Syllabus for the course Cognitive psychology...2016/06/24 · Syllabus for the course «Cognitive...

National Research University Higher School of Economics

Syllabus for the course «Cognitive psychology» for 37.03.01. «Психология», Bachelor of Science

Government of Russian Federation

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of High Professional

Education

«National Research University Higher School of Economics»

National Research University

High School of Economics

Department of Psychology

Syllabus for the course « Cognitive psychology»

(Когнитивная психология)

for 1st-year students

37.03.01. «Психология»,

Bachelor of Science

Author:

Igor S. Utochkin, Ph.D.

Approved by: Department of Psychology

Recommended by:

Moscow, 2015



1. Course Description

a. Title of a Course

“Cognitive psychology”

b. Pre-requisites

Knowledge in history of psychology

Basic knowledge in English

c. Course Type (compulsory, elective, optional)

Compulsory

d. Abstract

Cognitive psychology is a field studying the processes of acquiring, representation, storage,

transformation, and use of information, knowledge, and experience. This part of course “Cognitive

psychology” is devoted to low-level processes – sensation, perception and attention.

2. Learning objectives

The main goal of this course is to learn the basic studies in psychology of sensation, perception

and attention, the main theoretical models and the most important experimental studies in this field.

3. Learning Outcomes

Having taken this course you should:

Have a knowledge of main concepts in psychology of sensation, perception and attention

Be able to carry out a research in the selected field

Be able to choose a appropriate method for a research in the selected field

Be able to interpret the results of the study in accordance with the theoretical prerequisites in

the selected field



4. Course Plan

№ Topic Total

hours

Contact hours Independent

students work Lectures Seminars

1. The basics of sensation 16 3 3 10

2. The sensory phenomena in vision 16 3 3 10

3. Psychophysics 16 3 3 10

4. The basics of perception 16 3 3 10

5. Object and scene perception 16 3 3 10

6. Space, motion, and time perception 16 3 3 10

7. Constancy 16 3 3 10

8. The set in perception: the role of

subjective factors in image formation

16 3 3 10

9. The basics of attention 16 3 3 10

10. Selective attention 16 3 3 10

11. Sustained and divided attention 16 3 3 10

12. Executive attention 14 3 3 8

Total: 190 36 36 118

5. Reading List

a. Required

1. Гусев А.Н. Общая психология: в 7 т.: Учебник для студ. высш. уч. заведений / под

ред. Б.С. Братуся / Т. 2. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2007.

2. Дормашев Ю.Б., Романов В.Я. Психология внимания: Учебник. М.: МПСИ, 2002.

3. Фаликман М.В. Общая психология: в 7т.: Учебник для студ. высш. уч. заведений / под

ред. Б.С. Братуся / Т. 4. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2006.

4. Шиффман Х. Ощущение и восприятие. 5 издание. М., Питер, 2003.

b. Optional

1. Грегори Р. Разумный глаз. М., 1972.

2. Логвиненко А.Д. Психология восприятия. М, Издательство Московского

университета, 1987.



6. Grading system

Mid-term points:

An interview on topics 2 and 3

A test on attention (two options of English-language papers)

Option 1:

Fernandez-Duque, D. & Jonson, M.L. (2002). Cause and effect theories of attention: The role of

conceptual metaphors. Review of General Psychology, 6(2), 153–165.

and

Fernandez-Duque, D. & Jonson, M.L. (2002). Attention metaphors: How metaphors guide the

cognitive psychology of attention. Cognitive Science, 23, 83-116. (pp. 84-93).

Option 2:

Egeth, H. & Yantis, S. (1997). Visual attention: Control, representation, and time course. Annual

Review of Psychology, 48, 269-297.

The formula for the cumulative rate is as follows:

Оcum. = 0,4×Оactivity + 0,3×Оinterview + 0,3×Оtest.

The formula for the total rate is as follows:

Оtotal = 0,6×Оcum + 0,4×Оexam

The cumulative rate is not rounded! Only the total rate is rounded.

7. Guidelines for knowledge assessment

Final Exam includes test (0.4) and oral (0.6) parts. The test has adapting assessment system.

