SYLLABI FOR PH.D. ENTRANCE TEST

SHARDA UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA

1.1 MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY, NANOTECHNOLOGY, FUEL TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY SCIENCES

1.1.1 Structure Atomic structure and bonding in materials. Crystal structure of materials, crystal systems, unit cells and space lattices, determination of structures of simple crystals by x-ray diffraction, miller indices of planes and directions, packing geometry in metallic, ionic and covalent solids. Concept of amorphous, single and polycrystalline structures and their effect on properties of materials. Crystal growth techniques; Imperfections in crystalline solids and their role in influencing various properties.

1.1.2 Diffusion: Fick’s laws and application of diffusion in sintering, doping of semiconductors and surface hardening of metals.

1.1.3 Metals and Alloys Solid solutions, solubility limit, phase rule, binary phase diagrams, intermediate phases, intermetallic compounds, iron-iron carbide phase diagram, heat treatment of steels, cold, hot working of metals, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth. Microstructure, properties and applications of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys.

1.1.4 Ceramics

Structure, properties, processing and applications of traditional and advanced ceramics.

1.1.5 Polymers Classification, polymerization, structure and properties, additives for polymer products, processing and applications.

1.1.6 Composites Properties and applications of various composites.

1.1.7 Advanced Materials and Tools Smart materials, exhibiting ferroelectric, piezoelectric, optoelectric, semiconducting behavior, lasers and optical fibers, photoconductivity and superconductivity, nonmaterial’s – synthesis, properties and applications, biomaterials, super alloys, shape memory alloys. Materials characterization techniques such as, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry.

1.1.8 Mechanical Properties:

Stress-strain diagrams of metallic, ceramic and polymeric materials, modulus of elasticity, yield strength, tensile strength, toughness, elongation, plastic deformation, viscoelasticity, hardness, impact strength, creep, fatigue, ductile and brittle fracture

1.1.9 Thermal Properties Heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion of materials.

1.1.10 Electronic Properties Concept of energy band diagram for materials - conductors, semiconductors and insulators, electrical conductivity – effect of temperature on conductivity, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, dielectric properties.

1.1.11 Optical Properties Reflection, refraction, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic radiation in solids.

1.1.12 Magnetic Properties Origin of magnetism in metallic and ceramic materials, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, antiferro magnetism, ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetisms, magnetic hysteresis.

1.1.13 Environmental Degradation Corrosion and oxidation of materials, prevention.

1.1.14 Chemistry of high polymers Monomers, functionality, degree of polymerizations, classification of polymers, glass transition, melting transition, criteria for rubberiness, polymerization methods: addition and condensation; their kinetics, metallocene polymers and other newer techniques of polymerization, copolymerization, monomer reactivity

ratios and its significance, kinetics, different copolymers, random, alternating, azeotropic copolymerization, block and graft copolymers, techniques for copolymerization-bulk, solution, suspension, emulsion.

1.1.15 Polymer Characterization

Solubility and swelling, concept of average molecular weight, determination of number average, weight average, viscosity average and Z-average molecular weights, polymer crystallinity, analysis of polymers using IR, XRD, thermal (DSC, DMTA, TGA), microscopic (optical and electronic) techniques.

1.1.16 Synthesis and properties Commodity and general purpose thermoplastics: PE, PP, PS, PVC, Polyesters, Acrylic, PU polymers. Engineering Plastics: Nylon, PC, PBT, PSU, PPO, ABS, Fluoropolymers Thermosetting polymers: PF, MF, UF, Epoxy, Unsaturated polyester, Alkyds. Natural and synthetic rubbers: Recovery of NR hydrocarbon from latex, SBR, Nitrile, CR, CSM, EPDM, IIR, BR, Silicone, TPE.

1.1.17 Polymer blends and composites

Difference between blends and composites, their significance, choice of polymers for blending, blend miscibility-miscible and immiscible blends, thermodynamics, phase morphology, polymer alloys, polymer eutectics, plastic-plastic, rubber-plastic and rubber-rubber blends, FRP, particulate, long and short fiber reinforced composites.

1.1.18 Polymer Technology

Polymer compounding-need and significance, different compounding ingredients for rubber and plastics, cross linking and vulcanization, vulcanization kinetics.

1.1.19 Polymer theology Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, different flow equations, dependence of shear modulus on temperature, molecular/segmental deformations at different zones and transitions. Measurements of rheological parameters by capillary rotating, parallel plate, cone-plate rheometer. viscoelasticity-creep and stress relaxations, mechanical models, control of rheological characteristics through compounding, rubber curing in parallel plate viscometer, ODR and MDR.

1.1.20 Polymer processing Compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, blow molding, reaction injection molding, extrusion, pultrusion, calendaring, rotational molding, thermoforming, rubber processing in two-roll mill, internal mixer.

