Syniverse Dictionary of Telecomunnications

Syniverse Dictionary of

Telecommunications

September 2007

Syniverse Dictionary Telecommunications

LEGAL NOTICES ACCESS, ACCESSibility, ACCESS S&E, Brience, CCNS, Crossroads, Cell-U-Rator, ChurnManager,

CloneDetector, Customer Positive File, DataFlash, DataNet, EDT, Electronic Data Transport, Encrypt-A-Key, Fleet-On-Track, FMR Plus, Follow Me Roaming Plus, FraudChallenger, FraudForce, FraudInterceptor, FraudManager, FraudX, GlobalRoam, GUIDELINES, INLink, inpack, INPort, INPosition, LATALink,

LAWBUST, Phone Me Anywhere, Phone Me Anywhere Plus, PMA, PMA Plus, RoamerXchange, SOLUTIONS Conference, S.T.A.R.S. STREAMLINER, S.T.A.R.S. STREAMLINER Terminal Access

Reporting System, STREAMLINER, TransAction Manager, Syniverse, Syniverse Datanet, Syniverse logo, Syniverse Spark design, UniRoam, Visibility and Whatever It Takes

are services, products, service marks, or trademarks of Syniverse Technologies. SmartAlert Real Time Analysis System is a registered mark of Verizon Data Services Incorporated.

SmartAlert is a mark of Verizon Data Services Incorporated. All other marks are the properties of their respective owners. As used herein, denotes registration in the United States.

Copyright 2001 - 2007 Syniverse Technologies Inc. All rights reserved under U.S. and International laws.

This material is the exclusive property of Syniverse Technologies. Any reproduction or distribution without the express prior written approval

of Syniverse Technologies is strictly prohibited.

Syniverse Dictionary of Telecommunications 1

Acronyms AC authentication center ACCESS Automated Clearinghouse Calls Exchange Settlement System ACCESS S&E ACCESS Settlement & Exchange ACD automatic call distribution ACH automatic clearinghouse ADP Application Database Platform ADS automatic database synchronization AIN Advanced Intelligent Network ALI automatic location identifier AMA automated message accounting AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System ANI automatic number identification ANSI American National Standards Institute AORS ACCESSibility Online Reporting System AP adjunct processor API Application Program Interface ARP authorized receipt point ARPU average revenue per unit ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASE Application Service Element ASM Account Status Monitor ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions ATM asynchronous transfer mode AVL automatic vehicle location BAIC Barring of All Incoming Calls BAOC Barring of All Outgoing Calls BARG Billing and Accounting Rapporteurs Group BIC-Roam Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming BID Billing Identification or Billing Identifier BOIC Barring of Outgoing International Calls BOIC-exHC Barring of Outgoing International Calls except to Home Country BTA basic trading area CA certification authority CALEA Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act CAMEL Customized Application Mobile Enhanced Logic CAP competitive access provider CAVE cellular authentication and voice encryption CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy & Telephony CCNS cellular carrier network services CCS common channel signaling CCSA common channel signaling application CDMA code division multiple access CDPD cellular digital packet data CDR call detail record CEPT Confrence Europene des Administrations des Postes et des Tlcommunications CFB call forward on busy CFNR call forward on no reply

2 Syniverse Dictionary of Telecommunications

CFU call forward unconditional CGI common gateway interface CGSA cellular geographic service area CIBER Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record CLASS Custom Local Area Signaling Services CLEC competitive local exchange carrier CLIP calling line identification presentation CLIR calling line identification restriction CLLI common language location identifier CMP call management platform CMRS commercial mobile radio service CMS Certificate Management System CNAM Calling Name Service COLP connected line identification presentation COLR connected line identification restriction COW cell site on wheels CPE consumer premise equipment or customer provided equipment CPF Customer Positive File CPN calling party number CPNI customer proprietary network information CPS certification practice statement CRIP challenge response intelligent peripheral CRL certificate revocation list CSO customer service operations CSS cellular subscriber station CSR customer service representative CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Internet Association CUG closed user group CUR Cell-U-Rator DASH Direct Access Service Hub DBA doing business as DCMS data collection management system DCS digital cellular system DDI digital data interceptor DDL Data Dictionary Language DECT digital European cordless telephone DES data encryption standard DLL dynamic link library DMH data message handler DN distinguished name DNIS dialed number information service DNS domain name service DPC destination point code DRP database replication process DSN dataset name. DSS Digital Signature Standard DTMF dual tone multi-frequency EDI Electronic Data Interchange EDT electronic data transfer EE end entity EIR equipment identity register


EMS Event Management Service EPI External Provisioning Interface ERMES European Radio Messaging System ESID extended SID ESMR enhanced specialized mobile radio ESN electronic serial number ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute exm extension module FCC Federal Communications Commission FDMA frequency division multiple access FENE far end network element FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard FSN Fraud Serial Number FSS File Specification Group FTAM File Transfer, Access, and Management FTP File Transfer Protocol FWA fixed wireless access GENDIO generic data I/O services GHz gigahertz GIF graphics interface format GLR general location register GMSC gateway mobile services switching center GMT Universal Coordinated Time (archaic, Greenwich Mean Time) GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS global positioning satellite GSM Group Speciale Mobile, Global System for Mobile Communication GSMA Global System for Mobile Communication Association GT global title GTT global title translation GUI graphical user interface GXE generic execution environment HDML handheld device markup language Hz hertz HLDL high level data link HLR home location register HPLMN home public land mobile network HTML Hypertext Markup Language HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure ICC Inter-Carrier Communications ICE InterClearinghouse Exchange ICP Inter-Carrier Communications Process ICRL indirect certificate revocation list IDEA International Data Encryption Algorithm IFAST International Forum on AMPS Standard Technology ILEC incumbent local exchange carrier IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMF International Monetary Fund IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMTA International Mobile Telecommunications Association IN intelligent network


INF industry negative file INPort Local Number Portability INS industry net settlement InterNIC Internet Network Information Center IP Internet Protocol IPDR Internet Protocol detail record IPM interprocessor message IPC interprocess communication IREC intercarrier records exchange complex IREG International Roaming Experts Group IRM international roaming mobile identification number IS41 Interim Standard 41, now renamed ANSI 41 ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISG International Signaling Gateway ISO International Standards Organization ISP Internet Service Provider ISUP Integrated Services User Part ISVM Inter-Switch Voice Mail ITA Industrial Telecommunications Association ITU International Telecommunications Union IVR interactive voice response IXC inter-exchange carrier JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group KHz kilohertz KMC key management center LAN local area network LATA Local Access Transport Area LDAP lightweight directory access protocol LDMTS Long Distance Message Telecommunications Service LEC local exchange carrier LMCC Land Mobile Communications Council LMDS Long Distance Message Telecommunications Service LIDB Line Information Database LNP local number portability LRC local record cache LRN Location Routing Number LSMS Local Service Management System LSOA Local Service Order Activation LSP Local Service Provider LTI Low-Tech Interface MABEL Major Accounts Billing Exchange Logistical record MAP Mobile Application Part MBI MIN Block Indicator MCC mobile country code MCL Mate Control Layer MD message digest MD5 message digest version 5 MDN mobile directory number ME mobile equipment MEP/TCP Multi-endpoint / TCP/IP MEP/VSP Multi-endpoint MicroLegend / Versatile Signaling Point


