeddirectly from a structurally adequateparapet wall. The wall must be capable ofsupporting the applied loads and clampsmust be tied back to an anchor.

Conventional (non-permanent) outriggerbeams employing counterweights whenused with a non-permanent platform, typ-ically rest on a low, structurally adequateparapet wall capable of supporting theapplied loads. Alternatively, a non-struc-tural parapet wall can be cleared by sup-porting the beams via blocks, using abeam dolly, or a davit system must beconsidered. Outrigger beams are typical-ly 10’-0” to 15’-0” (3 m to 4.6 m) long andhave a reach of 3’-0” (915 mm) or lessbeyond the edge of the roof. They requiresufficient space on the roof to accommo-date the inboard portion of the beamwhich must be tied back to an anchor.

See Pro-Bel Outrigger Beam Sys-tems or Davit Systems literature.

P R O - B E L S Y S T E M S P r i m a r y S u s p e n s i o n E q u i p m e n t ( c o n t i n u e d )

NON-PERMANENT SUSPENDED PLATFORM(Transportable)

Transportable platforms are available in fixed length and modular systems and areusually supplied by the window cleaning/suspended maintenance contractor.

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Plan View of Roof Showing SampleAnchor Layout For Non-PermanentSuspended Platform

CONVENTIONALOUTRIGGERBEAMS WITHCOUNTER-WEIGHTS

TIE-BACK LINEFOR OUTRIG-GER LOCATEDNO MORE THAN15 DEGREESFROM PERPEN-DICULAR

TIE-BACKLINE FOROUTRIGGERLOCATED NOMORE THAN15 DEGREESFROM PER-PENDICULAR

LIFELINES

TIE-BACKANCHOR

TIE-BACKANCHOR

LIFELINEANCHORS

PARAPET WALL

PLATFORM

DescriptionFrom an economic standpoint, the objec-tive is to use a conventional maintenancecontractor supplied temporary platformwhenever possible. However, there arespecific instances when permanent plat-forms are or can be considered manda-tory. These include:

When building/labor codes dictate e.g.New York and California, over certainbuilding heights.

When conventional ground rigged plat-forms are impractical due to wind haz-ard, stability problems, weight of sus-pension lines, and similar issues gen-erally related to buildings over 300’-0”(90 m) in height.

Overseas applications e.g. Asia, Pacif-ic Rim countries, the Middle East, East-ern Europe and similar locations wheretemporary platforms are not typicallyemployed or accepted.

Permanent platforms are or can beequipped with added safety features overand above that required for non-perma-nent platforms in compliance with OSHA1910.66, Subpart F e.g. tall stirrup designwhich provides a means of suspension torestrict platform inboard to outboard roll,screened in platform, stabilizer tie-indevices, fire extinguisher, building facerollers, casters, power cable bin, and pri-mary cable wire winders. An emergencyaction plan is also required.

See Pro-Bel Permanent PoweredPlatforms literature for building elec-trical supply requirements.

Electrical power outlets are to be locatedat each roof level no more than 100’-0”(30 m) from window cleaning/suspendedequipment locations. The power require-ments at designated outlets are to becapable of providing 208 volts, 3 phase,60 Hertz, 30 amperes at each receptacleexcept for a permanent powered platformwhich requires 230 volts. The outletsshould not experience more than 3%voltage drop under full load.

Permanent platforms are also equippedwith added electrical safety features e.g.3 phase reversal and phase failure,upper limit control device, lower limit con-trol device, slack wire rope device, over-load limiting device, and lateral leveling.

Normally a modular-type platform, per-manent platforms are usually manufac-tured of aluminum and are available in

connectable sections designed to suitbuilding platform “drops”. Accessoriesinclude: building face rollers to protectthe building face; special adjustable rolleror caster systems for use on slopingglass surfaces; and walk-through typestirrups to extend platform beyond sus-pension points and to accommodate adetachable single work cage.

Steel cable primary suspension lines areattached to primary suspension supportson the roof. ‘T’ Type platforms employtwo cable suspension with separate fallarrest lifelines tied off to their own inde-pendent rooftop safety anchors. ‘F’ Typeplatforms employ four cable suspensionwith fall arrest lanyards secured to theplatform (no separate hanging lifelines).

‘T’ Type platforms are more commonlyused for window cleaning on buildingsunder 130’-0” (39.6 m). ‘F’ Type platformsare more commonly used over 130’-0”(39.6 m) due to concerns for weight andstabilization of hanging lines i.e. windhazard.

UseGenerally, permanent powered platformswith motors mounted on platform can beused for ascent or descent of any build-ing height up to 490’-0” (150 m). Overthis height, it is recommended motors bemounted to equipment at roof level.

Mandatory in New York State for build-ings of 75’-0” (23 m) height and higher,and mandatory in California State forbuildings of 130’-0” (39.6 m) height andhigher.

Interior or exterior

Primary Suspension Support OptionsPowered platform installations perma-nently dedicated to exterior or interiorbuilding maintenance are intended to beused in conjunction with any of the fol-lowing permanently installed supportequipment:

Davit systems, including rolling davittrack systems, and roof carsPermanent outrigger systemsMonorailsRigging sleeves

Refer to Permanent PoweredPlatforms literature for moreinformation.

SUSPENDED PERMANENT POWERED PLATFORM(Permanent Installation)

This Pro-Bel permanent powered platformemploys Pro-Bel 14’-0” (4.3 m) long spandavit booms to clear roof terraces and cor-nice at lower level. The Millennium build-ing, New York, NY.

Pro-Bel modular powered platform systemsuspended from roof rigged davits.

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P R O - B E L S Y S T E M S P r i m a r y S u s p e n s i o n E q u i p m e n t ( c o n t i n u e d )

ROOF CAR SYSTEMS

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DESCRIPTION

Dedicated to a specific building and owner purchased, Pro-Belroof car systems and similar equipment e.g. rubber tire and longspan boom machines, represent a generation of suspendedmaintenance equipment above that of other primary riggingequipment. A roof car, normally mounted at the highest elevationof the building, travels along I-Beam tracks, pipe rails, or con-crete corridors/runways.

Roof cars are engineered to accommodate long span boomsmaking it possible to extend the platform beyond terraces orroofs at lower levels. This feature can reduce or eliminate theneed for additional roof cars, davits, or other primary equipmentat lower levels.

Another consideration in “super-skyscraper” applications is thelength of the control cable required to operate the hoisting mech-anism. To eliminate the need for a control cable between theplatform and the roof car, Pro-Bel employs a remote controlledhoisting system or control cable interwoven with any one of thefour platform suspension cables to raise and lower the platform.

USE

Permanent powered platforms rigged with conventional perma-nent support equipment such as davits, outrigger beams, mono-rails, etc. are impractical on modern skyscrapers. Many of thesebuildings require roof cars in order to accommodate multi-levelrigging, long span reaches, high parapets and other complicat-ed building geometries.

A motorized roof car system also provides complete horizontalmovement via a roof mounted track system or a rubber tiremachine. These systems significantly reduce the setup timebetween stage drops.

Generally there are two types of roof cardesigns:

1. With traction hoists and wire winders on the platform

This design is suited to buildings under490’-0” (150 m) in height, however theplatform is typically small e.g. maximum10’-0” (3 m), to accommodate the addedweight of the suspension lines andpower cord. The benefits of this type ofroof car include being able to transferthe platform to other roofs for use withconventional supports, e.g. davits, out-riggers, monorails, etc., and platformoccupants can lower the platform to theground using a descent control featurein the event of a power failure. See Pro-Bel Permanent Powered Platforms liter-ature.

2. With drum hoists at roof level on the roofcar

This design is suited to buildings over490’-0” (150 m) in height requiring aplatform longer than 10’-0” (3 m). Thebenefits of this type of roof car includeeliminating the added weight of the sus-

Roof car with traction hoists and wire winders on roof car. Platform is 40’-0” (12.2 m) long.

pension cables which are now coiled atroof level using drum type hoists. Also,to eliminate the added weight of thepower cord on the platform, a controlcable can be interwoven in any one ofthe suspension cables or a radio-typeremote control can be used to raise andlower the platform. A limitation of this

type roof car is that with the main con-trols at roof level, in the event of a powerfailure a communication and trainingsystem is necessary to permit a workeron the roof to activate the descent con-trol apparatus allowing the platform tosafety descend to the ground.

Roof car with traction hoists and wire winders on platform. Plat-form is 10’-0” (3 m) long.

DIRECT RIGGING SYSTEMS(Direct-to-Safety-Anchor)

DescriptionPro-Bel safety anchors are an effective,practical means of directly securingbosun’s chair with decent control equip-ment, the most popular method of win-dow cleaning today. They are also com-monly used to secure lifelines and to tieback primary suspension equipmentsuch as conventional (contractor sup-plied) outriggers and parapet wallclamps.

Note: Pro-Bel tie-back/lifeline anchorsand direct rigging anchors are thesame and are used interchangeably.Refer to Pro-Bel Safety & Tie-BackAnchors literature for complete prod-uct data.

The chair suspension line is riggeddirectly to an anchor in line with the pointof suspension. A separate independentanchor on the roof is required to securethe worker’s fall arrest lifeline.

Safety Anchor TypesThere are literally dozens of Pro-Belanchor products available. Each hasbeen engineered to satisfy a particularjob requirement. They can be catego-rized as follows:

PB Series Wall Anchors

PBE Series Wall Anchors

PB Series Roof Anchors

PBE Series Roof Anchors

UsePrimary suspension support for bosun’schair employing descent control equip-ment.

