SynthesisofYearOneOutcomesinthe

SmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaign

BuildingTechnologyandUrbanSystemsDivision

LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory

Preparedby:

HannahKramer,GuanjingLin,JessicaGranderson,ClaireCurtin,EliotCrowe

Preparedfor:

AmyJiron,U.S.DepartmentofEnergy

September2017

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ThisworkwassupportedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyunderContractNo.DE-AC02-05CH11231.ItwaspreparedbyHannahKramer,GuanjingLin,JessicaGranderson,ClaireCurtin,andEliotCroweofLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory(LBNL).TheauthorsthankNoraHarris(VirginiaTechUniversity)fordataanalysissupport,andAmyJiron(U.S.DepartmentofEnergy)forthoroughreportreviewandfeedback.WearealsogratefultoourpartnersintheSmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaignforprovidingdataandsharingdetailsoftheirenergymanagementandinformationsystemsandmonitoring-basedcommissioningpractices.

DISCLAIMER

ThisdocumentwaspreparedasanaccountofworksponsoredbytheUnitedStatesGovernment.Whilethisdocument isbelieved tocontaincorrect information,neither theUnitedStatesGovernmentnoranyagencythereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty,expressor implied,or assumesany legal responsibility for theaccuracy, completeness,orusefulnessof anyinformation,apparatus,product,orprocessdisclosed,orrepresents that itsusewouldnot infringeprivatelyowned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name,trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,recommendation,orfavoringbytheUnitedStatesGovernmentoranyagencythereof,orTheRegentsoftheUniversityofCalifornia.TheviewsandopinionsofauthorsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilystateorreflectthoseoftheUnitedStatesGovernmentoranyagencythereoforTheRegentsoftheUniversityofCalifornia.

TableofContents

ExecutiveSummary.......................................................................................................................................1

1.Introduction...............................................................................................................................................3

2.CampaignParticipants...............................................................................................................................52.1ParticipantActivities....................................................................................................................................52.2DataandTools.............................................................................................................................................62.3EnergyManagementProcess......................................................................................................................7

3.BenefitsandCosts......................................................................................................................................93.1MotivationtoImplementEMIS...................................................................................................................93.2TopMeasuresImplemented........................................................................................................................93.3EnergySavings...........................................................................................................................................103.4Costs..........................................................................................................................................................12

4.EMISProductsandMBCxServices............................................................................................................154.1TrendsinDeliveryofEMISProductsandServices.....................................................................................154.2EnablersandBarriers.................................................................................................................................17

5.IndustryNeeds.........................................................................................................................................19

6.Conclusions..............................................................................................................................................20

1

ExecutiveSummary

Asbuildingenergyandsystem-levelmonitoringbecomescommonplace,facilitiesteamsarefacedwithanoverwhelmingamountofdata.Thisdatadoesnottypicallyleadtoinsightsorcorrectiveactionsunlessitisstored,organized,analyzed,andprioritizedinautomatedways.Buildingsarefullofhiddenenergysavingspotentialthatcanbeuncoveredwiththerightanalysis.Withsophisticatedanalyticsoftwareappliedtoeverydaybuildingoperations,buildingownersareusingtheirdatatotheiradvantageandrealizingcost-savingsthroughimprovedenergymanagement.

TheSmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaignisapublic-privatesectorpartnershipprogramfocusedonsupportingcommerciallyavailableEnergyManagementandInformationSystems(EMIS)andmonitoring-basedcommissioningpractices.TheCampaigncouplestechnicalassistancewithqualitativeandquantitativedatacollection.Partneringparticipantsareencouragedtosharetheirprogressandmayreceivenationalrecognitionforimplementationsthatachievesignificantenergysavings.

Thedatainthisreportshowsthatownersrepresentingover185millionsquarefeetoffloorareaarecost-effectivelyimplementingEMIS,andthereportpresentsapreliminarycharacterizationofEMISproducts,MBCxservices,andtrendsindeliverytoindustry.ThisinformationwillbeupdatedbasedoncontinueddatacollectionoverthecourseoftheCampaign.

Campaignparticipantshavemadeimprovementstotheirbuildings,achievingamedianenergysavingsof5percentfor400billionBtu/yearand$9M/year,basedon15participantsreporting.Withcostreportingfromnineparticipantsthusfar,themediancostforEMISsoftwareinstallationandconfigurationwas$0.04/sqft,andthemedianannuallaborcost(internalstafforcontracted)was$0.08/sqftresultinginatotalfirstyearcostof$0.12/sqft.Themedianannualrecurringsoftwarecostwas$0.01/sqft.Thesepreliminarysavingsandcostsleadtohighlypromisingcost-effectivenessfigures,withlessthana1-yearsimplepayback.

TableES-1belowsummarizesCampaignresultstodateusingdatacollectedfrom46participatingorganizations.WithrespecttotheEMISfamilyoftechnologies,partnersintheCampaignhaveimplemented20differentenergyinformationsystem(EIS)products,7faultdetectionanddiagnostics(FDD)products,and1automatedsystemoptimization(ASO)product.

ThehighlevelofparticipationintheSmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaignpointstoagrowingnationaltrendintheuseofanalyticsincommercialbuildings.TheCampaignsupportsanexpansionintheuseandacceptanceofEMIS,helpingorganizationsmovebeyonddataparalysistobuildingoperationsthatarecontinuouslyinformedandimprovedusinganalytics.Moreinformationaboutthecampaignisavailableathttps://smart-energy-analytics.org/.

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TableES-1.SummaryofEMISUsebySmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaignParticipants,throughJuly2017

EMISCategory: EnergyInformationSystems(EIS) FaultDetectionandDiagnostics(FDD)Usedby Energymanagers Facilityoperationsteams,energymanagers,andservice

providers

Usedfor Portfoliomanagement

• Portfoliokeyperformanceindicators(KPIs)/prioritizationofpropertiesforimprovements

• Energyusetrackingandopportunityidentification(mainlyheatmapsandloadprofiles)

• Emergingtoolforpublic/occupantcommunications

Detailedsystemanalysis

• ReducingPreventativeMaintenanceProgramcosts

• Improvingcomfortwithzone-leveldiagnostics

• Findinghiddenwasteandmaintainingsavings(participantssharedthatretrocommissioning[RCx])savingsdidnotpersistwithoutMBCx)

• ManyparticipantspullwholebuildingmeterdataintoFDDtoolsthroughthebuildingautomationsystem(BAS),butfewareactivelyusingthesedata.TheirfocushasbeenonusingtheBASdatawiththeFDDsoftware.

