Ecosystems, Food Crops, and Bioscience: A Symbiosis for the ...
Symbiosis Ecosystems Unit, May 11 th 2007. Symbiosis *Symbiosis is a close relationship between two...
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Transcript of Symbiosis Ecosystems Unit, May 11 th 2007. Symbiosis *Symbiosis is a close relationship between two...
Symbiosis
Ecosystems Unit, May 11th 2007
Symbiosis
*Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species where at least one species benefits.
*3 types of symbiosis:
1) *Commensalism:
A relationship where one organism benefits while the other is not affected.
E.g. Clown Fish and Sea Anemone
The clown fish gets: safety by living
among the anemone’s poisonous tentacles.
Food scraps left over from the anemone’s dinner.
The anemone is not affected by the clownfish.
Human video
E.g. Orchid plant and a Tree
The orchid grows high up on the tree trunk and gets:– Safety from ground
predators– Moisture and water
from rain dripping down the tree’s branches
The tree is unaffected by the orchid
2) *Mutualism:
A relationship that benefits both species.
E.g. Humans and Dogs
Humans get companionship, protection, loyalty and love
Dogs get shelter, food and love
E.g. Moray Eel and Cleaner Fish
Moray eel gets its mouth cleaned of parasites
Cleaner Fish gets a meal!
E.g. Fungus and Leaf Cutter Ants
Ants cut leaves and grow “fungus farms” on them to eat the fungus
Fungus gets the perfect environment in which to grow!
E.g. Flowers and Honey Bees
Flowers get pollinated by insects
Bees get nectar to make honey
3) *Parasitism
A relationship where one organism benefits (the parasite) while the other organism is harmed but not killed (the host).
E.g. Fleas, ticks, mites, & lice that feed off the blood of other animals
Fleas, ticks, mites and lice feed off the blood of their hosts.
The host is weakened but not killed.
E.g. Tapeworms
•Long parasitic worm with a head that attaches to the gut of its host.
•Eggs are produced in segments that fall off and are excreted in the animals’ feces.
Tapeworm Life Cycle
E.g. Elephantiasis
A rare disorder caused by parasitic worms that get into the body via mosquitoes.
Results in inflammation of the lymphatic vessels that cause extreme enlargement of the affected area (a limb or parts of the head and torso)
Common in tropical regions, especially parts of Africa.
Wuchereria Bancrofti
Guinea Worm
Bot fly Parasite
The Bot fly is a hairy looking fly that resembles a bumblebee
The larvae penetrate into the skin of the host where it matures
Bot fly continued…
The larvae form a large and painful lesion as it matures
It creates a hole in your skin to allow it to breath
Once mature, it breaks through the skin and turns into an adult fly
Other parasites
Video – zombie snails Video – ants and liver flukes Video - malaria