Synopsis Civil

7/29/2019 Synopsis Civil

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A SYNOPSIS OF PROJECT REPORT

ON

CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL HIGHWAY

Under guidance of

SUBMITTED BY

SUBMITTED TO


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INTRODUCTION

In a National Highway-58 project, the engineer has to plan, design and construct either a

network of new roads or road link.

Once a highway is constructed, development takes along the adjoining land and subsequent

changes in alignment in geometric standards become very difficult. A badly aligned highway

is not only a source of potential traffic hazard, but also causes a considerable increase in

transportation cost and strain on the drivers and the passengers. Therefore, proper

investigation and planning are most important in a road project, keeping in view the present

day needs as well as the future development of the region


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NATIONAL HIGHWAY 58 PROJECT

DEFINITIONS

In the contract the following words and expressions shall have the meanings here by assigned

to them, except where the context otherwise requires:

(i) A BOLLARD is a short vertical post typically found where large ships docks. While

originally it only meant a post used on a quick for mooring, the word now also describes a

variety of structure to control or direct road traffic. The term may be related to bole, meaning

the lower trunk of a tree.

(ii) A BYEPASS is a road or highway that avoids or bypasses a built up area, town, or

village, to let through traffic flow without interference from local traffic, to reduce congestion

in the built up area, and to improve road safety.

If there are no strong land use controls, buildings are built a bypass, converting it into an

ordinary town road, and the bypass may eventually become as congested as the local streets it

was intended to avoid.

(iii) A CURB orKERB is the edge where a raised pavement/footpath, road median, or road

shoulder meets an unraised street or other roadway. Typically made from concrete, asphalt, or

long stones, the purpose is twofold: first as a gutter for proper drainage of the roadway, and

second for safety, to keep motorist from driving into the shoulder, median, sidewalk, or

pavement.

(iv)EMPLOYERS means the person named as suchin part II of these conditions and the

legal successors in title to such person. But not any assignee of such person.


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(V)CONTRACTOR means the person whose tender has been accepted by the employer

and the legal successors in title to such person. But not any assignee of such person.

Contract means the conditions, the specification, the drawings, the bill of quantity,the tender, the letter of acceptance; the contract agreement and such further

documents as may be expressly incorporated in Letter of Acceptance or Contract

Agreement.

Specifications means the specification of the work included in the contract and anymodification therefore or addition.

Drawings means all drawings, calculations and technical information of a likenature provided by the Engineer to the contractor under the contract and all drawings,

Calculations, Samples, Pattern, Models, Operations and maintenance, manuals and

other technical information of a like nature submitted by the contractor and approved

by the Engineer.

Bill of Quantities means the priced and completed bill of quantities forming part oftender.

Section means a part of the works specifically identified in the Contract as asection.

Site means the places provided by the Employer where the works are to beexecuted and any other places as may be specifically designated in the Contract as

forming part of the site.

The contractor shall establish working Bench marks tied with the reference BenchMark in the soon after taking possession of the site. The reference Bench Mark for the

area shall be as indicated in the contract document of the values of the same shall be

obtained by the Contractor from the Engineer. The working bench mark shall be at

rate of 4 per km and also at or near all drainage structures, over bridges and under

passes. The working Bench Mark/levels should be got approved from the Engineer.

Check must be based on this Bench Mark once every month and adjustments, if any,got agreed with the Engineer and recorded. An up-to-date record of all Bench Mark


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including approved adjustments, if any, shall be maintained by the contractor and also

a copy supplied to the Engineer for his record.

The lines and levels of formation, side slopes, drainage works, carriageways andshoulders shall be carefully set out and frequently checked, care being taken to ensure

that correct gradients and cross sections are obtained everywhere. In order to facilitate the setting out of the works, the centreline of the highway must

be accurately established by the contractor and approved by the engineer. It must then

be accurately referenced in a manner satisfactory to the engineer, every 50m intervals

in plain and rolling terrains and 20m intervals in highly terrain and in all curve point

as directed by the engineer, with marker pegs and chainage boards sets in or near the

fence line, and schedule of reference dimensions shall be prepared and supplied by the

Contractor to the Engineer. These markers shall be maintained until the works reach

finished formation levels are accepted by the Engineer.

On construction reaching the formation level stage, the centre line again be set out bythe contractor and when approved by the Engineer, shall be accurately referenced in a

manner satisfactory to the Engineer by markers pegs set at the outer limits of the

formation.

No marker pegs or markers shall be moved without the approval of the Engineer andand no earth work shall be commenced until the centre line has been referenced.