Typicalinstallation

Wholebuildingenergymetersbyfuelforlargebuildingsinaportfolio,eitherwithutility-providedintervaldataorowner-installedmeter.Submeteringislessprevalent.

InstallationfocusesonFDDforproblemHVACareas(centralplant,airhandlerunits(AHUs),orvariableairvolume(VAV)terminalboxes.

Commonanalytics

• Energyuseintensity(kBtu/sqft)

• Heatmap

• Loadprofile,filteredbydaytype

• Chillerplantoperationsandsetpointoptimization

• Airhandlers(simultaneousheatingandcooling,economizers,valveleak-by)

• Terminalunitoperation

• Detectingfailedsensors

TopmeasuresimplementedthroughtheMBCxprocess

n=33participants

Floorarea:74millionsqft

EISimplementationonly

ImprovedHVACscheduling

Shareenergyinformationwithoccupants

Adjustmentofspacetemperaturesetpoints

EIS+FDDimplementation

ImprovedHVACscheduling

Improveeconomizeroperation

Reduceoverventilation

Reducesimultaneousheatingandcooling

ReduceVAVboxminimumflow

Adjustmentofspacetempsetpoints

Supplyairtemperaturereset

Tunecontrolloopstoavoidhunting

EnergySavings*n=15participants

Floorarea:39millionsqft

Energysavings(wholebuilding,allfuels)sinceEMISinstalled:

Median:5%($0.20/sqft);range:-1.5%to32%

Mean:10%($0.39/sqft)Themeanislessrepresentativethanmedianduetothewiderangeinsavings.

*Preliminaryfiguresfor15participantsand414buildings;tobeupdatedannually.Thesesavingsarenotspecificallyattributedtooperationalimprovements,retrofits,orotherfactors.Therefore,savingsmaybeassociatedwithimprovementsnotrelatedtotheEMIS.

Cost*

n=9participantsFloorarea:

50millionsqft

MedianEMISbasecost(software+installation):$0.04/sqft;range:$0.004–$0.14/sqft

Medianannuallaborcost/sqft:$0.08/sqft;range:$0.01–$0.14/sqft

Mediantotalfirstyearcost:$0.12/sqft

MedianEMISsoftwarerecurringcost:$0.01/sqft;range:$0.0004–$0.03/sqft

*Preliminaryfiguresfor9participants;tobeupdatedannually.Costdatahavebeenprovidedin$andnormalizedbyfloorarea.Mostparticipantshavelargeportfolios;therefore,thenormalizedcostsreflecttheseeconomiesofscale.Smallerbuildingsmayhavehighercostpersquarefoot.

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1.Introduction

Buildingsarefullofhiddenenergysavingspotentialthatcanbeuncoveredwiththerightanalysis.Withsophisticatedsoftwaretoinformandassistinbuildingoperations,buildingownersnowarereducingenergyandimprovingoperationsusingbuildinganalytics.TheSmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaigntargetstheuseofawidevarietyofcommerciallyavailableEnergyManagementandInformationSystem(EMIS)technologiesandongoingmonitoringpracticestosupportdatacollectionandanalysisthatrevealsthemosteffectiveenergy-savingimplementationsandstrategiesaswellasresearchanddevelopmentneeds.

Table1.SmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaignQuickFacts

CampaignGoals DOEandLBNLworkwithprivatesectorpartnerstounderstand,advise,andtrackthefunctionality,use,costandbenefitsofexistingornewEMISincommercialbuildings.

ParticipatingPartners 46organizationsrepresenting2,300buildingsand185millionsquarefeet(sqft)grossfloorarea(asofJuly2017)

Participation Participatingpartnersanalyzehourlyintervaldata,performfaultdetectionusingbuildingautomationsystem(BAS)data,and/orimplementautomatedsystemoptimization

EnergyandCostSavings 400billionBtu/yearand$9M/yearsavingsacross15participants’buildingportfolioswithEMISinstalled

CampaignStartDate RecruitmentlaunchinMay2016,andfullCampaignlaunchinOctober2016

NewReportsAvailable MBCxPlanTemplate

UsingEMIStoIdentifyTopOpportunitiesforCommercialBuildingEfficiency

Spring2017Recognition • LargestPortfolioUsingEMIS-MGMResortsInternational

• EnergyPerformanceinaPortfolio-EmoryUniversity

• BestPracticeintheUseofEMIS-SprintinpartnershipwithCBRE|ESI

• EnergyPerformanceinaSingleSite-SaltLakeCity

• InnovationintheUseofEMIS-UniversityofCalifornia,Davis

EMISarethebroadandrapidlyevolvingfamilyoftoolsthatmonitor,analyze,andcontrolbuildingenergyuseandsystemperformance.TheSmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaignfocusesontheseEMIStechnologies:

• Energyinformationsystems(EIS):AnEISisbroadlydefinedasthesoftware,dataacquisitionhardware,andcommunicationsystemsusedtostore,analyze,anddisplaybuildingenergydata.EISareasubsetofEMISfocusedonmeter-levelmonitoring(hourlyormorefrequent).

• Faultdetectionanddiagnostic(FDD)software:FDDsoftwareautomatetheprocessofdetectingfaultswithphysicalbuildingsystemsandprocessesandhelptodiagnosetheirpotentialcauses.FDDareasubsetofEMIS,focusedonsystem-levelmonitoring(usingbuildingautomationsystem[BAS]data).

• Automatedsystemoptimization(ASO)software:ASOsoftwarecontinuouslyanalyzesandmodifiesBAScontrolsettingstooptimizeheating,ventilationandairconditioner(HVAC)systemenergyusagewhilemaintainingoccupantcomfort.ThesetoolsbothreaddatafromtheBASandautomaticallysend

4

optimalsetpointsbacktotheBAStoadjustthecontrolparameters,basedondatasuchassubmeteredenergyuseandenergypricesignal.