MEPX.25 Multi-endpoint X.25 MHz megahertz MID mobile identification digits MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension MIN mobile identification number MMI man-machine interface MMS Multimedia Messaging Service MNC mobile network code MOC mobile originated call MoU Memorandum of Understanding MOU minutes of use MPE Message Processing Engine MREDD multi-routing extensible data director MRFAC Manufacturers Radio Frequency Advisory Committee MS mobile station MSA metropolitan statistical area MSC mobile switching center MSCID mobile switching center identification MSISDN mobile station Integrated Service Digital Network number MST memory segment transfer MSU mobile station unit or message service unit MTA major trading area MTC mobile terminated call MTP Message Transfer Part MTSO mobile telephone switching office NACN North American Cellular Network NAIG North American Interest Group NAM numeric assignment module NAMPS narrowband AMPS NANP North American Numbering Plan NENA National Emergency Number Association NDA non-disclosure agreement NIML Network Interface Management Language NOI Notice of Inquiry NNSP New Network Service Provider NPA numbering plan area NPAC Number Portability Administration Center NPAC SMS Number Portability Administration Center Service Management System NPA-NXX Area code-exchange-line number NPDB Number Portability Database NSDPF Non-Signaling Data Protocol for Fraud NSP New Service Provider or Network Service Provider NNSP New Network Service Provider NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration OCC other charges and credits OC Open Connectivity OCH returns other clearinghouse returns OCOS Origination Class of Service OID object identifier OMAP Operations, Maintenance, and Administration Part OMECS Online Message Error Correction System


OMF Object Monitoring Facility OPC origination point code OSP Old Service Provider ONSP Old Network Service Provider OSP Old Service Provider OSS Operating Support System OTASP over-the-air service provisioning PAMR public access mobile radio PAR problem analysis request PAS Pooling Administration System PCA policy certification authority PCIA Personal Communications Industry Association PCN Personal Communications Networks PCS Personal Communications Services PDA personal digital assistant PDC Personal Digital Cellular PDESC process description PDF portable document format PDU Protocol Data Unit PFM Polymorphic Feature Manipulation Library PGP pretty good privacy PGS Profile Generation System PIC preferred inter-exchange carrier PIN personal identification number PING packet Internet groper PLMN public land mobile network POP point of presence POPs persons of population POTS plain old telephone service PPDX process pair directory command PPP point-to-point PQI port-in request PQO port-out request PR1 port-in response PR2 port-out response PSN packet switched network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PUK personal unblocking key RA registration authority RAID redundant array of inexpensive drives or disks RAN roamer access number RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company RCS Revision Control System RCV recent change verification RDDS Roamer Data Delivery Service RF radio frequency RSA rural statistical area RSC Remote Server Call SA site administrator SCCP Signaling Connection Control Part SCE service creation environment


SCP service control point SDR special drawing rights SERG Service Experts Rapporteurs Group SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language SIBB service independent building block SID system identification SIF signaling information field SIM subscriber identification module SIO service information octet SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol SLP Service Logic Provider SLR service location register SLS signaling link selection SM security manager SMG Service Management Gateway SMPP Short Message Peer-to-Peer SMR specialized mobile radio SMS Service Management System or Short Message Service SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SOA Service Order Administration SOP Service Order Process SP Service Provider SPC signaling point code or software publisher certificate SPID Service Provider Identifier SQL Structured Query Language SRAM static random access memory SS supplementary service SS7 Signaling System 7 SSD shared secret data SSL Secure Sockets Layer SSP service switching point S.T.A.R.S. STREAMLINER Terminal Access Reporting System STP signaling transfer point SWID switch identification SWNO switch number TACL Tandem Advanced Command Language TADIG Transferred Account Data Inter-exchange Group TAP Transferred Account Procedure or Telocator Alphanumeric Paging TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCL Tool Command Language TCOS Termination Class of Service TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TDN temporary directory number TDP Telocator Data Protocol TDR transaction data repository TDS technical data sheet or Syniverse Database Synchronization TFA transfer allow TFP transfer prohibited TFR transfer restricted TIA Telecommunications Industry Association


TLDN temporary local directory number TMan TransAction Manager System TMSI temporary mobile station identifier TN telephone number TNI telephone number inventory TPM Terminating Point Master TN telephone number TPT Transparent Protocol Translation service TRP Transaction Router Process TSI Old name (Telecommunication Services Inc.) of Syniverse Technologies, Inc. TSIAPL Syniverse Application Programming Interface TUP Telephone User Part TWG technical work group ULS Universal Licensing System UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System URL Uniform Resource Locator USTA United States Telecom Association UTC Universal Coordinated Time UVS universal validation service UWCC Universal Wireless Communications Consortium VAT value added tax VHS Virtual Home Term System VIDB Voice Information Database VLR visitor location register VOLSER volume serial number VPLMN visited Public Land Mobile Network Number (PLMN) VRU voice response unit VSN volume serial number VSP Versatile Signaling Point W3C World Wide Web Consortium W-CDMA wideband code division multiple access WAN wide area network WAP Wireless Application Protocol WCS wireless communications services Web World Wide Web WIN wireless intelligent network WLL wireless local loop WNP wireless number portability WPR Wireless Port Request WPRR Wireless Port Request Response WSMS Wireless Short Message Service XML Extensible Markup Language


Symbols *18

Code entered on a wireless telephone to alert a switch that a roamer wants to activate call forwarding.

*19 Code entered on a wireless telephone to alert a switch that a roamer wants to cancel call forwarding.

800 calling hit Incoming call placed by a criminal. Hackers use automated programs to dial thousands of 800 numbers until they find a vulnerable system.

800 Database Access Syniverse service that provides access to customer-selected 800 databases for 800 number lookups and routing information.

1.5-way paging Term coined by SkyTel Communications Inc. to refer to guaranteed message receipt or advanced messaging, features that ensure a subscriber will receive messages that were sent when the subscriber was out of range.

1.7-way paging Paging service that offers more than guaranteed messaging, but not as much as full two-way paging. Subscriber has limited response messaging but no capability to create responses.

1818 Code entered on a personal digital cellular (PDC) phone to enable call delivery or force registration. The subscriber can then use the PDC phone to place and receive calls while traveling in Japan.

3GWP 3rd Generation Working Party. A subcommittee established within the Billing and Accounting Rapporteurs Group (BARG) of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Association to define the charging principles for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).

5ESS Registered trademark name for Lucent Technologies, Inc. electronic switching system.

access fraud


A A band

Radio frequencies used by A-side carriers/operators: 824849 MHz. A links

(See access links.) A-block license

Type of license granted to a Personal Communications Services (PCS) carrier/operator in the U.S. An A-block license allows the license holder to provide PCS service in a major trading area (MTA). An A-block license holder can use 30 MHz of the spectrum. Other PCS licenses include B-block, C-block, D-block, E-block, and F-block.

A-B switch Allows a wireless phone to be programmed to select service from either an A-side or a B-side carrier/operator.

A-Key 64-bit parameter associated with a mobile station (MS) and known only to the MS and its associated authentication center (AC). The A-Key and electronic serial number (ESN) are usually programmed into the handset by the manufacturer.

A-side carrier/operator One of two types of carriers/operators designated by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) to provide wireless telephone service. A-side market licenses were originally awarded to non-wireline carriers/operators.

Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) Standard language for the description of data defined in 1988. Reference International Telecommunications Union (ITU) TX X.208. International Standards Organization (ISO) 8824.

AC (See authentication center.)

ACCESS A roamer settlement and exchange service provided by Syniverse to meet the data exchange, control, and financial settlement needs of wireless carriers/operators. Stands for Automated Clearinghouse Calls Exchange Settlement System.

access charge Flat, monthly fee charged to a subscriber for the use of a wireless system (whether or not the subscriber makes or receives any calls). Depending on the service plan (rate plan) chosen, this fee may include a number of free minutes of connect time.

access control Prevents unauthorized access to a resource.

access fee Special fee local phone companies are allowed to charge customers for the right to connect with the local phone network. Cellular subscribers contribute to access fees and pay a federal excise tax.

access fraud 1) Type of fraud that occurs when a wireless phones electronic serial number (ESN) or mobile

identification number (MIN) is manipulated to emulate a legitimate wireless subscriber. 2) Subscribing for service using false information.


access links (A links) Connect a signaling end point, such as a service control point (SCP) or service switching point (SSP), to a signal transfer point (STP). Only messages originating from or sent to a signaling end point are transmitted on an A link.

ACCESS S&E Services Roamer settlement and exchange service developed and provided by Syniverse to meet the data exchange, control, and financial settlement needs of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) operators/carriers. ACCESS is the acronym for Automated Clearinghouse Calls Exchange Settlement System, and S&E stands for Settlement and Exchange.

