Synopsis Final 30 March 2013
-
Upload
rahul-jadhav -
Category
Documents
-
view
84 -
download
2
Transcript of Synopsis Final 30 March 2013
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN SANGLI DISTRICT:
A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
A SYNOPSIS
SUBMITTED TO
SHRI JAGDISHPRASAD JHABARMAL TIBREWALA UNIVERSITY,
FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
GEOGRAPHY
BY
Mr. Dnyanoba Babaso Devakate
REGISTRATION NO:
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. Kothavale Subhash Shivappa
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
SHRI JAGDISHPRASAD JHABARMAL TIBREWALA UNIVERSITY,
VIDYANAGARI, JHUNJHUNU, RAJASTHAN – 333001
YEAR 2012-13
1
INTRODUCTION
Sangli is the 21st smallest district in terms of size in Maharashtra and it
covers 8,578 Sq. Km. of area. It includes 10 tahsils with different
geographical and climate situations. Sangli city is the district head quarter.
Sangli district has a great cultural background.
Physiographically the district has various landforms like hills ranges
mostly in Shirala, Kadegaon and Khanapur tahsils and the plateau region is
at the eastern part of the district. The Krishna river basin is a most irrigated
area of the district, which is categorized in plane region. Generally the
climate of Sangli district is hot and dry. The western hilly regions receive
more rain fall at Shirala and Walva tahsil. But most of the Eastern parts
Jath, Atpadi, Khanapur, Khavate-Mahankal tahsils are remains drought porn
due to lack of rainfall.
According to the census 2011, the Sangli district has population
2,820,575; out of that 74.49% rural and 25.51% is urban. Population
density of Sangli district is 329 inhabitants per Sq. Kilometer. Growth rate
of population over decade was 9.18% in 2001-2011. Sex ratio of district is
964 for every 1000 males and Literacy rate is 82.62%.
As there is large population in the villages and also the climate is
characterized as drought porne, the agriculture is the main occupation of the
people. The villages are well connected with the urban areas of the district
for their needs such as education, health, administrative, industrial produces,
fertilizers and pesticides and also as a market centers for the agricultural
productions.
Human resources mean people can act as capital assets, which yield a
stream of economic benefits over their working life. Human working
develops society by their skilled and unskilled work and produces some
kind of outcomes. Those outcomes converted into money. Money causes the
2
economy and economy affects the living standards of people. This effect
shows the development of villages, towns and cities.
Human resource development can be defined as “To develop available
manpower through suitable methods such as education, special trainings,
work promotions, transfers and opportunities to fulfill the human needs and
goals of society to developed structure”.
The development of quantity and quality of population causes the
human resource evolution. Human resource has two types of investments,
direct investment and indirect investment.
Direct human investment shows that people are engaged with direct
work which is to be available naturally. Most of the population of the
district is engaged in agricultural sector. Sugarcane, grapes and turmeric are
the important cash crops. The mining activity is also observed where
resources are available in the district for extraction of stones, grits and
bauxite. The sand from river bed is also used for construction. Some people
are working in mining occupation. As Sangli district is endowed with
various river beds and many water storage tanks, dams, due to those
resources some people are working in fishing occupation. Majority of
farmers takes animal husbandry as an occupation, supplementary to
farming. Rearing goats and sheep, Poultry are other important occupations
observed in the district. It means the direct investment of human resource
are farming, animal husbandry, mining, fishing and building construction
are the natural sources of work in the district Sangli.
Indirect investment in human resource provides resource of intelligent
people like teachers, professors, engineers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics and
technical professionals. Indirect human resources development in Sangli
district is provided through well network of various educational systems
such as Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary education, Industrial
3
training (ITI), Higher education like graduation and post gradation,
technical trainings are available through diploma and Degrees in Textiles,
Engineering, Pharmacy, Nursing, computer and Information technology.
Medical and law institutes are also available in Sangli district.
The role of sugar factories through co-operative and private sector is
much important in the development of industrial sector however, separate
industrial estates are developed at Miraj, Kupwad, Palus, Vita, Jat and
Kadegaon, through Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation.
Besides those the dairy farms, chilling plants and hatcheries, spinning mills
are also among growing industries. The Industrial development of the
district is initially started with a factory at Kirloskarwadi which is known
for the productions of iron implements for agriculture
Small scale industries like handlooms, garments, waving rough
blankets are also established. Miraj is famous for string instruments. In
addition, there are many other industries like diamond cuttings, Silver and
gold ornaments, pottery making, foot wares, cement and plastic pipes.
Cottage industries are making pickels, papads, bhadang etc.
Human resource studies guide us to meet the need of manpower,
replacement of manpower, for meeting the challenges of technological
environments.
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. Annelies Zoomers, (2006), “Three Decades of Rural Development
Projects in Asia, Latin America, and Africa: Learning From
Successes and Failures” Researcher aims to contribute to the
discussion about how to make development interventions more
effective by analyzing the factors contributing to the success or
failure of rural development projects. We made an aggregate level
analysis of 46 projects in the field of agricultural research (AR), water
management (WM), natural resource management (NRM), and
integrated rural development (IRD), financed by the Netherlands’
Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) and carried
out between 1975-2005 in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Making a
distinction between the successful projects and failures, we showed
the possibilities and limitations
2. Ankit Sharma et. al., (2012), “Rural Development in India: State
Level Experiences”, This explanations, the 2011 Census estimates
that 69 percent of the country’s total population inhabits in villages.
Despite implementing a number of programmers for creating gainful
employment opportunities and to improve the quality of lives of rural
masses, rural development continues to be a key policy challenge.
Rural development essentially reflects in the improvements in the
economic well being of people living in villages. In some way, it
reflects in the increase in the purchasing power of the rural
inhabitants.