ThedatageneratedfromEMIStoolsenablesbuildingownerstooperatetheirbuildingsmoreefficientlyandwithimprovedoccupantcomfortbyprovidingvisibilityintoandanalysisoftheenergyconsumedbylighting,spaceconditioningandventilation,andotherenduses.EMIStoolsareusedinthemonitoring-basedcommissioning(MBCx)processtoorganize,present,visualizeandanalyzethedata.

MBCxisdefinedastheimplementationofanongoingcommissioningprocesswithfocusonmonitoringandanalyzinglargeamountsofdataonacontinuousbasis.MBCxmaybeusedduringandafteranexistingbuildingcommissioning(EBCx)projecttobesurethatenergysavingslast,andtolookforadditionalopportunities.BasedonanEBCxprocessaveragewholebuildingenergysavingsof16percent1,theMBCxprocesscansaveuptothislevelormoreovertime,mainlythroughlowcostoperationalimprovements.

Figure1illustratesthethreemainelementsofMBCx,showinghowtoolslikeFDDandEISareincorporatedintotheMBCxprocess.

Figure1.Monitoring-BasedCommissioningProcess

1Mills,E.2009."BuildingCommissioning:AGoldenOpportunityforReducingEnergyCostsandGreenhouse-gasEmissions"http://cx.lbl.gov/2009-assessment.html

MBCxProcessCoreElements DataCollection:Collectenergy

meteringandoperationaldatafromenergy-consumingsystems

VerifiedImprovements:Investigaterootcauseandimplementimprovements

DataAnalytics:Useanalyticstohelpidentifyandprioritizeissues

andopportunities

5

2.CampaignParticipants

Thissectionsummarizesdatacollectedthroughthecampaignbasedonreportingtodatefrom74percentofparticipants(22percentofparticipantshavenotyetimplementedtheirEMIS,and4percentofparticipantsdidnotreport).

2.1ParticipantActivities

CurrentCampaignparticipationincludes46privatesectororganizationsrepresentingatotalgrossfloorareaof184,885,000sqft,andabout2,300buildings.Participantsaremainlyintheofficeandhighereducationmarketsectors,withhospitalsandgovernmentlaboratoriesalsojoining(Figure2).Themostcommonportfoliosizeisbetween1millionand5millionsqft(Figure3).

Figure2.ParticipantsbyPrimaryMarketSector(n=46)

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Figure3.DistributionofGrossFloorAreaforPledgedParticipants(n=46)

LargeportfoliosfindbenefitsandeconomiesofscaleinimplementingEMISacrosstheirportfolio,includingtheabilitytouseEIStobenchmarktheirportfolio,manageenergyusefromasinglelocation,andsometimescontrolbuildingsystemsremotelyusinganoperationscenterstaffedwithanalysts.

2.2DataandTools

Almostallparticipantshaveaccessoraregainingaccesstowholebuildinghourlydatainadditiontotheirmonthlyutilitybilldata,andabout30percentofparticipantshavesubmeterdatafortenantsorotherenduses.ThemostcommonanalysistoolsusedaretheBAS,ENERGYSTARPortfolioManager,andspreadsheets.CampaigndatashowsthatwhereEISandFDDthathavebeenimplemented,operatorsbenefitfromexpandedanalysiscapabilities,wellbeyondthesecommonanalysistools.AboutaquarteroftheparticipantsareinstallingnewEMISduringtheCampaign,35percentareusinganexistingEMIS,and40percentareupgradingtheirEMIStodeployinmorebuildingsoraddadditionalfunctionality.OfthoseplanningtoinstallEMIS,one-thirdplantoinstallanEIS,one-thirdplantoinstallFDD,andone-thirdplantoinstallbothEISandFDDtechnologies.

ParticipantsimplementingEIS,eitheraloneorinconjunctionwithFDD,areanalyzinghourly(ormorefrequent)intervaldata,withatotalof63percentincorporatingintervalmeterdataintotheirEMIS(Figure4).FDDisgainingmomentumasintegrationofBASdataintotheFDDsoftwarehasimproved,with41percentofparticipantsimplementingFDDasanoverlaysoftwaretotheirBAS.OverhalfofthosewithFDDanalyzewholebuildingmeterdatainadditiontotheBASdata.TheseparticipantsmayuseFDDsoftwaretoanalyzetheBASdataandseparateEISsoftwaretoanalyzethemeterdata,ortheymaybringthemeterdataintotheBASandanalyzethisdatawithintheFDDsoftware.ParticipantswithbothFDDandEIStendedtousetheFDDfunctionalitymostoftenwithintheirbuildingoperationsduetoitsabilitytoprovidemoreactionableinformation.ASOisnotyetprevalentwithCampaignparticipants,eventhoughtheseparticipantsaregenerallyearlyadopters.OneparticipantisusingASO,andtheyalsohaveEISinstalled.

Figure4.TypeofEMISInstalledbyParticipants

EIS37%

EIS+FDD26%

FDD15%

EIS+ASO2%

NotInstalled20%

7

MostparticipantsneededlessthansixmonthstoinstallandconfiguretheirEMIS.Afewparticipantsexperiencedsignificantchallengesgettingmetersconnectedandproperlycommunicating,withmultipleyearsrequiredtogetalltheissuesresolved.

2.3EnergyManagementProcess

TheuseofdataandsoftwareincombinationwithanoverarchingdefinedenergymanagementprocessiscriticalinrealizingthevalueofEMIS.Almostallparticipantshaveanenergymanagementteammostlymadeupoffacilityengineersortechniciansandenergymanagers(Figure5).Theenergymanagerstendtoleadtheanalysisprocessandaresometimessupportedbyaconsultantorservicecontractor.About30percentofparticipantscontractedwithaserviceprovidertosupporttheirMBCxprocess.

Figure5.EnergyManagementTeamMembers

Mostenergymanagementteamsareusingaperiodicperformancetrackingprocess(Figure6)thatmaynothavebeenasformalizedandcomprehensiveasthoseimplementingmonitoring-basedcommissioning.

Figure6.EnergyManagementProcessImplemented

AportionoftheparticipantsimplementingMBCxprovidedinformationontheirscopeofactivities.

