ETHNOBOTANY Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) 455 at University of Michigan Biological Station

Spring 2013 Syllabus Instructors:

Dr. Scott Herron: Herrons@ferris.edu OFFICE: Sparrow East Office Teaching Assistant: Adam Schubel: aschubel@gmail.com OFFICE: Sparrow East Office

Required Reading:

• Ethnobiology, Anderson, E.N., D. Pearsall, E. Hunn, and N. Turner (editors). 2012. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-470-54785-4

• Ethnobotany Course Pack, 2012, Available in UMBS Bookstore • Nadelhoffer, N., A. J. Hogg, and B. A. Hazlett (editors). 2010. The Changing Environment

of Northern Michigan. The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-05075-8 • Herron, S.M. 2002. Ethnobotany of the Anishinaabek Northern Great Lakes Indians.

Doctoral Dissertation. Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. (available digitally). • Other required readings may be assigned at instructor discretion to enable you to

achieve the intended learning outcomes of this course. Research Resources:

• Some Chippewa Uses of Plants http://reserves.umdl.umich.edu/E/0/E004048.pdf • Ethnobotany of the Menominee http://name.umdl.umich.edu/1683321 • Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi http://name.umdl.umich.edu/1683326 • Michigan Flora Online http://michiganflora.net • Decolonizing Diet Project http://decolonizingdietproject.blogspot.com/ • These & other resources are available on our class reserves table in the library

Suggested Further Readings (not required): • Ford, R. I. 2001 Ethnobiology at the Millennium: Past Promise and Future

Prospects. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. • Alexiades, M. N. 1996. Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field

Manual. The New York Botanical Garden Press. • Minnis, P.E. 2000. Ethnobotany: A Reader. University of Oklahoma Press.

Class Conduct:

Lectures: In lecture, Scott will present ethnobotanical theories, methods, and examples applicable to most cultural situations in the world. Laboratory: Scott and Adam will conduct a series of exercises that will acquaint you with the useful plants and fungi of northern Michigan and let you apply principles and ideas you learn in class with hands-on ethnobotany labs. Field trips: As a class we will take a series of field trips to examine vegetation and fungi in the field so that you can learn about these plants in their spring aspect in various habitats and communities. We will emphasize useful species and their ecological associations. Expert consultants: Several experts may meet with the class to discuss aspects of plant usage and beliefs in their families and communities. You are encouraged to ask respectful questions.

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Weekends: This is an intensive field course that will meet Monday through Friday and students will need to and should expect to work on projects, assignments, garden, etc. during the weekends in addition to personal needs.

Classroom Location

Lectures will occur in Sparrow East, and most labs will meet there also. Field Trips will leave in minivans from the van parking area in front of the maintenance garage. We may meet in Sparrow and walk over to vans at designated time.

Expectations: This is a five credit course. It is intensive and thorough because we are presenting an entire semester course in four weeks. It is easy to get behind if you are not serious and conscientious. We expect all students to be active participants in all phases of the course. Discussion and pertinent questions are encouraged. You need to stay current with your readings, they will be incorporated into each final exam question. Attendance at all class activities is expected. If you are unable to participate fully in any of our activities because of illness, personal needs, etc., please inform your instructors asap. Repeated lack of participation will result in a lower grade as described in the grading section below. Pre-requisites Note: It is expected that you have completed a 2 majors level biology courses (such as EEB 171) and another natural science course. We will be teaching a 400-level course which expects some foundational knowledge of biology, science, and social science (including linguistics, cultural anthropology, history and American Indian Studies). Your personal background preparation for this course might necessitate additional effort on your part to achieve student and course objectives.

Yearly Theme / Focus of Course: This year the theme of the Ethnobotany course will be “We are Idle No More,” social justice movements and how tribal peoples are reconnecting with their landscapes through treaties, protests, political ecology and engagements. It will be integrated where possible into the course. This theme will guide our class as we investigate the applied Ethnobotany of the Decolonizing Diet Project of NMU, travel across the landscapes of the Northern Lower and Eastern-Central Upper Peninsula, and question the impacts of recent changes in weather patterns, human demographics, and distributions of native and non-native species in the Great Lakes ecoregion.