Table of Grade Accordance

Ten-point

Grading Scale

Five-point

Grading Scale

1 - very bad

2 – bad

3 – no pass

Unsatisfactory - 2 FAIL

4 – pass

5 – highly pass Satisfactory – 3

PASS

6 – good

7 – very good Good – 4

8 – almost excellent

9 – excellent

10 – perfect

Excellent – 5

8. Methods of Instruction

Lectures, seminars, group discussions

9. Special Equipment and Software Support (if required)

The course requires a laptop, projector, and acoustic systems.



10. Course content

SECTION I. SENSATION

TOPIC 1. The basics of sensation

The definition of sensation. The basic attributes of sensation. Classification of senses.

Seminar questions

1. The definition of sensation. 2. The basic attributes of sensation (Wundt, Titchener). Classifications of senses.

Reading

Obligatory:

1. Гусев А.Н. Общая психология: в 7 т.: Учебник для студ. высш. уч. заведений / под ред.

Б.С. Братуся / Т. 2. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. С. 11-12 (к вопросу 1), 15-

20 (к вопросу 2).

2. Шиффман Х. Ощущение и восприятие. 5 издание. М., Питер, 2003. С. 24-31 (к вопросу 1),

296-303 (к вопросу 2).

Additional:

1. Логвиненко А.Д. Психология восприятия. М, Издательство Московского университета,

1987. С. 3-11 (к вопросам 1, 2).

TOPIC 2. The sensory phenomena in vision

The concept of the visual field. Static and dynamic visual fields. Structural features and

constraints of the visual field associated with the structure of the visual analyzer. Eye movements.

Basic laws of achromatic (luminance) vision. Basic mechanisms of color vision. Theories of color

vision.

Seminar questions

1. The concept of the visual field. Static and dynamic fields. The visual angle. The structure of the visual analyzer and the features and constraints of the visual field depending on that structure. Space-based and object-based systems of the visual analyzer.

2. The types of eye movements and their role in providing the optimal vision. 3. Basic laws of achromatic vision. Visual acuity. Spatial and temporal summation. Critical flicker

fusion frequency (CFFF). Lateral inhibition and its role in the perception of boundaries and contour. Selective sensory adaptation and illusions of contrast (adaptation aftereffects). Visual masking.

4. Color vision and its basic mechanisms. Additive and subtractive color mixture. Principles of afterimage coloring. The trichromatic and the opponent-process theories of color vision.

Reading Obligatory:

1. Гусев А.Н. Общая психология: в 7 т.: Учебник для студ. высш. уч. заведений/ под ред. Б.С.

Братуся / Т. 2. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. С. 153-158 (к вопросу 1), 158-

168 (к вопросу 3).



2. Шиффман Х. Ощущение и восприятие. 5 издание. М., Питер, 2003. С. 92-94, 98-109, 124-

130, 152-160, 166-168 (к вопросу 1), 171-179 (к вопросу 2), 160-166, 179-185, 233-240 (к

вопросу 3), 192-206, 212-222 (к вопросу 4).

Additional:

1. Величковский Б.М. Когнитивная наука: основы психологии познания: в 2-х т. М., Смысл:

Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. Т.1. С. 187-194.

2. Гиппенрейтер Ю.Б. Движения человеческого глаза. М.: Издательство МГУ, 1978. С. 15-68

(к вопросу 2) [имеется в виде PDF-файла].

TOPIC 3. Psychophysics

The object and the aim of psychophysics. Sensory thresholds. Weber's law. Fechner's

logarithmic law. Steven‟s power law. Psychophysical signal detection theory (SDT). The problem

of subliminal (unconscious) sensory and perceptual processes. The “sub-sensory range”. Direct and

indirect methods to study unconscious perception. Priming.

Seminar questions

1. Sensory thresholds. Sensitivity. Psychophysical scaling. A scale of just noticeable differences (JND).

2. Weber’s law. Basic psychophysical Fechner’s and Steven’s laws. 3. Signal detection theory (SDT). The concepts of signal and noise. Sensory sensitivity and decision

criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC). 4. Measurement of unconscious sensations and perception. Sub-sensory range. Direct and indirect

methods to study unconscious perception. Priming.