For all types of wall construction.

For all types of roof construction regard-less of composition or complexity.

Typical Pro-Bel wall anchor through-boltedinto concrete mechanical room wall. Canbe adapted to suit any wall type. See pageG-23 for cast-in-place detail.

Typical Pro-Bel roof anchor secured toroof structure using any one of a variety ofmethods e.g. cast-in-place, bolt-through,welding, or chemical adhesive (retrofit).See page G-23 for through-bolt-detail.

Two window cleaners are shown direct rigging to separate and independent roof anchors.

Single ply roof showing typical Pro-Belroof anchor. Reliable flashing/sealing tech-niques are employed to satisfy virtuallyany roof membrane condition.

Due to stringent government standards,anchor placement requirements i.e. in linewith the point of suspension and free falldistance, anchors must often be placed onthe roof.

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Refer to Pro-Bel Safety & Tie-BackAnchors literature for more detailedinformation.

P r i m a r y S u s p e n s i o n S u p p o r t s

DAVIT SYSTEMS

DescriptionAs with outrigger beams, Pro-Bel davits,are used singularly or in pairs, and pro-vide an efficient means for suspendingbosun’s chairs, single work cages or plat-forms. Available in aluminum or steel,with aluminum being the most populardue to weight and ease of handling.Davits are very popular on buildings withvarious terrace levels. Each worker’s life-line must be secured to a separate inde-pendent safety anchor.

DAVIT TYPES & RIGGING METHODS

Portable Davits: dedicated to a specificbuilding and capable of being movedmanually from work location to work loca-tion within the dedicated area.

Fixed Davits: designed to remain at afixed location. Normally used for difficultto access areas where extra long reach isrequired.

Rolling Davits: designed to traverse onroof or wall mounted track using manual-ly operated or electric powered rollingcarriage. Can be ground rigged or roofrigged.

Ground Rigged Davits: A low davitdesigned to just clear the parapet. Pre-ferred method of rigging with windowcleaners. If using a platform, it can onlybe rigged on the ground i.e. cannot berigged on the roof and then swung overthe parapet.

Roof Rigged Davits: A davit used to raisethe suspended working platform abovethe building face being serviced. Theplatform can also be rigged on the roofand then swung over the parapet, orrigged on the ground if desired. Normallythe davit arms are 7’-0” ( 2134 mm) high-er than the parapet wall to allow for roofrigging and equipped with transportwheels and winches for ease of use.

UseSuitable for any building height (unlimitedheight) depending on type of davit select-ed and where adequate structural sup-port is provided. Can be mounted on roof,terrace or parapet wall depending uponapplication.

Roof design conditions may dictate usee.g. no space for outrigger beam suspen-sion.

Refer to Pro-Bel Davit Systems litera-ture for more detailed information.

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Pro-Bel rolling davit is designed for areaswith restricted inboard space, access orrigging options.

Pro-Bel davit with rotating head for ease ofmovement under load.

Pro-Bel portable, ground rigged davit assembly with recessed base is typically usedwhere a flush mounted deck appearance is required or desirable between maintenanceoperations. Note deck cover plate leaning against rail.

P R O - B E L S Y S T E M S P r i m a r y S u s p e n s i o n S u p p o r t s ( c o n t i n u e d )

OUTRIGGER BEAM SYSTEMS

DescriptionPro-Bel aluminum or steel outriggerbeams, used singularly or in pairs, pro-vide a practical means of suspendingbosun’s chairs, single work cages or plat-forms.

Each worker’s lifeline must be secured toa separate independent safety anchor.

OUTRIGGER BEAM TYPESDepending on factors such as roofspace, roof loads, parapet height orstrength, roof type or other factors, non-permanent “conventional” outriggerbeams with counterweights normallybrought to the site by the suspendedmaintenance contractor may not be suit-able. In this case Pro-Bel manufacturesand offers a range of engineered, struc-turally secured outrigger beam systemsdesigned to suit all roof conditions.

Portable Outrigger Beams: these beamsare designed and dedicated to a specificbuilding or roof area and capable of beingmoved from work location to work loca-tion within the dedicated area. They areattached (pinned) to permanently in-stalled bases or anchors during mainte-nance operations and placed in storagewhen not in use.

Fixed Outrigger Beams: these beams arepermanently installed equipment and aredesigned to remain at a fixed location.Typically for long spans over 10’-0” (3 m).

UseSuitable for roofs with sufficient inboarddistance and are typically for groundrigged equipment.

Long span beams are ideal for accessingdifficult-to-reach areas e.g. beyond slop-ed roofs, terraces, and sunscreens. Addi-tional inboard roof distance is required.

Roof design conditions with minimalinboard distance or lack of structural sup-ports may dictate the use of a davit sys-tem at roof edge or parapet.

Refer to Pro-Bel Outrigger Beam Sys-tems literature for more detailedinformation.

Pro-Bel portable swivel-type outrigger beam with dolly is designed to suit a specific roofarea and can be relocated within the dedicated work zone. Portable systems must bepinned to permanently installed bases or anchors during maintenance operations.

Pro-Bel fixed outrigger beam systems are designed to remain in place. Sliding beam, asshown above is ideal where inboard roof space is not restricted. Sliding beams typicallyspan over 10’- 0” (3 m) beyond the fulcrum and are available in aluminum or steel.

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MONORAIL SYSTEMS

DescriptionMonorail systems are often used toaccess difficult-to-reach or otherwiseinaccessible exterior or interior glassareas. Typically a Pro-Bel monorail sys-tem consists of an aluminum rail sectionwhich houses a traversing trolley.Secured to the building structure at 10’-0”to 12’-0” (3 m to 3.7 m) centers, mono-rails are normally used for platform workand single work cage, however, they arealso ideal for bosun’s chair or direct lan-yard application. For platform, four trol-leys are required (two for the primarysuspension and two for worker’s life-lines). For a cage, two trolleys arerequired (one for primary suspension andone for worker lifeline).

Rails, which can be straight or radiused,may be left exposed or concealed in sof-fit or ceiling spaces. Whatever the appli-cation, the platform is “slid” along themonorail.

Typically, workers access monorails via alocalized window, hatch, rigging sleeve orladder. They then suspend their linesfrom the monorail and return to the firstfloor or lower level to ground rig their plat-form. One of the most overlooked itemsby design professionals is the provisionfor localized access and fall protection forworkers to approach monorails safely.

Trolley TypesPro-Bel monorail systems incorporatevarious types of trolleys e.g. manual,manual chain drive, motorized, batteryoperated, and climbing.

UseMonorail systems are ideal for the under-side of building overhangs, sloped glaz-ing/skylighting, all types of atrium glass,domes, and similar applications wher-ever continuous horizontal movement isrequired.

Workers adjust new monorail which houses four stainless steel rolling trolleys (two forplatform and two for lifelines). Ideal for underside of building overhangs and can be leftexposed or concealed in soffit or ceiling spaces. This rail is powder coated to match sof-fit.

Monorail can also be roof mounted (asshown) or wall mounted to suit application.

Pipe or I-beam monorail is ideal for interiorand exterior rolling gantry systems.Gantries can be manual or motorized forhorizontal travel.

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Perimeter skylight monorail system isused to service interior glass atrium andinterior lighting system. Monorail corner-turning hubs are utilized to facilitate auto-matic turning at corners.

P R O - B E L S Y S T E M S P r i m a r y S u s p e n s i o n S u p p o r t s ( c o n t i n u e d )

Refer to Pro-Bel Monorail Sys-tems literature for more detailedinformation.

RIGGING SLEEVE SYSTEMS

DescriptionRigging sleeves have solved many a win-dow cleaning access problem by provid-ing pathways through roofs, floors, andwalls or other vertical elements for sus-pension lines where access would other-wise be difficult, unsafe, or impossible.

Typically, workers access rigging sleeveslocated at upper levels via the roof,mechanical room floor, or soffit. Theythen suspend their lines through thesleeves and return to the first floor orlower level to ground rig their platform.

Available in many model variations, rig-ging sleeves are designed to satisfy virtu-ally any access requirement. Exampleapplications include:

• Roof mounted rigging sleeves complete with rigging bars and removable cap.

• Wall mounted rigging sleeves complete with push/pull transportable outriggersleeve.

• Floor mounted rigging sleeves completewith flush type removable rigging caps.

UseFor safe, convenient access of primarysuspension lines or lifelines through roof,floor, wall or other building elements.

Ideal for accessing sloped roofs, over-hangs, skylights or otherwise inaccessi-ble areas.

Recommended when all other conven-tional means of performing windowcleaning/maintenance cannot be used.

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Refer to Pro-Bel Rigging Sleeve Sys-tems literature for more detailedinformation.

Photo shows wall sleeve application. Whennot in service, rigging sleeves retract tointerior of building. Wall is stucco finishedmasonry. See close-up photo at right.

Curved rigging sleeves projecting from soffit (circled areas) are used to provide suspen-sion points for platform and worker lifelines for window cleaning of non-balcony windows.Grand Bay Residences, Key Biscayne, Florida.

Curved Horizontal Rig-ging Sleeve Illustration

SAFETY & TIE-BACK ANCHORS

Description

In addition, anchors which are used fortie-backs or for securing lifelines are alsoan effective, practical means for directlysecuring a bosun’s chair with descentcontrol equipment _ the most popularmethod of window cleaning today (directrigging. See page G-11).