The contractor will be the sole responsible party for safeguarding all surveymonuments, bench marks, etc. The Engineer will provide the Contractor necessary for

setting out of the centre line. All dimensions and levels shown on the drawing or

mentioned in documents forming part of the or issued under the contract shall be

verified by the Contractor on the site and he shall immediately inform the engineer of

any apparent error in such dimensions. The Contractor shall in connection with the

staking out of the canter line, survey the terrain along the road and shall submit the

engineer for his approval, a profile along the road centre line and cross section at

intervals as required by the Engineer.

After obtaining approval of the engineer, work on earthwork can commence and theprofile and cross section shall from the basis for measurements and payments.

The work of setting out shall be deemed to be a part of general works preparatory tothe execution of work and no separate payments shall be made for the same..


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TEST ON SUB GRADE SOIL

(I) GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION:

Most of the method for the soil identification and classification are based on certain physical

properties of the soil. The commonly used properties for the classification are the grain size

distribution liquid limit and plasticity index. These properties have also been used in

empirical design method for flexible pavement; and in deciding the suitable of sub grad soil.

Grain size analysis also known as mechanical analysis of soil is the determination of the

percent of individual grain size present in the sample. The results of the test are of great value

in soil classification. In mechanical stabilization of soil and for designing soil aggregates

mixture the result of gradation test are used .correlation have also made between the grain

size distribution of soil and the general soil behavior as the sub grade material and theperformance such as susceptibility to frost action, pumping of rigid pavement etc.also

permeability characteristics, bearing capacity and some other properties, are approximately

estimated based on grain size distribution of the soil. The soil is generally divided into four

parts on the particle size. The fraction of the soil which is larger than 2.00 mm size is called

gravel, between 2.00 mm and 0.06 mm is sand 0.002mm silt and that is smaller than 0.002

mm size is clay. Two type of sieves are available, one type with square perforation on plate to

sieves course aggregate and gravel, the other type being mesh sieves made of woven wire

mesh to sieves finer particle such fine aggregate and soil fraction consisting of sand silt and

clay. However the sieves opening of the smallest mesh sieves commonly available is about

0.075 mm, which is commonly known as 200 mesh sieves therefore all soil particle

consisting of silt and clay which are smaller than 0.06 mm size will pass through the fine

mesh sieves with 0.075 mm opening. Therefore the grain size analysis of course fraction of

soil is carried out using sieves the principle of sedimentation in water.

The sieves analysis is a simple test consisting of sieving a measured quantity of material

through successively smaller sieves. The weight retain on each sieves. The weight retain on

each sieve is expressed as a percentage of the total sample. The sediment principle has been

used for finding the grain size distribution of fine fraction; two methods are commonly used

pipette method and the hydrometer method.

The grain size distribution of soil particle of size greater than 63 micron is determine by

sieving the soil on set of sieves of decreasing sieve opening placed one below the other and

separating out the different size ranges.

APPARATUS:

Various apparatus set of standard sieves of different sieves size, balance, and rubber covered

pestle mortar, oven, riffle, sieves shaker.

Procedure


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For the fraction retained on 2.0 mm sieves.Sufficient quantity of dry soil retained on 2.0 mm sieves is weighed out. The quantity

of sample taken may be increased when the maximum size of particle is higher. The

sample separated into various fraction by sieving through the set of sieves of size100,

63, 20, 6, 4.75, and 2 mm is sieves. After initial sieves, material retained on eachsieves carefully collected and weighed.

For fraction passing 2.0 mm sieves and retained on 0.63 mm size.The required quantity of soil sample is taken by riffling or quartering method, dried in

oven at 105 to 110 c and is subjected to dry sieves analysis using a set of sieves with

sieves opening 2.0, 0.6, 0.425, 0.15, and 0.075 mm, pan lid. The material collected on

the each sieves and on the pan are separately collected and weighed.


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OBJECTIVES

my objective for this project is to understand and study planning, construction, lab

testing and standards applied for making of Highway .


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

For this study I will study construction of national high which will include meeting with

professional engineers and getting consultancy from experience engineers

a) Secondary SourcesSecondary source will play a vital role to play in this report. A good amount data has been

collected from various published articles and reports found in magazines and journals.

Another vital source has been the Internet and particularly the companies own website.


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Scope of the Project

This Project has special significance for further development in making of highway and road

my project is confined to NH-58 only.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.I.S. specification book on highway.2.Highway material testing book by3.S.K.Khanna, C.E.G Justo.4.Organizations Laboratory.5.Organizations Engineers.

Synopsis Civil

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