Grading: 1000 Total Points 20% /200 points Plant-Fungi Practical

– mid-term evaluation of identification & taxonomy 30%/300 points Species Productivity Schedule (SPS) research project

-First Draft 40%; Final Project 60% 30%/300 points Final Essay Examination

–administered the last day of class 10%/100 points Student Group Presentations of Case Studies -2 presentations (Tuesday May 28 & Friday June 7) 10%/100 points Student Assessment (in labs and in the field)

-Quiz 1 (40 points)

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-Quiz 2 (40 points) -Craft reflection (10 points) -Voucher specimens (10 points)

Participation, as well as oral quizzing of field identification, cultural usage, and ecology during field trips & in the lab -Disruptive behavior and repeated lack of following instructions will result in a reduced grade

COURSE SCHEDULE (subject to be modified by instructors as necessary) Sunday MAY 19- GETTING YOUR FEET WET (Day 0)

READ: Ethnobiology: Overview of a Growing Field, by Eugene N. Anderson. In Ethnobiology, pp. 1-14. (Textbook Chapter 1) The Wild Rice Gatherers of the Upper Lakes by Albert E. Jenks, 1019-1082 (Coursepack) [Presentations on Tuesday May 28th at 8:30 am]

7:00 pm UMBS Orientation (Lecture Hall) 8:30 pm Ethnobotany class meeting and introductions Class Student Survey (handed out) Course Overview and Expectations Monday MAY 20- INTRO TO ETHNOBIOLOGY (Lecture 1)

READ: History of Ethnobiology, by Richard I. Ford. In Ethnobiology, pp. 15-26. (Textbook Chapter 2) Chapter 1: Human History by Scott M. Herron In The Changing Environment of Northern Michigan: A Century of Science and Nature at the University of Michigan Biological Station. pp. 15-24. (UMBS Book)

8:30 LECTURE What are Ethnobotany, Ethnobiology & Economic Botany? History of Ethnobotany

LUNCH on campus Class Student Survey (Due at 1)

1 LAB Douglas Lake Pine Point Trail, UMBS: Plant collecting and identification

7:30 DISCUSSION in the Dorm Lounge

Field Identification terminology and features Taxonomic herbarium vs. Ethnobotanical herbarium

Tuesday MAY 21- THEORIES IN ETHNOBOTANY (Lecture 2)

READ: Ethnobotany: The Study of People-Plant Relationships, by Justin M. Nolan and Nancy J. Turner. In Ethnobiology, pp. 133-147. (Textbook Chapter 9)

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8:30 LECTURE Ethnobotanical Theories 10:30 Student Meetings with Instructors to Discuss Individual Needs (Class

Survey)

LUNCH on campus

1:00 LAB Grapevine Point Trail, UMBS: Plant collecting and identification

Wednesday MAY 22- ETHICS IN ETHNOBIOLOGY (Lecture 3)

READ: Ethics in Ethnobiology: History, International Law and Policy, and Contemporary Issues by Preston Hardison and Kelly Bannister. In Ethnobiology, pp. 27-49. (Textbook Chapter 3) From Researcher to Partner: Ethical Challenges and Issues Facing the Ethnobiological Researcher by Michael Gilmore and W. Hardy Eshbaugh. In Ethnobiology, pp. 51-63. (Textbook Chapter 4)

8:30 LAB Organic, Subsistence Gardening & Seed Sowing UMBS food garden, rain garden and Sparrow ebot garden

LUNCH on campus

1 LECTURE Ethics Case Studies, theories, and Indigenous intellectual property rights SVIDEO: “Corn is Life: Ritual of Maize”

Thursday MAY 23- CLASSIFICATIONS OF PLANTS (Lecture 4) READ:

Linguistic Ethnobiology by Eugene S. Hunn and Cecil H. Brown. In Ethnobiology, pp. 319-333. (Textbook Chapter 19)

8:30 LECTURE What names Tell Us Names and Prehistory

Folk Classifications (Indigenous perspective) Linnaean Classifications (Scientist perspective)

1 FIELD TRIP: Mud Lake Bog, Cheboygan County Friday MAY 24- ETHNOECOLOGY, FOLK ECOLOGY AND MAPPING (Lecture 5)

READ: Chapter 2: Landforms, Physical Landscapes, and Glacial History by Randall J. Schaetzl & Burton Barnes In The Changing Environment of Northern Michigan: A Century of Science and Nature at the University of Michigan Biological Station. Pp. 25-35. (UMBS Book)

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Ethnoecology and Landscapes by Leslie Main Johnson and Iain Davidson-Hunt. In Ethnobiology, pp. 267-284. (Textbook Chapter 16)

8:30 LECTURE Cognized environment Latent Functional Analysis

GIS Data in Ethnobotany Tools and Methods used by Ethnobiologists

1 FIELD TRIP: Smith Fen or Alternative Wetland, Cheboygan County Saturday MAY 25- Stay up to date (better yet get ahead) on readings Review plants we’ve covered so far (Plant TV, field/forest walks) Start your SPS, etc. Sunday MAY 26- Stay up to date (better yet get ahead) on readings Review plants we’ve covered so far Monday MAY 27- NUTRITION, DIET, AND TRADITIONAL FOODS (Lecture 6)