SAFETY ANCHOR TYPESThere are literally dozens of Pro-Belanchor products available. Each hasbeen engineered to satisfy a particularjob requirement. They can be catego-rized as PB and PBE Series Wall andRoof Anchors which are available withsecurements such as:- Cast-in-place- Bolt through- Bolt around- Weldment - Chemical epoxy adhesive

UseTie-back anchors for suspension equip-ment (provides structural attachmentbetween building and support equipmentto prevent accidental movement).

Direct rigging anchors (provides structur-al attachment between building andbosun’s chair suspension lines).

Fall arrest anchors (provides structuralattachment between building and work-ers’ personal fall protection system).

Lifelines anchors are required whenworking within 6’-0” (1.8 m) of roof edgesor skylights unprotected by a 42” (1067mm) high guardrail, or in the case of sky-lights, protective screens (ANSI/IWCA I-14.1-2001, section 3.8 Fall Protection,and OSHA 1926.502).

For all types of roof or wall constructionregardless of composition or complexity.

Bosun’s chair is the equipment of choice among window cleaners. Pro-Bel safety anchorsprovide a practical means for securing lifelines or suspension equipment such as abosun’s chair with descent control.

Above are examples of typical Pro-Bel wall anchor (left) and roof anchor (right) which canbe used for both the securement of lifelines and for the tie-back of suspension equipmente.g. conventional outriggers and parapet wall clamps, or for the direct securement of abosun’s chair (direct rigging).

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F a l l A r r e s t & R e s t r a i n t S y s t e m s

A fundamental concept in the use ofsuspended access equipment such asconventional outrigger beams andparapet wall clamps is that there mustbe two independent means of supportfor each worker using the equipment.

The first means of support is the accessequipment itself tied back to an anchor.The second is usually provided by a fallarrest system consisting of a full bodyharness, lifeline and lifeline anchor.

Refer to Pro-Bel Safety & Tie-Back Anchors literature formore detailed information.

HORIZONTAL CABLE LIFELINE SYSTEMS

DescriptionWhen workers require horizontal mobilityover an extended distance while operat-ing close to a vertical drop, single pointanchors along an entire work zone maynot be feasible or desirable due to thedanger of swing fall hazards. The solutionis a fully engineered horizontal lifelinecable system.

A horizontal lifeline is a permanentlyinstalled, multi-span anchored cablerequiring more substantial end anchorsor supports. The lifeline cable serves asan attachment point for travel restraint orfall protection lanyards.

Horizontal lifelines are a highly restrictedfall protection system requiring extremelycareful engineering. These systemswhen used in high rise applications arenormally intended for restraint or thedirect attachment of a worker’s lanyard.They are not designed for direct rigging(attachment of primary suspensionequipment), or for securing tie-back lines.This is due to the potential for excessiveloading i.e. equipment failure or misuse.Horizontal cables provide safe access tosecondary rigging and safety anchoringsystems, if desired.

Pro-Bel offer two types of horizontalcable lifeline systems, as follows:

1. ”Hands-Free” Horizontal Lifeline

2. Double Lanyard (DL) Horizontal

Lifeline

UseFor horizontal, sloped or vertical mobilityover extended distances while workingclose to a vertical drop e.g. within 6’-0”(1.8 m) of roof edge, skylight, or any high,narrow, level roof area or walkway notprotected by a 42” (1067 mm) highguardrail (ANSI/IWCA I-14.1-2001 andOSHA 1926.502).

As an alternative to single anchor pointswhen independent anchors do not pro-vide the required degree of safety.

As a complement to conventional verticallifeline anchorages in confined spaces.

Industrial applications wherever mainte-nance personnel are exposed to fallsfrom elevation e.g. rooftop servicing orinspection of lighting, gutter drains,mechanical/electrical operations, largeequipment servicing, work over cranerail, airplane maintenance, and similarapplications.

Suitable for exterior or interior use.

When workers require extended horizontalmovement while operating close to a verti-cal drop, Pro-Bel recommends a horizontalcable lifeline system.

Worker above uses horizontal cable tosafely access recessed windows as well ascustom, ledge mounted Pro-Bel safetyanchors for access to next “drop” using abosun’s chair. See photo below.

Four window cleaners working samefacade, suspended from separate andindependent ledge-mounted anchors.

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Refer to Pro-Bel Horizontal CableLifeline Systems literature for moredetailed information.

Metal roof maintenance and electrical/mechanical roof inspection performedsafely while tied to horizontal lifeline cable.

HORIZONTAL TROLLEY RAILLIFELINE SYSTEMS

DescriptionWhen architectural building featuresrequire worker’s lanyards, lifelines andprimary equipment to move horizontallyover an extended distance, single pointanchors along an entire work zone maynot be feasible or desirable. The solutionis a fully engineered horizontal trolley raillifeline system.

A horizontal rail lifeline is a permanentlyinstalled, multi-span anchored rail whichserves as an attachment point for lan-yards, lifelines, direct rigging (attachmentof primary suspension equipment), andfor securing tie-back lines.

Trolley rails differ from horizontal cablelifeline systems in that trolley rails areconsidered a non-restrictive, more heavyduty fall protection system whereas cable systems are highly restricted, lighter dutyand subject to amplified loads.

Pro-Bel offers several types of trolley railsystems. Each has been engineered tosatisfy a particular job requirement. Theycan be categorized as follows:

1. Aluminum Horizontal Trolley Rails

2. Steel Horizontal Trolley Rails

UseDesigned primarily for horizontal applica-tions.

For horizontal mobility over extended dis-tances while working close to a verticaldrop e.g. within 6’-0” (1.8 m) of roof edge,skylight, or any high, narrow, level roofarea or walkway not protected by a 42”(1067 mm) high guardrail (ANSI/IWCA I-14.1-2001, section 3.8 Fall Protection,and OSHA 1926.502).

For interior or exterior applications.

Ideal for long restricted spaces or tightquarters, for attaching lanyard or lifeline,or direct rigging of suspended equipment.

As an alternative to single anchor pointswhen independent anchors do not pro-vide the required degree of safety.

As a complement to conventional verticallifeline anchorages in or around confinedspaces.

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Overhead trolley rail (soffit application).

In this roof terrace application, Pro-Beltrolley rail at left is used to restrict travel ofwindow cleaner due to low parapet whichis less than 42” (1067 mm) guardrailheight, as well as for primary rigging ofbosun’s chair. Pro-Bel safety anchorsbeneath insulated air duct are used tosecure lifeline when worker lowers himselfover parapet.

Although designed primarily for travel restraint/fall arrest, trolley rails can also be usedfor direct rigging of primary suspension equipment. e.g. bosun’s chair, cage, platform oroutrigger beam dolly.

Refer to Pro-Bel Horizontal Trolley Rail Systems literature for more detailedinformation.

P R O - B E L S Y S T E M S Fa l l A r r e s t & R e s t r a i n t S y s t e m s ( c o n t i n u e d )

PRO-BEL FEATURES

Standards Conformance: All Pro-Belequipment conforms to OSHA andASME/ ANSI safety requirements for win-dow cleaning, and various materials stan-dards.

Engineer certified; OSHA and ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 requires that safety anchor-ing devices and primary suspension sup-port equipment be designed by or underthe direction of a registered professionalengineer experienced in such design.Pro-Bel systems meet this criteria andequipment performance is based on dataderived from testing and/or engineeringcalculations.*

All corrosion resistant materials; com-ponents are stainless steel, aluminumand hot dipped galvanized steel.

Compatible with roofing; an importantconsideration in the design of Pro-Belanchor systems and primary suspensionsupport equipment is the need to main-tain the long term watertight integrity ofthe building. Pro-Bel products aredesigned with a full understanding of reli-able flashing/sealing techniques to satis-fy virtually any roof condition.

Sole responsibility; Pro-Bel providescomplete primary suspension and fallprotection products/systems from con-cept to the supply and installation ofsame, including annual inspection.

Specific liability insurance; all Pro-Belequipment and installations automati-cally carry $5,000,000.00 coverageagainst product/system failure (over8,000 projects successfully completed todate).

Free design service; the selection ofwindow cleaning/suspended mainte-nance equipment is a performance ori-ented and highly specialized area requir-ing an in-depth knowledge of riggingmethods, safety issues and OSHA Stan-dards/State codes. Pro-Bel provides aFREE DESIGN SERVICE to ensure thatPro-Bel products/systems are properlyspecified.

*Copy of test reports available upon request.

STANDARDS/CODES/REGULATIONSAll Pro-Bel safety anchors and equipmentconforms to:

Federal OSHA standards 1910.28 Subpart D(Walking - Working Surfaces); 1910.66, Sub-part F (Powered Platforms for building main-tenance); Appendix C to 1910.66, PersonalFall Arrest System (Section I - Mandatory);and 1926.50 Subpart M (Fall Protection).

U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) Memo-randum (March 12, 1991) to Regional Admin-istrators for Descent Control Devices, byPatricia K. Clark Director, Directorate ofCompliance Programs.

California OSHA Code of Regulations, Title 8- Industrial Regulations, Article 5 WindowCleaning), Article 6 (Powered Platforms forExterior Building Maintenance), Appendix Cto Article 6 (Personal Fall Arrest System),Articles 23 and 24 Suspended Scaffolds andFall Protection (Construction), and Section3212 (d), Roofs (Guardrails).

