Sylvania Infrared Heating for Farm Brooding Brochure 1958

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ffiA68&W@trThe little package of radiant energy known as theinfrared heat lamp is fast becoming one of the farmer'sbest friends. It gives off heat that warms like sunshine- does so many jobs around the farm that it's like anextra hired hand. And it's boosting farm productionand farm profits all across the country.Farmers find the most profitable use for the infraredlamp in brooding . chicks, pigs, lambs, calves, allkinds of livestock. Here the heat lamp lowers losses ofnewborn animals, reduces the labor needed to care forthem, raises healthier stock, gets them ready formarket faster - helps earn bigger profits.Because the infrared lamp is so safe, clean and easyto handle, it finds many other uses around the farm'Providing spot heat for doing chores in outbuildings'Protecting water pipes from fteezing - or thawingthem out when frozen. Removing old paint - ordrying new paint. Heating livestock fountains andfeeders, dehydrating fruits and vegetables, warmingcar and tractor engines, and other uses inside as well asoutside the farmhouse. For outside use, a heat-resist-ant hard-glass bulb is available which helps preventbreakage when spattered by liquids.The purpose of this booklet is to show you' how Louse - and various ways you can use - the practical,useful, versatile infrared heat lamp. And like mostfarmers, you'll probably discover plenty of additionaluses for heat lamPs, too.

THE HEAT I.AMP RIVATS SUNSHINEYou can screw the infrared lamp into an ordi-nary light socket. But while it gives you somelight, nearly 90/o of its energy turns into radiantheat. This is exactly the same as the heat you getfrom the sun, which also is infrared energy. And,like sunshine, the heat lamp's infrared rays passthrough the air without losing much heat -because they don't warm the air, only the objectsthey fall on. However, the heat lamp should notbe confused with a sun lamp - for il won't giveyou a tan. But it will give you controlled heat,

24 hours a day, in any weather.This makes the infrared lamp an economicalheat source for brooding poultry and Iivestock -because it warms the animal and not the air of thebuilding. And animals respond to infrared lampbrooding in the same way as to natural sunshine -with faster healthier development.


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ITS IIGHT IS IMPORTANT, TOOThe visible light you get from a heat lamp, smallas it is, turns out to be another big advantage.Especially when heat lamps are used for brooding.Chicks for instance, grow faster because they can seeto eat and exercise longer. The infrared's visiblelight also cuts down on the amount of care andsupervision chicks require. Their behavior anddevelopment is easy to observe at all times. Sick

ones can be quickly spotted and removed before ill-ness has a chance to spread.OPERATING COST IS I.OWAn infrared lamp consumes no more electricitythan an ordinary light bulb of the same wattage.If you burn a 250-waLt infrared lamp continuouslyf.or 24 hours, it will use only 6 kilowatt-hours ofelectricity. Depending on power rates in yourlocality, it will cost you about 10c to 15c for 2L-hoaroperation. For continuous operation of a numberof lamps as in chick brooding, there are controls of

various types which can cut costs further.INFRARED HEAT 15 SAFERIf used with ordinary care, the infrared lamp isone of the safest sources of heat available. Xatu-rally heat lamps are f.ar less of a fire hazard than anytype of open-flame heating-such as the coal, wood,oil, or gas stoves widely used in chick brooding forinstance. And for odd-job use, the heat lamp makesa much safer substitute than the dangerous blow-torch sometimes used for thawing pipes or removingold paint. You need to take only simple precau-tions when using a heat lamp. It should be hungfor continuous use at least a foot away from com-bustible material-ONIY SIMPTE FIXTURES NEEDED

For most odd jobs around the farm, you,ll find itconvenient to use a simple clamp-on lamp fixture witha porcelain socket and a supported heavydutycord.But when you plan to use the lamp for longperiods, use porcelain sockets or lampholders asordinary ones may overheat. And like any electricbulb, the heat lamp should not be hung by its owncord - as this might pull electrical connection looseor damage insulation and cause a short circuit. In-stead, a chain or sturdy wire should be used tosuspend the lamp at proper height.It's also wise to provide the heat lamp withventilated metal shielding. This protects it frombeing accidentally struck or spattered with water -nd reduces the rate at which dust collects on the bulb.

TARGE-SCAIE USE REQUIRES ADEQUATE POWERSuppose you're planning to use a number of heatlamps - for brooding, for instance. If you expectto operate more than six 2b0-watt lamps at onetime, you should check with your power supplier tomake sure your transformer and wire sizes areadequate. Remember, your electrical wiring mustsupply the power you need for regular farm usage, aswell as the additional power you may require forbrooding.Be sure to avoid overloading your circuits. It'snot only a fire hazard but wastes electricity, and

lowers the energy output of your heat lamps. yourpower supplier or electrical contractor will be glad torecommend proper wiring for any additional elec-trical installation you may need for brooding.


