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Transcript of Sylnovie Merchant, Ph.D. MIS 281 Spring 2005 More on Web Design Internet Service Providers (ISPs)...
![Page 1: Sylnovie Merchant, Ph.D. MIS 281 Spring 2005 More on Web Design Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Implementation and Maintenance.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e6b5503460f94b69dd6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
More on Web DesignInternet Service Providers (ISPs)Implementation and Maintenance
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More on Web Design
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WHY A WEBSITE?
• Reach Customers Quickly & Reliably
• Establish a Presence in Cyberspace
• Leverage Advertising Costs
• Reduce Customer Service Cost
• Promote Public Relations
• Penetrate International Markets
• Test-market New Products & Services
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LIFE CYCLE OF SITE BUILDING
• Plan the Site
• Define Audience & Connection
• Build Site Content
• Define Site Structure
• Create Visual Design
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PLAN THE SITE
• Define the Site’s Goals– Determine Who Will Be Involved– Understand the Time & Need Constraints
• Ask Questions Deciding on Site’s Mission & Purpose for the Organization
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DEFINE AUDIENCE & COMEPETITION
• Generate a List of Intended Audience
• Identify What Prospective Customers Want
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HOW CUSTOMERS JUDGE WEBSITES
• Product Prices• Product Representation• Product Selection• Shipping & Handling• Delivery• Ordering• Privacy Policy• Web Navigation
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WEB DESIGN
• Focus on Speed & Responsiveness
• Create Scenarios & Test Cases
• Select a Set of Users for Trial
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COMPETITVE ANALYSIS
• Make a List of Competitors
• Evaluate Criteria:– Personalization– Consistency– Ease of Navigation
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BUILD SITE CONTENT
• Create Content Inventory
• Determine Priority of Each Department
• Analyze Feasibility of Each Function
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DEFINE SITE STRUCTURE
• Create Good Site Structure
• Explore Various Metaphors
• Define Architectural Blueprints
• Decide User Navigation
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VISUAL DESIGN
• Use Layout Grid– Show icons, buttons, banners, etc.
• Establish Look & Feel of Site via Page Mock-ups
• Develop Web Personalization
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WAYS TO BUILD A WEBSITE
• Storefront Building Service
• ISP (Web Hosting) Service
• Do It Yourself
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STOREFRONT BUILDING SERVICE
• Offers Customized Online Store– Provide Web Address– Manage Web Traffic– Maintain Store on Web Servers
• Drawbacks – Lack of Personalization
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ISP SERVICES
• Provide E-Commerce Software
• Offer Well-Versed In-Store building Technology
• Advantage – Good Customer Support
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DO IT YOURSELF
• Requires Experience– Security– Web Traffic Management– Responsive Support– Full-Time Web Administration
• Benefits – Unlimited Upgrades & Customization
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WEB NAVIGATION DESIGN
• Create User Profiles– Keep Human Factor as Part of the Design
• Use Scenarios– Help View Navigation Process
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DESIGN TIPS
• Keep the Site Simple• Address the Problem the Website Needs to Solve• Enhance Response Time• Raise Transmission Speed• Focus on Content• Ensure Company’s Name Visible• Emphasis on Appearance• Allow Easy Return to Homepage
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DESIGN CRITERIA
• Appearance
• Public Exposure
• Consistency
• Scalability
• Security
• Performance
• Navigation & Interactivity
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APPEARANCE
• Is the Site Aesthetically Pleasing?
• Conduct Quality Assurance– Check the readiness of a website– Examine how easy it passes under the stress of a
Web production schedule
• Use a Style Guide – Ensure consistency within the site
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CONSISTENCY
• Will the Website & Contents Appear the Same on Visitors’ Screens?
• Usage of HTML
• Provide Choice of Browser
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SECURITY
• Protect from Hackers
• Critical – Website Access
• Knowledge of Developers
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PERFORMANCE
• How Long Does It Take for the Page to Appear?