New York State Regulations:a. Department of Labor Advisory Standard101 - Construction, Operation and Mainte-nance of Suspended Scaffolds Used for Win-dow Cleaning and Light Maintenance.b. Advisory Standard 111 - HoistingMachines Used for Suspended Scaffolds.c. Department of Labor Industrial Code Rule21 - Protection of Persons Employed at Win-dow Cleaning - Structural Requirements,Equipment and Procedures.

ASME A120.1-2008 Safety Requirements forPowered Platforms for Building Maintenance.

ANSI/IWCA I-14.1-2001 Window CleaningSafety Standard (International Window Clean-ing Association).

AISC 360-05/AISI SG-02KIT with 2001 Sup-plement No. 1 “Load and Resistance Factor design Specification for Structural Steel

Buildings”, AISI SG-971-1996, with 2000Supplement “Specification for Design ofCold-Formed Steel Structural Members”.

ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2008 “StructuralWelding Code—Steel”.

Aluminum Association AA ADM-1-Alu-minum Design Manual, and ANSI/AWSD1.2/D1.2M:2003 “Structural WeldingCode – Aluminum”.

CanadaCAN/CSA-Z271-98 Safety Code for Sus-pended Elevating Platforms and CAN/CSA– Z91-02 (R2008) Safety Code for WindowCleaning Operations.

Ontario Occupational Health and Safety ActWindow Cleaning Regulation 859/90 asamended by 523/92, and 213/91 asamended by 631/94 (Construction Pro-jects).

Ontario Building Code 2006, 4.1.10.8.Anchor Systems on Building Exterior — tobe provided where any portion of the roof ismore than 8 m (26’-3”) above adjacentground level, for both maintenance andwindow cleaning operations.

Workers’ Compensation Board of BritishColumbia Industrial Health & Safety Regu-lations, Section 8, Places of Employment -General Requirements, and Section 74,Window Cleaning General Requirements.

Nova Scotia Department of Labour Occu-pational Health and Safety Act, Schedule“A” Fall Protection and Scaffolding Regula-tions.

InternationalEuropean Standard EN 1808:1999 (Safetyrequirements on Suspended Access Equip-ment – Design calculations, Stability crite-ria, Construction – Tests)

Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974,Chapter 37 (U.K.).

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Pro-Bel products are manufactured in Pro-Bel’s 48,000 square foot (4 459 m2) facility there-by providing 100% quality assurance.

United States

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BUILDING CODES VS OSHA ANDANSI/IWCA I-14.1Building codes are not specific enoughto cover all of the issues or aspects out-lined in OSHA standards relating to win-dow cleaning/suspended maintenance.Building codes do not address fall protec-tion for workers such as window cleanersworking at height. Also, the subject of fallprotection is a relatively new standardbeing enforced by OSHA.

Of the three building codes in the U.S.(ICBO, SBBCI and BOCA), only BOCArequires fall protection anchors for build-ings over 50’-0” (15240 mm) or four sto-ries in height in which the windows arecleaned from the outside.

However building codes have not caughtup with OSHA in the area of windowcleaning/suspended maintenance andthe issues of fall protection.

OSHA will enforce the issue of fall pro-tection using the General Industry andDuty clause Sec. 5(a)(1) of the Occupa-tional Safety and Health Act of 1970.OSHA will support that enforcement byciting fall protection requirements usingany one of the variety of labor standardscontained in CFR 29 relating to fall arrestequipment.

For bosun’s chair, which is not specifical-ly covered in OSHA, enforcement will besupported via an OSHA ruling on windowcleaning (refer to Memorandum toRegional Administrators from Patricia K.Clark, Director, Directorate of Compli-ance Programs March 12, 1991 regard-ing the use of descent control equipmentby employees performing building exteri-or cleaning, inspection and mainte-nance).

OSHA CFR 29 labor references govern-ing fall protection include:

1910.28, Subpart D - Walking-Working Surfaces1910.66, Subpart F - Powered Platforms1910.66, Appendix C - Personal Fall ArrestSystem1926.500, Subpart M - Fall Protection

Ultimately, the new ANSI/IWCA I-14.1-2001 Window Cleaning Safety Standardprepared jointly by the American NationalStandards Institute and the InternationalWindow Cleaning Association providesthe best guidance and liability protectionfor architects and building owners withregard to building and equipment designrequirements.

ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 references governingfall protection include:

3.9 Anchorages“Building owners and window cleaningcontractors shall not allow suspendedwork to be performed unless it has beendetermined that the building has provid-ed, identified and certified anchorages.”

4.1.1 Building Requirements“All buildings where window cleaning isperformed that employ suspended equip-ment shall be equipped with roof anchor-ages or other approved devices whichwill provide for the safe use of the equip-ment in conformance with the provisionsof this standard.”

Only the architect/engineer is in a posi-tion to protect the building owner againstliability in the area of fall protection asanchorages are part of the built environ-ment. Otherwise the owner is left with abuilding that does not comply with theOSHA Code of Federal Regulations, theoverriding authority governing fall protec-tion. Ultimately, designers must com-ply with all codes and laws for thestate in which the project is located.

Furthermore, while the ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 Window Cleaning Safety Stan-dard is designed for reference by reg-ulatory government agencies or toserve these agencies as a guide in theformation of safety rules and regula-tions, the Standard is also for use byregistered professional engineers andarchitects and by manufacturers ofwindow cleaning equipment anddevices. Always reference the ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 in construction specifica-tions.

Planning of anchors should be incorporat-ed during construction and designed tosuit professional window cleaning andother building maintenance professions.

Pro-Bel safety anchors may be used forsecuring lifelines, as a tie-back for primaryrigging equipment or to directly rig(secure) a bosun’s chair. Anchors protectworkers’ lives in case the suspensionequipment fails, or in the event a workermomentarily loses control.

L I A B I L I T Y

ARCHITECT’S RESPONSIBILITYThe mandate of OSHA is to provide safeworking conditions. To achieve its man-date, OSHA places the responsibility forfall protection on building owners/employers, and by implication theowner’s agents including architects,designers, engineering consultants, roofconsultants, design-builders, productmanufacturers, and contractors. When itcomes to worker safety, everyone is in apotential liability position. In the event ofan accident, documentation of safetyanchorage point planning is the trail bywhich everyone’s efforts will be mea-sured.

Design professionals need to recognizethat the building owner is considered thecontrolling employer and has the neces-sary means to provide a safe workplace.This responsibility is regulated throughthe enforcement of the OSHA GeneralIndustry and Duty Clause, Section5.(a)(1) of the Occupational Health andSafety Act, 1970, as follows:

1. Each employer shall furnish to each ofhis employees employment and a placeof employment which are free from rec-ognized hazards that are causing or arelikely to cause death or serious physicalharm to his employees.

All Pro-Bel window cleaning/suspendedmaintenance system designs ensure thatthe rooftop is free from recognized haz-ards.

BUILDING OWNER’S RESPONSIBILITYOnce a building leaves the guardianshipof the architect or other design profes-sional and contractor, the safety of work-ers performing maintenance at elevationbecomes the responsibility of the buildingowner and/or employer. Effective Janu-ary 1990, owners/employers are subjectto more aggressive enforcement byOSHA inspection authorities in the formof higher fines and criminal actionsagainst violators.

In the event of a fall from elevation, forexample by a window cleaner, tougherOSHA inspections will seek to clarify

“what steps were taken to protect theworker from injury or death — and whatadditional steps could have been taken?”

The owner’s best defense is the docu-mentation showing compliance with theANSI/IWCA I-14.1 Window CleaningSafety Standard i.e. section 1.6.2 (Assur-ances) which states that “Building ownersand/or their operating agents shall pro-vide window cleaning contractors withwritten assurance that the installation orstructure has been inspected, tested andmaintained in accordance with therequirements of the I-14.1 “Standard.”

SHARED RESPONSIBILITYThere is a shared responsibility betweenthe building owner/employer and the sus-pended maintenance contractor. OSHAand the ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 Standardacknowledges that the building owner/employer is the controlling employer andmust assure the contractor that the sys-tem has been installed in accordancewith engineered drawings, test data(when required) and equipment specifi-cations.

In this window washing accident, one end of the platform broke loose and one windowcleaner fell to his death while a second man was saved by his independently anchoredrope lifeline.

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B U I L D I N G / L A B O R C O D E S

Refer to Pro-Bel “Digest for BuildingOwners, Property Managers, andGeneral Contractors” literature formore detailed information.

Related work performed “by others” inconnection with suspended accessequipment installations, depending onsystem selected, might include the foll-owing:

General Contractor• Installation of embedded items;• Installation of welded items;• Unloading and hoisting of equipment to

roof;• Access to all roof areas.

Note: To minimize embedment errors andto facilitate concrete forming, all Pro-Belcast-in-place products or equipment hasbeen painstakingly fabricated with the fol-lowing features:

Simple, easy-to-follow critical formingdetails and instructions;

Forming guide nuts tack-welded tosteel anchor rods to ensure correctanchor depth. Nailing plates whererequired to keep anchor rods in placeduring pour;

“Caged” multiple anchor rods to keepanchors square and level e.g. davitbase cages;

Rubber-coated anchor ends to protectthreads against soiling from concretespatter (rubber is peeled away justprior to attaching equipment and nuts).

Roofing ContractorFlashing-in of Pro-Bel spun aluminumsafety anchor flashings to NRCA (Nation-al Roofing Contractor’s Association) orCRCA (Canadian Roofing ContractorsAssociation) recommendations or roofingmembrane manufacturer’s instructions,as applicable.

