Automatic

car parking indicator using

Microcontroller

BBSCET ALLAHABAD

Team Member Ajay Kumar

Baikunth Giri

Anoop Kr Mishra

Pyare Mohan Singh

Apoorva Prakash

Head Of department R.N. Singh

INDEX _____________________________

I. INTRODUCTIN

II. Description

III. Component Detail

IV. Simple IR Transmitter Circuit

V. Component list for IR transmitter

VI. AVR Microcontrollers

VII. 38-kHz IR LED Circuit

VIII. Block Diagram

IX. Project Photographs

X. APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTIN _______________________

As the technology advances there is an increasing needs for improvement in the existing technology.So as we found out there are some areas where we can provide a single unit control which will be must beneficial for providing an efficient working in the industry.

As the industry performing the manual work function so we are trying to provide a single unit control to drive the multiple application under the regulated control format so as a single person can handle many application at a time with more easy and comfortably.

With the advent of modern technology,human brain is working day by day to develop complex and more technology specific products which have multifarious applications in the different aspects of work field.

This project deals with designing of one such product which can be used multifariously in various commercial and official activities. An introduction to the project can be given as designing of an Automatic Car Parking indicator using Microcontroller.

Description _________________________

Now days in many multiplex systems there is a severe problem for car parking systems. There are many lanes for car parking, so to park a car one has to look for the all lanes. Moreover there is a lot of men labor involved for this process for which there is lot of investment.

So the need is to develop a system which indicates directly which lane is vacant. So the project objective is to develop a system to indicate the vacant lane. The project involves a system including infrared transmitter and receiver in every lane and a led display outside the car parking gate.

Conventionally, car parking systems does not have any intelligent monitoring system. Parking lots are monitored by human beings. All vehicles enter into the parking and waste time for searching for parking slot. Sometimes it creates blockage.

Condition become worse when there are multiple parking lanes and each lane have multiple parking slots. Use of automated system for car parking monitoring will reduce the human efforts. Display unit is installed on entrance of parking lot which will show LEDs for all Parking slot and for all parking lanes. Empty slot is indicated by the respective glowing LED.

Component Detail _____________________

A. Infra Red transmitters

B. Infra Red Receivers

C. AVR microcontroller

D. IR module

E. IR LEDs driven by a 555 timer IC

Simple IR Transmitter Circuit ____________ This is an IR transmitting circuit which can be used in many projects (I designed this to try to make my 3D glasses wireless). This IR transmitter sends 40 kHz (frequency can be adjusted using R2) carrier under computer control (computer can turn the IR transmission on and off). IR carriers at around 40 kHz carrier frequency are widely used in TV remote controlling and ICs for receiving these signals are quite easily available.

The circuit can be controlled using any TTL or RS-232C level control signal which makes the interfacing very simple. The circuit can be used for example for using computer to generate IR remote control signals or experimental IR data transmission.

Component list for IR transmitter ________

C1 1 nF

C2 10 nF

C3 220 nF

D1,D2 1N4148

D3 TIL31B (or other suitable IR LED)

R1 1 kohm

R2 22 kohm trimmer

R3 120 ohm

U1 NE555, LM555 or similar

AVR Microcontrollers_____________________

The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one

of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to One-Time Programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time.

Basic families

AVRs are generally classified into five broad groups:

tinyAVR — the ATtiny series

o 0.5–8 kB program memoryo 6–32-pin packageo Limited peripheral set

megaAVR — the ATmega series o 4–256 kB program memoryo 28–100-pin packageo Extended instruction set (Multiply instructions and instructions

for handling larger program memories)o Extensive peripheral set

XMEGA — the ATxmega series o 16–384 kB program memoryo 44–64–100-pin package (A4, A3, A1)o Extended performance features, such as DMA, "Event System",

and cryptography support.o Extensive peripheral set with DACs

Application specific AVR

o megaAVRs with special features not found on the other members of the AVR family, such as LCD controller, USB controller, advanced PWM, CAN etc.

FPSLIC™ (AVR with FPGA) o FPGA 5K to 40K gateso SRAM for the AVR program code, unlike all other AVRso AVR core can run at up to 50 MHz [4]

Device architecture

Flash, EEPROM, and SRAM are all integrated onto a single chip, removing the need for external memory in most applications. Some devices have a parallel external bus option to allow adding additional data memory or memory-mapped devices. Almost all devices (except the smallest TinyAVR chips) have serial interfaces, which can be used to connect larger serial EEPROMs or flash chips.