3. Alexia Prskawetz et. al., (2004), “The Effects of Age Structure on
Economic Growth: An Application of Probabilistic Forecasting in
India”, Researcher explains, Changing India's social infrastructure
variable from its value in 1995-2000 to the level currently observed in
Singapore increases the average rate of economic growth of output
per working age person by about 1 percentage point. Since in this
case there would be bidirectional causality, it would be infeasible to
5
quantify a feedback erect from economic growth to better social
infrastructure. Nevertheless, keeping in mind the possibility of
improving social infrastructure, India's future economic growth might
be faster than our predictions that consider only the change in the age
structure.
4. Arup MITRA * et. al., (2008), “Rural to Urban Migration: A District
Level Analysis for India”, Researcher explains, Based on the recent
census data this paper analyses the district level rural to urban
migration rates among males and females separately. Both the rates
are closely associated irrespective of whether the migrants originate
from the rural areas within the state or outside the state. This would
suggest that women usually migrate as accompanists of the males.
Though many of the relatively poor and backward states actually
show large population mobility, which is primarily in search of a
livelihood, the mobility of male population is also seen to be
prominent in the relatively advanced states like Maharashtra and
Gujarat. Rapid migration of rural females within the boundaries of the
states is, however, evident across most of the regions.
5. A. J. Barakade, (2011), “The Pattern Of Population Density in
Maharashtra (India)”, Research Paper explains, In this paper the
present study reveals the district wise density of population in
Maharashtra State during 1991-2011. Density of population is a better
measure of understanding the variation in the distribution of
population is expressed as number of persons per unit. In this paper
discussed the pattern of spatial distribution of population density.
6. Awate S.J. et. al., “Population Growth in Solapur District of
Maharashtra A Geographical Analysis”, Research paper explains,
The present paper intends the ascertain of the population growth of
Solapur District of Maharashtra for the period of 1901 to 2011.
Population growth is basic parameter in population science. The
population of Solapur District has been increased tremendously since
independence. Among them urban and rural population growth has
been varied according to time and space. So in the present research
paper, the major objective is to understand the population growth in 6
Solapur District. Such type of study represents real situation of
population in Solapur District and helps to planners, population
scientists and research scholars.
7. Abdul Shaban, (2004), “Regional Structure, Growth and Convergence
of income in Maharashtra.”, Research paper studies, This argument
is well illustrated by regional economies of India. Studies have shown
that State economies in India are diverging, and the rate of divergence
has increased in the ‘post-reform’ period. However, the present study,
which analyses the sectoral and aggregate per capita incomes in
Maharashtra suing spatial econometric methods for the period 1993-
94 to 2002-03, shows that opposed to the trend of divergence at inter-
State level, regional economies in Maharashtra are converging,
though with significant differences in the rates of convergence across
various sectors and regions. Marathwada and Vidarbha, with weak
industrial sectors, have been the most underdeveloped regions in the
State over the years. The study also highlights the impact of ‘spatial
spillovers’ on regional patterns of economic development in the State
and its policy implications.
8. B.M. Sule et. al., (2012), “Correlation Between Literacy & Sex Ratio
In Solapur Disttrict of Maharashtra : Ageoraphical Analysis”
Researcher to analyze the knowledge of sex ratio is essential for the
understanding condition of women in society. A decline or low
number of female population in the total population is strongly
suggestive of the neglect of girl children, sex selective abortions and
traditional attitudes of society. Thus, the analysis of literacy and sex
ratio is immense significant. proved that high literacy rate, high sex
ratio. It was observed that the high literacy rate, the sex ratio also
high e.g. North Solapur tahsil.
9. Barry Mirkin, (2010), “Population Levels, Trends and Policies in the
Arab Region: Challenges and Opportunities” Research Paper states,
The Arab Region1, which lies at the crossroads of Europe, Africa and
7
Asia, is the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of the three great
monotheistic religions of the world. The Region benefits from a
number of similarities and opportunities, including a long, rich
history spanning thousands of years, strong cultural traditions,
common language and a large, educated workforce, due in part to
increasing female labour force participation. Furthermore, the Region
sits atop more than half of the world’s oil resources.
10.Bilal SAVAS, (2008), “The Relationship between Population and
Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From The Central Asian
Economies”, This research paper aims to investigate the causal
relationship between population and per capita economic growth in
the Central Asian Economies (CAEs). Using the ARDL approach to
co integration, we find evidence of a long-run relationship between
population and real per capita income and provide strong support for
the hypothesis that population is driving growth. Overall, the
relationship between population and economic growth is strong and
positive in the CAEs over the period of the analysis.
11.By. Richard E. Bilsborrow et. al.,, (2002), “Migration, Population
Change, And The Rural Environment”, Researcher gives us, since
most migrants to the agricultural frontier are poor, the challenge is to
find ways of combating rural poverty in areas of origin while at the
same time promoting a more sustainable use of the rural environment
in both areas of origin and areas of destination.
12.BARAKADE A.J., (2012), “Growth of Population in Satara District
of Maharashtra”, Research paper present study reveals the tahsil wise
growth of population in Satara district during 1991-2011. The
population of Satara district is constantly changing. These population
changes represent peoples’ adjustment to economic development,
opportunities of employment, development of educational facilities,
immigration and outmigration sources, agricultural development,
8
sugarcane industries concentrated in Karad, Satara and Koregaon
tahsils, advanced technology, social environment and the exercise of
residential preferences when more people move into an area than
move out during study period. Thus changes of in the size of an area’s
population involve natural increase or decrease and net migration. It
is clear the changes in population growth rate will be increasingly
affecting our society. We face to challenge of anticipating these
demographic changes and encouraging social institutions of
education, family, economic, political, health and recreation at all
organizational levels to plan in ways that will maximize the well-
being and satisfaction of the population.
