Symbiosis Updated 2
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Transcript of Symbiosis Updated 2
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SYMBIOSIS
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Symbiosis• Close, long-term association between two ore more species• “Sym” means together• “Bio” means life• Symbiosis means “living together” • Relationships will always benefit at least one organism involved• 5 types:• Predation• Competition • Mutualism• Commensalism• Parasitism
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Predation• Relationship where one organism
captures and consumes the other.• Predator: organism doing the capturing,
organism that eats the prey• Prey: organism being captured, organism
that is eaten by the predator• Predator’s survival depends on its ability
to catch their prey• Speed, venom, web, etc.
• Prey’s survival depends on its ability to avoid being caught• Camouflage, physical & chemical defenses,
etc.
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Competition • Relationship where two or more
individuals or populations are trying to use the same limited resources.• Resources: Food, water, shelter,
space, sunlight• Example: Elks competing for food
from plants.• Elk are herbivores• There are so many plants in their
habitat• All of the elks are competing over the
same plants for food.
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Mutualism • Symbiotic relationship where both
organisms are helped or benefit.• Example: Flowers & Bees• Bees get nectar to make honey from flowers.• Bees carry pollen from flower to flower
resulting in pollination.• Bee is benefiting by getting food.• Flower is benefiting by being pollinated.
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Commensalism • Symbiotic relationship where one
organism benefits and the second organism is unaffected (neither harmed or helped).
• Example: Sharks & Remoras• Remoras attach to the sharks body and
feed on scraps of food left by sharks.• Remoras benefit by getting food.• Sharks are unaffected.
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Parasitism • Symbiotic relationship where one organism
benefits or is helped and the other organism is harmed. • Parasite: organism that benefits• Host: organism that is harmed, but not usually killed
• Example: Dogs & Fleas• Dogs have an allergic reactions to the fleas and the
fleas have a home and gets food.• Dog is harmed by being bitten and having an allergic
reaction.• Flea benefits by having a place to live and getting
food.
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Name the Relationship• The oxpecker (a bird) lives on a rhino eating all of the bugs & parasites on the rhino.• Mutualism
• A lion hunting an antelope.• Predation
• Clownfish that are protected from predators by living in a sea anemone with poisonous tentacles.• Commensalism
• Two different penguins feeding on fish.• Competition
• A tick attaches to a human, sucking blood and possibly transmitting Lyme disease.• Parasitism