Features

Current AVRs offer a wide range of features:

Multifunction, bi-directional general purpose I/O ports with configurable, built-in pull-up resistors

Multiple internal oscillators, including RC oscillator without external parts

Internal, self-programmable instruction flash memory up to 256 kB (384 kB on XMega)

o In-system programmable using serial/parallel low-voltage proprietary interfaces or JTAG

o Optional boot code section with independent lock bits for protection

On chip debugging (OCD) support through JTAG or debugWIRE on most devices

o The JTAG signals (TMS, TDI, TDO, and TCK) are multiplexed on GPIOs. These pins can be configured to function as JTAG or GPIO depending on the setting of a fuse bit, which can be programmed via ISP or HVSP. By default, AVRs with JTAG come with the JTAG interface enabled.

o debugWIRE uses the /RESET pin as a bi-directional communication channel to access on-chip debug circuitry. It is present on devices with lower pin counts, as it only requires one pin.

Internal data EEPROM up to 4 kB Internal SRAM up to 16 kB (32 kB on XMega) External 64 kB little endian data space on certain models, including

the Mega8515 and Mega162. o The external data space is overlaid with the internal data space,

such that the full 64 kB address space does not appear on the external bus. An accesses to e.g. address 010016 will access internal RAM, not the external bus.

o In certain members of the XMEGA series, the external data space has been enhanced to support both SRAM and SDRAM. As well, the data addressing modes have been expanded to allow up to 16 MB of data memory to be directly addressed.

o AVR's generally do not support executing code from external memory. Some ASSP's using the AVR core do support external program memory.

8-Bit and 16-Bit timers o PWM output (some devices have an enhanced PWM peripheral

which includes a dead-time generator)o Input capture

Analog comparator 10 or 12-Bit A/D converters, with multiplex of up to 16 channels 12-bit D/A converters A variety of serial interfaces, including

o I²C compatible Two-Wire Interface (TWI)o Synchronous/asynchronous serial peripherals (UART/USART)

(used with RS-232, RS-485, and more)o Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI)o Universal Serial Interface (USI) for two or three-wire

synchronous data transfer Brownout detection Watchdog timer (WDT) Multiple Power-Saving Sleep Modes Lighting and motor control (PWM specific) controller models CAN controller support USB controller support

o Proper full-speed (12 Mbit/s) hardware & Hub controller with embedded AVR.

o Also freely available low-speed (1.5 Mbit/s) (HID) bitbanging software emulations

Ethernet controller support LCD controller support Low-voltage devices operating down to 1.8 V (to 0.7 V for parts with

built-in DC-DC upconverter) picoPower devices DMA controllers and "event system" peripheral communication. Fast cryptography support for AES and DES.

38-kHz IR LED Circuit__________________

Usage

The oscillator will be used to generate a square wave at a desired frequency. The wave is fed into a transistor that drives an infrared LED on and off very rapidly. Because the emissions are infrared and very fast, neither is visible to the human eye.

Inexpensive infrared receiver chips are available at 36 kHz, 38 kHz, and 40 kHz. The receivers are sensitive to oscillations several kilohertz to either side, although reception distance improves with a better signal to start with.

If used for object detection, the signal needs to travel the distance to the object, bounce off the object, and then travel the distance back to the receiver. So, distance becomes a factor.

Because infrared receivers amplify the signal to improve detection, electrical noise generated from the oscillator can leak into the receiver and trigger a false detection. This isn't a problem for VCRs or most consumer devices as they tend to contain either a transmitter (remote control) or a receiver (CD player), but not both.

Therefore, robot transmitter and receiver circuits must be carefully designed and positioned apart to be useful. Robots that chase electrical ghosts, spin in place, or jerk sporadically are initially amusing, but eventually frustrating.

The lower the power of the circuit, the more likely it will be lower in noise. Also, liberal use of decoupling capacitors and metal shielding helps a lot. Greater distance between the circuits makes an enormous difference.

Block Diagram_________________________

Project Photographs____________________

APPLICATIONS________________________

1) This project can be used for parking system in any shopping mall, multiplex.

2) Can be used for industries, commercial offices and educational institutes.