13.Chakraborty et. al., (2008), “Determinants of Declining Child Sex
Ratio in India: An Empirical Investigation”, The paper determines the
interpersonal and spatial trends and socioeconomic determinants of
spatial variations in the relative neglect of girl child in India. Using
fixed effects model of pooled least sequence for the last four
decennial census data across fifteen major states in India. The paper
revealed that higher socio-economic characteristics(female literacy,
female work force participation and economic growth) has not been
translated efficiently in terms of containing the female sustenance
and survival disadvantage. Even the economic growth showed an
inverse relation with the juvenile sex ratio.
14.Carl Haub et. al., (2006), “India’s Population Reality: Reconciling
Change and Tradition” Researcher presents a demographic portrait of
the diverse country of India in the early years of the 21st century and
offers insight into some of the forces driving continued growth. Will
India become the world’s first population “double billionaire?” Such
a development is well within mathematical possibility. That is one of
India’s most compelling future issues.
15.Dr. Sushama Deshmukh, (2012), “Population Growth In India And Its
Impact On Indian Economy”), Researcher discuss the challenges
9
before Indian economy in terms of Population explosion, Poverty,
Unemployment, Rural urban divide and finally conclude India has the
second largest labour force in the world. Projection of labour force is
pre-requisite ensuring optimal utilization of available human
resources. Manpower development is then taken up to provide
adequate labour force, of appropriate skills and quality to different
sectors so that there is rapid socioeconomic development and there is
no mismatch between skills required and skills available. Planning
also attempts to provide enabling environment for employment
generation in public, private and voluntary sectors in urban and rural
areas.
16.Dr. Rajiv Kumar et. al., (2011), Knowledge paper on, “Strategic and
implementation framework for skill envelopment in India”, Exsisting
framework consequently, the adoption of a much more robust
approach is essential for putting in place a quality vocational
education and training framework in the country for improving
qualityin turms of Quality training of faculty with industry
participation, Development of curriculum with focus on IT,
Promotion of PPP model for infrastructure development,
Establishment of robust certification of standard setting mechanism.
17.David E. Bloom et. al., (2007-2008), “Population Health and
Economic Growth”, Researcher explains, Health is a direct source of
human welfare and also an instrument for raising income levels. We
discuss a number of mechanisms through which health can affect
income, focusing on worker productivity, children’s education,
savings and investment, and demographic structure.
18.David E. Bloom, (2011), “Population Dynamics in India and
Implications for Economic Growth” Researcher provides us, In
conclusion, demographics matter to the pace and process of economic
growth and development – in India and elsewhere. While many
factors influence economic growth, few are more important and
reliable than demography. India’s changing demographics are
creating a strong impulse for economic growth, and policymakers
10
have several options for making this potential demographic dividend
a reality.
19.Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,
(2005), “Population Challenges and Development Goals”,
Population division provides us, The present report has two
objectives. First, it presents a succinct overview of demographic
trends worldwide, for major areas and selected countries. It covers
population size and growth, urbanization and city growth, population
ageing, fertility and contraception, mortality and international
migration. In addition to covering world demographic trends, this
report includes a section on population policies, in which the
concerns and responses of Governments with respect to major trends
are summarized. Second, the report considers the contribution of the
implementation of the Programme of Action of the International
Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), in all its aspects,
to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals,
including those contained in the United Nations Millennium
Declaration.
20.Dr. Misal S.M.,(2011), “Co-operatives and Rural Development”,
Research Paper – Indian Streams Research Journal / 72, Economics
Vol. 1, Issue II / March 2011, pp. 69-72, India is agricultural based
country and its 70% population stay in rural area. Co-operation is a
dynamic movement for the socio-economic and cultural development
of the people. The cooperatives have strong local linkage in the rural
area. This can be used for expanding the rural all round development.
21.Dr. Prekshi, (2010), “Research Abstracts on Rural Development
(1998–2009)”, Researcher explains the report of development of
women and children in rural areas (DWCRA) in Indian Government.
The intervention of NGOs had a positive impact on functional status
of DWCRA groups. DWCRA’s failure to make a mark on the
development scene was due to problems in conceptualization, design
and implementation. A system should be designed to record the
11
feedback of women regarding functioning of groups and their role,
Gramsevaks, animations and NGOs. The relevance and specific role
of NGOs need to be debated more widely so hat terms and areas of
association between the state and private sectors would be clearer.
22.Dr. C.N. Kokate et. al., (2011), “The Tribal Development In
Maharashtra – A Case Study”, This case study is the constitution of
India provides definite provisions for the uplift and welfare of the
tribal people throughout the country. The levels of socio-economic
development vary considerably between nontribal and tribal
population, between one tribe and another tribe and even among
different sub-groups of a tribal group. The present research work is an
attempt to study the impact of the various government schemes on the
socio-economic development of the tribal population in the state.
23.G. Janaki Ramaiah et. al., (2011), “Decline Child Sex Ratio in India:
Trends, Issues and Concerns” Researcher highlights of 2011 census
as the increasing in child sex ratio that came as a shock in the latest
census figures shows 914 girls, and this is the lowest ever since
Indepedence, slipping from 927 in 2001. The increasing trend has
been seen in Punjab, Hariyana, Himachal Pradesh and Tamilnadu,
Mizoram and Andaman & Nicobar Island while in all, the remaining
27 states and union territories, a rate has shown to decline. It was
highest in Mizoram 971, closely followed by Meghalaya (970).
Therefore defect of girl child population, leads to serious
demographic imbalance and adverse social consequences.
24.Grahame Allen et. al., (2007), “An Economic Introduction To India”,
Researcher provides, India is highly diverse and complex, as reflected
in its ethnic, linguistic, geographic, religious and demographic
features. India is only the second country to achieve a population of
one billion (after China). Its current population totals 1.1 billion. It
accounts for 17% of the earth’s population, and it is its fastest 12
growing nation. The majority of people are Hindu, but there are also
large populations of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains.