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FOR TARGE ANE sNfiAtL FIOCKSInfrarecl chick brooding isn't new. It's beenused successfullv for -1.ears b5' farmers with sma1lflocks and stale agricul'uural col1eges. 13ut lateiy,

poultry raisers have found there's no limit io ihenr-rmber oI birds ] ou can brood with infrared heaiiamps. And chicks thrive on thc trc-:atmeni in aiiseasons ancl ali par'Ls of the country"Up r-rnti1 the la,s't fe'w ) ears, chicken raisers largei3'-luse'd woocl or r:oli1 heaters. This meanl cheap fuel -but high labor cost to tend fires and remo\re ashes'Aiso cianger from fire and fumes' Farmers looking fora better method foLrnd it in inlrareci brooding'Tests of infrared heating made by agriculturalcolleges show that its saving in trabor costs and the lowinitiai investment it requires' more than offset anyslightly higher op'crating cost" Farmers flnd theycan make fLrrther savit-rgs in feeri costs - .becauseinfrarecl-broo.led chicks generaliv gain rnore rapidly,are reacly for mat"keL faster. Also because fewerchicks are lost during thc brooding period.That's why in the hr-rge $400,000,000 chicken-raising industryn infrared is increasingiy popular lvithlarge nnd small pouitry growers. Botli flnd infraredbroocling offers the same aclvantages of increasedprociuction, gteai;er elficiency and larger proflts"

Lower instsllation cnd equipment coslLobor sndChicks crreCuts chick

msinlenonce reduced lo o minimunrst oll times - sgdg6s5 sEls

losses fronn crowding, smolhering,ccnnibolisrnEncouroges foster growlh onC feclheringReduces fire hszord cnd donger frorn fumeslnslonl conlrolled heot eosily odiusied forseosonol chonges

INFRAREE Atl.OwS eStD ROC&t BRoGD*NG . . the nearesthing lo brooding'"vith the mother hen. Chicks can eant i n# "":: i;,f:' HsiS Ti'l?'i illi: -l: J'?"Hgo o-rlt 0n 1,he range earlier.

FER.Nf,ERg LNKH $SFRARGD HIGK BR.OODINGAdoptoble ls mosl types of chicken hor.rsesAdoptoble lo broods of cnY sizeKeeps brooding orec drier, heolthierNo hovers lo occupy floor sPocePorioble brooding units eosily slored or relocoledAllows cold room brooding even in winlerQuickly regulaled for greoler chick comforl


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HOW TO IIANAGE TNFRARED CHICK BR,OODTNG....You'll find that healthy chicks, proper care anci goodconditions are just as necessarl- for successful resultswith infrared as with any other type of brooding.And as you'd expect , the same good managementon your part is needed to handle problcms of housing,ventilation, sanitation, moisture and disease.The operating suggestions on this and the foilowingtwo pages will help you raise successful broods withinfrared.

srzE oF FtocKDepending on winter, spring or summer brooding -ou can count on allowing from 60 to 100 chicks per250-watt lamp.For instance it's recommended that you use 4 iampsfor 200 chicks in severe weather - 6 lamps for 500chicks in moderate weather. However, these areaverages and you'll find it necessary to adjust them tosuit your local climate.

I.AMP PTACEMENTYou can mount the infrared lamp at an angle orpoint it straight down. At the beginning of the brood-ing period, start lamps at 18 inches above the chicks.Raise lamps approximateiy 2 inches per week untilthey reach 24 inches above chicks. Leave them thereliil end of the brooding period.

FIVE POPUTAR SYLVANIA INFRARED TATY

BROODER IAMP2so.WAtt R-40This new lamp, specificallydesigned for brooding,provides more uniformheating over a wider area.Comes in 250-watt sizeonly.

REINFORCED 3A5E25o-WATI R-4(,Scandard lamp withmedium skirted base.

For eontinued use wbereadded strength is neededand where sockets maydevelop excessive heat.RED BOWI250.WATI n-4(,

Red bowl producessame amount of heatas clear glass but reducesvisible iight. Heat-resistantglass reduces possibility ofbreakage from contactwith spattering liquidsor direct contactwith animals. Made in25O-watt size only.

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HEAT-NESISTANT GIA55375-WATT R-40Higher wat,tage bulb withreinforced base. Has samead vantages as heat-resistantglass described above. WheremuiLi-lamp applicationsof heat-resistani giassare desired, two 375-wattlamps will provide

as much heat,as three.250-watt lamps at onlyslightiy more than 24 theinvestment. Caution: useproper spacing so eachlamp covers )S more arca.

CoiltelJ U.S. Dept. of Agricultaremutn-tArp BRooDtNcuNtrs . , . a hortzontal baffle toabove the iamps is easy to construct. A baffiedralts around chicks and helps protect lamps.