• CommonMBCxactivities:in-housereviewofEMISanalysisandreportingtoidentifyissues,commissioningtheEMIStoverifydataaccuracyandconfiguration,implementingamanagementprocessfortakingactiontocorrectissues,andusingtheEMIStodocumentenergyand/orcostsavings

84%

75%

59%

47%

28%

25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Facilityengineersortechnicians

Energymanager

Facilitymanager

Consultant/servicecontractor

Owner

Occupantrepresentanve

68%

53%

38%

18%

6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

PeriodicPerformanceTracking

Monitoring-basedCommissioning(MBCx)

Retro-commissioning

Other

EnergyPerformanceContracnng

8

• LesscommonMBCxactivities:aprogramforstafforoccupantstorecognizeenergysavingsandanEMIStrainingprogramtomaintainongoingenergymanagementprocesses.

AnapproximatelyevendistributionofparticipantsreviewstheirEMISdaily,versusweeklyormonthly,showninFigure7.EMIStypedidnothavealargeimpactonfrequencyofEMISuse.ItissomewhatsurprisingthatFDDreportsarenotreviewedmorefrequentlythantheEISanalysis,sinceattendingtospecificfaultsmaybeamoreimmediateoperationalconcernthananalyzingenergyusedata.However,reviewingfaultstakestime,sothismaybedifficulttoperformdaily.Also,somefaultsneedtimetoaccrue.Thefaultisnotcriticalforasingleday,butovertimeenergywasteaddsuptoalevelworthinvestigation.MonthlyreviewoftheEISandFDDresultsmaybedrivenbypreparationsformonthlyenergyteammeetingsandreportingtomanagement.

Figure7.FrequencyofEMISReviewbyEMISType(n=25)

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Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly

OnlyEIS EIS+FDD OnlyFDD ASO

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3.BenefitsandCosts

ThissectionreportsontheresultsofdatacollectionaroundmotivationforEMIS,measuresimplementedusingtheEMIS,energysavings,andcosts.Theenergysavingsandcostsarepreliminaryfindingsfromtheparticipantsthathaveprovidedthisinformationtodate.

3.1MotivationtoImplementEMIS

EnergyandcostsavingsareoftenadrivingfactorinthedecisiontoimplementanEMIS,asshowninFigure8.

Figure8.FrequencyofbenefitsofimplementingEMIS(participantsmayselectmultiplebenefits)

EnergysavingsgenerallywerevalidatedbyexportingdataandanalyzingitoutsidetheEMIS,withtheEMISsupportingdataacquisitionandcentralstorage.ThewiderangeofbenefitsindicatedbyparticipantsprovidesmultiplemotivationstoinstallanEMIS,andastrongvaluepropositionfrommultipleperspectives:owners,energy/facilitymanagers,andbuildingoperators.

3.2TopMeasuresImplementedParticipantswereaskedtoindicateupto10mostfrequentlyimplementedmeasuresinwhichtheyutilizedtheEMIS,fromalistof26commonoperationalimprovementopportunitiesandnotedinFigure9.

Overalltopmeasuresincluded:

• HVACscheduling,

• Setpointandresetschedulechanges,

• Economizerimprovementsandoutsideairreduction,and

• Fixingcontrolproblemssuchassimultaneousheatingandcoolingandcontrolloophunting.

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Energysavings

Datatoinformretrofitstrategiesorvalidateenergysavings

Unlitycostsavings

Improvedoccupantcomfort

Peakdemandreducnon

O&Mstafflaborsavingsduetoimprovedoperanons

Other

10

Figure9.MeasuresImplementedwithEMISSupport

Thesemeasureswereimplementedconsistentlyacrossallmarketsectorsrepresentedinthecurrentdataset(office,highereducation,andlaboratory).Thehighereducationsectorfocusedmorethanothermarketsectorsonoccupantbehaviorthroughsharingenergyinformationwithstaffandstudents,aswellasbyholdingenergysavingschallengesoncampus.

ThemeasuresreportedasmostcommontoMBCxarealsocommonlyimplementedthroughtraditionalexistingbuildingcommissioning,however,useoftheEMISsurfaceshiddenissuesandimprovespersistenceofmeasuresavings.Terminalunitmonitoringwasanexampleofbeingabletoevaluateperformancecost-effectivelyandproactivelyatabroadscalewithFDD.WithoutFDD,operatorsgenerallydonothavetimetoperformpreventativemaintenanceonterminalunits;operationsarecheckedwhentherearecomfortcomplaints.

3.3EnergySavings

TounderstandenergyandcostsavingsbenefitsassociatedwithuseofEMIStechnologies,participantsareaskedtoprovideyear-over-yeartrendsofenergyconsumptionbeforeandafterEMISimplementationandassociatedannualsavings,ifavailable.Fifteenparticipantssubmittedtheenergydataforallorasubsetoftheirbuildings(intotal414buildings,38millionsqft).Thenumberofbuildingsreportedbyeachparticipantrangedfrom1to335.

EnergysavingssinceEMISinstallationweredeterminedinthreeways(Figure10).Twoparticipantsreportedsavingsresultsgainedfromintervaldataanalysistools.2Fourparticipantsestimatedsavingsusingengineeringcalculations.3TheenergysavingsoftheothernineparticipantswerecalculatedbyLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory(LBNL)ortheparticipantsusingmonthlybillanalysis,4wherethepre-EMIS(baselineyear)energy

2Intervaldataanalysistool:M&VusingIntervaldataofferedasafunctionwithintheEMIS,oroutsideofanEMISusingothersoftwaretoolssuchasUniversalTranslator,ECAM+M&Vmodule,statisticalanalysissoftware,orExcel.3Engineeringcalculation:Spreadsheet-basedcalculationsbasedonengineeringequationsthatoftenutilizetemperatureorload-basedbinanalysis.4Monthlybillanalysis:Useofthemonthlyutilitybilldatatodetermineenergysavings.Weathernormalizedenergyusewasusedifitisreported.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

SchedulingEquipmentLoads

Economizer/OutsideAirLoads

Controls:SetpointChanges

ControlProblems

Controls:ResetScheduleAddinonorModificanon

EquipmentEfficiencyImprovements/LoadReducnon

OccupantBehaviorModificanon

Retrofits

PercentofParncipantsImplemennngtheMeasure

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usewascomparedtothemostrecentfullyearofenergyuse(2016).Energycostsavingswerecalculatedusingnationalaverageenergyprices.5

Figure10.Distributionofenergysavingscalculationmethods(n=15)

Figure11showsthesavingsresults6foreachparticipantsincetheinstallationoftheEMIS,aswellasenergycostsavingsacrossthesame15participants.Theparticipantenergysavingsrangedfrom-1.5to31.8percent,themedianwas5percent,andthemeanwas10percent.Costsavingsrangedfrom-$0.06to$1.30/sqft.Themediancostsavingswas$0.20/sqftandthemeanwas$0.39/sqft.Themeansavingsislessrepresentativethanthemedianduetothewiderangeinsavings.