Note: To protect against roof leaks and tominimize roof maintenance, all Pro-Belproducts or equipment has been fabri-cated without using ring gaskets, rubbergrommets, worm gear clamps, pitch pansor other flashing devices that requireextraordinary maintenance.

Caulking ContractorContinuous bead of caulking around theexterior wall anchor plates and/or boxflashings e.g. clear silicone rubber toASTM C-920 or CAN2 19.13-M87.

Mechanical ContractorFresh hot and cold water supply, faucetsand drain in vicinity of every roof level, orat least main roof level e.g. in mechanicalroom.

Electrical ContractorThe power requirements at designated

outlets are to be capable of providing 208volts, 3 phase, 60 Hertz, 30 amperes ateach receptacle except for a permanentpowered platform which requires 230volts. Consideration to be given to includ-ing a power booster to maintain 230volts.

Independent protected main line powerand weatherproof Hubbell twist-lockreceptacle (HBL2620SW, NEMA No. L6-30R for rental powered platforms, andHBL2720SW, NEMA No. L15-30R forpermanent powered platforms). Power tobe located no more than 100’-0” (30 m)from window cleaning/suspended main-tenance equipment location. Outlets toexperience no more than 3% voltagedrop under full load.

Weatherproof power supply outlets withstrain relief anchors i.e. Pro-Bel anchors.

Such outlets should be readily accessibleand located at the level at which the scaf-fold is boarded or at the approximatelevel of the scaffold suspension point.

R E L AT E D WO R K B Y OT H E R S

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Pro-Bel davit cage cast into concrete slabby General Contractor.

This retrofit application shows rooferrestoring watertight integrity of roof usingseamless spun aluminum flashing androof patch following installation of a Pro-Bel PBE Series roof anchor.

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Typical wall type electrical outlet showingstrain relief device being secured to Pro-Bel wall anchor.

Provide faucet for water at roof.

Many professional designers would pre-fer to simply specify Pro-Bel windowcleaning equipment from a catalog. How-ever, the selection of window cleaningequipment cannot be treated as a catalogitem. To be efficient, economical andpractical, it is imperative that designersappreciate the importance of planning aproperly designed system necessary tosuit professional rigging methods whileconforming to applicable OSHA stan-dards.

PLANNINGProbably the most overlooked compo-nent with regard to the use of personalfall protection or equipment tie-back sys-tems is planning for suitable anchoragepoints. Such planning should ideally bedone before the structure or building isconstructed so that anchorage points canbe incorporated during construction foruse later for window cleaning or otherfacade building maintenance. If properlyplanned, these anchorage points may beused during construction as well.

RETROFITTINGWith an extensive engineering and con-struction background, Pro-Bel can evalu-ate all types of roof systems, structuralframing, walls, glazing and similar build-ing elements in order to provide a designsolution for any building.

Many existing buildings are not providedwith suitable anchorages or safetyanchors for securement of worker life-lines or the tie-back of primary equipmenti.e. cage or platform. These buildingsmust be identified and retrofitted if tragicaccidents are to be avoided.

FALL ARREST SYSTEMSA fundamental concept in the use of sus-pended access equipment is that theremust be two independent means of sup-port for each worker using the equip-ment. The first means of support is theaccess equipment itself i.e. platform,bosun’s chair, etc. The second is usuallyprovided by a fall arrest system consist-ing of a:

• full body harness;• lanyard with shock absorber;• mechanical rope grabbing device;• synthetic rope lifeline;• lifeline anchor.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT

B U I L D I N G D E S I G N C O N S I D E R AT I O N S

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LEGEND

PRO-BEL ROOF ANCHOR

PRO-BEL WALL ANCHOR

PRIMARY SUSPENSION LINE ORTIE-BACK LINE

LIFELINE

STAIRWELLROOF

MAIN ROOF

TYPICAL PLATFORM DROP

TYPICAL CHAIR DROP

MECHANICALROOM ROOF

PORTABLE OUTRIGGER BEAM

ROOF PLAN/ANCHOR LAYOUT SHOWING TYPICAL CHAIR AND PLATFORM “DROPS”

A tie-back anchor is a device secured to the building structure to which primary suspensionequipment i.e. outrigger beam or parapet wall clamp, is tied back to prevent accidental movement.

A Safety (lifeline) Anchor is a device secured to the building structure to which a worker’s life-line is tied and is intended to support a worker in the event of a fall.

STAINLESS STEEL U-BAR ANCHOR

6” (150 mm) MIN.

STAINLESS STEELCAST-IN-PLACEROD

FORMING NUT

S.S. LOCKWASHERAND NUT

SECTION DETAIL _ TYPICAL PRO-BELCAST-IN-PLACE WALL ANCHOR (PB69-S)

GALVANIZED STEEL BACK PLATE

RE

INF

OR

CE

DC

ON

CR

ET

E

SECTION DETAIL _ TYPICAL PRO-BEL BOLT-THROUGH ROOF ANCHOR (PB73-SDC1)

GALVANIZED STEEL HSS PIER

OSHA and the ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 Win-dow Cleaning Safety Standard state thatall buildings three stories and higherwhere windows or building facades areaccessed and maintained from the roofusing suspended bosun’s chair or plat-form require at least safety anchors forfall protection. Anchors protect workerslives in case the suspension equipmentfails, or in the event a worker momentar-ily loses control.

Another fundamental concept in the useof a fall arrest system is that it should befully rigged, in place, properly adjustedand worn by all workers while they aregetting on and off suspended accessequipment and during the entire timethey are on the equipment. Failure toadhere to this basic concept has resultedin many fatalities.

Anchors are also used to secure workersapproaching the roof edge when parapetwall is less than 42” (1067 mm) guardrailheight.

STAINLESS STEEL HEAVY DUTYHEX NUT & LOCK WASHER

STAINLESS STEEL U-BARANCHOR

GALVANIZED STEELBASE PLATE

SPUN ALUMINUMFLASHING THROUGH-BOLTED ANCHOR

STUD

NOTE:Anchors are designedto a maximum fallarresting force of typically 1800 lbs (8.0 kN) when wearinga body harness with asafety factor of 2 with-out any permanentdeformation and to5000 lbs (22.24 kN)against fracture ordetachment.

ENGINEER CERTIFICATIONSuspended access equipment must meetthe structural performance criteria out-lined in OSHA and ANSI/IWCA I-14.1 andbe designed under the direction of a reg-istered professional engineer experi-enced in such design. Pro-Bel systemsmeet this criteria and equipment perfor-mance is based on data derived fromtesting and/or engineering calculations.All anchorage systems relying uponchemical adhesive anchors must be100% tested on site.

Since most safety anchors are usedinterchangeably for either tying off sus-pended platforms or fall protection life-lines, they should all be designed for themost serious loading condition, which isthe impact due to the arrest of a fall.

Anchors are designed to a maximum fallarresting force of typically 1800 lbs (8.0kN) when wearing a body harness with asafety factor of 2 without any permanentdeformation and to 5000 lbs (22.24 kN)against fracture or detachment.

Pro-Bel Structural Design DataPro-Bel systems fall arrest safetyanchors and equipment supports complywith the following structural require-ments:

1. Fall Arrest Safety AnchorsFall arrest safety anchors are designed toa typical maximum fall arresting force of1800 lbs (8.0 kN) against fracture ordetachment.

2. Supports for Suspended PlatformsDavits, rigging sleeves and monorails areused for suspending a powered platformfrom storage and rigging/working loca-tions on the building. These supports andthe structure to which they are attachedare typically designed to 1000 lbs (4.45kN) vertical service load plus impact witha factor of safety as per AISC require-ments and/or ACI or other applicableconstruction codes, and to 4 times therated load against fracture or detachment(i.e. 4 to 1 stability factor).

3. Horizontal Cable Systems “Hands-Free” System: End Supports,corner supports, and intermediate sup-ports to which a horizontal lifeline is

attached and the structure to which theyare attached are designed to resist 2times the reactions (obtained by analysis)generated by the horizontal lifeline sys-tem. The applied loads take into consid-eration that workers are wearing a 900 lb(4.0 kN) shock absorber built into theirlanyard and harness.

Double Lanyard System: End supportsand corner supports of the DL horizontalcable lifeline and the structure to whichthey are attached are designed to resist 2times the reactions (obtained by analysis)generated by the horizontal lifeline sys-tem incorporating a 900 lb (4.0 kN) shockabsorber.

ANCHOR DESIGNPrior to the advent of anchors specifically

designed for lifelines or equipment tie-backs, lines were secured to structuralsupports such as beams or columnslocated on the roof. Tie-offs to beams orcolumns can reduce lifeline strength byas much as 70% due to the cutting actionof the steel edges (OSHA 1910.66, Sub-part F). Tying off in such a way where theline passes over or around rough orsharp surfaces reduces strength drasti-cally. Such tie-offs should be avoided.Other structurally adequate but problem-atic anchorages might include:

• eye-bolts;• the base of large HVAC units;• stub columns on roofs;• large pipes 12” (305 mm) in diameter

or greater;• large masonry chimneys;• roof structure such as mechanical rooms;• other structures.

See “Suitable Anchorages” on next page.

Eye-Bolt AnchoragesEye-bolt anchors have often been provid-ed on roofs or walls of highrise buildingsfor the attachment of safety lines. Life-lines or tie-backs employing eye boltshave a tendency to malfunction in a fallarrest situation. The strength of an eyebolt is rated along the axis of the bolt andits strength is greatly reduced if the forceis applied at right angles to this axis (inthe direction of its shear strength). Otherproblems associated with fabricated eyebolts include: potential weld deficiencies(100% weld is not possible); difficulty ofconcrete forming and form removal i.e.non-flush application which allows spacebetween the form and the eye, thusaffecting strength.