At50 r25;WAIT AND 375-WalT SlztsWIIH RIINFONCED lAsE i.For use wherever wattage requirements are loweror higher than standard 250-watt size provides.

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BROODISIG.. C 'w . . .

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You'li get best resuits by using litter plentifully --up to 6 inches deep in cold climates" Deep litterincreases chick comfort by providing a warm fioor thatstays dry longer. This saves you labor bccause itdocsn't have to be changed so often. And note thatlilter in the lamp area remctirts dry.REGUTATING TEMPERATURE

Since infrare:d energy hcats the chicks but not theair - the onl)' praclical guide for regulating the hcatfrom thc iamps is the comiart of thc chicks. Thermo-stats shoulcl be set oni3r aiter carefttilr. observing chickbehavior.Where thermostats are not used, 1.'ou can raise orlower the heat b1' adjusting lamp height. If chickscluster directly beneath, lower lamps. If the:' spreadtoo much from the center, raise lamps. And listen as wellas watch, for as -vou know contented chicks chirp softly.LAMP CONTROT FOR SMATLER CHICKEN HCIUsES

Unless yor-l use three or more lamps in your broodingunits, the expense of a therrnostat is not usually justi-fied. But for three lamps or over, thermostats ar-ranged to switch off one or two lamps at a time can help-You save on electricity.An alternative is to substitute a Sylvania l2l-wattinfrared lamp for the 250-watt as less heat is needed.Depending on weather anci chick age, this may beinstailed for economy latcr on in the brooding period.

For odded sofely, hcve s quolified elee*rieion mokeyour brooding instollotion lo meet s?qndord fireregulolions.Your eleclricion should check copacily of eircui s,enlronce swilch ond olher conditions lo rnake sureyou get efficient use of eleclricity.Your inslollolion should be in occordonce with lheNnlionol Eleclricol Code os q minimurn slandordof sofely.Hove roughed-in ond finol wiring inspecled.Use odequole size feeders, service enlrqnce equip-menl ond #12 whe bronch .circuit conduclors okeep volloge losses ol o minimum.

Coartet Beacot Steel Pftd. Co, Inc,, and "Eliltrit;4 on tbeFoR. raRGE-sGALE ctilcK BRooDING . . . with automatic waterefeeders and fan ventilation infrared brooding makespossible for one man to care for at lead ,'611,000 chickswhen started at the rate of 20,000 chicks every 4 weeks,

IAMP CONTROL FOR LARGE CHICKEN HOUsEsA centrallv located voltage control s1'stem will keeppower consumption at a minimum in large commerciaichicken houses. Heat outpnt of the lamps is reduced bythermostatically reclucing voltage. And thermostatshave been developed which provide up to flve levels ofheat automatically.For help on lamp control problems in large-scalebrooding installations, refer to 1'our county agent, stateagricultural college, or power supplier.

Flexible cords shculd be he


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Farmers everywhere are putting the infraredlamp to another profitable use in brooding newbornlivestock. They find that using a heat lamp canpay for itself many times over out of the addedprofits from a single litter.The infrared lamp helps save many more pigs,lambs and calves in the critical period just after birth

-gives them a healthier faster start for market.Just as baby chicks do, newborn livestock enjoywarming themselves under the heat lamp - whichis like warming themselves in the sunshine on achilly day in some sheltered spot.The infrared lamp offers a number of benefits.Turned on before birth, its radiant heat helps toquiet the sow or ewe through the shock periodduring birth.The heat lamp provides an easy rnethod of dryingand warming the newborn animals. It improves theirliving conditions by helping to keep their bedding dryas weli as warm. And it supplies enough iight to showthem where to go.FOR PIG BROODING

Over 50'ii of newborn pig losses occur during thefirst 24 hours. Becattse pigs chiil easii;' at birth,farmers flnd additional heat at farrowing time cansave an average of Lll pigs per litter.

INFRARED BROODING EGIUIPMENTFOR LIVESTOCK

A HEAT LAi^p...makes farrowing much easier. It takesplace of inconvenient time-taking methods of drying awarming and usualiy makes any handling of the pigsbirth unnecessary.

This is important because you need an averagefive pigs per litter just to cover your costs. Usingheat iamps for cold weather brooding gives you amuch better chance to raise enough pigs for a profit.The trvo greatest Cangers to nervborn pigs arechilling and crushing from the weight of the sow.An infrared lamp in a protected corner of the penaway from the sow will give new pigs the heat theyneed. They are far iess likely to be crushed thanby crowding up to the sow to get warm.Heat lamps also encourage faster development.'Ihe young pigs can use more food for pork produc-tion, need less of it to create body heat.PIG BROODER CONSTRUCTIONIt's easy to build an open-type infrared lampbrooder for your farrowing pen. Naii together astout board partition about 4 or 5 feet wide and 30inches high. Put a metal hasp on each inside corner.Then attach the partition across a sheltered cornerof your farrowing pen. Allow a one-foot clearanceabove the floor for creep space' Or you can use simpleopen fencing like that shown in the photo above.The heat lamp should be hung behind this partitionwhere the sow cannot reach it -- about 30 inchesabove the floor.