25.H. Reşit Akçakaya, (2000), “Population Viability Analyses with
Demographically and Spatially Structured Models” Researcher This
paper presents a review of demographically structured (or, frequency-
based) models, in which the individuals in a population are grouped
into distinct classes. Structured models are used when vital rates
(survival, reproduction, dispersal) of individuals depend on their age
or physiological/morphological stage. Variation in these rates
(environmental stochasticity) and the effect of abundance (density
dependence) are important factors that determine population viability.
26.Himanshu et. al., (2011), “India and an Indian village: 50 years of
economic development in Palanpur.”, Researcher studied a two
studies to find out the economic survey of villages he founds that a
village of a little over 1000 people can help understand the economy
of a country one million times as large and the changing nature of the
country is fundamental to understanding. The work to include issues
such as credit market, social and political relations, environment and
gender. It is only half a year since the team that collected the data left
the village.
27.I. PEN* et. al., (1999), “Sexual Selection and the Sex Ratio: An ESS
Analysis”, The researcher studied Sexual selection driven by female
mate choice is held responsible for much male extravaganza such as
conspicuous ornaments and elaborate courtship displays Female
choosiness itself is favored by selection if it confers a net fitness
benefit to females. Those benefits are usually classified as either
direct or indirect benefits. Direct benefits of choosiness are
improvements of a female’s own reproductive success, due to, for
example, preferred males having better territories or providing more
parental care. Here they show that in populations with non-
13
overlapping generations and symmetric genetics the average
reproductive value of females equals the average reproductive value
of males.
28. Indian Government, (2001), “Sex composition of the human
population”, Census of India 2001, Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001, It
is people oriented chapter discus Sex composition of the human
population is one of the basic demographic characteristics, which is
extremely vital for any meaningful demographic analysis. Indian
Census has the tradition of bringing out disaggregated information by
sex on various aspects of population. The first and foremost is the
simple count of males and females. Changes in sex composition
largely reflects the underlying socio-economic and cultural patterns of
a society in different ways. Sex ratio defined here as the number of
females per 1000 males in the population, is an important social
indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equity between males
and females in a society at a given point of time. It is mainly the
outcome of the interplay of sex differentials in mortality, sex selective
migration, sex ratio at birth and at times the sex differential in
population enumeration.
29.Joel E. Cohen, (1995), “Population Growth and Earth’s Human
Carrying Capacity.” Researcher studied Earth’s capacity to support
people to determine by both natural constraints and by human choices
concerning economics, environment, culture and demography.
Human carrying capacity is therefore dynamic and uncertain, human
choice is not captured by ecological notations of carrying capacity
that are appropriate for nonhuman populations. Simple mathematical
models of the relation between human population growth and human
carrying can account for faster than exponential population growth.
14
30.James McCarthy, (2005), “Progress in Human Geography”,
Researcher identifies Recent developments, empirical and theoretical,
call into question the geographic concentration concentrations of rural
geography. This review is written in a world in which, for the first
time ever, the urban population exceeds the rural. This review will
focus on a single important theme in recent rural geography, that of
'multifunctionality' in rural landscapes. Landscapes typically produce
a range of commodity and non-commodity use values simultaneously
and that policy ought to recognize and protect that entire range of
values, has received substantial attention in the field in recent years.
31.James F. X. Egan1*, Winston A. Campbell1, Audrey Chapman,
Alireza A. Shamshirsaz1, Padmalatha Gurram1 and Peter A. Benn,
(2011), “Distortions of sex ratios at birth in the United States;
evidence for prenatal gender selection” researcher explain the normal
male to female live birth sex ratio ranges from 1.03 to 1.07. Higher
ratios in China, India and Korea reflect prenatal sex selection. We
reviewed sex ratios for US births to investigate potential prenatal sex
selection. Researcher studied and review The male to female live
birth sex ratio in the United States exceeded expected biological
variation for third+ births to Chinese, Asian Indians and Koreans
strongly suggesting prenatal sex selection
32.Jose Pineda et. al., (2010), “Curse or Blessing? Natural Resources and
Human Development”, Researcher provides, These results contribute
to a broader discussion of development by indicating that the positive
effect of natural resource abundance is clearer for human
development than for GDP growth, mainly through the education and
health dimensions.
15
33.Jean Dreze et. al., (1999), “Fertility, Education and Development:
Further Evidence from India”, There has been a significant decline in
fertility in many parts of India since the early 1980s. This paper
reexamines the determinants of fertility levels and fertility decline,
using panel data on Indian districts for 1981 and 1991. We find that
women's education is the most important factor explaining fertility
differences across the country and over time. Low levels of child
mortality and son preference also contribute to lower fertility. By
contrast, general indicators of modernization and development such
as urbanization, poverty reduction and male literacy bear no
significant association with fertility. En passant, we probe a subject of
much confusion - the relation between fertility declines on gender
bias.
34.Kadi A.S et. al., (2012) “Problems Of Urbanization in Developing
Countries: A Case Study In India”, Researcher explains the present
paper deals with problems faced by Indian citizens due to
urbanization. The technological and industrial boom has brought
enormous problems to urban citizens causing degradation of the
environment. Number of slums has increased in metropolitan cities.
Acute shortage of space for housing, lack of sewage treatment
facilities, polluted water and transport constraints are serious
concerns of the urban population. Poor sanitation and contaminated
drinking water arising from human activity and natural phenomena
create serious problems on human health.
35.Lee F. G. et. al., (2011), “Occupation, body size and sex ratio of
round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in established and newly
invaded areas of an Ontario river” Paper on Invasive species
represent a challenge because the particular characteristics of a
16
species’ invasion are often unknown before the invasion. To provide
some clarity as to how invasive species demographic structure might
change as a population advances its range, we compared the
proportion of occupied sites, size structure and sex ratio of round
gobies in the area where they first invaded with more recently
invaded areas at the extent of their range in a river in south-eastern
Ontario. They also observations in this study, round gobies appear to
successfully expand their range through mechanisms that parallel
those used by other invasive populations, which makes the round
goby a good candidate to test both empirical and theoretical
hypotheses about species’ invasions.
