ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

BY:-jyoti ahlawat

Rituals in

• word Islam means 'submission to the will of God'.• Followers of Islam are called Muslims.• there is only One God(Allah).• God sent a number of prophets to mankind to teach them how to live

according to His law.• Wordings of prophet mohammad pagamber are inscribed in holy book

QURAN• There are Five Pillars of Islam (obligations that every Muslim must satisfy in

order to live a good and responsible life according to Islam).• The Five Pillars consist of: Sahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy. Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca

ABOUT ISLAM

• Mosque is sacred buildings used by muslims for prayer.• Word mosque is arabic for”place of prostration”or”bowing down to allah”.• Mosques always include:- -Mihrab -Minbar -Minarets -Ablution fountain minaret

portal

haram

mihrab

minbar

Qibla wall

shah

MOSQUE

Mihrab-niche in wall that faces towards Mecca.

Minrab-place from which religious leader speake to people.

Portal(Iwan)-vaulted hall or space walled on three sides,one side entirely open

Shah –courtyard surrounded by arches on all sides

Minaret-tower on side of mosque,provide vantage point from which call of prayer is made.

Kutubiyya mosque

Taj Mahal iwan

Sultan ahmed mosque

Portal(iwan) shah Ablution area Prayer hall

Manara(minaret)-notion of fire and light.Symbol of spiritual illumination

ABU DHABI MOSQUE

PORTAL-Impression of passing into another world(spiritual).

IRAN YAZ MOSQUE

SYMBOLISM IN MOSQUES

Mihrab-Recessed wall facing towards mecca.Guide faithful into place of prayer by creating sense of direction,unity,universality.

JAMA MASJID,DELHI

Arabesque shows spirituality through proportion ,harmony, unity,balance.also shows relation between cosmic and coporeal elements

WAZIR KHAN MOSQUE,LAHORE

ISHAFAN MOSQUE

Arabesque-Decorative pattern formed by using leaves,vein,geometric shapes.

• God –simple form from which every kind of composition physical,metaphorical is excluded.

• Simplicity of form and perfection and execution of design.

FAISAL MOSQUE in ISLAMABAD

exterior interior

SYMBOLISM OF BELIEFS

Interior spaces leads to spirituality i.e. created by emptiness of space.God cannot be localised to any particular space or time.

SHEIKH ZAYAD MOSQUE in ABU DHABI

SHAH MOSQUE

Intire world as place of prostration-resemblence of nature.

DOME-Show god centredness,connection between earthly and spiritual realms as bring one’s attention from ground to god’s world

SHAH MOSQUE DOME Mohammad ali mosque,cairo SHAH MOSQUE

• Symbolism is not only visible in mosques but also in residential buildings and other buildings.

• Islamic architecture also known as “architecture of veil”.

• Houses are built around courtyard,shows only a wall with no windows to outside.

• Courtyard provide a space that is outside yet within the building for womens of house

• Separate area for women as gender segregation is their in islam.

• Concentration on interior rather than exterior.

SYMBOLISM IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Interior courtyard view of typical muslim house

• Plain of assembly on day of judgement –inspiration for taj plan.

• Charbagh garden four canals show river of paradise in QURAN.

• Pool in middle shows celestial pool.

• White colour shows spirituality

• Ground floor plan eight divisions show eight level of paradise for muslims.

Symbolic approach in taj mahal

Assembly on day of judgement

plan

• green colour has a special place in Islam.• It is used in the decoration of mosques, the

bindings of Qur'ans, the silken covers for the graves of Sufi saints, and in the flags of various Muslim countries.

• green was the colour used by Muhammad’s tribe on their flags.

• According to Muslims the colour green symbolizes nature and life.

• In the Qur'an (Surah 76:21), it is said that the inhabitants of paradise will wear green garments of fine silk.

Symbolism in colour