BOWI REFIECTORfor brooding livestockit gives greater Protec-against accidental knock-splashing. Be sure thereventilation holes aroundsocket. Use supported rubbercords, porcelain sock-and wire lamp guard.

SYIVANIA INFRARED LAMPThe 125-watt, 250-walt, or 375-watt sizes can be used forbrooding livestock - dependingon weather conditions. Thestandard glass types requireshielding with a metal reflectorof the type shown. The hardglass types do not need it.


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BRooDtNG too...Not only pigs, lambs and chicks,turkeys, geese, ducklings, calves and even puppiesbeen successfully brooded under infrared heat lamps.

LITTERSome type of bedding or Iitter should always beused with a heat lamp brooder. Wheat or rye straw,short or chopped hay, ground corncobs and shreddedcorn fodder are ali suitable.

WHEN TO USE HEAT TAMPSTests show that weaker pigs chill in temperatures

of 40"F. and lower. So plan to use heat lamps whenpen temperature is around 45oF. or lower. In mildweather the 125-watt heat lamp may be sufiicient.In colder weather use the 250-watt or 375-wattsizes. If the lamp is not the hard glass type itshould be shielded with a metal reflector.PI.ACEMENT OF TAMPS

Shortly before farrowing, one or more heat lampsshould be turned on directly over the sow. Lampsshould be well out of the sow's reach when standing-at least 42 inches from the floor" The heat willtend to soothe and quiet the sow and make her lessnervous. It also dries and warms the pigs as soon asthey are born.Anywhere from 12 to 24 hours after birth, theheat lamp can be moved to the corner brooder. Bythis time the pigs have become used to the heat lampand after nursing wili return to it - remainingthere witho,"lt danger of crushing by the sow. Heatlamps should trurn for several days to prevent chill-ing, and to prevent crushing by the sow, up to severalweeks longer depending on the weather.

FoR rAt$B BnOoDtNc . . . A simple fenced-off area in thIambing pen is easy to buitd "i ".;tl;;b;..'-e"r'rr."iamp brooding of any livestock be sure tne excess coralcarefully taped up or fastened out of reach of the anima

FOR LAMB BROODINGEach year 15f6 to 3Ao/o of newborn lambs are lost,due to cold, dampness, disowning and other causes"Llsing heat lamps during their birth and for a shorttime after can help you send more lambs to market.The lamb brooder should be of open fencing. Itshould keep the ewe away from the heat lamp, butshould not separate her from the lambs as this mightcause disowning. The fencing should have an

opening 18 inches high so the lambs can easitry enterand leave the brooder. Any of the various kinds ofiitter suggested for pig brooding are suitable here.As with pig brooding, you need to shield the lampwith a metal reflector unless it is of the hard glasstype. And be sure to hang it a good 42 ta 48 inchesabove the floor, or lambs may get their wooi scorched.A lamb that is weak or chilled should be placed inthe brooder under the heat lamp until it is dry andwarm. In general, you'll find a lamb needs only onedav under the brooder.FOR CAIF BROODING

There is increasing interest in the use of heat lampsfor calf brooding. The heat lamp should be hungbehind an enclosed brooding area - but the calvesshould be able to move in and out freely. Lise a250-watt hard glass heat lamp or a standard giasslamp protected by a reflector. For best results,keep the lamp burning 24 hours daily and hang itwell out of reach of the largest calf.


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Hold lamp 2 or 3 inches away froni old paint erputiy. Oid paint quicktry blisters and scrapes olfeasily rvith a putty kni{e. A heat lamp also softensadhesive for removing oli linoleu.m and rubber tilingfrom floors.

A heat iamp quickly melts hardened oil anrl g1'sas.Useful for thinning oll in vehicles when toc rhiek iorcompression to seal. Especiaily helpfui when a kit,rrlerrsink becomes grease ciogged. Hold lieai, lairip riihi-;;2 or 3 inches of trap to rnelt greasec sFcccliij,'.

Heat lamps supply borh heat arrd. iigti cver {eeller.sand founlains in colcl rveather-lncre:iLse rgg proiiuc-tion }:y encouraging heas lo eat inore. Alsc preyentfreezing of rvatererg and iee tl ircuglts for crther' ]ir.estock,(See phoio) For warming up cars, trucl


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Sylvania Infrared Heating for Farm Brooding Brochure 1958

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Transcript of Sylvania Infrared Heating for Farm Brooding Brochure 1958