ACCESS server Server at Syniverse that connects with ACCESSibility servers at each member carrier/operator site and transmits daily settlement data.

ACCESSibility server Server located at each member carrier/operators site that receives and maintains settlement data from the ACCESS server.

ACCESSibility Online Reporting System (AORS) State of the art decision support system that allows ACCESS members to retrieve and select settlement data for customized reporting, graphing, and analysis.

account Customer of record with a specific wireless carrier/operator. It is the receipt point of a wireless phone bill.

account level summary Point in an account structure that summarizes the charges at or below that level.

account specific charges Charges that are specific to an account level only, which cannot be directly associated with a phone. These charges are applied directly to summary bill accounts.

Account Status Monitor (ASM) Independent turbo processes that evaluate call records, track subscriber usage, and detect indications of fraudulent activity. Each turbo process specializes in detecting a certain kind of fraud.

account structure modeling Process used to organize STREAMLINER corporate accounts in a hierarchical structure, for reporting wireless usage information.

ACD (See automatic call distribution.)

ACH (See automatic clearinghouse.)

action type (code) Code indicating a function for administering supplementary services , invoked either manually by a subscriber or automatically by the network. Action types include registration, activation, deactivation, erasure, interrogation, and invocation.

actions Recommended responses to be taken when a particular alarm or threshold event generates a case in FraudX. The responses are automatic, automatic queue, and manual.

aged messages


activation Process of setting up call forwarding after a *18 message has been acknowledged by the home and serving switches.

active case list Table of active cases of suspected fraud created by FraudX detection and analysis components. Cases are listed by the highest ranked fraud type and by confidence rating within the fraud type.

actual line range Range of numbers a carrier/operator actually uses. A license may include the range 0000-9999 but the carrier/operator may not use all the available numbers.

ad hoc reports User-customized reports based on queries of a database.

adaptive array antennas Type of advanced antenna technology that continually monitors a received signal and dynamically adapts signal patterns to optimize wireless system performance.

adjacent channel interference Signal impairment to one frequency due to the presence of another signal on a nearby frequency.

adjunct processor (AP) Computer located outside a telephone switching system that issues commands to the switch.

adjustment Charge or credit to an account due to a billing exception or error.

ADP (See Application Database Platform.)

ADS (See automatic database synchronization.)

Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) Sometimes used as a synonym for Intelligent Network (IN).

Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) The term AMPS, originated by AT&Ts Bell Laboratories, before the breakup of the Bell System in 1984, refers to its analog cellular technology. The AMPS standard has been the foundation for the industry in the United States, although it has undergone numerous modifications in recent years.

advice of charge Supplementary service that provides a subscriber with cost estimates for services.

age Refers to the age of a call record; that is, the time that elapsed since the call was completed. Roaming partners bilaterally agree on age limits. For example, Syniverse defines two age limits: a standard age limit (36 hours) and an exceptional age limit (30 days), and requires a carrier/operator to transmit records within the standard age limit.

age edit ACCESS S&E Services check to determine if a call record is older than the age limit to which roaming partners have agreed.

aged messages Messages (call records) that exceed the industry standard limit, measured from call date to date of receipt by the authorized receipt point (ARP). These messages are rejected by the settlement and exchange service provider and returned to the serve carrier/operator.


agent Entity that distributes wireless prepaid accounts associated with a particular program.

agent program Marketing program or distribution channel tailored to a specific agent.

AIN (See Advanced Intelligent Network.)

AIN call model Logical model of telephone call processing. The model contains entities such as calls and legs, and operations such as split leg, join leg, and merge call.

air charges Charges applied to the airtime used during a wireless phone call.

air interface Frequency in megahertz (MHz) and the protocol (Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), code division multiple access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) used to communicate between a mobile handset and a base station.

air rate period Airtime rate period for a call at the time that the call began. Rate periods are peak, off peak, off-off peak, generic, and other.

airtime Minutes spent talking on a wireless telephone. Most carrier/operators bill customers for the minutes of airtime used in a month for outgoing and incoming calls.

air use minutes and seconds Total billable minutes and seconds of airtime for a call.

alarm Notification sent to when an alert threshold criteria is met. The term often is used interchangeably with alert but, to avoid confusion, alarm is used to refer to the result of an alert that triggers.

alarm counts Number of times each alarm occurred within a carrier/operator-specified time; used in determining the system confidence in reporting cases of potential fraud based on system-defined rules.

alert Refers to the rules that establish a threshold criteria. The term often is used interchangeably with alarm but, to avoid confusion, alarm is used to refer to the result of an alert that triggers.

ALI (See automatic location identifier.)

alias Alternate name for someone or something. In computer systems and languages, an alias is an alternate name for a defined object that is typically shorter and more recognizable than the original name.

Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions A standards organization that fosters the identification of standards, guidelines and operating procedures, which make interoperability of telecommunications products and services possible; one of two North American telecommunications standards organizations that focus on backbone networks (http://www.atis.org/).

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)


allow unknown Option chosen by a serving carrier/operator to allow a roamer system access when a validation response is not received within a specified amount of time. More commonly known as assume positive. (See assume positive.)

Allowed, Bad (Out-of-Range) ESN Fraud identification status used in FraudManager in which an electronic serial number (ESN) was discovered to be out of range, after an earlier call was allowed.

Allowed, Negative Current, Switch Update Required Fraud identification status used in FraudManager in which a switch negative file update was in progress at the time the call was allowed.

Allowed, No Status Available Fraud identification status used in FraudManager in which there is either no general location register (GLR) status on the roamer and no response from the home switch, or the roamer is not validated positive in a predetermined amount of time, (30 days).

Allowed, Positive Current Fraud identification status used in FraudManager in which the general location register (GLR) status is positive and the authorization period has not expired or in which the roamer is positively validated by the home switch.

Allowed, Positive Expired Fraud identification status used in FraudManager in which a roamer is validated positive in a predetermined amount of time (30 days), but the authorization period has expired and no response has been received from the home switch.

Allowed, Positive Response from EDS Fraud identification status used in FraudManager that indicates the total number of registrations that are allowed by Electronic Data Services (EDS).

Allowed, Tumbling Detected, No Switch Update Requested Fraud identification status used in FraudManager in which tumbling is detected but the serving switch requests no update of the industry negative file (INF) or the switch negative file - The call is allowed. The field indicates the number of calls allowed for this reason.

AMA (See automated message accounting.)

AMA data Data consisting of a record for each wireless call placed. While call record (message) formats vary, all records include information such as the date of the call, time of the call, duration of the call, mobile identification number and electronic serial number (MIN/ESN) of the phone making the call, and phone number called. AMA data is captured at a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO), recorded on magnetic tape, and forwarded to the rating/billing vendor. The billing vendor removes home call information for customer billing and converts roamer call information to the Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record (CIBER) format for forwarding to a clearinghouse, such as ACCESS. (See also automated message accounting.)

AMPS (See Advanced Mobile Phone System.)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Non-profit, privately funded organization that coordinates the development of U.S. voluntary national standards. ANSI is the U.S. representative to non-treaty international standards-setting entities including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).


American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) Common format for text files, in which each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-digit binary number. 128 possible characters are defined.

ANI (See automatic number identification.)

analog Traditional method of modulating radio signals so they can carry information. Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are the two most common methods of analog modulation.

analytical tools ACCESSibility features available by special purchase that allow member carriers/operators to perform detailed analysis of settlement data. Analytical tools include Trending, What If, Forecasting, and Quick Answers.

ANI (See automatic number identification.)

ANSI (See American National Standards Institute.)

AORS (See ACCESSibility Online Reporting System.)

AP (See adjunct processor.)

API (See Application Program Interface.)

applet Small (usually) application program included as a portion of an Internet World Wide Web (Web) browser page.

application administrator User who is given permission to perform system administration tasks such as adding and deleting users, maintaining system tables, creating rules, approving actions, and marking fraud calls.

Application Database Platform (ADP) Platform on which Syniverses Prepaid Wireless system runs. The software environment for the application database platform (ADP) consists of a database and connectivity to the PCs.

