SYNCHROMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
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Transcript of SYNCHROMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
BEHZAD BEHDANI D E L F T U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
T R A N S P O R T & P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T
SYNCHROMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
What is discussed here
2
Intermodal freight transport
Challenges for intermodal freight transport
What is synchromodal freight transport?
Challenges in synchromodal transport
Hierarchy of decision problems in a synchromodal freight transport system
Intermodal freight transport
3
Definition by European Commission (1997) for Intermodal Freight Transport :
“the movement of goods in one loading unit, which uses successively several modes of transport without handling of the goods themselves in transshipment between the modes”.
Container
terminal
Container
terminal
Main transport
(Inland waterway or rail)
A typical intermodal freight transport system
Challenges for intermodal transport
4
Single-mode road transport is the dominant transport mode in Europe with a market share of about 80% (in terms on tonne-kms).
Advantages: flexibility (e.g., in case of disturbances), door-to-door transport solutions, competitive pricing, customer-made solutions, reliability, speed, gets more sustainable as compared to rail and IWW transport, and high accessibility
Disadvantages: congestion, negative external effects, less safe than rail and IWW transport, increasing costs due to inclusion of external costs into price of road freight transport, and less scale economies than rail and IWW transport
Source: Bart Wiegmans (2012) Intermodalism: Competition or Cooperation?
Environmental impact of road transport
5
Although heavy good vehicles only make up 3% of the European vehicle fleet and 7% of driven kilometres, they account for almost a quarter of road transport CO2 emissions, or about 6% of total EU greenhouse gas emissions (European Commission, 2013). This is expected to rise to 8% by 2020.
Lorries are also responsible for 20% of road congestion in the EU. The road congestion is even more important around port areas as it has an adverse effect on the competitive position of a port as a location for logistics businesses.
Source: European Commission (2013). Climate Action Plan
Barriers for intermodal transport
6
1. Operational problems, for example:
Train decoupling
Use of rail infra for both passenger/freight transport
Terminal opening hours
2. Organizational problems, for example:
Co-ordinations between multiple partners and timing of road haulage
3. Economical problems , for example
High transshipment cost
Source: Wichser, J. (2001). Technical and operational developments needed for a better market success of intermodal freight transport.
What is synchromodal transport?
7
Core idea:
Integration of transport volumes and modes in order to better use the capacity with fewer cost and negative effects on the environment
Possible benefits:
Increasing the flexibility in transport choices
Increase the utilization of rail and inland waterway
Optimal use of available capacity on the network
Sea Terminal
Inland Terminal
Barge
Train Truck
Integrated view
What is synchromodal transport?
8
Paul Ham (2012):
Making optimal use of all modes of transport and available capacity, at all times, as an integrated transport solution.
Lucassen & Dogger (2012):
Constantly tuning inside and between good chains, transport chains and infrastructure so that given the aggregated transport demand, and at any moment in time, the best modality can be chosen.
van Riessen (2013):
Synchromodal transport planning is intermodal transport planning with the possibility of real-time switching between the modes.
What is synchromodal transport?
9
Key aspects to synchromodal transport are:
Mode-free booking
Joint planning and coordination for a network of chains and not for individual chains
Bundling of flows and services
Flexible switching between modalities
Visibility, situational awareness and information sharing
Characteristics of synchromodal transport
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Source: Lucassen, I. & Dogger, T. (2012). Synchromodality pilot study - Identification of bottlenecks and possibilities for a network between Rotterdam, Moerdijk and Tilburg, s.l.: TNO.
Characteristics of synchromodal transport
11
Mode free booking
Dynamic planning of transportation
Switching modes of transport in real time
Decision making based on network utilization
Combining transport flows (volume)
Cooperation between actors in the transportation chain
Information availability and visibility among actors
Source: Ham, P. (2012). Synchromodality.
Challenges in synchromodal transport
12
Shippers’ involvement Mode- free booking
Shippers’
needs
identification
Shippers’
incentive
design
• What are the expectation of customers and how they may respond to synchromodal transport services?