Reading Obligatory:


Б.С. Братуся/ Т. 2. М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. С. 93-106, 132-135 (к

вопросу 1), 128-132 (к вопросу 2), 106-113 (к вопросу 3), 113-120 (к вопросу 4).

2. Шиффман Х. Ощущение и восприятие. 5 издание. М., Питер, 2003. С. 55-58, 76-77, 542 (к

вопросу 1), 77-86 (к вопросу 2), 60-73 (к вопросу 3), 73-76 (к вопросу 4).

3. Мерикл Ф., Дейнман М. Психологические исследования неосознаваемого восприятия

[неопубл. перевод: Merikle, P, Daneman, M. (1998) Psychological investigations of

unconscious perception. Journal of Conscious Studies, 5 (1), 5-18] (к вопросу 4) [имеется в

виде PDF-файла].

Additional:

1. Гусев А.Н., Измайлов Ч.А., Михалевская М.Б. Измерение в психологии. 3 издание. М.:

УМК «Психология», 2003. С. 25-64, 78-99, 160-163, 178-204 (к вопросам 1-3).

2. Гусев А.Н., Уточкин И.С. Психологические измерения. Теория. Методы. М. Аспект-

Пресс, 2011. С. 278-292 (к вопросу 4) [имеется в виде PDF-файла].

3. Фаликман М.В., Койфман А.Я. Виды прайминга в исследованиях восприятия и

перцептивного внимания // Вестник МГУ. Серия 14. Психология. 2005. №3. С. 86-97. №4.

81-90 (к вопросу 4) [имеется в виде html-файла].



SECTION II. PERCEPTION

TOPIC 4. The basics of perception

The basic properties of perceptual images. Different views on the stimulus: proximal and

distal stimuli. The dual nature of perceptual image. Types of visual phenomena. The specificity of

the perceptual image among other types of images.

Seminar questions

1. The definition of perception 2. Perceptual phenomena and the basic properties of perceptual image. 3. The dual nature of perceptual images: sensory basement and subject content. Distal and

proximal stimuli. Bottom-up and top-down streams of perception. 4. Types of visual phenomena. The specificity of the perceptual images among other types of

images

Reading

Obligatory:



31 (к вопросу 2), 38-41, 42-46 (к вопросу 3), 31-38 (к вопросу 4).

2. Шиффман Х. Ощущение и восприятие. 5 издание. М., Питер, 2003. С. 24-31 (к вопросу

1), 270-274, 287-289 (к вопросу 2).

Additional:

1. Грегори Р. Разумный глаз. М., 1972. С.180 -193 (к вопросам 2, 4).

2. Логвиненко А.Д. Психология восприятия. М, Издательство Московского университета,

1987. С. 3-11 (к вопросам 1, 2), с. 14-16 (к вопросу 3).

TOPIC 5. Object and scene perception

The problem of sensation-based object perception. The structuralistic approach to

perception. Summation and association mechanisms in object perception. Gestalt approach to

perception. The idea of perceptual forces. The laws of perceptual organization. The principle of

isomorphism.

Mechanisms of complex images and scenes perception. Landscapes, complex objects,

multiple objects. The concept of “spatial envelope”. Representation of ensembles.

The ecological approach to visual perception of objects and scenes. Concepts of perceptual

invariants of the optical structure.

Seminar questions

1. A problem of sensation-based perceptual image formation. The structuralistic approach to perception (Titchener). The elements of perceptual image. Summation and association principles.

2. The problem of integral perception. Gestalt approach to perception. The idea of perceptual forces. The laws of perceptual organization. The law of Pragnanz. The principle of tri-dimensional isomorphism.



3. Complex images and scenes perception. “Fundamentals” of the scene perception. The concept of “spatial envelope” (shell) and the main features of the landscape. Representation of ensembles.

4. Ecological approach to visual perception of objects and scenes (Gibson). Concepts of perceptual invariants of optical structure.