SinceinstallingtheirEMIS,15participantshavesavedatotalof400billionBtu/yearand$9million/year.Theseenergysavingsachievementsareattributabletoseveralenergyefficiencyactivitiesincluding,butnotlimitedto,useoftheEMIS.Section3.2reportsthetopenergysavingmeasuresimplementedinwhichtheparticipantsutilizedtheEMIS;additionalmeasuresbeyondtheoperationalimprovementsrelatedtoEMISmayalsohavebeenimplemented.

Figure11.Participantenergysavings(left)andcostsavings(right)for15CampaignparticipantssinceEMISinstallation

5Participantcostsavings=Participantenergysavings*nationalaveragefuelprice;thenationalaveragefuelpriceis0.023$/kBtu,assuming65percentofenergyconsumptioninthebuildingiselectricityandtherestisnaturalgas.6Participantenergysavings=totalenergysavingsofbuildingsassociatedwiththeparticipant/totalbaselineenergyofbuildingsassociated.

2

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Intervaldataanalysistools

Engineeringcalculanon

Monthlybillanalysis

Median=5% Median=$0.20/sf

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Inadditiontototalsavings,thesavingsforeachyearcanbeplotted,asinFigure12.Here,eachlinerepresentsabuilding,andthey-axisrepresentspercentsavingsrelativetotheyearbeforetheEMISinstallation;the“baselineyear.”Thex-axisrepresentssavingsrelativetothebaselineyear,foreachyearthattheEMISwasinplace.Theredlineindicatesthemedianforthecohort.TwoparticipantsinstalledEMISforthreeyearsandtherestinstalledEMISforoneyear.ThisplotshowsthatforthethreeparticipantsthatusedEMISforthreeyears,savingsincreasedovertime.Themedianfirstyearsavingswas5percent,or$0.18/sqft,andthemeanfirstyearsavingswas8percent,or$0.27/sqft.

Figure12.Percentchangeinparticipantenergyuse,relativetotheyearbeforeEMISinstallation;graylinesindicate

savingsforeachof15participants,andtheredlinerepresentsmediansavingsacrossallparticipants.AnLBNLstudyonEIScostsandenergysavingsin20167reported8percentmediansavingsfornineportfolios,or$0.40/sqft.Thisisslightlyhigherbutconsistentwiththe5percentmediansavingsforCampaignparticipants.ManymoreoftheEISportfoliosinthestudyhadimplementedEISforatleastthreeyears,comparedtoonlythreeparticipantstodateintheCampaign.ThroughCampaignengagement,changeinenergyuserelativetoapre-EMISbaselinewillbetracked.Weexpecttheoverallsavingstoincreaseovertime,andsincemanyoftheCampaignparticipantshaveinstalledFDDsoftwareinadditiontoEIS,theenergysavingsfromparticipantsmayultimatelybehigherthantheEISstudy.

3.4Costs

CoststoimplementanEMISandperformMBCxhavebeengatheredfromparticipantsinthefollowingcategories:

• Basecost:Upfrontcostforsoftwareinstallationandconfiguration

• Annualsoftwarecost:Recurringannualcostforsoftwarelicenseorsoftware-as-a-servicefees

• Annuallaborcost:Approximatetimespentbyin-housestaff,consultants,orservicecontractorsreviewingEMISreports,identifyingopportunitiesforimprovement,andimplementingmeasures.ReportedtoCampaigninaveragehoursspentpermonth.Costisdeterminedusing$125/hourasaveragelaborrate.

7Granderson,J,Lin,G.2016.Buildingenergyinformationsystems:Synthesisofcosts,savings,andbest-practiceuses.EnergyEfficiency9(6):1369-1384.http://eis.lbl.gov/pubs/eis-synth-EE.pdf

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Costdatawereprovidedbyparticipantsindollarsforbasecostandannualsoftwarecost,andhavebeennormalizedbyfloorarea.Mostparticipantshavelargeportfolios;therefore,thenormalizedcostsreflecttheseeconomiesofscale,withlowercostpersquarefootthanwouldtypicallybefoundforasinglebuilding.Themediancostsfromnineparticipantsareasfollows(datashownforeachparticipantinfigures13and14):

• Basecost:$0.04/sqft;Annuallaborcost:$0.08/sqft

• Firstyearcost=basecost+annuallaborcost=$0.12/sqft

• Annualrecurringsoftwarecost:$0.01/sqft

Figure13.ParticipantBaseCostandLaborCosttoImplementandUseEMIS

Figure14.ParticipantRecurringSoftwareCosttoUseEMIS

Whilethiscostdataispreliminaryandcurrentlyrepresentsasmallsamplesizeofnineparticipants,weobservethatrecurringEMISsoftwarefeesarelow.Thelargerongoingcostisthetimeittakestoutilizethe

$0.00

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EMIS,whichisreflectedintheannuallaborcost.ThehighendofthelaborcostisreportedfromsitesintheirfirstyearofFDDinstallation,duringwhichtimemanyone-timeintegrationandconnectivityissuesaredetectedandresolved,aswellasthefirstsetoffaultswhichmayhaveexistedforsometime.

Levelsofsupportfromtheintegratorsandvendorsininstallationandconfigurationvariedwidely,frommostlyin-houseinstallationbyoperationsstaffwithalowlevelofvendorsupporttofullserviceinstallationwithvendorsupporttoanalyzefindings.Thevaryinglevelofsupportispartofwhatisdrivingthewiderangeofbasecost.Thelargestinstallationshadthelowercostspersquarefoot,whichreflectstheeconomiesofscaleachievablethroughbroadEMISimplementation.

