syllabus 2013 - AUF.doc

ANGELES UNIVERSITY FOUNDATIONSCHOOL OF LAW

Chet J. Tan, Jr.

PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAWSecond Semester 2013-14

COURSE OUTLINE*

* Adapted from the Course Outline of Dean Raul C. Pangalangan. (used with permission)

of 13

I. Introduction

J.G. BERNAS, S.J., INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW (2009), ch. 1-2

What is international law?

Sources of international law Article 38 and 59, Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)

1. Primary2. Subsidiary

Cases:Nicaragua v. United States, 1986 I.C.J. 14Filartiga v. Peña-Irala, 630 F.2d 876

II. Customary International Law

BERNAS, ch. 2

Cases:Case of the SS Lotus, PCIJ Ser. A., No. 10 (1927)Paquete Habana Case, 175 U.S. 677Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v. Norway), 1951 I.C.J. 116Nicaragua v. US, supraKuroda v. Jalandoni, 83 Phil 171Borovsky v. Commissioner, 90 Phil 107Meijoff v. Director of Prisons, 90 Phil 70Haw Pia v. China Banking, 80 Phil. 604

opinion juris sive necessitatesMijares v. Ranada, 455 SCRA 397 (2005)

“Hard law” and “Soft law”Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association of the

Philippines v. Duque 535 SCRA 265 (2007)

III. General Principles of Law, jus cogens and obligations erga omnes

BERNAS, ch. 2

of 13

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), art. 53-54

Cases:The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial (1945-56)Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company (Second

Phase) (1962) Case Concerning East Timor (Portugal v. Australia) (1991) Genocide Convention Case (Bosnia and Herzegovina v.

Yugoslavia) (Preliminary Objections) (1996) Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic

Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda) (2006)

IV. Treaties

BERNAS, ch. 3

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)UN Charter, art. 103CONST., art. VIII, sec. 5(2) (a)CONST., art VII sec. 21E.O. 459, November 25, 1997

pacta sunt servanda

Cases:Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France and New Zealand v.

France) (1975) Texaco v. Libya (1977) Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia) (1997) Reservations to the Genocide Convention (1951) Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (US v. Iran) Gonzales v. Henchanova, 9 SCRA 230 (1963)Abbas v. COMELEC, 179 SCRA 287Secretary of Justice v. Lantion 343 SCRA 377Guerrero’s Transport Services v. Blaylock 71 SCRA 621

(1976)Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 253 SCRA 630Agustin v. Edu, 88 SCRA 195International School Alliance v. Quisumbing, 333 SCRA 13Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668Mayor Simon v. Commission on Human Rights, 229 SCRA

117Pimentel v. Exec. Secretary, G.R. No. 158088, 462 SCRA 622

V. Treaties and Executive Agreements

of 13

BERNAS, ch. 3

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), art. 2(1)(a) CONST. art. XII, sec. 21Memorandum Circular No. 89

Cases:Dames and Moore v. v. Regan, 453 U.S. 654 (excerpt) USAFFE Veterans v. Treasurer, 105 Phil. 1030Commissioner of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading, 3 SCRA 351 (1961)Bayan v. Zamora, 342 SCRA 449 (2000)

VI. International Law and Domestic Legal Orders

BERNAS, ch. 4

Doctrine of incorporationCONST., art. II, sec. 2Gonzales v. Hechanova, supra.

lex posteriori derogate lex prioriAbbas v. COMELEC, supra.Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, supra.

CONST. art XVIII Bayan v. Zamora, supra.Lim v. Exec. Sec G.R. No. 151445, 380 SCRA 739Reyes v. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553Tañada v. Angara, 272 SCRA 18 (1997)

CONST. art. XII, sec. 20Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), art. 2In re Garcia, 2 SCRA 984Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, 322 SCRA 160

Cases:Trajano v. Marcos, 978 F 2nd 493 (1992) (Court of Appeal,

Ninth Circuit)Nicolas v. Romulo, G.R. No 175888, Feb. 11, 2009Pimentel v. Exec. Secretary, supra.Bayan Muna v. Secretary Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, February

1, 2011

VII. International Court of Justice (ICJ)

of 13

BERNAS, ch. 13

How does the ICJ acquire jurisdiction?Statute of the ICJ, art. 36

Limitations on the jurisdiction of the ICJStatute of the ICJ, art. 34 and 36

Advisory OpinionsLegal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the

Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion) – excerpt

Unilateral Declaration of Independence by Kosovo (Advisory Opinion) (2010)