36.Mr. Mali S.R. et. al., (2012), “Spatial Pattern of Sex Ratio In India :
A Geographical Perspective”, Researcher described the number of
females per every 1000 males in a given place. It, again, is
recalculated based on the age groups like 0 years to 6 years or 6 years
and above. The number of females in the age group of 0 years to 6
years is termed as child sex ratio. Sex composition is a subject of
great interest to the demographers, regional planners, sociologists,
economists and geographers too. Sex ratio is an index of socio
economic conditions of an area. It is an important tool a of regional
analysis.
37.Mariapia Mendola, (2006), “Rural out-migration and economic
development at origin, What do we know?”, Researcher explains
Migration is a complex phenomenon and given the new challenges
posed by a ‘globalised’ and rapidly changing world, drawing lessons
from the mass migration of the past century is not an easy task either.
One lesson we can draw from the existing migration literature is that
a major feature of the current ‘mass migration’ process -besides the
creation of high barriers to it - is its strong linkage to countries of
17
origin. This motivates further research aiming at a better
understanding of the migration-development nexus, both when
migrants intend to go back home and when they deepen their
integration in the host country.
38.Monica Das Gupta et. al., (2011), “Population, Poverty, and
Sustainable Development A Review of the Evidence”, This paper
reviews the literature on three themes: (a) Does high fertility affect
low-income countries’ prospects for economic growth and poverty
reduction? (b) Does population growth exacerbate pressure on natural
resources? and (c) Are family planning programs effective at
lowering fertility, and should they be publicly funded?
39.Prin. Dr. K. H. Shinde et. al., (2011), “Study Of Population And
Some Resources In The Drought Prone Region Of Maharashtra”
Drought has been major problem in India as well as Maharashtra. It is
an unpredictable climatic condition and occurs due to failure of one
or more monsoons. Drought prone region of Maharashtra faces the
various problems i.e. low agricultural productivity, agricultural
instability, drinking water, migration, farmer suicide etc. This is a
result of erratic rainfall and lack of sufficient irrigation facilities. The
Maharashtra state and Government of India have made many efforts
to overcome the problems created by the drought.
40.Patrick M. Wright et. al., (2003), “The impact of HR practices on the
performance of business units.” Researcher examines the impact of
HR practices and organisational commitment on the operating
performance and portability of business units. Using a predictive
design with a sample of 50 autonomous business units within the
same corporation, the article reveals that both organisational
commitment and HR practices are significantly related to operational
measures of performance, as well as operating expenses and pre-tax
profits. The results of this study support the notion that businesses
18
which manage employees with more progressive HR practices can
expect to see higher operational performance as a result.
41.Priya Deshingkar et. al., (2009), “Migration and Human Development
in India”, Researcher explains, Without such recognition and action
large parts of the population will continue to be excluded and this will
compromise India’s prospects for poverty reduction and reaching the
Millennium Development Goals.
42.Philip Martin, (2009), “Demographic and Economic Trends:
Implications for International Mobility”, Researcher explains,
Receiving areas can benefit economically and culturally from the
contributions of migrants, and migrant-areas-of-organ can benefit
from remittances that reduce poverty and provide a new impetus for
development. However, there are likely to be yawning gaps between
the rights and protections laid out in international conventions and the
realities faced by many migrants.
43.Pham Thi Ngoc Trang et. al., (2011), “Effects of Population Growth
on Economic Growth in Asian Developing Countries”, Publisher :
Johan Linden, In sumary, this paper researches the impact of
population growth in economic growth, specifically GDP per capita,
of Asian Developing countries. By doing the multiple regression
tests, we can conclude that higher population growth will lower the
GDP per capita as well as pull the economy in these countries down.
Furthermore, we can predict that in the near future, the population
growth in Asian Developing countries will decline, along with a rise
in the level of output per worker. Consequently, the economic
development in these countries will be improved.
44.Paris, (2007), “Urban Population, Development and Environment
Dynamics” Researcher, theoretically, urban areas present
considerable advantages in economic, social, demographic and
environmental terms. In a globalized economy, cities are better able
to take advantage of emerging opportunities and thus better able than
19
rural areas to improve the social or health situation for large numbers
of people. Urbanization may help to retard rural environmental
degradation, by serving as an outlet for rural migration. Urbanization
also promotes the empowerment of women, while changing
aspirations and lifestyles that accelerate fertility decline.
45.P. Parthasarathy Rao et. al., (2004), “Agricultural Diversification in
India and Role of Urbanization”, Researcher explains, Indian
agriculture is diversifying during the last two decades towards High-
Value Commodities (HVCs) i.e., fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, and
fish products. This paper, focus is on diversification towards HVCs in
the context of urbanization. Since urban population is growing at
more than 3% per annum, demand for HVCs will drive their
production. The analysis has also brought out regional variations in
HVCs across different districts in the country that has implications on
regional development and planning, and consequently on public and
private sector investment strategies.
46.R. Raghuttama Rao et. al., (2011), “Human Resource and Skill
Requirements in the Education and Skill Development Services
Sector- Study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till
2022” A report Given this context and the discussions in the earlier
sections, it is required that technology and other innovative means of
teaching content/training delivery be adopted. Even with these factors
in mind, and considering the formal Education and Skill
Development/Vocational Training Sector alone12, we expect that the
demand for teachers and trainers would continue to the extent of
training 415,000 teachers and trainers annually
47.Shareen Joshi et. al., (2009), “Population Dynamics and Economic
Development: Filling the Research Gaps”, Researcher widely
acknowledged that improvements in reproductive health can affect
economic growth and poverty reduction through many pathways. At
20
the macro-level, these changes can have an impact on GDP growth
rates, population growth rates, age-distributions, poverty rates, and
distribution of income and in some cases, the spatial distribution of
populations.