Reading Obligatory:

1. Гусев А.Н. Общая психология: в 7т.: Учебник для студ. высш. уч. заведений / под ред. Б.С.

Братуся / Т. 2. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. С. 43-49 (к вопросу 1), 49-57 (к

вопросу 2), 57-66 (к вопросу 4).

2. Шиффман Х. Ощущение и восприятие. 5 издание. М., Питер, 2003. С. 31-51 (к вопросам

1-3), 276-287 (к вопросу 2), 33-51 (к вопросу 4).

3. Уточкин И.С. Мгновенное восприятие сцен и множественных объектов // Когнитивная

психология: Феномены и проблемы // Под ред. В.Ф. Спиридонова. М.: URSS, 2014. С. 70-

85. (к вопросу 4) [имеется в виде PDF-файла].

Additional:

1. Барабанщиков В.А. Психология восприятия: организация и развитие перцептивного

процесса. М., Когито-Центр, Высшая школа психологии. 2006. С. 25-37; 55-90.


Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. Т.1, с. 280-298.

TOPIC 6. Space, motion, and time perception

The problem of 3D perception. Distance and depth cues, mechanisms of stereoscopic vision.

Motion perception, cues of real motion perception. Systems of real motion perception: image-retina

and eye-head. Afferent and efferent theories of visual world stability. Motion illusions. Time

perception theories: the biological clock and cognitive timer.

Seminar questions

1. The problem of 3D perception. Distance and depth cues: oculomotor, monocular (pictorial), binocular, transformational. Motion parallax. Stereoscopic vision mechanisms: corresponding and disparate retina points, horopter. Stereoscope, stereograms.

2. Motion perception. Real motion perception cues. Two systems of real motion perception: image-retina and eye-head. Theories of visual world stability. Motion illusions: autokinetic, stroboscope and induced motion, waterfall effect (motion aftereffect).

3. Time perception. Theories of time perception.

Reading Obligatory:

1. Гусев А.Н. Общая психология: в 7 т.: Учебник для студ. высш. уч. заведений/ под ред. Б.С.

Братуся / Т. 2. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. С. 188-206 (к вопросу 1); 208-

237 (к вопросу 2), 237-248 (к вопросу 3).


1), 307-340 (к вопросу 2), 772-789 (к вопросу 3).

Additional:

1. Грегори Р. Глаз и мозг. М., 1970. С.101-130 (к вопросу 2).



2. Логвиненко А.Д. Зрительное восприятие пространства. М., 1981. С.151-153, 97-177 (к

вопросам 1-2).

3. Рок И. Введение в зрительное восприятие. М., 1980. Т.1. С.98-144, 207-248, 267-307 (к

вопросам 1-2), т.2., .5-39 (к вопросу 1).


1).


Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. Т.1, с. 165-194.

TOPIC 7. Constancy

Definitions and kinds of perceptual constancy. Perceptual constancy measurement. The

constancy coefficient. The core-and-context theory of constancy. The theory of perceptual

equations. Perceptual illusions related to constancy.

Seminar questions

1. The definition of perceptual constancy, it’s general kinds. Perceptual constancy measurement. The constancy coefficient.

2. The core-and- context theory of constancy. Hallway & Boring’s experiment. 3. The theory of perceptual equations. Perceptual illusions explained by constancy theories. Ames

room demonstration. Emmert’s law and constancy. The moon illusion.

Reading Obligatory:


Б.С. Братуся / Т. 2. М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. С. 250-263 (к вопросу 1),

263-271, 272-278 (к вопросу 2), 271-272 (к вопросу 3).


1), 400-417 (к вопросу 2).

Additional:

1. Рок И. Введение в зрительное восприятие. М., 1980. Т.1. С.45-80. Т.2. С.220-247, 256-262

(к вопросу 1).


1).

TOPIC 8. The set in perception: the role of subjective factors in image formation

The role of past experience in perception. The theory of unconscious inference (H.

Helmholtz, R. Gregory). The role of surrounding context and motivation in perception.

