System design - SaigonTech

Systems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and Design

Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta Roth

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 4th EditionCopyright 2009 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.7 - 1

Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta RothJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Slides by Candace S. GarrodRed Rock Community College

System DesignSystem DesignSystem DesignSystem DesignSystem DesignSystem DesignSystem DesignSystem Design

Chapter 7


Chapter 7

Key DefinitionsKey DefinitionsKey DefinitionsKey DefinitionsDesign phase

Decide how to build the systemCreate system requirements that describe technical details for building the system


technical details for building the systemArchitecture Design Document

Final deliverable from design phaseConveys exactly what system the design team will implement during the implementation phase

Transition from Requirement to Transition from Requirement to Transition from Requirement to Transition from Requirement to DesignDesignDesignDesign

Influences on the Acquisition StrategySelecting a Design StrategySelecting a System Acquisition Strategy


Developing an Alternative Matrix

Classical Design MistakesClassical Design MistakesClassical Design MistakesClassical Design MistakesReducing design timeFeature creepSilver bullet syndrome


Silver bullet syndromeSwitching tools in mid-project

Design StrategiesDesign StrategiesDesign StrategiesDesign StrategiesCustom development (build from scratch) in-housePurchase software package (and customize it)


Purchase software package (and customize it)Outsource development to third party

Custom DevelopmentCustom DevelopmentCustom DevelopmentCustom Development

PROS

Allows flexibilityand creativity

Consistent with existing

CONS

Requires significant timeand effort

May exacerbate existing


Consistent with existingtechnology and standards

Builds technical skills and functional knowledge in-house

May exacerbate existingbacklogs

May require missing skills

Often costs more

Often takes more calendartime

Risk of project failure

Packaged SoftwarePackaged SoftwarePackaged SoftwarePackaged SoftwareAvailable for many common business needsTested, proven; cost and time savingsRarely a perfect fit with business needsMay allow for customization


May allow for customizationManipulation of system parametersChanging way features workSynchronizing with other application interfaces

May require workarounds

Systems IntegrationSystems IntegrationSystems IntegrationSystems IntegrationBuilding systems by combining packages, legacy systems, and custom piecesIntegrating data is the key


Integrating data is the key

OutsourcingOutsourcingOutsourcingOutsourcingHiring an external vendor, developer, or service providerMay reduce costs or add value


May reduce costs or add valueRisks include possibly

Losing confidential informationLosing control over future developmentLosing learning opportunities

Outsourcing ContractsOutsourcing ContractsOutsourcing ContractsOutsourcing ContractsTime and arrangementsFixed-priceValue-added


Value-added

Outsourcing GuidelinesOutsourcing GuidelinesOutsourcing GuidelinesOutsourcing Guidelines


INFLUENCES ON THE INFLUENCES ON THE INFLUENCES ON THE INFLUENCES ON THE INFLUENCES ON THE INFLUENCES ON THE INFLUENCES ON THE INFLUENCES ON THE ACQUISTION STRATEGYACQUISTION STRATEGYACQUISTION STRATEGYACQUISTION STRATEGYACQUISTION STRATEGYACQUISTION STRATEGYACQUISTION STRATEGYACQUISTION STRATEGY


Selecting a Design StrategySelecting a Design StrategySelecting a Design StrategySelecting a Design StrategyConsider each of the following when deciding what strategy to use:

Business need


In-house experienceProject skillsProject managementTime frame

Selecting a System Acquisition Selecting a System Acquisition Selecting a System Acquisition Selecting a System Acquisition StrategyStrategyStrategyStrategy


SELECTING AN ACQUISITION SELECTING AN ACQUISITION SELECTING AN ACQUISITION SELECTING AN ACQUISITION SELECTING AN ACQUISITION SELECTING AN ACQUISITION SELECTING AN ACQUISITION SELECTING AN ACQUISITION STRATEGYSTRATEGYSTRATEGYSTRATEGYSTRATEGYSTRATEGYSTRATEGYSTRATEGY


InInInIn----House ExperienceHouse ExperienceHouse ExperienceHouse ExperienceIf in-house experience exists for all the functional and technical needs of the system, it will be easier to build a custom application.


custom application.A packaged system may be a better alternative for companies that do not have the technical skills to build the desired system.

Project SkillsProject SkillsProject SkillsProject SkillsThe skills that are applied during projects are either technical or functional.Different design alternatives are


Different design alternatives are more viable, depending on how important the skills are to the company’s strategy.

Project ManagementProject ManagementProject ManagementProject ManagementCustom applications require excellent project management and a proven methodology.There are so many things that can


There are so many things that can push a project off track, such as funding obstacles, staffing, and overly demanding business users.

Project Management Project Management Project Management Project Management ---- continuedcontinuedcontinuedcontinuedThe project team should choose to develop a custom application only if it is certain that the underlying coordination and control mechanisms will be in place.


and control mechanisms will be in place.Packaged and outsourcing alternatives also must be managed; however, they are more shielded from internal obstacles.

Time FrameTime FrameTime FrameTime FrameWhen time is a factor, the project team should probably start looking for a system that is already built and tested.


tested.If a custom alternative is chosen, and the time frame is very short, consider using techniques like timeboxing to manage the problem.

Selecting an Acquisition StrategySelecting an Acquisition StrategySelecting an Acquisition StrategySelecting an Acquisition StrategyOnce a project team has a good understanding of how well each acquisition strategy fits with the project’s needs, it must begin to understand exactly how to implement these


exactly how to implement these strategies.One helpful tool is the request for request for request for request for proposal (RFP), proposal (RFP), proposal (RFP), proposal (RFP), a document that solicits a formal proposal from a potential vendor, developer, or service provider

Selecting an Acquisition Strategy Selecting an Acquisition Strategy Selecting an Acquisition Strategy Selecting an Acquisition Strategy ----continuedcontinuedcontinuedcontinued

For smaller projects with smaller budgets, the request for information request for information request for information request for information (RFI)(RFI)(RFI)(RFI) may be sufficient, as it is shorter and less detailed.


shorter and less detailed.A request for quote (RGQ)request for quote (RGQ)request for quote (RGQ)request for quote (RGQ) may be used when a list of equipment is so complete that the vendor only need provide a price.

Developing an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixWhat tools and technologies are needed for a custom development project?What vendors make products that address the project needs?


address the project needs?What service providers would be able to build this application if outsourced?

Developing an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixCombine several feasibility analyses into one matrixInclude technical, budget, and organizational feasibilities


organizational feasibilitiesAssign weights to indicate the relative importance of the criteriaAssign scores to indicate how well the alternative meets the criteria

Developing an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative MatrixDeveloping an Alternative Matrix


Summary SlideSummary SlideSummary SlideSummary SlideSystem Design Phase – transitioning from requirements to designDesign all the elements of the systemFirst Task – determine the system acquisition strategy


First Task – determine the system acquisition strategy

Custom developmentPurchase software packageOutsource

Use Alternatives Matrix to structure the system acquisition decision

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