SYMBIOSISSYMBIOSIS

The Study Guide of DoomThe Study Guide of Doom

Symbiosis is a:Symbiosis is a: close, long-term relationship between two or close, long-term relationship between two or

more speciesmore species

Symbiosis is a:Symbiosis is a: closeclose, long-term , long-term relationshiprelationship between two or between two or

more species more species Often at least one species Often at least one species needsneeds the the

relationship in order to thriverelationship in order to thrive There are three types of symbiosisThere are three types of symbiosis

3 Types of Symbiosis3 Types of Symbiosis Commensalism – one species Commensalism – one species benefitsbenefits and and

the other is the other is unaffectedunaffected Mutualism – both species Mutualism – both species benefitbenefit Parasitism – one species Parasitism – one species benefitsbenefits and the and the

other is other is harmedharmed (the host) (the host)

Simple Table of Symbiotic Simple Table of Symbiotic RelationshipsRelationships

Commensalism

Mutualism

Parasitism

Species 1 Species 2

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+

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0

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#1 #1 Foolish

Thrush…

Brown-headed cowbirds lay their eggs in wood thrush nests. When the chicks hatch, the cowbirds are bigger and typically eat more food than the wood thrush chicks. Sometimes the cowbird chicks kick the wood thrush chicks out of the nest.

#1: Answer #1: Answer

PARASITISM

#2 #2

Hummingbirds get nectar from certain flowers and the flowers are pollinated in the process.

Rufous-tailed hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) pollinating tropical blueberry flowers

#2: Answer #2: Answer

MUTUALISM

#3 #3

Oxpecker birds sit on the back of a rhino eating annoying flies.

Shoo fly, don’t

bother me!

#3: Answer #3: Answer

MUTUALISM

We help out all sorts of African mammals in this way!!!

#4 #4

Ticks drink blood from a dog.

I vant to drink your

blood…

#4: Answer #4: Answer

PARASITISM

#5 #5

Cactus wrens build their nests in cholla cactus.

#5: Answer #5: Answer

COMMENSALISM

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The cactus is not helped or harmed.

#6 #6

Bacteria naturally live inside human intestines.

#6: Answer #6: Answer

MUTUALISM

The bacteria get food and the humans get vitamin K from the bacteria.

““Cultured” means a Cultured” means a product includes product includes “good” bacteria “good” bacteria that will help that will help your intestines your intestines (and you) stay (and you) stay healthyhealthy

#7 #7

Remoras attach to the skin of a shark.

#7: Answer #7: Answer The shark is not The shark is not affected, but affected, but the remora gets the remora gets a “free ride” a “free ride” (both (both transportation transportation and leftovers and leftovers when the shark when the shark eats)eats)

COMMENSALISM

#8 #8

Mistletoe attached to a tree takes water from the tree’s vascular system.

#8: Answer #8: Answer

Water is stolen Water is stolen from the tree by from the tree by the mistletoe; the mistletoe; the tree loses the tree loses waterwater

PARASITISM

How did stealing a kiss underneath a parasite become

a holiday tradition?

#9 #9

The Boxer Crab carries around small sea anemones.

#9: Answer #9: Answer The crab waves the The crab waves the

anemones in the anemones in the face of a potential face of a potential attacker (which attacker (which gets stung) and the gets stung) and the anemones gather anemones gather food bits from the food bits from the crab when it eatscrab when it eats

MUTUALISM

#10 #10

The Coleman shrimp takes refuge in the protective spines of a fire urchin

#10: Answer #10: Answer The Coleman The Coleman

shrimp is shrimp is protected from protected from predators by the predators by the urchin’s spines, urchin’s spines, while the urchin while the urchin is unaffectedis unaffected

COMMENSALISM

BibliographyBibliography http://fsc.fernbank.edu/Birding/birdID/cowbird.htm (slides 6&7) (slides 6&7) http://bio-ditrl.sunsite.ualberta.ca/detail/?P_MNO=6122 (slide 8) (slide 8) http://home.centurytel.net/Arkcite/hek0.htm (slide 9) (slide 9) http://www.game-reserve.com/images/wildlife/rhino/rhino_and_yellowbilled_oxpecker.jpg (slide 10) (slide 10) http://www.birds-photos.com/main/gallery.aspx?name_id=88 (slide 11) (slide 11) http://www.birdingafrica.net/img138.jpg (slide 11) (slide 11) http://entomology.unl.edu/images/ticks/ticks.htm (slide 12) (slide 12) http://images.1800petmeds.com/images/products/420/104602_420.jpg (slide 13) (slide 13) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cactus_Wren_nest_in_Teddy-bear_Cholla.jpg (slide 14) (slide 14) http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/nongame_cactus_wren.shtml (slide 15) (slide 15)

http://www.liv.ac.uk/researchintelligence/issue27/medicalfood.html (slide 16) (slide 16) http://img.shopping.com/cctool/PrdImg/images/pr/177X150/00/01/d7/0d/ed/30871021.JPG (slide 17) (slide 17) http://www.scubaduba.com/gallery/shark2.jpg (slide 18) (slide 18) http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-30821 (slide 19) (slide 19) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpg (slide 20)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpg (slide 20) http://www.wcosf.org/articles/mistletoe.shtml (slide 21)http://www.wcosf.org/articles/mistletoe.shtml (slide 21) http://www.deeperblue.net/article.php/208/13 (slide 22)http://www.deeperblue.net/article.php/208/13 (slide 22) http://www.norbertwu.com/galleries/ind-web/pictures/picture-43.jpg (slide 23)http://www.norbertwu.com/galleries/ind-web/pictures/picture-43.jpg (slide 23) http://www.underwaterphotos.com/article4.htm (slide 24)http://www.underwaterphotos.com/article4.htm (slide 24) http://www.rstours.com/assets/images/colemanshrimp.jpg (slide 25)http://www.rstours.com/assets/images/colemanshrimp.jpg (slide 25)