Application Program Interface (API) Program interface between two different programs that are API-compliant. It is a set of calling conventions that define how a service is invoked through a software package.

Application Service Element (ASE) Contains the elements that are used by the Operations, Maintenance, and Administration Part (OMAP) to provide message routing verification tests and circuit validation tests.

archive Electronic storage process by which data in a database is converted to files and transferred to data cartridge tape.

area code First three digits of a telephone number which identify the area of the country in which it is used. The local calling area for wireless service may include more than one area code. (See NPA.)

authentication


ARP (See authorized receipt point.)

ARPU (See average revenue per unit.)

artificial intelligence (AI) Approach to computer software design in which an application uses programmed rules to evaluate input, thus simulating human ability to reason. In sophisticated AI programs, a system does not react the same way forever, but uses received input to learn new responses.

ASCII (See American Standard Code for Information Interchange.)

ASE (See Application Service Element.)

ASM (See Account Status Monitor.)

ASN.1 (See Abstract Syntax Notation One.)

assume negative Option a serving carrier/operator in an Interim Standard 41 (IS-41) environment can choose in order to deny a roamer system access when a validation response is not received within a specified time. (See also Deny Unknown.)

assume positive Option a serving carrier/operator in an Interim Standard 41 (IS-41) environment can choose in order to allow a roamer system access when a validation response is not received within a specified time. (See also Allow Unknown.)

assurance level Extent of verification a certification authority applies to validate the identity contained in a digital certificate, dictated by how the digital certificate is expected to be used such as in electronic commerce, online information services, or e-mail. Assurance levels include certifying the uniqueness of the name, performing trusted third-party verification, and performing in-person verification.

asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) Multiplexed (MUX) information transfer and switching method in which information is organized into fixed-length (53 octet) cells and transmitted according to each applications instantaneous need. ATM is similar to packet switching because bandwidth is allocated on demand.

ATIS (See Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions.)

auditability Ability to prove or verify that a given transaction or event occurred and that it was processed and recorded accurately for a particular functional entity.

authentication Process of verifying the identity of a wireless phone by a combination of its electronic serial number (ESN), mobile identification number (MIN), and A-Key for the purpose of providing or denying wireless service. Information is exchanged between a mobile telephone and its associated authentication center (AC) to confirm its identity. Syniverse offers comprehensive authentication services through its Encrypt-A-Key product family. (See also verification.)


authentication center (AC) Provides authentication services for a service providers subscribers who are roaming in an authentication-capable market. An AC retains the algorithms and encryption keys required to generate the authentication parameters that are used to verify user identification. Syniverses Encrypt-A-Key Network Authentication Center (NAC) provides this service for its subscribers.

authentication request (AUTHREQ) Interim Standard 41 C (IS-41.C) message that requests authentication of an authentication-capable mobile station (MS).

authorization Process of granting access rights to a resource.

authorization form Form delivered with a rented Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) phone that subscribers must sign and return, indicating they agree to the rental phone terms and conditions.

authorized receipt point (ARP) Entity designated by a home carrier/operator to receive roamer call data and perform Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record (CIBER) or Transferred Account Procedure (TAP) edits or Telecommunications Industry Association/EIA-41 (TIA/EIA-41) or Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) edits; and other custom edits for purposes of settlement and exchange with the carrier/operator's roaming partners. An entity recognized by CIBERNET as an official point of contact to accept, process, and forward roamer call data on behalf of carriers/operators.

AUTHREQ (See authentication request.)

auto-archive Electronic storage procedure, which occurs as part of a weekly manual backup routine. During auto-archive, ACCESSibility data is automatically extracted from the database, converted to files, and placed on the server disk drive.

auto-restore Automatically restoring the entry of the mobile identification number and electronic serial number (MIN/ESN) on the industry negative file (INF) , if that MIN/ESN combination has not appeared in roamer call data, industry-wide, for a predetermined amount of time, such as the past 60 days. Negative file entries with reason codes non-pay (N), fraud (F), or bandit (B) may be restored automatically. Entries with reason code special stolen or non-returned (S) can be restored manually only by the carrier/operator that made the original entry.

auto-shutdown Automatic denial of additional service to a fraudulent roamer, after the switch deny file has been updated with the fraudulent electronic serial number (ESN).

Automated Clearinghouse Calls Exchange Settlement System (See ACCESS.)

automated message accounting (AMA) Process by which call detail data is captured at a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO), recorded on magnetic tape, and forwarded to a rating or billing vendor. (See also AMA data.)

automatic actions Steps FraudX takes without operator intervention in response to defined fraud types and alarms. When defined conditions are met, the automatic action is taken immediately, bypassing user approval.

B-side carrier/operator


automatic call distribution (ACD) Process that serves as an interface to Syniverses Prepaid Wireless database for all specific queries and updates.

automatic clearinghouse Electronic funds transfer system governed by operating rules that provide for the inter-bank clearing of electronic payments for participating financial institutions.

automatic database synchronization (ADS) Used by Compaq Telecom Network Services (CTNS) for automatic database synchronization.

automatic location identifier (ALI) Working with automatic number identification (ANI), the use of a database to associate a physical location with a telephone number.

automatic number identification (ANI) Identifies a mobile device initiating a call by mobile identification number (MIN).

automatic update Feature that refreshes the display of data in an online report to show new activity since the report was last requested or refreshed.

automatic vehicle location (AVL) Combining a location-sensing device, such as a global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver, with a wireless communications link to locate a vehicle or other mobile asset, such as a trailer or heavy machinery).

autonomous registration Feature that allows a roamer whose wireless phone is turned on, to automatically register for call delivery and validation without placing a call or dialing a star (*) code. This feature requires Interim Standard 41 (IS-41) compliant switches. Also known as power up registration.

average revenue per unit (ARPU) One indicator of a wireless business operating performance. ARPU measures the average monthly revenue generated for each customer unit that a carrier/operator has in operation. Declining ARPU is generally a negative indicator that a carrier/operator is adding too many low-revenue generating customers.

AVL (See automatic vehicle location.)

B B band

Radio frequencies used by B-side carriers/operators: 869894 MHz. B links

(See bridge links.) B-block license

Type of license granted to a Personal Communications Services (PCS) carrier/operator in the U.S. The B-block license allows the license holder to provide PCS service in a major trading area (MTA). B-block license holders can use 30 MHz of the spectrum. Other PCS licenses in the U.S include A-block, C-block, D-block, E-block, and F-block.

B-side carrier/operator One of two types of carrier/operator the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) designates to provide wireless telephone service. B-side licenses are awarded to wireline carriers/operators.


backbone Part of a communications network. Generally links nodes or local networks into a diverse arrangement of communications facilities that support multiple users either inside a building, across a city, or between countries. A communications backbone, like the human backbone, provides a central support system and is typically one of the most permanent parts of a communications network.

backup Process of copying a file or files to another storage device such as a disk or tape to ensure data can be recovered if the primary copy is accidentally deleted or damaged. (See also restore.)

BAIC (See Barring of All Incoming Calls.)

bandit CIBERNET designation for a wireless call made with a mobile identification number and an electronic serial number (MIN/ ESN) that includes a MIN that is unassigned or does not match the MIN that is assigned to the ESN. The industry negative file (INF) reason code is B.

bandwidth Transmission capacity of a communication channel, or the amount of data a given piece of equipment or a particular type of cable can carry, typically measured in hertz (Hz) or bits per second (bps).

BAOC (See Barring of All Outgoing Calls.)

BARG (See Billing and Accounting Rapporteurs Group.)

Barring of All Incoming Calls (BAIC) Supplementary service that prevents incoming calls from reaching a mobile phone.

Barring of All Outgoing Calls (BAOC) Supplementary service that prevents outgoing calls from being placed from a mobile phone.

Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming (BIC-Roam) Supplementary service that prevents incoming calls from reaching a mobile phone when it is outside the subscribers home country.

Barring of Outgoing International Calls except to Home Country (BOIC-exHC) Supplementary service that prevents outgoing calls from being placed from a mobile phone to countries other than the one where the phone is currently located and the home country of the subscriber using the phone.