• Which factors may impact the customers’ willingness to use the service and which potential shippers’ needs can be met by synchromodality?
• How the expected benefits of implementing a synchromodal system must be used to incentivise shippers? How gains must be shared with customers, e.g., by lower price or improved service level (flexibility)?
Performance comparison: Intermodal transport vs. road transport
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Source: INRETS (2000). IQ - Intermodal quality Final report for publication.
Challenges in synchromodal transport
14
Synchronizing multiple transport chains
Organizational
Coordination
Operational
Coordination
• How different actors in different transport chains can be coordinated? How risk/gains must be shared? How cooperation must be facilitated?
• How information must be shared between different parties?
• How can a common platform be designed to coordinate multiple transport chains with different characteristics involved? How an ICT architecture must be planned considering the inter-operability challenges for different IT platforms of different parts in the chain?
• Is it necessary to have a neutral actors to facilitate the process?
Different actors in different transport chains: inland waterways
15
Source: Van Der Horst, M.R., De Langen, P.W. (2008) “Coordination in hinterland transport chains: a major challenge for the seaport community”, Maritime Economics and Logistics 10 (1–2), 108–129
Different actors in different transport chains: rail
16
Source: Van Der Horst, M.R., De Langen, P.W. (2008) “Coordination in hinterland transport chains: a major challenge for the seaport community”, Maritime Economics and Logistics 10 (1–2), 108–129
Different actors in different transport chains: road
17
Source: Van Der Horst, M.R., De Langen, P.W. (2008) “Coordination in hinterland transport chains: a major challenge for the seaport community”, Maritime Economics and Logistics 10 (1–2), 108–129
Challenges in synchromodal transport
18
Operational challenges
Integrated
service design
Tension
between
dynamics and
quality
• How an integrated service network including multiple transport modes – with different characteristics, e.g., different infrastructure availability constraints- can be planned and operationalized in the real world?
• How can we evaluate/improve the reliability and robustness of synchromodal transport in terms of operational uncertainties (e.g., unavailability of a service or variations in the arrival/delivery times) as compared to classical intermodal transport?
• How the exceptional events (like problems in a transport service) can be handled in the real-time?
Horizontal and vertical collaboration in hinterland transport
Horizontal collaboration
Inter-modality Synchro-modality
Uni-modality Multi-
modality Ve
rti
ca
l c
oll
ab
or
ati
on
19
Synchronized System
Customer Demand/
Need
Moving Resources
Stationary Resources
20
Multiple
Transport
Chains
What must be synchronized?
Hierarchy of decision problems in a synchromodal freight transport system
21
Synchromodal
Network Design
Synchromodal
Service Pricing
Strategies
Intermodal Pricing
Strategies (Contract
Design)
Synchromodal
Service Design
Operational
Resource
Scheduling
Exceptional
Handling & Real-
time Switching
Op
er
ati
on
al
T
ac
tic
al
S
tra
teg
ic
22
Synchromodal
Service Design
Operational
Resource
Scheduling
Customer Demand/
Need
Stationary Resources
Moving Resources
Expected demand
Actual demand
Route/Frequency of service (for each mode)
Different synchromodal requirements for different decision problems
Suggested readings
23
Lucassen, I. & Dogger, T., 2012. Synchromodality pilot study - Identification of bottlenecks and possibilities for a network between Rotterdam, Moerdijk and Tilburg, s.l.: TNO.
Ham, P., 2012. Synchromodality. www. havenupdate.com/ index.php/download_file/view/1375/429/
Behdani, B., Fan, Y. Wiegmans, B. and Zuidwijk, R., Multimodal Schedule Design for Synchromodal Freight Transport Systems, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2438851
van Riessen, B., Negenborn, R. R., Dekker, R. & Lodewijks, G., 2013. Service network design for an intermodal container network with flexible due dates/times and the possibility of using subcontracted transport. Available at: http://www.synchromodaliteit.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/ 09/Preprint-Bart-van-Riessen.pdf
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