Categorization theory (J. Bruner). The concept of perceptual readiness. The concept of cognitive

scheme. Sociocultural determination of perception. Likelihood principle in distorted images

perception.

Seminar questions

1. The role of past experience in perception. The theory of unconscious inferences. Explanation of geometrical-optical illusions and constancy illusions through the given theory.



2. The role of surrounding context and motivation in perception. Categorization theory. Stages of categorization. The concept of perceptual readiness. Perceptual defense.

3. Sociocultural determination of perception. Perception studies in primitive. A.R. Luria studies. Bruner & Goodman’s experiments.

4. Kinds of perceptual distortions and adaptation to them. The influence of naive physics on perceptual distortions experience. Likelihood principle.

Reading Obligatory:

1. Гусев А.Н. Общая психология: в 7т.: Учебник для студ. высш. уч. заведений / под ред.


82 (к вопросу 2), 88-91 (к вопросу 3), 341-373 (к вопросу 4), 292-307 (к вопросу 5).


5).

3. Хок Р. То, что вы видите, - это то, чему вы научились // Секреты выдающихся

экспериментов. М., Олма-Пресс, 2003. С. 55-63 (к вопросу 1). [имеется в виде PDF-

файла].

Additional:

1. Логвиненко А.Д. Психология восприятия. М., 1987. С.7-14 (к вопросам 1-3).

2. Грегори Р. Глаз и мозг. М., Прогресс. 1970. С. 150-156 (к вопросу 1).

3. Величковский Б.М. Когнитивная наука: основы психологии познания: в 2-х т. М.,

Смысл: Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. Т.1, с. 280-298.

SECTION III. ATTENTION

TOPIC 9. The basics of attention

The definition of attention. Two views on attention: Cause vs. Effect. The criteria of

attention. The principal attributes of attention. Varieties of attention. Modes of attention.

Conceptual metaphors of attention.

Seminar questions

1. The definition of attention. Attention as a cause or an effect. The criteria of attention and

its effects on the mind and behavior.

2. Attributes of attention. Varieties of attention. Modes of attention: sustained, selective,

divided, executive.

3. Conceptual metaphors of attention: how they drive the theory and research. Classical

metaphors: the visual field (Wundt), the wave (Titchener), the stream of consciousness (James).

Other metaphors.

Reading Obligatory:


ред. Б.С. Братуся / Т. 4. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. С. 8-16, 40-46, 55-56

(к вопросу 1), 46-53, 60-63, 68-74, 76-78 (к вопросу 2), 56-60, 65-68, 74-76 (к вопросу 3).



TOPIC 10. Selective attention

The “bottleneck”problem of information processing. Selective attention and consciousness.

Inattentional blindness and change blindness. The “cocktail party” phenomenon. Early vs. late

selection. The filter theory and its modifications. The spotlight theory of attention. The spatial cue

paradigm. The time course of spatial attention. Inhibition of return. Space-based vs. object-based

selection. The feature integration theory of attention and the “binding problem”. Visual search.

Preattention and attention. Illusory conjunctions of features. Selection for action. The perceptual

cycle theory (Neisser). Selective looking.

Seminar questions

1. The “bottleneck”problem of information processing. Selective attention as the “gate to

consciousness”. Inattentional blindness and change blindness.

2. The “cocktail party” phenomenon of selective attention. The early vs. late selection

problem. The filter theory of attention (Broadbent) and its modifications (Treisman, Deutch &

Deutch, Norman).

3. The spotlight theory of attention. The spatial cue paradigm (Posner, Jonides). The time

course of spatial attention. Inhibition of return (IOR) and its function. Space-based vs. object-based

selection.

4. The feature integration theory of attention (Treisman). The binding problem of perceptual

processing. The visual search paradigm. Parallel preattentive and serial attentional stages of

object perception. Visual search asymmetries. Illusory conjunctions of features.

5. Selection for action. The perceptual cycle theory (Neisser). Selective looking.

Reading Obligatory:

1. Дормашев Ю.Б., Романов В.Я. Психология внимания: Учебник. М.: МПСИ, 2002. С. 50-86

(к вопросу 2), 146-151 (к вопросу 3), 181-187 (к вопросу 5) [имеется в онлайн-формате].