48.Timothy Kiessling et. al., (2005), “Strategic global human resource
management research in the twenty-first century: an endorsement of
the mixed-method research methodology”, Researcher provide, depth
and flexibility needed to explore the SGHRM issues. Mixed methods
are a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches that
maintain methodological rigors as well as measures for reliability and
validity. This paper explores the current methods, the reasons for their
lack of success in portraying the depth of the phenomena and why the
mixed methods approach appears to be a superior method for research
for the SGHRM field. Multiplicity of network units, Global network
instability, Discontinuities in internal organizational support, Multi-
dimensionality of strategic human resource leadership task, Multi-
skill leadership demands for global network human resource
management.
49.Terry Cannon*, (2008), “Reducing People’s Vulnerability to Natural
Hazards -Communities and Resilience”, Researcher extract the
concepts vulnerability, resilience and community are widely used and
abused in the literature on natural hazards and disaster risk reduction.
This paper seeks to bring greater rigors in their use. In particular,
vulnerability must be understood as a set of socioeconomic conditions
that are identifiable in relation to particular hazard risks, and therefore
perform a predictive role that can assist in risk reduction. Resilience
is often confused as a concept, sometimes seen as the inverse of
vulnerability, and by others as an independent quality. These
21
confusions may be especially relevant in the context of §policy for
disaster risk reduction at the scale of community. Here there is often
an idealized notion of community as undifferentiated and
unproblematic.
22
HYPOTHESES
Development of the any area is depend upon the quality of human
resource.
23
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The entire work is mostly depend upon the secondary data source and
the required relevant information will be collected through personal
interviews as primary data if necessary.
The required secondary data will be collected from the District
Census, Handbooks, District statistical abstract, Tahsildar offices, Govt.
Statistical Reports, information through internet, magazines, documents and
e-books.
The collected data will be processed, stabilized and presented through
proper cartographic techniques. E.g. Graphs, Maps, Pie charts etc. in the
study of structure of population and the statistical models will be utilized.
24
SCOPE OF STUDY
This geographical study on Human Resource Development of Sangli
District will focus on all the parameters of demographic characteristics of
population such as Distribution, Density, Migration, Growth Rate,
Population structure – Age and Sex, Literacy, Occupational, Worker-Non-
worker etc.
This study will be useful to understand the quality of population and
human resource development in Sangli district.
The development of quality of population causes the human resource
evolution. The direct investments of human resources are farming, animal
husbandry, mining, fishing and building construction are the natural sources
of work in the Sangli district. About 74% of the population is residing in
villages which are rural in nature.
Indirect human resource development in the district is provided through
various educational systems. The development of sugar factories in co-
operative and private sector along with the separate industrial sector through
M.I.D.C. in the district helps for H.R.D. and overall development of the
district.
Considering the huge population load in various agriculture sectors,
various irrigation projects undertaken by the Government of Maharashtra
for agriculture development, developing Industrial sector in the district will
definitely accept the H.R.D. of the district in future.
This study guides us to meet the need of man power, replacement of
man power and to provide a quality developed society in future.
25
STUDY REGION
Sangli district is located in the southern part of Maharashtr and
administratively it is part of western Maharashtra. The district is extended
from 160 45’ N to 170 22’ N latitude and 730 42’ E to 720 40’ E longitude.
Maximum East and West extension is 205 Km’s. In North-South has
varying length 96 Km’s. Total area of district is 8578 Sq. Km’s. Height
above the sea-level is 553 m. According to Sangli district census 2011,
population is 2,820,575 and density of Population of the district is 329
inhabitants per Sq. Kilometer.
Sangli district is bounded by Satara and Solapur district to the North.
Bijapur district, Karanataka to the East. Kolthapur and Belgaon of
Karanataka to the South and Ratanagari district to the west.
The Sangli district comprises in ten tahsils administratively. This
district includes total 724 villages and 8 urban centers.
Physiographically the district has various landforms like hill ranges
mostly in Shirala, Kadegaon and Khanapur tahsils and the plateau region at
eastern part of the district. The Krishna river basin is a most fertile area of
the district, which is categorized in plane region. Generally the climate of
Sangli district is hot and dry. The western hilly regions receives more rain
fall at Shirala and Walva tahsil. But most of the Eastern part of Jath, Atpadi,
Khanapur, Khavate-Mahankal tahsils remains drought porne due to lack of
rainfall.
26
RESEARCH DESIGN
The Proposed research work will be in the following manner
Topic 1 : Introduction title, significance of studies, objectives, database and methodology, research design (chapter schema)
Topic 2 : Introduction to the study region Sangli district location and administrative division’s physiographic, climate, vegetation, Agriculture, Industry and Population.
Topic 3 : The growth and distribution of population.
Topic 4 : Demographic changes in population.
Topic 5 : Population Structure and changes.
Topic 6 : Scenario of Human Resource Development and emerged problem.
Topic 7 : Findings and Recommendations
Topic 8 : Bibliography
WORK PLAN27
The Plan for completation of research work is as follows:
1st Six months : Collecting reviews, Completation of Synopsis and understood the subject.
2nd Six months : Data collection and processing
3rd Six months : Representation of data with proper cartographic
techniques and analysis
4th Six months : Final draft of the thesis
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYE
28
The main objective of this study is as fallows:
1. To study the growth and distribution of population since 1971
census year of Sangli district.
2. To analyze influencing factors of density population.
3. To study the demographic characteristic of population.
4. To study the structure of population.
5. To assess the Human Resources Development of the district
with emerged problems.
REFRANCES:
29
1 Annelies Zoomers, (2006), “Three Decades of Rural Development Projects in Asia, Latin America, and Africa: Learning From Successes and Failures” UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Research Paper No. 2006/33.