READ: The Vanishing Breed by Gretel Ehrlich, National Geographic Adventure, Volume 10 (2), March 2008. (Coursepack) Assessments of Indigenous Peoples’ Traditional Food and Nutrition Systems by Letitia M. McCune and Harriet V. Kuhnlein. In Ethnobiology, pp. 249-266. (Textbook Chapter 15)

8:30 LECTURE Human demography and nutrition

Energy requirements from food Plant harvesting strategies

Importance of food from ethnobotanical perspective Cultural & ecological influences on dietary choice

VIDEO: “Food from the Rainforest” LUNCH on campus 1 FIELD TRIP Reese’s Swamp/Carp Creek gorge, Burt Lake-UMBS Tuesday MAY 28- Group Presentations on Wild Rice Case Study

READ: Floristic Survey of Grass Bay: Up to our asses in high quality grasses by UMBS Botany Students 2005, pp. 1-14 (Coursepack) Chapter 13 by Scott M. Herron in Ethnobotany of the Anishinaabek Northern Great Lakes Indians. pp. 241-271. (C-Tools)

LUNCH in the field (pack a bag lunch) & swim suit to cool off in Lake Huron

8:30 Oral Presentations by Small Groups on Wild Rice Case Study 10:30 FIELD TRIP Grass Bay Nature Preserve-Lake Huron, Cheboygan

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LUNCH at Lake Huron Quiz 1 (Plant ID quiz after lunch at Grass Bay Nature Preserve) PM Pack your overnight bag, sleeping gear and supplies for UP Trip Wednesday MAY 29- THE DECOLONING DIET OF UPPER PENINSULA (Discussion 7)

Read: Chapter 6:The Fungi by Marilynn Smith In The Changing Environment of Northern Michigan: A Century of Science and Nature at the University of Michigan Biological Station, 2010, pp. 69-76. (UMBS Book)

AM Field Site Forays in Eastern and Central UP GPS Demonstration and Utilization

PM Arrive at Site of Overnight (SSM Tribe Reservation at Sawyer

International Airport) Staying at Former Air Force Base School 10 PM Stargazing and ethnocosmology (weather pending)

Thursday MAY 30- LOCAL, NATURALIZED, AND TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE (Lecture 8)

READ: Traditional Resource and Environmental Management by Catherine S. Fowler and Dana Lepofsky. In Ethnobiology, pp. 285-304. (Textbook Chapter 17)

8:30 LECTURE Principles of TEK (Traditional Ecological Knowledge) Plant and Cultural Responses to usage

Human environmental scheduling and cultural adaptation

AM/PM Foraging for Food with Decolonizing Diet Project staff Friday MAY 31- DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND AGRICULTURE (Lecture 9)

READ: Ethnobiology and Agroecology by E. N. Anderson. In Ethnobiology, pp. 305-318. (Textbook Chapter 18)

8:30 AM Pack up, Leave Marquette area for Trip back to UMBS

LAB Visit Traditional Tribal Grounds on US-41 near Rapid River

Field Site Forays along US-2 on Lake Michigan Shoreline PM Return to UMBS Saturday JUNE 1- Stay up to date (better yet get ahead) on readings Review plants we’ve covered so far

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Sunday JUNE 2— Stay up to date (better yet get ahead) on readings Review plants we’ve covered so far

Monday JUNE 3- SACRED WATER, TEAS, MEDICINE WATER

9 AM MIDTERM EXAM Plant Practicum: Identification, ecological associations, ethnobotany of plants

READ:

Anishnaabe-Kwe, Traditional Knowledge, and Water Protection by Deborah McGregor, Canadian Woman Studies, Vol. 26, No.3, 2008. (Coursepack)

1 LAB Northern Michigan Indigenous Teas

Evening Work on SPS Draft-Due Thursday June 6, 6 PM Tuesday JUNE 4- PLANT MEDICINES, MEDICINAL & HEALING SYSTEMS (Lecture 10)

READ: Ethnoecological Approaches to Integrating Theory and Method in Ethnomedical Research by Nina Etkin, Tamara Ticktin, and Heather L. McMillen, In Ethnobiology, pp. 231-247. (Textbook Chapter 14)

8:30 LECTURE Plants as medicine

Plants for personal hygiene Traditional systems of heath and illness

VIDEO: “Keepers of the Forest” **Class Ethnobiology Dinner Planning** LUNCH on campus

1 LAB Dyeing fibers with plants and fungi

Evening Work on SPS Draft-Due Thursday June 6th, 6 PM

Wednesday JUNE 5- PLANTS OF MATERIAL CULTURE (Lecture 11)

