Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon
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NANO: Brief Reports and Revie ws Vol. 3, No. 2 (2008) 95–100 c World Scientific Publishing Company SYNTHESIS OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES FROM LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS QIANG ZHANG ∗ , YI LIU, JIAQI HUANG, WEIZHONG QIAN, YAO WANG and FEI WEI † Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084, P. R. China ∗ [email protected] † weifei@flotu.org Received 12 February 2008 Revised 25 February 2008 Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, and CO with high purity ( > 99.9%) have been widely used to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Here, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was used to synthesize SWCNTs by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. The LPG con- verted into CNTs and other stable hydrocarbons. The BET specific surface area of SWCNT was about 583 m 2 /g. The as-grown SWCNT showed good graphitization. The graphitization can be further modulated by the growth temperature. Certain amount of sulfur in LPG was a pro- moter for SWCNT growth. Compared SWCNTs obtained from methane, more semiconductive SWCNTs were synthesized from LPG as carbon source. The LPG is in low price, thus, a method- ology to lower the production cost of SWCNTs with hydrocarbon mixtures is realized. Keywords : Single-walled carbon nanotubes; liquefied petroleum gas; fuel; production. 1. Introduct ion Carbon nanotube (CNT) is an attractive material owing to its unique proper tie s suc h as the small size, cylindrical structure, and high aspect ratio of length to d iameter. V arious p otential applications of CNTs, including conductive and high-strength com- posites, sensors, field emission displa ys, hydrogen storage media, and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, were put forward. 1 Compared with multi- walled CNTs (MWCNTs), the single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) are of perfect structure, such as smaller diameter, la rger aspect ra ti o, and lo wer def ec t density. 1 Consequently, the SWCNTs show an out- st anding per formance in ma ny as pec ts, incl ud- ing reinfo rce d composi te mat eri als , 2 transparent conductive films, 3,4 field emission displays, 5,6 sen- sors, transistors, 7,8 etc. They are p oten tial to be the next generation of electronics. 9,10 To realize those applic ations, the nee d for lar ge amo unt of ch eap SWCNTs was proposed. In the past decade, great endeavors have been made in the large scale syn- thesis of high purity SWCNTs at low cost. Various processes, such as HiPCO process, 11 CoMo catalysis process, 12,13 alcohol chemical vapor deposition, 14,15 floating catalyst proc ess, 16–18 arc discharge, 19,20 and nano-agglomerate fluidized bed 21−23 had been dev eloped, but the as- gro wn SWCNTs were still expe nsive. Furth er puri fica tio ns were nee ded to obtain high purity SWCNTs. 11−23 Until now, it is 95 N A N O 2 0 0 8 . 0 3 : 9 5 1 0 0 . D o w n l o a d e d f r o m w w w . w o r l d s c i e n t i f i c . c o m b y M i s s M a r i e l C o c h a c h i G ü e r e o n 1 1 / 2 6 / 1 3 . F o r p e r s o n a l u s e o n l y .
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