* Copy of test report available upon request.

Load tester being used to verify strength ofPro-Bel roof anchor. Opposite end of cableis secured to wall anchor or other suitablestructure.

Standing seam sloped metal roof showingend tensioner and roof anchor terminal ofPro-Bel Horizontal Cable Lifeline System.

B U I L D I N G D E S I G N C O N S I D E R A T I O N S ( c o n t i n u e d )

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Conversely, Pro-Bel safety anchorsshow surprising resistance to lateral andshear stresses; far more than thatshown by conventional eyebolts, asdetermined by structural testing via anindependent testing agency.* Pro-Belpatented, U-bar anchors are designed tofacilitate concrete forming and are flushmounted to provide maximum strength.

Other Problem AnchoragesLifelines should never be tied back toportable equipment e.g. counterweights,cornice hooks, or parapet wall clamps.

Other poor anchorages include:• vent pipes (stink pipes)• roof access hatches or A/C units• small pipes or ducts• metal chimneys• T.V. antennas• stair or balcony railings• terrace benches or other outdoor furni-

ture

Clearly, many of these members are notdesigned or suitable for supporting aworker in the event of a fall.

In addition, the difficulty with many ofthese anchorages including the afore-mentioned tie-offs and eye bolts is thetendency for lifelines or tie-back lines torun at angles contrary to OSHA regula-tions.

Suitable Anchorages (OSHA andANSI/IWCA I-14.1 Requirements)OSHA and I-14.1 requirements state thatanchorages to which personal fall arrestequipment is attached shall be capable ofsupporting at least 5,000 pounds (22.2kN) or shall be designed, installed, andused as part of a complete personal fallarrest system which maintains a safetyfactor of at least two, under the supervi-sion of a qualified person.

OSHA further states that lifelines shall besecurely attached to substantial mem-bers of the structure (not scaffold), or tosecurely rigged lines, which will safelysuspend the worker in case of a fall, andthat equipment tie-backs shall besecured to a structurally sound portion ofthe building (OSHA 1910.28, Subpart D).

Obstruction ConsiderationsThe location of the tie-off (anchorage)should also consider the hazard ofobstructions in the potential fall path ofthe employee. Tie-offs which minimizethe possibility of exaggerated swingingshould be considered (OSHA 1910.66,Subpart F).

Ultimately, in the event of an accident, it

is imperative that the building owner/employer is able to show that anchor-ages were designed for fall protection.Anchor point planning, including properplacement, engineer certification, testdata, and specific liability insuranceagainst failure, is the professionaldesigner’s, building owner’s or employ-er’s first line of defense.

Other Fall CausesIn addition to inferior anchorages, thereasons for workers falling while performing maintenance include:

powered platform failure (cable break-ing or slipping, burning due to contactwith high voltage lines);suspension ropes being cut due to rub-bing against sharp surfaces;workers not wearing safety harnesses;snagged safety lines;malfunctioning descent control de-vices;outriggers not properly weighted;structurally inadequate parapets;improperly rigged horizontal line;performing ladder work without fall pro-tection;using homemade equipment;tying back to portable (non-permanent)equipment;tying back to horizontal lines or slings.

ANCHOR LOCATIONS

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Lifelines should never be tied back to rooftop items other than a properly designed andengineered rooftop anchor. Clearly, objects such a vent pipe, a/c unit, process piping andmetal ladder as shown above are not suitable for supporting a worker in the event of a fall.

Pro-Bel safety anchors are located on theroof of the building and are generallysecured to any or all of the followingacceptable vertical or horizontal ele-ments: mechanical room curb walls;parapet walls minimum 42” (1067 mm)high; roof mounted structural elementse.g. rooftop equipment structural supportbeams or columns, penthouse enclo-sures, cooling tower columns, and similarstructures; roof decks (to concrete slab,precast deck, structural steel, and similarstructures); finished roof top terraces.

Ideally locations for Pro-Bel safetyanchors are in direct line with the antici-pated “drops” and are suited to bothbosun’s chair and suspended platform. A“drop” for a chair is typically a 6’-0” (1.8m) wide area, and 20’-0” to 28’-0” (6 m to8.5 m) for a platform (evenly dividedaround roof perimeter). Two anchors arerequired for bosun’s chair (1 primary and1 lifeline) and 4 anchors are required fora platform (2 primary and 2 lifeline). Priorto locating safety anchor points on theroof, it is important to determine whatareas of the building face will need to beaccessed by bosun’s chair and suspend-ed platform.

Anchors which are provided for bosun’schair work can be used for the tie-back ofsuspended scaffolds, and vice versa.Note: It is imperative that design profes-sionals understand the relative complexi-ty of designing window washing systemswith regard to RIGGING METHODS,SAFETY & OSHA STANDARDS/STATECODES. See individual product literature forlayout data for specific equipment.

G-25

PARAPETSWindow cleaners/suspended mainte-nance workers often use parapet wallclamps and outrigger beams with coun-terweights to suspend their rigging linesbeyond the building face. The parapetwall must be strong enough to supportthe applied loads. Special attentionshould be given to prevent damage to theparapet and the potential dangers toworkers as a result of the parapet wallbeing overloaded.

Alternatively, to prevent damage or over-turning of equipment, a means of supportabove the parapet wall could be provid-ed; either a portable davit arm or aportable outrigger beam dolly is recom-mended. In rare cases lines can bepassed through the parapet wall. Referto Pro-Bel Rigging Sleeve Systems lit-erature for more information.

If parapet walls are 42” (1067 mm)guardrail height or higher and structurallyadequate i.e. typically reinforced con-crete, they can be considered a suitableanchorage for tie-back and lifelineanchors. If parapet walls are less than42” (1067 mm) guardrail height, theyshould not be used for either tie-back orlifeline anchors.

Cast-in-Place Concrete WallsTypically reinforced concrete parapetsare used to secure both primary equip-ment and lifelines provided the wall isapproved by a professional engineer whois aware of loads to be placed on the wall.

Precast Concrete WallsPrecast walls are not normally accept-able for the use of parapet wall clamps orinstallation of lifeline anchors unless theprecast wall panel securement clips aredesigned to take the applied loads.

Masonry WallsBrick parapet walls or brick face parapetwalls with concrete block back-up are notnormally acceptable for the use of para-pet wall clamps or installation of lifelineanchors unless reinforced.

Unreinforced WallsWalls employing lightly constructed fram-

ing such as timber or sheet metal cov-ered with plywood or light facing materi-als are not acceptable for suspending pri-mary equipment or securing lifelines.

Excessive Height Over 42” (1067 mm)Where structurally adequate parapetwalls exceed 42” (1067 mm) in height,provision for ladders, scaffolding or a per-manent catwalk is required for safeaccess when davits, parapet wall clampsor lifeline anchors are employed at thetop of parapets.

Line StopsWhere conditions dictate, line stops (typ-ically attached to a parapet) can beemployed to:

prevent inadvertent swing hazard or tofacilitate re-direction of bosun’s chairlines e.g. while rigging over a slopedparapet wall.prevent excessive swing hazard oflifelines in case of accident, whileusing bosun’s chair or stage i.e. duringfall arrest.

WORKING DRAWING OPTIONSOnce the architect/designer has re-viewed the various equipment options,securements, details, and layout recom-mended by Pro-Bel, the equipment maybe shown on the roof plan using eitherone of two options:

Show actual locations of equipmentand selected details based on Pro-Beldesign concept. When Pro-Bel equip-ment design requires related structur-al steel, it is advisable to show actualequipment locations and securementof related structural steel on roof plan.This option however implies that thearchitect/designer is responsible forthe layout and design.

Show selected details and state thenumber required of each detail basedon Pro-Bel design concept, withoutshowing actual equipment locations.This option will still provide relatedtrades with enough information toeliminate confusion or extras at laterdate, leaving final design the responsi-bility of Pro-Bel.

Parapet wall must be strong enough to support applied loads of suspension ropes, wallclamps/hooks or outrigger beams with counterweights. Alternatively, a portable davit armor outrigger beam dolly can be used to clear the parapet.

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G-26

SECTION DETAIL EXAMPLE ROPE GUIDE/LINE STOP (SURFACEMOUNTED TYPE SHOWN INPHOTO BELOW)

STABILIZATIONThe stabilization of platform, cage orbosun’s chair equipment is a systemdesigned to keep the equipment in con-tact with the building facade, to preventmovement. Without stabilization, workersafety could be in jeopardy due to windaction or building faces could becomedamaged due to equipment impact.

Continuous Stabilization:On the exterior of the building, provisionfor tie-in guides is supplied by the curtainwall manufacturer to provide a positiveand continuous means of engagementbetween the platform and the buildingduring full vertical travel of the platform.

Tie-in guides/mullion tracks are normallyused for stabilizing a powered platform.The guides start at the highest elevationand extend to the ground. The tie-inguides/mullion tracks are placed in verti-cal rows in line with the point of suspen-sion. It is recommended tracks be copedout or designed so that platform trolleysor “shoes” can be inserted at both the topand bottom of the building.

Trolleys (guide rollers) or “shoes,”attached to the platform and supplied bythe window cleaning equipment manu-facturer, engage the tie-in guides (mulliontracks) provided by the curtain wall man-ufacturer.