READ: Chapter 14 by Scott M. Herron in Ethnobotany of the Anishinaabek Northern Great Lakes Indians, pp.272-313. (C-Tools) Some Chippewa Uses of Plants by Melvin Gilmore, 1933, p.119-143. http://reserves.umdl.umich.edu/E/0/E004048.pdf (C-Tools)

8:30 LECTURE Plants for Crafts: containers, cordage, fabrics, & dyes

Plants for Housing Structures and Dwellings Northern Michigan craft and dye plants

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Lunch on Campus LAB Fibers, Bark, Cordage and Containers

Evening Work on SPS Draft-Due Thursday June 6, 6 PM

Thursday JUNE 6- KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER ACROSS TIME & PLACE (Lecture 12)

READ: Chapter 15 by Scott M. Herron in Ethnobotany of the Anishinaabek Northern Great Lakes Indians, pp. 314-328. (C-Tools) History and Current Trends of Ethnobiological Research in Europe, by Ingvar Svanberg, Lukasz Luczaj, Manuel Pardo-De-Santayana, and Andrea Pieroni. In Ethnobiology, pp. 305-318. (Textbook Chapter 12)

8:30 LECTURE Discovery of new plant uses

Exchange of plant knowledge Pictographs on rock, birch bark and in the sky

Lunch on Campus 1-6 SPS Preparation, Crafting, and/or Fungi readings

6:00 Hand in Digital/Hard Copies (1) of SPS Project First Draft

Friday JUNE 7- INDIGENOUS USES OF FUNGI/ETHNOMYCOLOGY(Lecture 13)

READ: Puhpohwee for the People: A Narrative Account of Some Uses of Fungi Among the Anishinaabek by Keewaydinoquay, 1998. pp. ix-70. (C-Tools) (Hard Copies on Reserve in Library) Ethnomycology: Fungi and Mushrooms in Cultural Entanglements. By Sveta Yamin-Pasternak. In Ethnobiology, pp. 213-230. (Textbook Chapter 13)

8:30 LECTURE Cultural Uses of Fungi by American Indians DISCUSSION/VIDEOS

Anishinaabek, Houichol, and Mayan uses of fungi “Maya and Mushrooms”

“Within the Depths of Peyote” 1 Oral Presentations by Small Groups on Puhpohwee Case Study

Saturday JUNE 8- looking back (review) and looking forward info/inspiration Sunday JUNE 9- looking back (review) and looking forward info/inspiration Monday JUNE 10- ETHNOZOOLOGY (Lecture 14)

READ:

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Ethnozoology- by Eugene Hunn. In Ethnobiology, pp. 83-96. (Textbook Chapter 6)

8:30 LECTURE Ethnozoology Lunch- On Campus 1 LAB Ethnozoology TBD Tuesday JUNE 11- Research Project Presentation Day

READ: Cognitive Studies in Ethnobiology: What Can We Learn About the Mind as Well as Human Environmental Interaction, by Norbert Ross and Caissa Revilla-Minaya. In Ethnobiology, pp. 335-349. (Textbook Chapter 20)

Print out copies of your SPS for distribution to class at lunch 8:30 Hand in Digital/Hard Copies (18) of SPS Project Final Project

9:00 Presentations & Discussion of SPS Research Projects LUNCH on campus 1 Continue Presentations & Discussion of SPS Research Projects

Wednesday JUNE 12- THE SHAMAN AND THE PLANT SPIRIT WORLD (Lecture 16)

READ: Ojibway Stargazing: There’s more up there than a Greek guy in a tunic by Carl Gawboy, 2005, p.44-48 Lake Superior Magazine, Feb-March 2005. Atchakosuk: Ininewuk Stories of the Stars by Wilfred Buck, 2009, p. 71-83, First Nations Perspectives Vol. 2, 1.(Coursepack)

8:30 LECTURE Ritual plants - Psychoactives

Shamans, healers, and ceremonies of healing Northern Michigan sacred & spiritual plants VIDEO: “Huichol: To Find Life-Pilgrimage for Peyote”

1 LAB Smudging and smoking plants

4:00 Class Ethnobiology Dinner & Discussion-Dorm Lounge Evening STUDY for Final Exam

Thursday JUNE 13- ETHNOBOTANY AND THE FUTURE (Lecture 17)

READ: The Symbolic Uses of Plants by Luis Manuel Mendonca de Carvalho. In Ethnobiology, pp. 351-369. (Textbook Chapter 21)

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8:30 LECTURE Ethnobotanical Methodologies Summary Resources for continuing ethnobotanical education

Future of Ethnobotany Exam Study Session

LUNCH on campus

STUDY for Final Exam

Friday JUNE 14- 9 AM – 12PM Final Examination Saturday JUNE 15- LAST BREAKFAST - Research papers, examinations and final grades

calculated-Have a safe trip to your destination!

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