2 Ankit Sharma et. al., (2011), “Rural Development in India: State Level Experiences”, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, Website: www.assocham.org
3 Alexia Prskawetz, Tomas Kögel, Warren C. Sanderson, and Sergei Scherbov, (2004), “The Effects of Age Structure on Economic Growth: An Application of Probabilistic Forecasting in India” , Vienna Institute of demography Austrian Academy of Sciences Prinz Eugen-Strasse 8-10 · A-1040 Vienna · Austria, Website:www.oeaw.ac.at/vid
4 Arup Mitra and Mayumi Murayama, (2008), “Rural to Urban Migration: A District Level Analysis for India”, Institute Of Developing Economies (IDE), Jetro 3-2-2, Wakaba, Mihama-Ku, Chiba-Shi Chiba 261-8545, Japan.
5 A. J. Barakade, (2011), “The Pattern Of Population Density in Maharashtra (India)”, Research Paper–Geography, Social Growth Half yearly Research Journal, Vol. I, Issue : III, Nov. 2011 to April 2012.
6 Awate S. J. And Todkari G.U., “Population Growth in Solapur District of Maharashtra A Geographical Analysis”, Geoscience Research, ISSN: 0976–9846 & E-ISSN: 0976–9854, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2011, pp.-45 to 48. Available online at:http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.Php?id=90.
7 Abdul Shaban, “Regional Structure, Growth and Convergence of income in Maharashtra.”, Unit for Urban Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai -88.
8 B.M. Sule and others, (2012),“Correlation Between Literacy & Sex Ratio In Solapur Disttrict of Maharashtra: Ageoraphical Analysis”, Published by SOCIAL GROWTH Vol. I, Issue : IV, May 2012 to Oct. 2012 pp. 37-44.
9 Barry Mirkin, (2010), “Population Levels, Trends and Policies in the Arab Region: Challenges and Opportunities” United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series.
10 Bilal SAVAS, (2008), “The Relationship Between Population And 30
Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From The Central Asian Economies” OAKA Cilt:3, Sayı: 6, pp. 161-183.
11 By Richard E. Bilsborrow, (2002), “Migration, Population Change, And The Rural Environment”, (Summer 2002): 69-94 Ecsp Report · ISSUE 8 pp. 69-94.
12 BARAKADE A.J., (2012), “Growth of Population in Satara District of Maharashtra”, World Research Journal of Geoinformatics, ISSN: 2278-7003 & E-ISSN: 2278-7011, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2012, pp-17-20. Available online at: http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=177.
13 Chakraborty and others, (2008), “Determinants of Declining Child Sex Ratio in India: An Empirical Investigation”, Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7602/ MPRA Paper No. 7602, posted 10. March 2008 pp. 1-22
14 Carl haub and o.p. Sharma, (2006), “India’s Population Reality: Reconciling Change and Tradition” Population BULLETIN Vol. 61 No. 3 Population Reference Bureau (PRB
15 Dr. Sushama Deshmukh, (2012), “Population Growth In India And Its Impact On Indian Economy”), International Referred Research Journal, January, 2012, ISSN- 0975-3486, RNI : RAJBIL 2009/30097, VOL- III * ISSUE 28.
16 Dr. Rajiv Kumar and Abhaya Krishna Agarwal, (2011), Knowledge paper on, “Strategic and implementation framework for skill envelopment in India”, Publisher: FICCI contacts.
17 David E. Bloom, David Canning, ( 2007- 2008), “Population Health and Economic Growth”, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank On behalf of the Commission on Growth and Development, Internet:www.worldbank.org, www.Growth commission.org.
18 David E. Bloom, (2011), “Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth” PROGRAM ON THE GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING Working Paper Series, PGDA Working Paper No. 65,
19 Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, (2005),“Population Challenges and Development Goals”, ST/ESA/ SER.A/248 United Nations publication Sales No. E.05.XIII.8 ISBN 92-1-151411-8 Copyright © United Nations,
31
2005. 20 Dr. Misal S.M.,(2011), “Co-operatives and Rural Development”,
Research Paper – Indian Streams Research Journal /72, Economics Vol. 1, Issue II / March 2011, pp. 69-72.
21 Dr. Prekshi, (2010), “Research Abstracts on Rural Development(1998 – 2009)”, Documentation Centre for Women and Children National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development.
22 Dr. C.N. Kokate, Dr. R. S. Solunke, (2011), “The Tribal Development In Maharashtra – A Case Study”, International Referred Research Journal, February, 2011 ISSN-0975-3486 RNI: RAJBIL 2009/300097 VOL-I *ISSUE 17.
23 G. Janaki Ramaiah, and others, (2011), “Decline Child Sex Ratio in India: Trends, Issues and Concerns” Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Science, Vol. III (1) –Jun 2011 pp. 183-198. Visit : http://www.socialscience-ejournal.org
24 Grahame Allen & Janna Jessee, (2007), “An Economic Introduction To India”, ECONOMIC POLICY AND STATISTICS SECTION, HOUSE OF COMMONS LIBRARY, Research Paper 07/04.
25 H. Reşit Akçakaya, (2000), “Population Viability Analyses with Demographically and Spatially Structured Models” Ecological Bulletins 48:pp. 23-38
26 Himanshu, and Nicholas Stern, (2011), “India and an Indian village: 50 years of economic development in Palanpur.”, ASIA RESEARCH CENTRE WORKING PAPER 43.on line at :www.lse.ac.uk/collections /AsiaResearchCentre.
27 I.PEN* and others, (1999), “Sexual Selection and the Sex Ratio: An ESS Analysis” Paper presented @ University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands pp.111-121. Available online at: http://www .akkrt.hu
28 Indian Government, (2001), “Sex composition of the human population”, Census of India 2001, Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001.
29 Joel E. Cohen (1995), “Population Growth and Earth’s Human Carrying Capacity.” JSOTES articles of Science Vol. 269 PP. 341-
32
346 available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html30 James McCarthy, (2005), “Progress in Human Geography” ,
Progress in Human Geography 29, 6 (2005) Published by SAGE publication, pp. 773-782. Available at http://www.Sagepublications. com
31 James F. X. and others, (2011), “Distortions of sex ratios at birth in the United States; evidence for prenatal gender selection” Published online 27 March 2011 in Wiley Online Library PP. 560–565. on http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com
32 Jose Pineda and Francisco Rodríguez, (2010), “Curse or Blessing? Natural Resources and Human Development” Human Development Research Paper 2010/04. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series.