Note: careful co-ordination is requiredbetween these two manufacturers toensure smooth, trouble-free platformoperation i.e. track alignment and proper-ly fitted trolleys or “shoes.”

Intermittent Stabilization:Tie-in guides such as buttons or detentpins are located in vertical rows in linewith suspension cables starting at thehighest elevation possible. The maximumvertical interval between tie-in guides isto be three floors or 50 feet (15.3 m),whichever is less. Note: New York speci-fies three floors or 40’-0” (12.2 m)whichever is less.

As a platform moves down, past the ele-vation of a tie-in guide (button or detentpin), each of the platform’s two occupantssecure a stabilization tie between a sus-pension rope and a tie-in guide. Eachstabilized tie is to be adjustable or of fixedlength to provide continuous contactbetween the platform’s facade rollers andthe building facade. This process will berepeated as each stabilization point but-ton or detent pin is reached.

The design load for stabilization compo-nents such as tie-in guides/buttons/detent pins are designed for a workingload of 300 lbs (1.33 kN) per AISCrequirements and/or other applicablecodes and to 600 lbs (2.67 kN) againstfracture or detachment.

ELEVATION: PRO-BEL INTERMITTENTSTABILIZATION TIE-IN GUIDE LAYOUT

Maintenance personnel will attach a stabi-lizer tie to buttons located under sunshades on this building.

Photo shows partial curtain wall facade. Black dot in aluminum mullion is location of holefor detent pin. This type of tie-in guide, although unobtrusive, is more difficult for mainte-nance personnel to locate and is usually employed where a flush appearance is critical.

Refer to Pro-Bel Stabilization Systems literature for more detailed information.

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G-28

Pro-Bel Stabilization Recommendations

Permanent Installations (P.I.)When buildings require a permanentpowered platform, it is mandatory thatmullion tracks, buttons, or detent pins beemployed for platform stabilization forbuildings or “drops” that exceed 130’-0”(39.6 m) in height .

Mullion tracks provide rigging flexibilityfor both roof rigging and ground riggingapplications.

High rise buildings with multi-tiered roofsor roof areas too small to accomplish atransfer of a platform i.e. no davits, noparapet, narrow roof area, etc. wouldrequire mullion tracks at the upper eleva-tions.

Installations that employ buttons ordetent pins are normally designed to suitroof rigging.

Non-Permanent PlatformsTemporary platforms (scaffolds) suppliedby the window cleaning or maintenancecontractor are required to be securelylashed to the building or structure (OSHA1910.28, Subpart D). OSHA does notspecify how the lashing is to be achieved,however building mullion tracks, face but-tons or detent pins are normally consid-ered on buildings or “drops” that exceed130’-0” (39.6 m).

Consideration should be given to in-stalling davits which would allow for roofrigging of the platform to provide an inter-mittent method of stabilization compara-ble to a permanent powered platform.Alternatively on buildings over 130’-0”(39.6 m) buttons or detent pins should beinstalled at every floor. Each project mustbe assessed on an individual basis.

Bosun’s Chair with Descent ControlBosun’s chair stabilization is not present-ly covered by OSHA 1910.28, Subpart D.Instead the OSHA ruling for stabilizationis covered in a separate memorandum toRegional Administrators from Patricia K.Clark, Director, Directorate of Compli-ance Programs, Department of Labor(March 12, 1991). Provision for local sta-bilization for descents in excess of 130’-0” (39.6 m) is required and normally suc-tion cups are employed. Although suctioncups are the popular choice of windowcleaners, other methods of stabilizationinclude the use of ‘C’ clamps and vicegrip pliers.

TYPICAL PRO-BEL POWERED PLATFORM SYSTEM WITH INDENTED MULLION TRACK GUIDES

INDENTED MULLION TRACK

SUSPENSION WIRE ROPE

HIGH PROFILE END STIRRUP

INBOARD BUILDING FACE ROLLER (EACH SIDE)

ELECTRIC POWEREDHOISTING MOTOR

ELECTRIC POWERED DUALWIRE WINDER

LIFELINES SECUREDTO SAFETYANCHORS AT ROOFLEVEL

ROPE GRAB, LANYARDAND CONVENTIONALBODY HARNESS

TROLLY (GUIDEROLLER) ENGAGEDWITH MULLION TRACK

INDENTED MULLION TRACK

BUILDING FACE

PLATFORM FACE ROLLER

Plan View: Indented Mullion Guide System

INTERMITTENT STABILIZATIONTIE-IN GUIDE, VERTICALLYSPACED EVERY THIRD FLOOR


HIGH PROFILE END STIRRUP

ELECTRIC POWERED HOISTINGMOTOR

ELECTRIC POWERED DUALWIRE WINDER

LIFELINES SECURED TOPRO-BEL SAFETY ANCHORSAT ROOF LEVEL

ROPE GRAB, LANYARD ANDCONVENTIONAL BODY HARNESS


WINDOW MULLION

STABILIZER TIE

FLOOR SLAB

Section: Intermittent Tie-In GuideSystem

TROLLEY (GUIDE ROLLER)ENGAGED WITH INDENTEDMULLION TRACK

TYPICAL PRO-BEL POWERED PLATFORM SYSTEM WITH INTERMITTENT TIE-IN GUIDES

Extreme right and left hand side of photo shows how platform is stabilized against windusing cable, down rigged lines anchored to a Pro-Bel anchor at ground level and davit armat roof level. Nylon webbing stabilizer ties secure the platform to down rigged lines—acustom, restrictive solution designed with a slip rope grab to control amplified loads.


SPRING LOADEDDETENT TYPERETAINING PIN

RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS

The governing standard for the rescue ofworkers performing suspended mainte-nance, regardless of the type of equip-ment employed, is contained in OSHA1910.66, Subpart F (Powered Platforms,etc.) which addresses the buildingowner/employer and reads as follows:

Emergency planning. A written emergencyaction plan shall be developed and imple-mented for each kind of working platformoperation. This plan shall explain the emer-gency procedures which are to be followedin the event of a power failure, equipmentfailure or other emergencies which may beencountered. The plan shall also explainthat employees inform themselves aboutthe building emergency escape routes,procedures and alarm systems beforeoperating a platform. Upon initial assign-ment and whenever the plan is changed theemployer shall review with each employeethose parts of the plan which the employeemust know to protect himself or herself inthe event of an emergency.

There is a shared responsibility betweenthe building owner/employer and the win-dow cleaning/suspended maintenancecontractor. Building owners of all installa-tions, new and existing, shall inform theemployer (maintenance contractor) inwriting that the installation has beeninspected, tested and maintained in com-pliance with OSHA 1910.66 and Interna-tional Window Cleaning AssociationANSI/ IWCA I-14.1 Window CleaningSafety Standard requirements. And it isincumbent upon the contractor to submitwritten certification that employees havebeen trained in the operation of and candemonstrate competency in the use ofwindow cleaning equipment. It is also theresponsibility of the employer (buildingmanager) and maintenance contractor toplan for the prompt rescue of mainte-nance workers in the event of a fall.

INSPECTION & MAINTENANCEWindow cleaning equipment that is sup-plied and installed must be inspectedannually as a minimum requirement.OSHA addresses the annual inspectionsthrough the enforcement of the GeneralIndustry and Duty clause, Section 5(a)(1)of the OSHA Act and related equipmentoutlined in 1910.66, Subpart F - PoweredPlatforms and Appendix C to 1910.66,Personal Fall Arrest Systems. See“Owner’s Responsibility” on page G-21for additional information.

OSHA Inspection RequirementsAll suspended maintenance systemsshall be inspected and tested (asrequired) prior to initial use to determinethat all safety and operating equipment isfunctioning as required. A similar inspec-tion shall be performed following anymajor alteration made to the existinginstallation.

All safety equipment and related compo-nents shall undergo periodic inspectionsby a competent person at intervals spec-ified by the manufacturer/supplier, but notto exceed twelve (12) months, to deter-mine that they are in safe operating con-dition. Parts subject to wear such as wireropes, bearings, gears and governorsshall be inspected and/or tested to deter-mine that they have not worn to such an

extent as to affect the safe operation ofthe installation.

The building owner shall keep a certifica-tion record of each inspection and testrequired. The certification record shallinclude the date of the inspection, the sig-nature of the person who performed theinspection, and the number, or otheridentifier, of the building support structureand equipment which was inspected.This certification record shall be keptreadily available for review by the Assis-tant Secretary of Labor or the AssistantSecretary’s representative and by themaintenance contractor.

Pro-Bel Inspection ServicesPro-Bel offers owners/employers twoinspection options. Inspections may becarried out using a Pro-Bel inspector oran independent engineer. Regardless ofoption selected, Pro-Bel must provide a‘Certification For Use’ sign-off documentat a minimal fee. Pro-Bel maintains up-to-date inspection records of all Pro-Belmanufactured equipment/installations. Allinspection data is recorded in the buildingowner’s/employer’s Equipment Manual &Inspection Log Book. The Log Book, con-taining the necessary information to com-ply with all relevant State and Federalsafety standards, will reduce both thedesign professional’s and owner’s legalexposure in the event of an accident. Spe-cial Note: Pro-Bel customers automaticallyreceive $2,000,000.00 liability insurancecoverage providing the foregoing condi-tions are met.

Posting of Engineered DrawingsIt is recommended that the buildingowner post a copy of the Pro-Bel engi-neer approved shop drawing showingequipment layout and details of the win-dow cleaning/suspended maintenancesystem. The drawing should be locatedadjacent to the roof entrance for ease ofreview by window cleaners, inspectionauthorities and Pro-Bel if necessary. Acopy of this drawing must also be provid-ed for the maintenance contractor/per-sonnel prior to commencing work.