• Depend on Local Networking, Traffic Volume, Web Connection
• 45-second Timer
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NAVIGATION & INTERACTIVITY
• How a Visitor Gets from One Page to Another
• Format Icons & Buttons
• Give out Function Descriptions of Each Icon
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Website Evaluation & Usability Testing
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ANATOMY OF A SITE
• Use of Colors
• Site Evaluation Criteria
• Web Personalization
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USE OF COLORS
Color Psychological Effects
Red Power, energy, passion, danger
Blue Trust, conservative, security
Yellow Optimism, hope
White Purity, precision, innocence
Black Sophistication, mystery, elegance
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SITE EVALUATION CRITERIA• Color
• Type & Shapes of Icons
• Page Content
• Service Offered
• Primary Focus
• Ancillaries
• Site Classification
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SITE EVALUATION CRITERIA (Cont’d)
• Professionalism
• Speed
• Consistency
• Personalization
• Security
• Scalability
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WEB PERSONALIZATION
• Cookies
• Collaborative-filtering Software
• Check Boxes
• User-based Personalization
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WHAT MAKES A WEBSITE USABLE?
Sources What Users Are Seeking
Forrester Research •High-quality Content•Ease of Use•Quick to Download•Frequent Site Update
Spool’s Study •Information
Kahle’s Study •Specific Information
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USABILITY TESTING GUIDELINES• Decide on a writing style & stick to it
• Give visitors what they are looking for
• Show class
• Keep the big picture in mind for usability
• Make the site easy to navigate
• Focus on content before graphics
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USABILITY TESTING GUIDELINES (Cont’d)
• Make your text scannable
• Be careful about flashy marketing language
• Encourage visitor feedback
• Test, test & test!
Remember: Conciseness, Scanability & Objectivity
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ROLE OF WEB ADMINISTRATOR
• Database Server
• Application Server
• Web Server
• Special-purpose Servers for Security
• Internet Bandwidth
• Internet Performance Status
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
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Internet Network Architecture
Backbonee.g. High-Speed Backbone Network
operated by MCI
Network Access Points (NAPs)e.g. New York (Sprint)
Regional Networkse.g. AOL, AT&T
Regional ISPsi.e. Local Providers
User Levele.g. University / Corporate Networks
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• An organization providing an entrance ramp to Internet
• ISPs offer:– Linking consumers & businesses to Internet– Payment system for online purchases– Monitoring & maintaining a customer’s website– Network management & system integration– Backbone access services for other ISPs
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HOW ISPs WORK
• Web Site Infrastructure– Standby Electric Power– Redundant ‘Fault-Tolerant’ Servers– Redundant Communications Lines– One or More Firewalls
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TYPES OF SERVICE PROVIDERS
• Internet Service Provider
• Application Service Provider
• Business Service Provider
• Wholesale Service Provider
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TYPES OF WEB HOSTING SERVICES
• Dial-Up Access
• Developer’s Hosting
• Web Hosting
• Industrial Strength Hosting
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HOW TO BECOME AN ISP
• Contract with a regional network providing bandwidth• Procure a leased communications line to one of the
company’s routers• Procure hardware & software to manage Internet
communication• Set up dial-in lines to connect users• Maintain enough manpower to manage ISP traffic &
deal with users
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HOW TO CHOOSE AN ISP
• Bandwidth Size– E.g. High-speed T1 & T3 lines
• Connection Availability & Performance– Normal: 5 – 10MB
• Virtual Hosting
• E-mail Aliases
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HOW TO CHOOSE AN ISP
• Stability & Staying Power
• Local Access
• Customer Service & Technical Support
• Reliability
• Price
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ISP NEEDS FOR ONLINE MARKETING
• Register Domain Name
• Capture & Forward e-mail
• Host the Website
• Technical & Managerial Support
• On-the-road Support
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WHAT IS A DOMAIN NAME?