TheEIScost-benefitstudy7reported$0.01/sqftbasesoftwarecostand$0.01/sqftongoingsoftwarecost;however,thisstudyfocusedonthecostofEISanddidnotincludeFDDcosts.SinceFDDimplementationshavemoredatastreamsandcomplexityinimplementingdiagnostics,itisexpectedthatthecostsreportedthroughtheCampaignwillbehigher.DataintegrationacrosstheBASandmanydevicesdrivesthehigherbasecost.

Gatheringcostdataacrossallparticipantswillbeafocusfornextyear’sreportandwillallowforcostanalysisbymarketsectorandEMIStype.ThisadditionalcostdatawillprovidemoreconclusivefindingsonEMIScosts.

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4.EMISProductsandMBCxServices

ThissectionofferstrendsinEMISproductandservicesdelivery,enablersandbarrierstoimplementation,andindustryneedsgatheredthroughreportingandinteractionwithparticipantsandsupportingpartners.

4.1TrendsinDeliveryofEMISProductsandServices

EMISSelection

Giventhewidevarietyofavailablefeatures,selectinganEMIScanbechallengingtask.MostCampaignparticipantsknewwhethertheywantedtostartwithimplementingEISorFDD.WhethertheystartwithEISorFDD,almostallparticipantswanttodesignanEMISthatisflexibleforfutureadditions.Someparticipantswantedasmanyenergymanagementfeaturesinonetoolaspossible,toavoidmultiplesoftwareinterfaces.

Participantseitherwentthrougharequestforproposals(RFP)processorchoseanEMISbasedonvendordemos.Ineithercase,therewereavarietyofdifferentreasonsforchoosingtheirvendor;forexample,thedesiretoprogramthesoftwareusingin-houselabor,easeofimplementationwithinexistingmaintenanceprocesses,andknownusebypeers.Todate,Campaignparticipantshaveimplemented20EISproducts,7FDDproducts,and1ASOproduct.

EMISProductsandServiceList

TheCampaignteamdevelopedaFindaProductorServiceListwhichcurrentlycontains44EISproducts,20FDDproducts,and6ASOproducts(8vendorsofferbothanEISproductandanFDDproduct,withmultipleproductsincorporatingSkySparkastheirFDDengine).Thislistisarepresentativesnapshotofvendorsandprovidersandisnotcomprehensive;inclusiondoesnotindicateendorsementbyDOE,LBNL,ortheUniversityofCalifornia.ThroughtheprocessofdevelopingandmaintainingtheEMISProductsandServicesList,severalinsightsemerged.

• NewEMIStoolsarecontinuallybeingdeveloped,withafewvendorsconsolidatingproducts.

• Complementarydatamanagementproductsareemerging.Formanyowners,theabilitytogather,manage,andstoredataisachallenge,sodatamanagementproductsthatarefront-endagnosticareemergingtomeetthisneed.Theseproductsmayincludebasicanalyticsbutgenerallycanbethoughtofasadataplatformthatincludesdataacquisition,communications,andstorage.Oncedataarecentralizedandofconsistentquality,ownerscanutilizethevisualizationandanalyticcapabilityofthedatamanagementproduct,exportthedataforanalysis,oroverlayanEMISasananalyticslayer.

• SomeEMISproductsarebeingwhitelabeledorembeddedinotherEMISproducts.Forexample,SkySparkistheanalyticengineforanumberofotherFDDproducts.ThewhitelabeledproductsaregenerallycombinedwiththeEMISserviceprovider’songoinganalyticsupport.

• Someserviceprovidershelpusersproject-manageandprioritizediagnostics,usingdashboardstocommunicateandprioritizethetopfaultsaftertheserviceproviderreviewsthecompletefaultoutputs.Wherebuildingoperationsteamsareparticularlyshortstaffed,theEMISserviceprovidermayactasanextensionoftheoperationsteam.

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UseofEMISAnalytics

ThemostcommonlyusedmetricsavailableinEISinstallationsareenergyuseintensity(EUI,measuredinkBtu/sqft),heatmaps,andloadprofileswithfilteringbydaytype.ThesemetricsaregenerallyusedtoidentifyhighEUI,schedulingimprovements,baselinereductionopportunities,anddemandpeaks.Almostallparticipantshavewholebuildingenergyusemeteredbyfueltype,withhourlyelectricdataavailablethroughintervalmeters.Theuseofadvancedmeter-dataanalyticsisemerging.Oneparticipanthasimplementedautomatedloadshapeanalysis,andfourparticipantsusemultivariateregressionmodelsdevelopedoutsideoftheirEMISforM&V(usinghourlyordailyintervaldata).WhileatleasttenEMISproductsinthemarketcurrentlyhaveautomatedmeasurementandverification(M&V)capabilitybuilt-intotheirproducts,theuseofthisfeaturehasnotbeenwidespreadbyCampaignparticipants.

InFDDsystems,welookedfortrendsinhoworganizationsprioritizedimplementationacrosstheirHVACsystems.SomeFDDinstallationsfocusedfirstonassessingcentralplants,thenbranchedouttoairhandlersandVAVovertime.OtherparticipantsfocusedtheirFDDsystemsonVAVsystemstomonitorhundredsofVAVboxesthattheyotherwisecouldnotmonitormanually.Similarly,someparticipantsimplementedasmallsetofcoreFDDrulesatmanybuildingsandothersimplementedallpossiblerules.Thosethatimplementedtheentiresetofavailablerulesgenerallyworkedwithaserviceprovidertohelpfilterthetoppriorityfaults.Also,ownerswithexperiencedin-houseteamsoftenreceivedtrainingfromtheFDDvendortoprogramandtunetheFDDrulesontheirown.

MBCxProcess

OrganizationsthathaveinstalledFDDandareregularlyusingithaveimplementedanMBCxprocess.FDDusersweremostactiveinimplementingfindingswhentheyhadsupportfromMBCxserviceprovidersinanalyzingandprioritizingfaults,andaroutineprocesswasinplaceforfollowinguponfaultswithoperationsteams.WhilemostFDDsoftwarehasbuilt-inestimationoftheenergycostwasteofeachfaulttouseasameansofprioritization,manyparticipantsvaluedtheroleofMBCxserviceprovidersindiagnosingtherootcauseoffaultsandprovidingatop5-10measuresforaction.