Barring of Outgoing International Calls (BOIC) Supplementary service that prevents outgoing calls from being placed from the mobile phone to countries other than the one where the phone is currently located.

base station Central radio transmitter or receiver that maintains communications with mobile phones within a given range, typically a cell site. (See also cell, and cell site.)

basic trading area (BTA) Small geographic area in the United States, roughly equivalent to a city and its surrounding area, that Personal Communications Services carriers/operators licensed to serve. The United States is divided into approximately 493 BTAs.

big endian


batch Group of Major Accounts Billing Exchange Logistical (MABEL) records submitted to a major accounts consolidator or a group of Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record (CIBER) formatted call records forwarded from a serve system identification (SID) to a home SID. The CIBER record group is also sometimes referred to as a pack.

batch report Report that bunches related information together, such as payroll records, for further processing or analysis. A batch report is generally the result of batch processing and, unlike interactive or real time processing, does not depend on operator intervention.

batches in transit Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record (CIBER) data exchanged between two settlement and exchange providers. The data contains call records from the current settlement cycle which have not been processed by both service providers before the close of the settlement period.

baud rate Measure of transmission speed over an analog telephone line. Baud rate, which is the number of changes per second in an analog sine wave, is different from bits per second (bps), which is the transfer rate of digital bits on a line. Advanced coding techniques permit more than one bit to be placed on a baud. A 9600 bps modem is actually a 2400 baud modem with advanced coding that impresses four bits on each baud.

Bbc service Identification of services used within a call; consists of the service type, service code, radio channel used, and transparency indicator.

bearer service code Two-character code that defines a specific bearer service.

bearer service group code Two-character code that defines a specific bearer service group (all data circuit synchronous services, all dedicated PAD access services, etc.).

bearer services Category of transmission service provided by the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) system that covers computer data services.

Bellcore Company formed at the breakup of the Bell System in order to continue the telecommunications research and development work of Bell Laboratories. It is owned, jointly, by the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) that were created when the Bell System was broken up.

bent-pipe technology Satellite technology to transmit calls from one point on Earth to a satellite and back down to another point.

BIC-Roam (See Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming.)

BID (See Billing Identification or Billing Identifier.)

big endian Describes the sequence in which multi-bytes are stored in a computers memory; the most significant byte is stored in the lowest memory address, which is the address of the data.


bilateral roaming agreement Legally binding document executed by two carriers/operators to provide service to each others roaming subscribers with provisions for rates, privileges, and special services.

bill period Time established by a service provider to use for a bill or billing report.

Billing and Accounting Rapporteurs Group (BARG) Committee established by the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Association to handle charging, tariff, billing, and accounting issues for the GSM network.

billing cycle Time period billed by a wireless carrier/operator.

billing data Output of a billing system that consists of call detail record (CDR) data that has been rated. Data input is generally an electronic feed and the most current billing data is usually for the prior billing period.

billing identification A North American Interest Group Transferred Account Procedure II (NAIG TAP II) used to identify a specific location, such as a city. A NAIG TAP II billing record includes information about the serving billing identifier (BID), where a subscriber roams, and the home BID, where the subscriber is from.

billing identifier (BID) A 15- or 16-bit value assigned to a wireless carrier in North America that identifies a portion of a service area for accounting purposes; for example, to identify markets within a system that is defined by a single SID. Commonly used as part of a market identification number that ultimately comprises the mobile switching center identification (MSCID).

billing information Output of a billing system that consists of call detail records (CDR) and feature use data that have been rated.

billing period An nn-day interval - usually 30 days - that can start on any day of the month. A carrier/operator can use up to 30 billing periods, which are assigned to different segments of its subscriber base to level processing and workload in the billing system.

billing vendor Service company that takes raw automated message accounting (AMA) data from wireless switches and processes it to produce customer bills and Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record (CIBER) data which are sent to a clearinghouse for settlement and exchange with roaming partners.

bimonthly manual archive Electronic storage process through which archived files which have been automatically and manually selected are copied from the ACCESSibility server disk drive to data cartridge tape and then automatically deleted from the archive directory.

binary file File containing codes that are not part of the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) character set. A binary file can contain any type of information that can be represented by an 8-bit byte for 256 possible values.

Business Monitor


bit stream Form that digital data takes when it flows on a link. The data is a series of electric pulses representing bits, hence a bit stream.

blacklisting Also known as restriction, blacklisting is the removal of Open Connectivity visibility by operator or country. This can be done at the operator, country, or MSISDN level.

block denial Service definition included in FraudForce that, when imposed in a service area, generates a denial response back to the visited switch, preventing any calls from being placed or received.

BOIC (See Barring of Outgoing International Calls.)

BOIC-exHC (See Barring of Outgoing International Calls except to Home Country.)

bridge links (B links) Connects a signal transfer point (STP) to another STP. Typically a quad of B links connect STPs at the same Signaling System 7 (SS7) level. For example, B links connect the STPs of one network to the STPs of another network. Because the distinction between B links and diagonal links (D links) is somewhat arbitrary, they are sometimes referred to as B/D links.

broadband Using a wide bandwidth channel to transmit voice, data, or video services.

broadband Personal Communications Services ( broadband PCS) Synonymous with PCS created in the A-through F-Block PCS auctions and used for voice and data.

broadcast system identification (broadcast SID) SID that is broadcast from a cell site to mobile stations (MSs) to identify a market when the market has only a billing identifier (BID). BIDs are never broadcast from a cell site but are used only for CIBERNET or billing purposes.

browned out Term used to refer to an area code and exchange (NPA/NXX) that has been pulled for fraud.

browser Client program, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, that uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to enable users to navigate in a World Wide Web (Web) and interact with its content, such as view pages, copy and print material, and download files).

browser certificate Digital certificate used by a browser such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. (See also certification.)

BTA (See basic trading area.)

Business Monitor Application that helps Syniverse customers monitor clearing and roaming data in a proactive manner, so you know about problems quickly and can take steps to solve them. The application enables you to quickly pinpoint affected markets, so you need not sift through a lot of data when troubleshooting.


business rules Business rules are compiled and stored for use by software that translates input. For example, in number portability, business rules are applied to messages to accomplish such things as mapping (e.g., map St. to Street) and validation (e.g., Account Number is always required).

bypassable error Failure during the file verification or record-level editing process that two roaming partners agree should not result in rejection of the file or record. Also referred to as an overridable error.

C C band

Radio frequencies designated for Personal Communications Services (PCS). C-block license

Type of license granted to a Personal Communications Services (PCS) carrier/operator in the United States. A C-block license allows the license holder to provide PCS service in a basic trading area (BTA). A C-block license holder can use 30 MHz of the spectrum. C-block licenses are reserved for smaller companies and entrepreneurs. Other PCS licenses in the United States include A-block, B-block, D-block, E-block, and F-block.

CA (See certification authority.)

CA certificate (See certification authority certificate.)

CALEA (See Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act.)

call Completed telephone connection. (See also completed call.)

call accounting systems Applications that collect records of calls but discard incomplete records or fail to collect records for all types of calls, such as misdials or interrupted calls). Thieves try to take advantage of these systems by tricking them into discarding records for valid calls, then electronically adding impulses to place fraudulent calls.

call attempt Incomplete call. Occurs when a cellular subscriber tries to place a call, but is unsuccessful for some reason, such as interference, equipment malfunction, or blocking by a fraud control system. (See also completed call.)

call barring Supplementary service preventing certain categories of outgoing or incoming calls from reaching or being placed from a mobile phone. (See also BAOC, BOIC, BOIC-exHC, and BIC-Roam.)

call blocking Action of denying a wireless phone user the ability to make calls. Usually initiated by a fraud control system and executed by the serving switch.

call charges Charges levied on a specific portion of a wireless telephone call. Examples of charges are local airtime, long distance, or roamer airtime.

call hijacker


call collection system Device that accumulates call records. A site collector serves as a data repository that reformats data based on application needs and forwards it to application systems. Syniverses call collection system for CloneDetector and FraudX is TransAction Manager.

call cluster Calls made within a predetermined time frame between the last calls disconnect time and the following calls seize time.

call control Signals that pass between switches, which are used to control a subscribers phone call. Call control makes phones ring, plays busy signals, or routes calls to voice mail, etc.

call count Number of calls made by a subscriber in a given period of time.

call delivery Feature that allows calls to be forwarded automatically to a wireless customer roaming in an Interim Standard 41 Revision A (IS-41 Rev. A) positive switch environment, without the customer having to key in a star (*) code in each new market. The markets must have autonomous registration activated.

call detail record (CDR) Contains unrated call record information that is sent directly from a wireless switch. A CDR data feed may be real-time or near real-time, depending on the switchs temporary storage capacity. A call record typically includes both feature and billing related information such as. the identity of the person originating or receiving the call; the date, time and duration of the call; the number called; and any charges billed to the call.