• Unique Internet address
• Domain Name System (DNS) translates between IP address & URL
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CYBER COMMANDMENTS OF WEBSITE DOMAIN NAMES
• Determine whether proposed domain name infringes any trademarks
• Determine whether proposed domain name dilutes any famous marks
• Obtain federal trademark registration of proposed domain name• Register proposed domain name with InterNIC• Get permission before linking to other websites• Watch for expanded top-level domain names & registries
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PITFALLS FOR USING ISP
• Overcharging
• Domain Name Status
• Backup
• Contractual Language
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Implementation and Maintenance
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IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
• Proper testing & readiness of website
• Reliability of technology
• Readiness of ISP to load website & handle traffic
• Security of lines & payment system
• Customer service staff training
• Readiness of fulfillment process with vendor’s warehouse
• Performance check of entire system before actual deployment
• Assignment of a Web team to monitor, maintain & upgrade the system
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PROPER TESTING & READINESS OF WEBSITE
• Response time to inquiries
• Stress testing
• Recovery testing
• Human factor testing
• Staging testing
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TEST PLAN
• Criteria for visitor testing
• Load website & prepare website procedure
• Website & system tests
• Procedure for making necessary corrections
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TEST PLAN
• Syntax Errors– Violate rules of language in which website is
written
• Logic Errors– Deviations from a range of acceptability
• Website Testing vs. Total System Testing
• Visitor Acceptance Testing
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QUALITY ASSURANCE
• Development of controls to ensure a quality website
• Emphasized in every stage of website development life cycle
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QUALITY ASSURANCE
• Correctness
• Scalability
• Maintainability
• Reliability
• Optimum Performance
• Alpha Test vs. Beta Test
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SITE PERFORMANCE ISSUES
• Merchant Server
• Applications Server
• Payment Processor
• Back-end Databases
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DISASTER PLANNING & RECOVERY• Disaster Recovery Plan
– Contingency plan for resuming operations when a problem disrupts normal operations
– Identifies potential threats, prioritizes website & other applications, and devises safeguard to minimize losses in the event of a disaster
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GOOD DISASTER RECOVERY PLANNING
• Assessing website’s vulnerabilities via risk analysis• Reducing / preventing technical & operational risks
to online environment• Developing cost-effective solutions• Ensuring alternative Internet access modes• Providing disaster recovery procedures• Training e-commerce staff in disaster recovery
methods
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RECOVERY PLANNING
• Backup– Redundancy– Mutual aid with another organization– Uninterruptible power supply
• In-house vs. Outsource
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DISASTER/RECOVERY PLAN
• Appoint a competent team of representatives (ie - Web designer, IT representatives, and customer service staff)
• Prepare planning
• Draft a disaster/recovery manual
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STAFF TRAINING
• E-learning– Web-based training– Mostly outsourced– Less pressure on IT department– Hard to monitor
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IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT
• Project Management– Estimating resource requirements– Scheduling tasks & events– Providing for training and site preparation– Selecting qualified staff & supervising their work– Monitoring project’s program– Documenting– Periodic evaluating– Contingency planning
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IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
• Performance
• Personnel
• Integrating front-end commerce site with back-end fulfillment vendors
• Maintenance & enhancements
• Post-implementation planning
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IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS
• Ensure each staff knows his/her job
• Sell all participants on importance of working together as a team
• Plan ahead on how to solve predictable problems
• Establish a specific procedure for handling routine problems
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MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES
• Check for website operational errors, links & contents
• Web designers use a syntax-checking program to catch errors before the website is fully operational
• Eliminate all dead links
• Check fax & e-mail orders
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MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES (Cont’d)
• Process invoices for items that are readily available
• Use e-mails for communications with customers, vendors, and employees
• Upgrade or redesign website
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MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS
• Make website attractive
• Minimize load times
• Text should be displayed quickly
• Verify ordering information
• Encourage customer feedback
• Maintain & upgrade technology
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MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS (Cont’d)
• Ensure a reliable invoicing system
• Ensure easy to maintain inventory system
• Monitor & evaluate server reports
• Watch disk usage
• Bandwidth consumption
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MONITORING WEBSITE TRAFFIC
• Dates & times of the hits• Visitor’s login name• Visitor’s IP address• Visitor’s host• Request• Name of the host• Cookies• Number of pageviews