Mostcommonly,oncetheEMISwasinplaceandprovidingbenefits,organizationsreceivedstablefundingfortheirMBCxprocesswithtopmanagementbuy-in.Inotherorganizations,eventhosewithrobustsavings,thecostofMBCxandtheEMISsoftwarehadtobejustifiedannually.OneparticipantcreatedadetailedbusinesscasedocumentingthedegradationofsavingsfromRCxandtheresultingbenefitsofMBCx.8

MBCxServiceProviders

Currently33EMISserviceprovidersareincludedintheFindaProductorServicelistontheCampaignwebsite,withabout40percentofthesecompaniesoperatinginoneregionofthecountry.Whilethislistislongandgrowing,itisrepresentativeandnotcomprehensive;liketheproductlistings,inclusiondoesnotindicateendorsementbyDOE,LBNL,ortheUniversityofCalifornia.

8Gregory,E,CommissioningandEmory’sSustainablePerformanceProgram.FacilitiesManager,January/February2015.http://www.appa.org/files/FMArticles/38-431.pdf

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MBCxserviceproviderstendtobecommissioningfirmsexpandingintoMBCx,controlsvendorswithMBCxserviceofferings,orEMISsoftwarevendorsthatalsoprovideservices.AcompellingevolutionintheindustryistheexpansionofmarketdeliveryofFDDthroughserviceprovidersusingthetoolstoprovideaddedvaluetotheircustomers.Thiscontrastswithearliermodelsthatreliedonin-housedirectorganizationaluse,andfromanalysis-as-a-serviceprovidedbytheFDDvendor.Figure15belowillustratesthedifferentwaystoimplementEMIS.Themostlimitedsupportforin-housestaffisinstallationsupportfromEMISvendorsorserviceproviders.AdditionalsupportinprioritizingandreviewingtheoutputoftheEMIScanbeprovidedbyEMISvendorsorMBCxserviceproviders.Thehighestlevelofassistanceincludeson-the-groundimplementationsupportfromanMBCxserviceprovider.

Figure15.SupportoptionsfortheongoinguseofEMIS

Thisexpansioninservicesofferspotentialtoincreaseaccesstothetechnologyanditsassociatedbenefitsforanewclassofownerswhootherwisemaynotbeusingitduetothelackofin-housestafftimeorexpertisetoimplementanMBCxprocess.

4.2EnablersandBarriers

ThroughthecourseoftechnicalassistanceandqualitativedatacollectionfromCampaignpartners,wehaveevaluatedandsummarizedenablersandbarrierstosuccessfulEMISsoftwareandMBCxprocessimplementation.TheseareprovidedinTable2.ThreeofthemostsignificantbarrierstosuccessfulEMISsoftwareandMBCxprocessimplementationincludethefollowing:

• Limitedinformationonthetruecostsandpotentialsavingsfromusingvaryingdegreesofanalytics

• ProblemsintegratingdataintotheEMIS

• LackofstafftimetoreviewtheEMISdashboardsandreports,andtoinvestigateandimplementfindings

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MostCampaignparticipantshavesuccessfullymadethebusinesscaseforEMISandtheinstalledsystemsthathelpthemimprovebuildingoperations.ParticipantsthathaveinstitutionalizedtheuseofdataanalyticsintheirstandardmeetingandreportingprocessesarefindingtheirMBCxprocesstobevaluablebothfromacostsavingsandbuildingcomfortperspective.

Table2.EnablersandBarrierstoImplementingEMISandMBCxbyCampaignParticipants

Category Enablers BarriersEMISSpecificationandSelection

• ParticipantshaveusedDOE’sEMISProcurementSpecificationasastartingpointforanRFP.

• FocusRFPswherethereisthemostinterestinusingthedata(i.e.,operationsstaffmaydesireFDDforspecificfaultswhileenergymanagersmaydesireEIStosimplifyenergytrackingandreporting).

• FindaProductorServicelistontheCampaignwebsite.

• LimitedinformationavailableonfullcostsandsavingspotentialhindersthebusinesscaseforimplementinganEMIS.

• UsersarenotclearonwhichEMISproductfeaturestheyneed.

• LackofclarityondifferencesbetweenEMISproducts

• ProcurementtakesalongtimeandincludeseitherwritinganRFPfromscratchorinterviewingmanyvendors.

EMISInstallationandConfiguration

• UtilityincentivesoffsetcostsandsupportinstallationanduseofEMIS

• EMISserviceproviderssupportdataintegrationandset-up,thensometimesserveasanextensionoftheoperationsteamtoprovidefocusontheFDDprocess.

• CommissioningtheEMISinstallation,includingdataqualitychecksandcriticalsensorcalibration.

• Datawarehousingtoprovideasinglelocationforallrelevantdatastreams

• DataintegrationproblemsincludedifficultyextractingdatafromolderBAS,disparatedatacollectionsystems/namingconventions,anddifficultybringingallthedataintoasingledataarchitecture.

• Dataqualityproblems(gapsindata,incorrectmeterreadings)

• Lackofexistingmeteringinplace(costofaddingmetering;forinstance,whenthereisasinglemeterservingacampus).

AnalyticProcess • Metricsanddiagnosticchartsthatsummarizeperformanceataglanceratherthanrequiringtime-intensemanualanalysis

• Analyticsareimplementedtoaddressspecificoperationalchallenges,ratherthanimplementingallavailableanalytics.

• EMISserviceprovidersorEMISvendorsimplementanexistingFDDruleslibrary

• Usersexperiencedataoverloadinsteadofgainingactionableinsights(thiscanpointtoanEMISconfigurationproblemoranissuewiththelevelofanalyticsprovided)

• Difficultyinpinpointingmeasures/opportunitiesinthedata(especiallyusingmeter-leveldata)

• Difficultyfindingrootcausesofproblems(i.e.,thepumpsmaybeoperatingat100%speedallthetimebutoperatorsneedtodeterminewhatiscausingthisfaultcondition)

• LackofM&Vprocessinplacetoverifysavings

MBCxOrganizationalProcess

• StaffthatroutinelyuseEMIStendtofindvalue;withuseacrossmanylevelsofstaff(managerstotechnicians)

• Anorganization’senergysavingsgoalspinpointtheuseofEMISandreportingfeatures;theneedtoshowpersistenceofsavingsdrivesMBCx.