Call Evaluation Driver FraudX component that receives call records from the Call Input Handler, determines what type of fraud analysis each record requires, and sends them to the appropriate evaluation modules.

call forward on busy (CFB) Supplementary service that allows calls to be forwarded to another number when a mobile phone is busy.

call forward on no reply (CFNR) Supplementary service that allows calls to be forwarded to another number when the mobile phone is not answered within a user-specified period of time.

call forward unconditional (CFU) Supplementary service that allows all calls to be forwarded to another number.

call forwarding Supplementary service that allows calls to be forwarded to another number. (See also CFU, CFB, and CFNR.)

call forwarding hit Fraud related to hijacking calls. Fraud perpetrators overpower the signal of a subscriber after a call is placed, then establish a three-way call to reach their fraudulent party.

call hijacker Fraud user who takes control of the traffic channel assigned to a legitimate mobile phone by boosting the fraudulent mobile units power level above that of the legitimate users phone. (See also hijacker.)


call holding Service that allows a subscriber to put an active call on hold, so the subscriber can accept an incoming call or place a new outgoing call.

Call Input Handler FraudX component that reads call records from Transaction Manager listlogs. The Call Input Handler validates information in call records, ensures all required information is present, determines what kind of fraud testing is required, and writes the call records to listlogs that are accessed by the Call Evaluation Driver.

call management platform (CMP) Hardware and software. It typically consists of an interface switch, redundant voice response units (VRUs), and RISC-based computers.

call processing System and process that establishes connections in a switching system. The system scans trunk and station ports for service requests. For each request, the system checks stored instructions and look-up tables, and then makes the connection accordingly.

call record Electronically stored call information. Includes the mobile identification number (MIN) and electronic serial number (ESN) of the unit originating the call; date, time, and duration of the call; number called; and any charges billed to the call by the serving carrier/operator. Also called a message. (See also message and call detail record.)

call selling operations Fly-by-night operation that offers call-anywhere service for X-dollars per minute. Typically involves cloned phones and stolen long distance cards for international dialing.

call teardown Disconnecting a call in progress when fraud is determined. Some Interim Standard 41 (IS-41) switches have this capability. A call teardown is initiated by a QualDir message from FraudManager or an IS-41 home switch. (See also QualDir.)

call waiting Supplementary service that notifies a subscriber of an incoming call while the phone is in use with another call.

called number Telephone number to which a call is placed or forwarded.

caller ID Enhanced telecommunications feature that displays a callers phone number on a wireless handset.

calling behavior Typical wireless phone usage of a subscriber.

calling card toll fraud Defrauding local and long-distance carriers/operators by stealing calling cards or calling card data to obtain legitimate card numbers, which can then be used to place fraudulent calls.

calling line identification presentation (CLIP) Supplementary service that enables a called party to receive the phone number of the caller.

calling line identification restriction (CLIR) Supplementary service allowing a caller to block use of the calling line identification presentation (CLIP) service to identify the callers phone number.

casual calling fraud


Calling Name Service (CNAM Service) Syniverse service that enables a carrier/operator to display a callers name and telephone number on the subscribers handset or computer. The name is provided by Signaling System 7 (SS7) message transport to all major calling name databases and service providers in the U.S. The service uses an access link (A-link) connection to Syniverses SS7 hub.

calling number Number of the phone used to place a telephone call.

calling party number (CPN) Uses a mobile identification number (MIN) to identify the mobile unit placing a call.

CAMEL (See Customized Application Mobile Enhanced Logic.)

cap code Unique electronic identification number on the back of a pager. It is used to uniquely identify a specific paging unit.

CAPs (See competitive access providers.)

carrier Company that provides local, long distance, or wireless telephone service. (See also operator.)

carrier/operator code 1) Three-digit number assigned by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) to a carrier/operator for its Cellular Geographic Service Area (CGSA). 2) Unique five-character identification that Syniverse assigns to all ACCESS members. All carrier/operator codes begin with the letter C and end with four digits - for example, C8315.

carrier/operator returns Call records that fail the secondary edit process and are returned to the serving carrier/operators billing vendor.

cascading style sheet (CSS) World Wide Web (Web) page that defines the appearance of elements on a Web page and the order of precedence when definitions of any style element conflict. The Cascading Style Sheet, level 1 recommendation from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is implemented in the latest versions of Netscape and Microsoft Web browsers.

case Body of information resulting from call records that create enough alarms to indicate suspicious activity. A case provides detailed information about the suspicious activity. It includes an assigned fraud type and confidence level that indicates the degree of certainty that fraud occurred.

case details window Fraud Analyst Assistant application window in FraudX that shows alarm conditions, related call data, system findings, and recommended actions for cases on specific mobile identification number and electronic serial number (MIN/ESN) pairs.

case status Status of a case. For example, never opened or previously opened but in receipt of a new alarm.

casual calling fraud Long-distance thieves who penetrate the system of a user doing business with a particular inter-exchange carrier/operator (IXC) and then make a high number of calls through a different IXC, gaining illegal access to the second IXCs network through casual calling. For example, 1-0-NNN.


CAVE (See cellular authentication and voice encryption.)

CCITT (See Comit Consultatif Internationale de Tlgraphique et Tlphonique.)

CCNS (See cellular carrier network services.)

CCS (See common channel signaling.)

CCSA (See common channel signaling application.)

CDMA (See code division multiple access.)

CDMA2000 Third-generation wireless technology proposal submitted to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). It is based on the Interim Standard 95 (IS-95) or code division multiple access one (CDMAOne) standard.

CDPD (See cellular digital packet data.)

CDR (See call detail record.)

cell 1) Area covered by a base station. Mobile stations (MSs) within a cell transmit data to and receive data from that cells base station on radio frequencies that do not interfere with the frequencies used in adjacent cells. As a MS crosses cell boundaries, the call transfers to the next cells base station. 2) Service area covered by a fixed-location, low-power cellular transmitting and receiving station. Wireless technology relies on the handoff of service from one cell to another as a person using a wireless phone travels.

cell ID Identification number that describes the cell in which a call originates or terminates.

cell site Physical location of a wireless service transmitter and receiver. A single wireless switch can serve multiple cell sites consisting of a wireless antenna tower, RF equipment, and control systems.

cell site distance Physical distance between two cell sites, switches, or system identifications (SIDs).

cell site on wheels (COW) Mobile site placed at a location to fill in or increase coverage.

Cell-U-Rator Syniverse message rating system that calculates, edits, and converts (automated messaging accounting (AMA) data into rated toll and airtime billing information for wireless customer billing.

cellmate Eavesdropping cloning factory sealed in a briefcase and sold by offshore vendors through the Internet. The deluxe version contains a scanner for reading radio frequencies, and a laptop computer loaded with software that interprets cell phone numbers and saves them to a database. It may also include a tape recorder to capture conversations from a targeted wireless phone.

CEPT


celltracker Scanning device that looks like a wireless phone and is used to eavesdrop on other wireless phone conversations.

cellular Communications systems that use the radio telephone technology of limited-coverage cells with the automatic handoff of calls-in-progress between cells.

cellular authentication and voice encryption (CAVE) Algorithm used to produce a unique number, given a unique set of input variables. Because CAVE always produces the same answer, given the same input variables, it is used by associated wireless entities to verify the identity of the entity. For example, if an authentication center (AC) CAVE calculation matches the result provided by a mobile station (MS), the AC assumes the MS is a valid user and is not a clone.