Cases:Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory

Opinion) LaGrand (Germany v. United States) Lockerbie Case (Request for the Indication of Provisional

Measures) (1992)

VIII. International Legal Personality

BERNAS, ch. 5-6

UN Charter Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United

Nations, ICJ Reports Admission to Membership, I.C.J. Reports UN G.A. Resolution 1514 (1960), Declaration on the Granting

of Independence to Colonial Countries and PeoplesUN G.A. Resolution 1803 (1962), Permanent Sovereignty

over Natural ResourcesUN G.A. Resolution 2625 (1970), Declaration of Principles of

International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), common article 1

Optional Protocol to the ICCPRGeneral Comment No. 12, Self-Determination Case Concerning East Timor, supra

of 13

1949 Geneva Conventions, Reservations by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1973)

State SovereigntyThe Island of Las Palmas Case, 2 Report of International

Arbitration Awards 839 (1928) Trail Smelter Arbitration (see BERNAS, at 138-139)Tañada v. Angara, supra.United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, art. 194 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,

Principle 21

Recognition of states Recognition of governments

Recognition of belligerency

Stateless persons (definition and consequences) Convention in Relation to the Status of Stateless Persons

(1954) Convention on the Conflict of Nationality Laws (1930)Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961)

IX. State Responsibility

BERNAS, ch. 11

ILC Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts

Cases:Corfu Channel Case, ICJ Reports United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, ICJ

Reports Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala), ICJ Reports Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, supraCase Concerning East Timor, supraVelasquez-Rodriguez v. Honduras, Inter-American Court of

Human RightsAsian Agricultural Products v. Sri Lanka, 30 ILM 577 (1991),

ICSID Dames and Moore v. Regan, supra.

Principle of Attribution

X. State Immunities

of 13

BERNAS, ch. 10

Independence and Equality of StatesRepublic of Indonesia v. Vinzon, 405 SCRA 126 (2003)Minucher v. Court of Appeals, 397 SCRA 244 (2003)

Absolute immunity and restrictive immunityHoly See v. Rosario, 238 SCRA 524United States v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487;

WaiverFroilan vs. Pan Oriental Shipping Co., 95 Phil. 905

Execution Dexter & Carpenter v. Kunglig 43 F2d 705

Diplomatic ImmunityR.A. 75, sec. 4 Optional Protocols to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic

RelationsVienna Convention on Consular Relations, art. 1, 5, 32, 41,

43-45, 49-50, 53, 58, 60, 62-63, 66 Minucher v. Court of Appeals, 397 SCRA 244 (1992)World Health Organization v. Aquino, 48 SCRA 242 (1972)Schneckenburger v. Moran, 63 Phil. 249

governmental or sovereign acts (acta jure imperii) and non-governmental, propriety or commercial acts (acta jure gestiones)

U.S. v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487

XI. International Protection for Human Rights

BERNAS, ch. 12

Universal Declaration on Human Rights ICCPR (particularly art. 26)ICESCR Convention of the Rights of the Child, art. 6(1) and 24 (2)(f) Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination

against Women, art. 10(h), 12(2) and 14(b) International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Racial DiscriminationConvention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime

of Genocide

of 13

Torture Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT)ICCPR, art. 2 and 7 R.A. 9745 (Anti-Torture Act of 2009)

Aut Dedere Aut JudicareCAT, art. 7Geneva Convention (I), art. 49Geneva Convention (II), art. 50Geneva Convention (III), art. 129Geneva Convention (IV), art. 146

Extraterritorial JurisdictionRepublic Act No. 9372 (Human Security Act)

Universal JurisdictionBERNAS, at 157-167

XII. The Use of Force in International Law

BERNAS, ch. 14-15

UN Charter, art. 2(4) and 42 Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (1986 ICJ Rep. 14)

Exceptions to the prohibition against the use of forceUN Charter, art. 42, 51, and 53

The UN Security CouncilUN Charter, art. 4 and 43

Self-defense, generally UN Charter, art. 51

Self-defense vis-à-vis non-state actors Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion) - excerpt

War The International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Tribunal), Judgment

Aggression

of 13

UNGA Resolution 3314 The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia: The