33 Jean Drèze Mamta Murthi, (1999), “Fertility,Education and Development: Further Evidence from India”.
34 Kadi A.S., Halingali B.I. & Ravishankar P., (2012) “Problems Of Urbanization in Developing Countries: A Case Study In India”, International Journal of Science and Nature I.J.S.N., VOL. 3(1) 2012, pp. 93-104 Web site : www.scienceandnature.org.
35 Lee F. G. Gutowsky and others, (2011), “Occupation, body size and sex ratio of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in established and newly invaded areas of an Ontario river” Primary research paper, pp. 27-37.
36 Mr. Mali S.R. and others, “Spatial Pattern of Sex Ratio In India: A Geographical Perspective”, Indian Streams Research Journal Vol.2, Issue. IV/May; 12 pp. 1-4
37 Mariapia Mendola, (2006), “Rural out-migration and economic development at origin, What do we know?”, Sussex Migration Working pp. 40
38 Monica Das Gupta, John Bongaarts, John Cleland “Population, Poverty, and Sustainable Development A Review of the Evidence”, Development Research Group, Human Development and Public Services Team WPS 5719 Public.
39 Prin. Dr. K. H. Shinde and others (2011), “Study Of Population And Some Resources In The Drought Prone Region Of Maharashtra” Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. 1, Issue II/
33
March 2011, pp. 145-150.40 Patrick M. Wright and others, “The impact of HR practices on the
performance of business units.” Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 13 No 3, 2003, pp. 21-36.
41 Priya Deshingkar and and Shaheen Akter, (2009), “Migration and Human Development in India”, Human Development Research Paper 2009/13. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series.
42 Philip Martin, (2009), “Demographic and Economic Trends: Implications for International Mobility”, Human Development Research Paper 2009/17. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series.
43 Pham Thi Ngoc Trang , Tran Hoang Hieu, (2011), “Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Asian Developing Countries”, Publisher : Johan Linden
44 Paris, (2007), “Urban Population, Development and Environment Dynamics” Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography.
45 P. Parthasarathy Rao, P.S. Birthal, P.K. Joshi and D. Kar, (2004), “Agricultural Diversification in India and Role of Urbanization”, MTID Discussion Paper No. 77 Online at: http://www. ifpri.org
46 R. Raghuttama Rao and others, (2011), “Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Education and Skill Development Services Sector- Study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till 2022” A Report, National Skill Development Corporation, India, Online available at http://nsdcindia.org
47 Shareen Joshi, Rachel Nugent, and Meghan Cagley, (2009), “Population Dynamics and Economic Development: Filling the Research Gaps”, Center for Global Development and Population Reference Bureau.
48 Timothy Kiessling and others, (2005), “Strategic global human resource management research in the twenty-first century: an endorsement of the mixed-method research methodology”, Int. J. of Human Resource Management 16:1 January 2005 pp. 22–45.
49 Terry Cannon*, (2008), “Reducing People’s Vulnerability to Natural Hazards -Communities and Resilience”, UNU Winder, Word Institutes for developments economics research, Research
34
Paper No. 2008/34.
REFRANCE BOOKS
1) Ankita Gandhi et.al. , (2011), Indian Human Development Report 2011, “Toward Social Inclusion”, Published In India, By Oxford UniversityPress, New Delhi.
2) Ashish Bose ,(2002), Population of India 20013) S.yeer. meJeoerS heer.Sme. keâesUskeâj,
(2008)YeÒieesueeÛeer cetueleòJes Keb[ otmeje,
efvejeueer ØekeâeMeve, hegCes. 4) Yeejle 2011 (2011), ØekeâeMekeâ: Dehej
cenefveoxMekeâ (ØeYeejer) ØekeâeMeve, megÛevee 35
Deewj ØemeejCe ceb$eeueÙe Yeejle mejkeâej, veF& efouueer.
5) Dr. K.K.Sharma, (2004), “SANDARBA MAHARASHTRA”, State and District at a Glance., Intiluctual Book Bureao Bhopal, Vol. I, Vol. II.
6) [e@. kesâ.kesâ. Mecee&, (2005), ceneje°^jepÙe Je efpeuns Skeâ °erkeâesCe Keb[ 1 les 5 FbšsueskeäÛegDeue yegkeâ yÙegjes, YeesheeU.
7) Govt. of Maharashtra ,(2002), “Human Development Report 2002”.8) J.K. Banthia, Director of Census Operation, Maharashtra.(All editions
of) Census of India , District Census Hand Book(Sangli).9) J. Clarck. Population Geography. 10) Pradeep Sharma, (2007), “Human Geography People”, Discovery
Publishing House, New Delhi.11) P. K. Chaubey, (2001), “Population Policy of India”, Kanishka
Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi.12) Øee.DeefnjjeJe DeeefCe F.
(1995)ueeskeâmebKÙee(ÛeewLeer DeeJe=òeer 1995) 13) Ruddar Datt., (2002), “Human Development and Economic
Development”, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.14) S.D. JHA (1989), Policy Implimentation of Rular-Urban Migration
in India, Vani Prakashan, New Delhi.15) meew.keâeefveškeâj Je meew. kegâuekeâCeea.
ueeskeâmebKÙee MeeŒe,
WEBSITE REFRANCE
1. http://www.Shodhgangotri.ac.in
2. http://www.shodhgangotri.infilbent.ac.in
3. http://www.cencusindia.gov.in
4. http://www.cencusindia.net
5. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in
36
Research Scholar Research GuideProf. Devkate Dnyanoba Babaso Dr. Khotavale Subhash Shivappa.
37