Cellular Carrier Network Services (CCNS) Syniverses long distance and network services, provided at highly competitive rates, that include inbound, outbound, and infrastructure services.

cellular digital packet data (CDPD) Open standard for using existing cellular systems to transmit data, as opposed to voice. The technology breaks data files into packets and sends them along idle channels of existing wireless networks.

cellular fraud Deliberate attempt to obtain wireless phone service without paying for it.

cellular geographic service area (CGSA) Service area composed of one or more counties in which a wireless telephone company is authorized to operate.

cellular geographic service area (CGSA) index Index assigned to a particular CGSA or carrier/operator

cellular geographic service area (CGSA) number Number assigned by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) to a particular CGSA.

cellular intercarrier billing exchange record (CIBER) Industry-standard record format used to transfer roamer billing data in Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) networks; ensures smooth and consistent processing of roaming records for settlement and liability among wireless carriers/operators. The Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record (CIBER) is the AMPS counterpart to Transferred Account Procedure (TAP) in Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) networks and is primarily used in North America.

cellular subscriber station (CSS) In Interim Standard 41 (IS-41) terminology, interface equipment used to terminate a radio signal path at a user site.

Cellular Telecommunications Internet Association (CTIA) Trade association of wireless carriers/operators, including cellular, and related companies.

CEPT (See Confrence Europene des Administrations des Postes et des Tlcommunications.)


certificate chain validation Validation of digital certificates through a hierarchy of trust. Each certificate is linked to the signature certificate of the certificate-issuing entity. Certificates are validated by following the trust hierarchy to the root certification authority (CA). The path through which the certificates are validated is called the certificate chain.

certificate extensions 1) The full set of public X.509 extensions. 2) Private extensions that can be added to bind customer-specific information to the public key in a digital certificate.

Certificate Management System (CMS) A certification authority product. A mechanism for disseminating and managing validated, authenticated public-key digital certificates. Prevents imposture and fraud by someone using fraudulent public keys.

certificate policy Named set of rules that indicates applicability of a certificate to a particular community or class of application with common security requirements. For example, a given certificate policy might apply to a type of certificate for authenticating electronic data interchange transactions for trading goods within a given price range.

certificate renewal Process by which a new digital certificate is created for an existing public key.

certificate revocation list (CRL) Time-stamped list that identifies digital certificates that have been revoked before their expiration date. A CRL is signed by a certification authority (CA) and made available to the public.

certificate user Entity that needs to know, with certainty, the public key of another entity.

certification Process by which a certification authority (CA) issues a digital certificate for a users public key and returns that certificate to the users client system or posts that certificate in a repository.

certification authority (CA) Trusted third-party signer or authorizer of digital certificates. The CA vouches for the identity of the user and binds that identity to the users public key to create a digital certificate.

Certification authority (CA) certificate Certificate for one CA issued by another CA or root authority.

certification practice statement (CPS) Statement of the practices employed by a certification authority (CA) in issuing digital certificates.

CFB (See call forward on busy.)

CFNR (See call forward on no reply.)

CFU (See call forward unconditional.)

CGI (See common gateway interface.)

CGSA (See cellular geographic service area.)

CHARS


CGSA index (See cellular geographic service area index.)

CGSA number (See cellular geographic service area number.)

chaining Process of linking records that represent different services used within the same call by means of a unique identification contained in all the chained records.

challenge response intelligent peripheral (CRIP) Automated challenge/response system that interacts with callers suspected of fraud. CRIP accepts calls suspected of fraud, challenges the caller to enter a personal identification number (PIN), accepts dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) responses from the caller, and authorizes the caller for wireless phone use or routes the call to the callers home customer service representative (CSR).

channel Frequency pair used for one wireless phone call. One frequency is for transmitting and the other is for receiving.

CHARC Prefix in the roaming administration report naming scheme. The final C indicates a control report.

CHARD Prefix in the roaming administration report naming scheme. The D indicates a daily report.

charge Cost billed to a subscriber. In a call detail record (CDR), the charge field is the cost for the use of the service the record describes.

charge start date Date on which an item associated with an individual charge begins being billed. For example, the date of a phone call.

charge start time Time at which an item associated with an individual charge begins being billed. For example, the start of a phone call.

chargeable duration Duration of the use of a basic service being charged in a call detail record (CDR). For example, the length of the phone call.

chargeable service Any service for which a charge is incurred and recorded in a Transferred Account Procedure (TAP) file.

chargeable units Units in a detail record that are considered chargeable items. For example, minutes or data segments.

charged item Field indicating the element to which a charge applies. A charge may be a duration-based, event-based, volume-based, or inter-network accounting charge.

CHARM Prefix in the roaming administration report naming scheme. The M indicates a monthly report.

CHARS Prefix in the roaming administration report naming scheme. The S indicates settlement period.


churn 1) Deactivation of a mobile unit or account by an active subscriber. Industry churn describes subscribers leaving the wireless industry. Intersystem churn describes subscribers leaving one carrier/operator to activate service with another. 2) Tendency of a customer to discontinue wireless service for any reason such as the cost of service or the desire to switch to another carrier/operator.

ChurnManagerSM Syniverse solution for reducing a cellular companys customer turnover.

churn vulnerability Subscribers likelihood of canceling service. Vulnerability is associated with a mobile identification number (MIN) and is calculated using churn vulnerability factors and weights. Overall churn vulnerability is internally calculated on a per-MIN/electronic serial number (ESN)/account basis by the ChurnManagerSM system.

CIBER (See Cellular InterCarrier Billing Exchange Record.)

CIBER format error Type of error resulting from primary edits. Indicates that the Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record (CIBER) data contains errors in industry formatting standards such as out-of-range electronic serial numbers (ESNs) or a wrong data type.

CIBERNET Subsidiary of Cellular Telecommunications Internet Association (CTIA) that administers the industry standard format for the exchange of roamer billing information among carriers/operators. The formats are Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange and Major Accounts Billing Exchange Logistical records.

CLASS (See Custom Local Area Signaling Services.)

clearing Process for the exchange of roamer billing records among roaming partners. Billing records are converted from one billing format to another, validated or edited for errors, and processed for the calculation and reporting of financial positions among roaming partners by a third party entity. Other elements that are essential to inter-carrier/operator relationships and may be performed by the clearinghouse include wholesale and retail rating of records and financial net settlement (the actual exchange of funds among roaming partners).

clearinghouse Entity such as Syniverses ACCESS or ACCESS S&E, which is authorized by wireless carriers/operators to receive roamer call data for purposes of settlement and exchange with the carriers/operators roaming partners. Also known as a settlement and exchange service provider. An organization recognized by CIBERNET to be the designated point of contact to accept, process, and forward roamer call data and to generate financial settlement reports. (See also authorized receipt point.)

CLEC (See competitive local exchange carrier.)

client certificate Digital certificate issued to an individual user or workstation.

client server Technology using multiple-platform access for a software application. It usually involves a database and an operating system as the server and PCs as the clients that interact with the server.

CNAM Service


CLIP (See calling line identification presentation.)

clip-on-fraud Breaking into a telephone box to tap into a business telephone line for the purpose of selling long distance service. The service may be sold directly at the point of illegal entry or the line may be transferred to a nearby telephone booth from which service is sold.

CLIR (See calling line identification restriction.)

CLLI code (See common language location identifier code.)

clone Fraudulent mobile unit that uses the mobile identification number and electronic serial number (MIN/ESN) of a legitimate wireless phone. While the MIN/ESN is good, the user is not the person who owns the MIN/ESN. Clones are created by illegally programming a legitimate MIN/ESN into another phone. (See also complete clone, counterfeit, simple clone, and tumbling.)