Decision of the Appeals Chamber on Tadic Case, 45 ICLQ 691

Neutralization

Neutrality

Case:Hamdi v. Rumsfeld

XIII. Law of Armed Conflict (International Humanitarian Law)

BERNAS, ch. 15

1949 Geneva Conventions, Common Articles 2 and 3 1977 Protocol I and Protocol II to the Geneva ConventionsR.A. 9851 (Philippine Act on Crimes Against International

Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and Other Crimes Against Humanity)

Core Principles1. Distinction

Protocol I, art. 482. Proportionality

Protocol I, art. 51.5 (b) and 57.2 (b)3. Unnecessary Suffering

Protocol I, art. 35.2 and 6

4. Military Necessity Hague Regulation IV (1907), Art. 23 (g)

The Martens ClauseGeneva Convention (III), art. 142

Limits on Means and Methods of WarfareProtocol I, art. 35

What persons or objects may lawfully be attacked?Protocol I, art. 48

Civilians directly participating in hostilitiesProtocol I, art. 51.3

of 13

ReprisalProtocol I, art. 20

Treatment of Prisoners and Detainees1. International

Geneva Convention (III), art. 4-5Protocol I, art. 75

2. Non-International Geneva Conventions Common Article 3Protocol I, art. 75Protocol II

MercenariesGeneva Convention (III), art. 4Protocol I, art. 47

Case:United States v. Manuel Antonio Noriega

XIV. International Criminal Law

BERNAS, ch. 15, pp. 265-266

Rome Statute of the International Criminal CourtPrinceton Principles on Universal JurisdictionConvention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations

to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity (1968)

The International Criminal Court1. Scope

Rome Statute, art. 12-132. Temporal Jurisdiction

Rome Statute, art. 113. What may be prosecuted?

a. War CrimesGrave Breaches of the Geneva ConventionsGeneva Convention (I), art. 49-50Geneva Convention (II), art. 50-51Geneva Convention (III), art. 129-30Geneva Convention (IV), art. 146-147

b. Genocide Genocide Convention, art. 2c. Crimes Against HumanityRome Statute, art. 7d. Aggression

of 13

Rome Statute, art. 8bis4. Who may be prosecuted?

Rome Statute, art. 121 and 1245. Complementarity

Rome Statute, art. 17

Cases:Justice Robert Jackson’s Opening Statement before the

International Military Tribunal The International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Tribunal),

Judgment, supra. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Tokyo

War Crimes Tribunal), Indictment Yamashita v. StyerU.S. v. William M. Calley, Jr. Attorney-General of Israel v. Adolf Eichmann (summary)Prosecutor v. Kanyabashi

XV. Extradition

BERNAS, ch. 9, pp. 174-191

Double Criminality

Attentat Clause

Principle of Specialty

Distinguished from Deportation

Predominance or Proportionality testCleugh v. Strakosch, 109 F2d 330Wright v. Court of Appeals, 235 SCRA 341Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, supra.

XVI. Territory

BERNAS, ch. 7

Const, art. I.Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer-Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial BodiesLiability for Damage Caused by Spaced Objects Convention

(1972)

of 13

Registration of Objects in Space Convention (1974)Moon Treaty (1979)

Cases:The Island of Las Palmas (Or Miangas), supra.The Clipperton Island Case Case Concerning the Legal Status of Eastern Greenland Case Concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso /Mali) Land and Maritime Boundary (Cameroon v. Nigeria) Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan

(Indonesia/Malaysia) Eritrea v. Yemen

XVII. Law of the Sea: Maritime Boundary Delimitation and the Global Commons

BERNAS, ch. 8

R.A. 3046, as amended by R.A. 5446R.A. 9522 Presidential Decree No. 1596United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951Treaty of ParisTreaty of Washington

Territorial Sea UNCLOS, art. 2, 3 and 14

Archipelagic State UNCLOS, art. 121

Archipelagic WatersUNCLOS, art. 49(1)

Internal waters

Contiguous zone UNCLOS, art. 33

Exclusive Economic ZoneUNCLOS, art. 56-57

Continental shelf

of 13

Right of Innocent Passage UNCLOS, art. 18(2), 19(2) and 45(2)

Flag StateUNCLOS, art. 91

Flag of Convenience

Western Philippine Sea

Cases:Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case, supra.Magallona v. Executive Secretary

-oOo-

of 13

syllabus 2013 - AUF.doc

Documents

Transcript of syllabus 2013 - AUF.doc