ред. Б.С. Братуся / Т. 4. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. С. 150-152, 193-220,

337-340 (к вопросам 1, 2), 230-240, 316-329 (к вопросу 3), 171-173, 264-272 (к вопросу 4),

383-390, 393-394 (к вопросу 5).

4. Трейсман Э. Объекты и их признаки в зрительном восприятии человека // Когнитивная

психология: история и современность. Хрестоматия. / Под ред. М.В. Фаликман и В.Ф.

Спиридонова. М., 2011. С. 266-276 (к вопросу 3) [имеется электронная версия:

http://www.psychology-online.net/articles/doc-1737.html].

3. Уточкин И.С. Мгновенное восприятие сцен и множественных объектов // Когнитивная

психология: Феномены и проблемы // Под ред. В.Ф. Спиридонова. М.: URSS, 2014. С. 70-

85. (к вопросу 4) [имеется в виде PDF-файла]

TOPIC 11. Sustained and divided attention

The “energy” problem of attentional processing. Arousal. Yerkes-Dodson law and attention.

Vigilance and its decrement. Divided attention. The dual-task paradigm. Multiple-object tracking.

Resource theories. Evidence against resource theories. Competitive processes and phenomena of

attention. The perceptual load theory.

Seminar questions

1. The “energy” problem of attentional processing. Attention and physiological arousal. Yerkes-

Dodson law and attention.

2. Sustained attention and vigilance. Vigilance decrement over time (Mackworth).

http://www.psychology-online.net/articles/doc-1737.html



3. Divided attention. The dual-task paradigm. Multiple-object tracking (MOT). Resource

(Kahneman, Norman & Bobrow) theories of attention. Evidence against resource theories

(Spelke & Hirst).

4. Competitive processes in attention and the fails of selection. Attentional capture. Motion-

induced blindness (MIB). Attentional blink.The perceptual load theory (Lavie).

Reading Obligatory:

1. Дормашев Ю.Б., Романов В.Я. Психология внимания: Учебник. М.: МПСИ, 2002. С. 116-

136 (к вопросам 1,3), 300-303 (к вопросу 2), 187-192 (к вопросу 5) [имеется в онлайн-

формате].


ред. Б.С. Братуся / Т. 4. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. С. 344-361 (к вопросам

1-3), 361-367, 390-393 (к вопросу 2), 88-91 (к вопросу 3), 224-226, 285-286, 291-295 (к

вопросу 4).

TOPIC 12. Executive attention

Automatic and controlled processes. The effect of automaticity on attention and vise versa.

Executive attention as a conflict resolution. Stroop and flanker effects.

Seminar questions

1. Automatic and controlled processes in cognition and behavior (Shiffrin & Schneider). The

effect of automaticity on attention and vise versa.

2. Executive attention as a conflict resolution. Stroop and flanker effects. The cost of task

switching.

Reading Obligatory:

1. Дормашев Ю.Б., Романов В.Я. Психология внимания: Учебник. М.: МПСИ, 2002. С. 104-

107, 110-115 (к вопросу 1), [имеется в онлайн-формате].


ред. Б.С. Братуся / Т. 4. М., Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. С. 163-171 (к вопросам

1,2), 254-256 (к вопросу 2).