CloneDetector System Advanced Syniverse system that uses knowledge-based technology to automatically alert carriers/operators to potential counterfeit (clone) fraud on an individual switch basis. (CloneDetector has been replaced by a more sophisticated application. (See FraudX.)

cloning Interception and illegal programming of a valid mobile identification number and an electronic serial number (MIN/ESN) into another wireless phone.

cloning fraud Unauthorized use of a mobile identification number (MIN), electronic serial number (ESN), and possibly personal identification number (PIN) to alter or clone another wireless telephone to mimic the original so the legitimate customer is billed for the calls instead of the thief.

closed user group (CUG) Supplementary service that allows a group of subscribers to form a group in which all members may call one another without restriction but access to and from numbers outside the CUG is restricted or denied.

cluster Link together switches of the same manufacturer and type for direct communication of validation and call delivery information.

CMP (See call management platform.)

CMRS (See commercial mobile radio service.)

CMS (See Certificate Management System.)

CNAM Service (See Calling Name Service.)


code division multiple access (CDMA) Digital technology used by wireless companies that use advanced coding enabling cellular systems to transmit data, as opposed to voice. With CDMA, each conversation is digitized and then tagged with a code. A mobile phone is instructed to decipher only a specific code to connect the correct conversation. The process is analogous to an English-speaking person picking out in a room of French speakers the only other person who can speak English. (See also digital modulation.)

collision alarm The type of alarm that occurs when wireless calls are made simultaneously from two different phones with the same mobile identification number and electronic serial number (MIN/ESN). This indicates cloning fraud.

Collocation, co-location Placement of multiple antennas at a common physical site to reduce environmental impact and speed zoning approvals and network deployment. Collocation can be affected by competitive and interference factors. Some companies act as brokers, arranging for sites and coordinating several carrier/operators antennas at a single site.

COLP (See connected line identification presentation.)

COLR (See connected line identification restriction.)

Comit Consultatif Internationale de Tlgraphique et Tlphonique (CCITT) International organization that recommends and approves standards for telematics and data services, systems, and networks. In English, it translates to the Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy & Telephony (CCITT); also known as the International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications Services Section (ITU-T).

Commercial Credit Card Validation Syniverse service that provides access to commercial credit card validation (CCCV) services through agreements with major bankcard clearinghouses for calls billed to bankcards.

commercial mobile radio service (CMRS) Federal Communication Commission (FCC) designation for any carrier/operator or licensee whose wireless network is connected to the public switched telephone network or is operated for profit.

commercial SPC (See software publisher certificate.)

common channel signaling (CCS) Form of signaling used by telecommunications service providers for call setup and features. It features a group of voice circuits that share a common channel for carrying signaling information.

common channel signaling application (CCSA) Signaling System 7 (SS7) based call processing application that uses common channel signaling (CCS).

common control Networking method that provides, on a single separate line, the control signals for setting up and controlling customers phone calls over multiple lines.

common gateway interface (CGI) Specification for communicating data between a World Wide Web (Web) server and another application.

connect time


common language location identifier (CLLI) code Unique 11-digit identifier for a switching entity such as a central office or MTSO.

common name Element of the distinguished name, as described in the X.509 specification; a users name or a servers domain name.

Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) Act that does not expand Law Enforcements fundamental statutory authority to conduct electronic surveillance, but ensures that after Law Enforcement obtains appropriate legal authority carriers will have the necessary capability and sufficient capacity to assist Law Enforcement regardless of their specific systems or services.

competitive access providers (CAPs) Companies that provide competitive local service rather than long distance service.

competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) A carrier, other than the ILEC, that provides connections to end user premises and access to a long distance network in an area where local competition has been introduced. A CLEC competes for local exchange, long distance, and Internet access services. A CLEC may build or rebuild wired or wireless local loops, or lease loops from other companies to provide selected services. CLECs include PCS providers and some utility and cable companies.

complete clone Fraudulent mobile unit that uses the electronic serial number (ESN), mobile identification number (MIN), authentication keys, call count, and other identifiers of another mobile station (MS).

completed call Call that is answered and meets the minimum chargeable duration requirements.

composite file File that consists of multiple individual Transferred Account Procedure (TAP) files and is bracketed by a composite file header and composite file trailer record. In North American Interest Groups (NAIG) TAP II, the composite file header and composite file trailer records are called the superheader and supertrailer records, respectively.

Confrence Europene des Administrations des Postes et des Tlcommunications Financial clearinghouse used by some European telephone companies for the settlement of mainly wireline charges but in some cases, also for mobile services. In English, it translates to European Conference of Posts and Telecommunications Administrations.

confidence level Numeric indicator that the FraudX system uses to rate the level of confidence that a generated alarm indicates actual fraud.

confidentiality Characteristic that indicates information is protected from being viewed while in transit or when stored in an information system. With cryptographically provided confidentiality an unauthorized person cannot intercept encrypted data without it being compromised.

connect time Time a wireless phone is in radio contact with a cell site, not to be confused with the time a conversation actually lasts. Connect time is measured from the time the phones In Use indicator lights up until the time it goes off when the End key is pressed.


connected line identification presentation (COLP) Supplementary service that allows calling parties to receive the line identity of the called party. This may differ from the dialed number; for instance, if the called party forwards the call to another number).

connected line identification restriction (COLR) Supplementary service that allows called parties to block use of the connected line identification presentation (COLP) service to identify their line.

connection-oriented services In the Service Connection Control Part (SCCP) level of the Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol, connection-oriented services create a logical connection between end-users of the signaling network before transferring information. This technique is not commonly used.

connectionless services In the Service Connection Control Part (SCCP) level of the Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol, connectionless services transfer information between end-users through normal packet switching without establishing a logical connection. This technique is widely used by applications.

consolidated invoices Ability of the STREAMLINER system to merge dissimilar invoices from numerous carriers/operators. This feature benefits corporate accounts by making charges easier to understand and verify. It also facilitates payment.

consolidated reports Ability of the STREAMLINER system to consolidate and report nearly any aspect of a corporate accounts wireless usage, organized in a way that fits the accounts business.

consolidator Carrier/operator liaison between the wireless industry and a corporate account. The consolidator is the single point of contact for the corporate account, fulfilling the account management role on behalf of itself and participating carriers/operators.

consolidator code Code assigned by Cellular Telecommunications Internet Association (CTIA) to identify the carrier/operator managing the corporate account.

consumer premise equipment (CPE) Telephones, PBXs, and other communications devices located in the home or office.

control signal Signal sent from a cell site to a wireless phone (or vice versa) that carries information needed for the cooperation of the two devices. This signal is sent on a separate channel from the voice channel.

conversion Process of converting a Transferred Account Procedure (TAP) file from one version of TAP to another. If the visited and home public land mobile networks (VPLMN and HPLMN) use different TAP versions, ACCESS S&E Services converts the file to the version used by the HPLMN as designated by Transferred Account Data Inter-exchange Group (TADIG) rules.

cookie Mechanism a server computer uses to store information on a client computer. A cookie is a data element that can contain virtually any kind of information, including the cookies name, expiration date, and the name of the server that generated the cookie.

crontab file


corporate account Major account, usually a corporation, spanning more than one wireless market and serviced by more than one carrier/operator.

corporate certificate Digital certificate issued to a corporation.

counterfeit Fraudulent mobile unit that uses the mobile identification number (MIN) and electronic serial number (ESN) of a legitimate wireless phone. (See also clone.)

country code Two-or three-digit prefix used to identify a country outside the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) when dialing a number in that country.

COW (See cellsite on wheels.)

CPE (See consumer premise equipment or customer provided equipment.)

CPF (See Customer Positive File Service.)

CPN (See calling party number.)

CPNI (See customer proprietary network information.)

CPS (See certification practice statement.)

credit In the North American Interest Group Transferred Account Procedure II (NAIG TAP II) call records, a negative value in a charge, usage charge, or tax charge field. Credits cannot be included in TAP 1 or TAP 2 call records because negative values are not allowed in those billing formats.

credit alarm Type of alarm that occurs when a subscribers calling activity exceeds the subscribers credit limit.

CRIP (See challenge response intelligent peripheral.)

CRL (See certificate revocation list.)

CRL distribution point Directory entry or other distribution source for certificate revocation lists (CRLs). A CRL distributed through a CRL d

Syniverse Dictionary of Telecomunnications

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