• Standardprocessforimplementingfindings;mayincludeintegrationofEMISwithworkorderprocess

• Abilitytoreinvestenergycostsavings

• DifficultymaintainingpersistenceofwithoutrobustMBCxprocess(turnsintoperiodicEBCxwheresavingsdegradeafterEBCx)

• StaffoverridesofBASanddesiretooperateinmanualmodeoftenleadstoenergywaste.

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5.IndustryNeeds

Throughunderstandingwhatenabledsuccessfulanalyticsimplementationandthebarriersthathinderedparticipants(seeTable2),itbecomesclearthatthereareindustryneedsinthefollowingkeyareas:

IndustryAdvancement

• Dataqualityanddatamanagement:Accuratelyandefficientlygathering,communicating,andstoringdatafromvarioussystems,devices,andmultipleformatsisacommonchallengetoownersimplementingEMIS,andoftenresultsinlongimplementationtimeframes.Thesensordatapointsineachbuildingaregenerallycreatedwithnamesthatdescribedifferentperspectivesofthedatapoints,likethedatatype,content,unit,location,andrelationshipstootherequipment.Thesenamesareusuallyinconsistentamongcommercialvendors,buildings,andevensubsystemsinthesamebuilding.Thus,interpretingthenamesofdatapointstoaunitedformatthatisreadableforFDDtoolsinvolveslaborintensiveefforts.TheprocessofinstallingFDDsoftwareisstreamlinedwhendatapointsarenamedandtaggedinastandardizedway.Aunitedmetadataschematounderstandtherelationshipsbetweenpoints,aswellasestablishingstandard,consistentnamingconventions,arekeystepstowardsstreamliningtheimplementationofFDDtools.

• BroadfunctionalityforEMIS:Meetingdiverseuserneeds(i.e.,datamanagement,benchmarking,utilitybillmanagement,energyanalytics,systemanalytics,automatedsystemoptimization,faultprioritization,andprojecttracking)withoneEMISvendorisachallenge.Thereisthepotentialfortoolpartnershipstomeetthisneed,ortheindustrymayexpandtoolcapabilityorconsolidatetoolstoprovidemorecomprehensivesolutions.

• Incentivestospurmarketgrowth:UtilityincentiveprogramscanoffsetthebasecostsofEMISandsetupareportingstreamthatallowstheprogramtodocumentpersistenceofsavings.UtilitiesareinapositiontouseMBCxprogramstoengagewithcustomersonanongoingbasisandsupportoperationalimprovementsovertime,howeverthereareveryfewsuchprogramscurrentlyavailabletoowners.

OwnerSupport

• EIS/meterdataanalytics:Organizationsneedmoreguidanceinhowtousemeterdatatogaindiagnosticvalue.Campaignparticipantshavesharedthatitisdifficulttocreateenergydashboardsthatmeetneedsofvaryingusergroupsbecausetheyarenotsurewhattoputonthedashboardsorhowsetuptheanalyticstodirectusergroupstosavingsopportunities.TheCampaignisprovidingtechnicalsupporttoparticipantsthatwishtotailortheirEISdashboardstomeetspecificneeds.

• EMISreviewandselection:DeterminingwhichEMISvendorswillmeetorganizationalneedsandwhatfunctionalityexistswithinthevendors’productshasbeendifficultforCampaignparticipants.ThereisahesitancytobroadlydistributeEMISRFPstomanyvendorssincereviewingresponsesistimeconsuming,soorganizationstendtoselectafewvendorstosendtheRFP.Withsuchalargefieldofproductsavailable,itisdifficulttoidentifythis“shortlist.”TheCampaignhascategorizedEMISvendorsatthehighestleveloffunctionality(EIS,FDD,ASO)andintentionallyhasnotprovidedadetailedcatalogueofcapabilities,asitisdifficulttokeepanassessmentcurrentforsomanyEMISvendorsthatareupdatingtheirproductsovertime.Currently,Campaignstaffprovideguidanceabout

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toolfunctionality,howeverthereisnotastandardizedwayforparticipantstoreviewEMISfeaturesacrossallproducts.

• Bestpracticesandpeerconnections:CampaignparticipantsoftennotethattheydonotknowhowothersareimplementingEMIStoolsandMBCxprocesses.TheyhavesharedaneedforsupportinmakingthebusinesscaseforMBCx,developingRFPsforEMISand/orMBCx,configuringtheirEMIS,andverifyingenergysavings.TheCampaign’sconsultationwithparticipantsanddevelopmentofaFDDpeernetworkhasproventobebeneficialinsharinglessonslearnedamongthoseimplementingMBCx,withsupportformakingasolidbusinesscaseandimplementingbestpractices.

MBCxiscurrentlyintheearlyadopterphase,withthemostsignificantgrowthsupportedbycampusEMISinstallationsinthehighereducationmarketsectorandafewMBCx-focusedutilityprograms.AddressingtheindustryneedsoutlinedabovewillhelpexpandtheindustrytowardsongoingMBCxprocessesthatachievelastingoperationalbenefits.

6.Conclusions

Withover185millionsqftengaged,thehighlevelofparticipationintheSmartEnergyAnalyticsCampaignpointstoagrowingnationaltrendintheuseofanalyticsincommercialbuildings.EISarebecomingcommonforportfolioownersthatwanttotrackenergyusecentrallyandprioritizesites,andFDDisgainingtractionasithelpsfacilityteamstracktheperformanceofsystems.Initialfindingsfrom15participantswithanEMISinstalledshowmediancostsavingsof$0.20/sqftand5percentannually.Participantshavemadethebusinesscasetoinstallanalytics,oftenwithoutoutsidefundingandincentivesbecauseitmakesgoodfinancialsense.

ThedatacollectedshowthatCampaignpartnersareutilizingtheirEMIStofindandfixoperationalmeasuresattheirbuildingsandportfolios.However,thereisaneedtoimprovedataintegrationandmanagement,navigatethemanyEMISvendoroptions,andimproveprioritizationoffaultfindings.PartnersmustdedicateadequatestafftimetoreviewtheanalyticsandaddresstheopportunitiesfoundwiththesupportofagrowinginfrastructureofEMISvendorsandserviceproviders.TechnicalassistanceprovidedthroughtheCampaigncontinuestofocusonhelpingorganizationsmovebeyonddataparalysistobuildingoperationsthatarecontinuouslyinformedbyanalytics.