R E S C U E , I N S P E C T I O N A N D M A I N T E NA N C E

Window cleaner is rescued after hangingfrom 23 storey building for 20 minutesafter platform cable breaks. Rooftop safetyanchors save the day.

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INSTALLATIONDue to liability issues, Pro-Bel windowcleaning equipment is installed eitherunder “Sole Responsibility Contracts” orfurnish only with installation by others uti-lizing a strictly controlled sign-off and cer-tification procedure.

Roofing ConsiderationAn important consideration in the designof Pro-Bel anchor products is the need tomaintain the long term watertight integri-ty of the building. Pro-Bel products aredesigned with a full understanding of reli-able flashing/sealing techniques to satis-fy virtually any roof condition.

ALTERNATIVE FINISH TO GALVANIZINGPro-Bel Protex, a superior finish to galva-nizing, provides greater impact and abra-sion resistance for Pro-Bel products sus-ceptible to banging about or scratchingduring use (corrosion issue) See Pro-BelProtex Technical Data Sheet # R-2.

AVAILABILITY & COSTPro-Bel window cleaning/suspendedmaintenance safety systems are avail-able throughout the United States, Cana-da and Internationally. Budget pricing isprovided on a project-to-project basis forboth materials and installation, or materi-als only. See “Technical Consultation” fol-lowing.

WARRANTYWarranty is in accordance with standardPro-Bel terms and conditions of sale.Copy of Warranty available upon request.

TECHNICAL CONSULTATIONPro-Bel Group Ltd. provides a completetechnical consultation service, availableto Architects, Consultants, Engineers,Contractors, Property Managers andBuilding Owners (see Special Notebelow). Without obligation, Pro-Bel willprovide interested parties with a pro-posed window cleaning/suspended main-tenance design concept to OSHArequirements, including anchor andequipment locations, securement, roofingdetails, and specifications.

Simply provide the following information:Roof plans (architectural and structural).Building elevations.Typical floor plan.Building section drawings showing allparapet walls or roof edge conditionsand mechanical room walls and similardetails.Any other drawings and/or photographspertinent to window cleaning/suspend-ed maintenance requirements.

Pro-Bel will review drawings and provideone or more design concepts as requiredwith respect to suspended access equip-ment.

In addition, Pro-Bel Group Ltd. will pro-vide budget pricing for the concept.Budget pricing is contingent uponacceptance between Pro-Bel andArchitect/Owner for proposed systemdesign.

RELATED DATASeparate literature for all Pro-Bel prod-ucts or complete technical manual (includ-ing 3-Part Format guide specifications) isavailable to qualified prospects.

OTHER PRODUCTS

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A D D I T I O NA L P RO D U C T DATA

Pro-Bel’s many transport trucks withsleepers allow installation crews to workthroughout North America.

Special Note: To be efficient, econom-ical and practical, it is imperative thatarchitects and engineers understandthe relative complexity of designingwindow cleaning systems with regardto the following three areas: RIGGINGMETHODS - SAFETY - OSHA STAND-ARDS/ STATE CODES.

The selection of window cleaningequipment is a performance orientedand highly specialized area. Also theissues of fall protection and fall arrestare serious concerns with OSHAinspection authorities. Interpretingthe myriad OSHA standards, includ-ing the separate requirements of vari-ous states, and proposed changes, is adaunting task at best.

Each building is different, requiringan individual technical approach anda time commitment beyond the scopeof most professional offices. Evenwith a high degree of knowledge andthe best of intentions, the planningprocess can go askew. It is for thesereasons that Pro-Bel provides archi-tects and engineers with a FREEDESIGN SERVICE, and to ensure thatPro-Bel Window Cleaning/SuspendedMaintenance Systems are properlyspecified and installed.

Pro-Bel motorized material hoists solveproblem of lifting mechanical or other typeequipment (A/C units, replacement motors,window cleaning equipment etc.) ontoroof.

Pro-Bel aluminum gantry systems, de-signed so that personnel can work overglass, are available to suit any atria roofaccess requirement.

Currently, Pro-Bel Group Ltd. is celebrat-ing over 8000 building projects utilizingPro-Bel Window Cleaning/SuspendedMaintenance Equipment and Fall Protec-tion Systems.

Pro-Bel has acquired a reputation as ahighly qualified authority for any organi-zation contemplating a specializedapproach to suspended access equip-ment requirements. Building owners anddesign professionals can have confi-dence that when they select a Pro-Belsystem, they are choosing a systemdesigned and manufactured by industryexperts while obtaining single sourcecompatibility and single source responsi-bility. With a track record for safety sec-ond to none, it is especially appropriate tohighlight the history of our company.

Unique among manufacturers of sus-pended access equipment, Pro-Bel’s pur-pose from inception has been protectingwindow cleaners against falls from eleva-tion. Falls are the number one cause ofoccupational deaths* in America (*Best”sSafety Directory, 1995), excluding motorvehicle accidents. We are indeed one ofthe largest companies in North America,and to our knowledge the world, that con-sistently has made high rise fall protec-tion its primary business, designing to thework practices of professional window cleaners. We believe this singular focus

is the key to our past success and willcontinue to serve us well for the future.

From 1978 to 1989, Marc Lebel, Presi-dent of today’s firm, owned and operateda high rise window cleaning companycalled Pro-Bel Services. During this peri-od, window cleaning contractors usedsuspension equipment ranging fromblock and tackle, descent controlledbosun’s chair to manually operated andmotorized stages — but virtually all with-out the benefit of auxiliary safety lineanchoring points for workers in case ofequipment failure or emergency.

An unrelenting number of falls led Mr.Lebel to conclude they were the result ofworkers being unable to secure indepen-dent lifelines to properly engineered andsituated rooftop anchors. Thus, it wasduring the 1980’s Mr. Lebel developedand patented a line of rooftop safetyanchors designed specifically for windowcleaner’s fall protection, thereby givingbirth to the safest method of rigging thatexisted prior to this time.

It was also during this period that Pro-BelGroup Ltd. was formed, and experttechnical staff, including standards/codesspecialists, evolved. Simultaneously, Mr.Lebel, in tandem with the InternationalWindow Cleaning Association (IWCA),gave a presentation in 1990 at the OSHA

public hearings in Washington, D.C.relating to 29 CFR Part 1910 ProposedRulemaking (window cleaning standards,anchors, chairwork).

Today, in addition to marketing an exten-sive product line of suspended accessand fall protection equipment, Pro-Belstaff continue to sit on standards writingcommittees such as ANSI/IWCA I-14.1-2001 Window Cleaning Safety Standardand ASME A120.1-2008 Safety Require-ments for Powered Platforms for BuildingMaintenance. In Canada, Mr. Lebelhelped develop consensus standardsCAN/CSA-Z91-M90 (Safety Code forWindow Cleaning Operations), CAN/CSA-Z271-98 (Safety Code for Suspend-ed Powered Platforms), as well as laborlegislation.

Pro-Bel’s greatest competitive advantagelies in an extensive knowledge of riggingpractices and expertise with OSHA andother standards. This time tested experi-ence is reflected in the quality and diver-sity of Pro-Bel systems featuring safety,ease of use, practicality, and economy.

Pro-Bel takes pride in our heritage ofleadership and looks ahead enthusiasti-cally to even greater success in an ever-changing building environment.

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P RO - B E L G RO U P LT D .

Pro-Bel Group Ltd. occupy their own 48,000 square foot (4459 m2) building in Toronto (Head Office).

The selection of window cleaning equipment is a per-

formance oriented and highly specialized area. Also

the issues of fall protection and fall arrest are serious

concerns with OSHA inspection authorities. Inter-

preting the myriad OSHA standards, including the

separate requirements of various states, and pro-

posed changes, is a daunting task at best.

Each building is different, requiring an individual

technical approach and a time commitment beyond

the scope of most professional offices. Even with a

high degree of knowledge and the best of intentions,

the planning process can go askew. It is for these

reasons that Pro-Bel provides architects, general

contractors, building owners and engineers with a

FREE DESIGN SERVICE, and to ensure that Pro-Bel

Window Cleaning/Suspended Maintenance Systems

are properly specified and installed.

Pro-Bel’s purpose from inception has been to protect

window cleaners against falls from elevation. Pro-Bel

is currently celebrating over 8000 projects success-

fully completed world wide.

SERVING CANADA, THE UNITED STATES AND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

Pro-Bel Group Ltd. (Florida)2501 NW 34th Place, Unit 23Pompano Beach, FL 33069954-457-5080 - local 866-377-6235 - toll free954-457-9010 - [email protected]

Pro-Bel Group Ltd. (Chicago)2850 West Fulton StreetChicago, IL 60612773-638-6714 - local 773-638-6715 - [email protected]

Pro-Bel Group Ltd. (Pennsylvania)421 Guilford Avenue PO BOX 556Chambersburg, PA 17201(717) 263-7400 - local(717) 263-7414 - [email protected]

Pro-Bel (China)36 Guangqumennei St.Beijing, 100036, China(+)86.10.6718 6272 - local(+)86.10.6713 8186 - fax(+)86.139 1146 0532 - cellwww.pro-bel.com.cn

Pro-Bel Enterprises Ltd.(India)#26, Chamundi Mansions 22nd Main, 2nd PhaseJP Nagar Bangalore 560078(080) 2658-7856 - local

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