Synthesizing Bits into Objects - Eliot Scott · Synthesizing Bits into Objects: Data Management for...
Transcript of Synthesizing Bits into Objects - Eliot Scott · Synthesizing Bits into Objects: Data Management for...
Synthesizing Bits into Objects:
Data Management for Information Preservation
Eliot Scott The University of Texas at Austin
What constitutes Data Management? Prior Forms of Data Storage
Stone
Clay
Papyrus
Paper
Object Preservation Challenges Fire
Water
Molds
Pollutants
Catalog Objects to Facilitate Access
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/7772052/The-Vatican-Archive-the-Popes-private-library.html
Digital Data Management Digital Data Storage More
Complex
Preservation of Object Requires moving the bits to
other physical mediums
Requires Environment to read
Hardware and Software Dependencies
Cataloging Objects for Access Inherently contain some
cataloging data
Clones in numerous locations
http://1userverrack.net/2011/05/03/server-room-4/
How Bits become Objects Digital Objects
Physical – Bits written on media (HDD, CD, DVD, etc.)
Logical – Recognized by application software (MIME types, ecodings, compressions)
Conceptual - Unit of human recognizable information (book, map, photo, etc.)
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) (2002).
What Data formats are we Managing? Digital Objects
Data Sets (db’s, xls, etc)
Documents (rtf, pdf, docx, etc)
Images (jpg, tif, png, etc)
Videos (mpg, avi, etc)
Web Pages (HTML, CSS, Images)
eBooks (epub, azw, lit, etc)
Digital Technologies Source Code
Applications
Operating Systems and Environments
http://liris.cnrs.fr/dgtal/doc/nightly/dgtal_dgtalboard.html
Where does Data Management Begin? Producers ▪ Creators ▪ Owners
Authenticity vs. Reliability
Authenticity is Managers
http://www.gizmag.com/identifying-authors-of-anonymous-emails/18091/
Digital Data Management Solutions Open Source Libraries &
Content Management Systems (Access focused) XTF, DLXS, Greenstone,
Drupal
Open Source Repositories (Preservation focused) D-Space, Fedora, LOCKSS,
Archivematica, Islandora
Commercial ContentDM, Veridian
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) (2002) Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS)
Information Lifecycle Creation
Versions
Use
Appraisal
Transfer
Authenticate
Describe
Rights
Preservation
Use
Creation and Use Malleability of digital
Not fixed on media
Constantly changing
Easy to overwrite
Context can be lost
Even opening older files can destroy provenance
http://www.dashpunk.com/blog/curation-v-creation.html
Appraisal Keep?
Associated Costs
Keep but do nothing Let it Die
Need to save environment
Repurpose Separate Form and Content
Destroy? Smelt HDD?
http://blumsteinatcorcoran.wordpress.com/2010/05/14/do-not-stand-idle-against-an-unfair-appraisal/
Accession or Transfer Receive objects from prior context
Metadata to reconstruct context
Integrate into new
function as fixed object
Original order vs.
Order as Received
How to Transfer files without losing
valuable data and authenticity?
Problems with Copy Compression and file segmentation changes, often along with modification dates
Clone Object as a string of sequenced bits ▪ Calculate with checksums ▪ Use Write blockers to prevent Disaster
http://thinkis.co.uk/16/Content-Management
Authenticate and Validate Object Ingestion gives object fixity
Can guarantee authenticity if
done properly
Guarantee of prior art ,
patents, etc
Assist in Intellectual property
Protects integrity of object
Can restrict access (ie limited use)
Can monitor constantly for use or theft
http://www.mitfile.com/pdf/digital-identity-authentication-in-e-commerce.html
Cataloging and Description Catalog upon accession vs.
Continual cataloging from
point of creation
Rights and Access restrictions
Finding Aids
Catalog hyperlinks?
Or archive associated content?
http://www.granitemedia.org/2011/09/cataloging-book-ii-the-fellowship-of-the-titles-or-one-title-to-rule-them-all/
Description of Digital Objects Metadata
Descriptive
MODS, DC, EAD
Administrative
Management, Access, Rights
Technical
MIX Images, VideoMD, AudioMD, textMD
Structural
METS, File Data, MIME Types
Preservation
PREMIS
Usage -generated by repository http://damformarketing.com/making-the-case-for-digital-asset-management-in-marketing/case-for-dam-making-digital-assets/
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Accessing the Digital Object Maintain Original Bitstream for Preservation
Reconstitute Bitstream as logical object for application software so that conceptual object can be read by human beings
Preserve the ability to
reproduce the digital
object in order to access it
http://ugis.ls.berkeley.edu/isf/resources/image_LS/5994aab.jpg
Storage of Digital Objects Media Type?
Repository Type?
Encrypt?
Access Levels?
Media
Databases
Bitstreams
Files
http://inhabitat.com/ibm-creates-the-worlds-smallest-storage-device-and-its-12-atoms-in-size/
Preservation Considerations Feasibility
Hardware and software
Sustainability Will it be feasible in the
future?
Practicality Within technical and
economic limits for institution
Appropriateness Is method reasonable for
object in question http://easydigitalpreservation.wordpress.com/2010/06/09/video/
Preservation of Digital Objects
Preservation Methods Emulation
Migration
Refreshing
http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2011/11/the-artifactual-elements-of-born-digital-records-part-1/
Emulation Began when writing
Mainframe code for not yet released hardware.
Software emulation based on wiring diagrams
Preserve Hardware Technology
Preserve Software Environment on new hardware
http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-20020759-56.html
Migration Transforming the object into a new state
Porting to a new application
(ie Word Perfect to Word)
Information dropped during conversion
Keep original as new techniques evolve
Sequential migration Make access copies from original as
new applications come out
Loss of features from original
Content vs. Design Preservation
http://www.culanth.org/?q=node/355
Refresh Clone to put on new media
Floppy Disk -> Hard Disk
Hard Disk <-> Optical Disk
Necessary for Preservation as
Physical Media Decays
Used in Conjunction
with Emulation of Migration
http://www.iconarchive.com/show/oxygen-icons-by-oxygen-icons.org/Actions-view-refresh-icon.html
Future Models? Expand on OAIS
Hardware upkeep expensive
Mix Emulation and Migration Strategies
Use by use case
Preserve Legacy Systems and Software
in Bitstream Format
Have a Library of Virtualized Systems
Hope virtualization software remains open source and that can emulate environments on newer chipsets (ie ARM)
http://www.ciudadesdigitales2011.com/eng/que_es.html
What can you do to ensure your data as information? Add author metadata to documents
MS Office
Practice good versioning
Speak with your librarian, archivist or
data manager if you need to archive
valuable information as it is being created
Keep documentation of activities and
processes surrounding creation Chain of custody
Circumstances of Creation
Questions? References
Abrams, Stephen ,Sheila Morrissey and Tom Cramer (2009) What? So What?” The Next-Generation JHOVE2 Architecture for Format-Aware Characterization. The International Journal of Digital Curation Issue 3, Volume 4 .
Caplan, Priscilla (2009) Understanding PREMIS . Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office.
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) (2002) Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) (2002).
Duranti, Luciana (2009) From Digital Diplomatics to Digital Records Forensics. Archivaria 68:39-66.
Hedstrom, Margaret and Christopher A. Lee (2002) Significant properties of digital objects: definitions, applications, implications. Proceedings of the DLM-Forum 2002 Parallel session 3: 218-223
Henderson, Deborah (2010) DAMA-DMBOK Guide(Data Management Body of Knowledge) Framework Paper and DAMA-DMBOK Guide : Overview January 2010
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