APPENDIX 1

Questions for the interview on topics 2 and 3

Questions for Topic 2

1. The visual field. Static and dynamic visual fields. The visual angle.

2. Features and constraints of the visual field associated with the structure of the visual analyzer.

3. Eye movements and their functions.

4. Visual acuity over the visual field and its measurement.

5. Laws of spatial and temporal summation

6. The critical frequency of flicker fusion (CFFF).

7. Lateral inhibition and its function. Mach‟s illusion and the simultaneous contrast illusion.

8. Selective sensory adaptation and contrast illusions (adaptation aftereffects).

9. Visual masking and its types.

10. Additive and subtractive color mixture. The principle of coloring afterimages.

11. The trichromatic and the opponent-process theories of color vision.

Questions for Topic 3

1. Sensory thresholds and sensitivity.

2. Weber‟s Law

3. Fechner‟s psychophysical law and deduction.

4. Stevens‟ psychophysical law and deduction.

5. The basic statements of the psychophysical signal detection theory (SDT)

6. Sensitivity and criterion measures in the psychophysical signal detection theory (SDT).

7. ROC curves. Plotting sensitivity and the criterion on a ROC.

8. The sub-sensory range (with an example).

9. Methods of measuring subliminal (uinconscious) perception.

10. Priming.

11. The “25th

frame” and related phenomena and their effects on behavior.



APPENDIX 2

READING FOR THE TEST ON ATTENTION

Option 1:

Fernandez-Duque, D. & Jonson, M.L. (2002). Cause and effect theories of attention: The

role of conceptual metaphors. Review of General Psychology, 6(2), 153–165.

and

Fernandez-Duque, D. & Jonson, M.L. (2002). Attention metaphors: How metaphors guide

the cognitive psychology of attention. Cognitive Science, 23, 83-116. (pp. 84-93).

Option 2:

Egeth, H. & Yantis, S. (1997). Visual attention: Control, representation, and time course.

Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 269-297.



APPENDIX 3

Questions for the exam preparation

General questions: 1. Sensation: definition, attributes, classifications.

2. Perception: definition and properties (phenomena). The duality of perception.

3. The structuralistic theory of perception (Wundt, Titchener)

4. The Gestalt approach to perception

5. The ecological approach to perception (Gibson).

6. Scene and multiple object perception.

7. Distance and depth cues in visual perception.

8. The mechanisms of 3D vision and demonstrations.

9. Motion cues. The theories of motion and stability perception.

10. Time perception.

11. The core-and-context theory of constancy.

12. The perceptual equations theory of constancy.

13. The theory of unconscious inference (Helmholtz, Gregory).

14. The categorization theory.

15. Sociocultural determinants of perception.

16. Attention: definition, types, and modes. Attentional criteria.

17. Conceptual metaphors of attention.

18. Filter theory of attention and modifications.

19. Spotlight theory of attention. Space-based vs. Object-based attention.

20. The binding problem of perception. Feature-integration theory of attention and evidence.

21. Selection for action. The “perceptual cycle” theory of attention.

22. Attention and arousal. Yerkes-Dodson law and attention. Sustained attention (vigilance).

23. Resource theories of attention.

24. Executive attention. Attention and automaticity. Automated and controlled processes.

Questions on demonstrations and experiments: 1. Geometrical illusions, dual images, impossible images. Myuller-Lyer‟s illusion and

explanations.

2. Perceptual organization laws. Pragnanz law. Examples from vision.

3. Oculomotor, pictorial and transformational distance and depth cues.

4. Motion illusions: autokynetic, stroboscope and induced motion, the „waterfall‟ effect (motion

aftereffect).

5. Hallway & Boring‟s experiment on size constancy.

6. Constancy illusions and explanations:

7. Optical distortions. Perceptual adaptation to optical inversion.

8. The research in pseudoscopy. The likelihood principle in perception

9. Bruner & Goodman‟s study on coin size perception.

10. Attention as a “gate” to consciousness. Inattentional blindness and change blindness.

11. The “cocktail party” effect. The studies of selective attention with dichotic listening.

12. Posner‟s spatial cue paradigm. The time course of attentional spotlight. Inhibition of return.

13. Experimental evidence for space-based vs. object-based attention.

14. Visual search. Parallel vs. serial search. Visual search asymmetry. Illusory conjunctions.

15. Neisser‟s selective looking paradigm. Spelke & Hirst‟s experiment.

16. The dual task paradigm. Multiple-object tracking. Kahneman‟s dual-task experiment.

17. Competitive processes in attention: attentional capture, motion-induced blindness, attentional

blink. Perceptual load theory.

18. Executive attention. Stroop and flanker effects.

Syllabus for the course Cognitive psychology...2016/06/24 · Syllabus for the course «Cognitive...

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