1.1.21 Polymer testing

Mechanical-static and dynamic tensile, flexural, compressive, abrasion, endurance, fatigue, hardness, tear, resilience, impact, toughness. Conductivity-thermal and electrical, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, electric resistance, surface resistivity, volume resistivity, swelling, ageing resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance.

1.2 PHYSICS

1.2.1 Mathematical Physics Linear vector space; matrices; vector calculus; linear differential equations; elements of complex analysis; Laplace transforms, Fourier analysis, elementary ideas about tensors.

1.2.2 Classical Mechanics

Conservation laws; central forces, Kepler problem and planetary motion; collisions and scattering in laboratory and centre of mass frames; mechanics of system of particles; rigid body dynamics; moment of inertia tensor; noninertial frames and pseudo forces; variational principle; Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s formalisms; equation of motion, cyclic coordinates, Poisson bracket; periodic motion, small oscillations, normal modes; special theory of relativity – Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy equivalence.

1.2.3 Electromagnetic Theory Solution of electrostatic and magnetostatic problems including boundary value problems; dielectrics and conductors; Biot-Savart’s and Ampere’s laws; Faraday’s law; Maxwell’s equations; scalar and vector potentials; Coulomb and Lorentz gauges; Electromagnetic waves and their reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction and polarization. Poynting vector, Poynting theorem, energy and momentum of electromagnetic waves; radiation from a moving charge.

1.2.4 Quantum Mechanics Physical basis of quantum mechanics; uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; one, two and three dimensional potential problems; particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom; linear vectors and

operators in Hilbert space; angular momentum and spin; addition of angular moment; time independent perturbation theory; elementary scattering theory.

1.2.5 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Laws of thermodynamics; macrostates and microstates; phase space; probability ensembles; partition function, free energy, calculation of thermodynamic quantities; classical and quantum statistics; degenerate Fermi gas; black body radiation and Planck’s distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; first and second order phase transitions, critical point.

1.2.6 Atomic and Molecular Physics Spectra of one- and many-electron atoms; LS and jj coupling; hyperfine structure; Zeeman and Stark effects; electric dipole transitions and selection rules; X-ray spectra; rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic transition in diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon principle; Raman effect; NMR and ESR; lasers.

1.2.7 Solid State Physics Elements of crystallography; diffraction methods for structure determination; bonding in solids; elastic properties of solids; defects in crystals; lattice vibrations and thermal properties of solids; free electron theory; band theory of solids; metals, semiconductors and insulators; transport properties; optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of solids; elements of superconductivity.

1.2.8 Nuclear and Particle Physics Nuclear radii and charge distributions, nuclear binding energy, Electric and magnetic moments; nuclear models, liquid drop model - semi-empirical mass formula, Fermi gas model of nucleus, nuclear shell model; nuclear force and two nucleon problem; Alpha decay, Beta-decay, electromagnetic transitions in nuclei; Rutherford scattering, nuclear reactions, conservation laws; fission and fusion; particle accelerators and detectors; elementary particles, photons, baryons, mesons and leptons; quark model.

1.2.9 Electronics Network analysis; semiconductor devices; Bipolar Junction Transistors, Field Effect Transistors, amplifier and oscillator circuits; operational amplifier, negative feedback circuits , active filters and oscillators; rectifier circuits, regulated power supplies; basic digital logic circuits, sequential circuits, flip-flops, counters, registers, A/D and D/A conversion.

1.3 CHEMISTRY

1.3.1 Physical Chemistry Basic principles and applications of quantum mechanics – hydrogen atom, angular momentum, Variational and perturbational methods, Basics of atomic structure, electronic configuration, shapes of orbitals, hydrogen atom spectra, Theoretical treatment of atomic structures and chemical bonding, Chemical applications of group theory, Basic principles and application of spectroscopy – rotational, vibrational, electronic, Raman, ESR, NMR, Chemical thermodynamics, Phase equilibria, Statistical thermodynamics, Chemical equilibria, Electrochemistry – Nernst equation, electrode kinetics, electrical double layer, Debye-Hückel theory, Chemical kinetics – empirical rate laws, Arrhenius equation, theories of reaction rates, determination of reaction mechanisms, experimental techniques for fast reactions, Concepts of catalysis, Polymer chemistry. Molecular weights and their determinations. Kinetics of chain polymerization, Solids - structural classification of binary and ternary compounds, diffraction techniques, bonding, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties, Collides and surface phenomena, Data analysis.

1.3.2 Inorganic Chemistry Chemical periodicity, Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules, Concepts of acids and bases, Chemistry of the main group elements and their compounds. Allotropy, synthesis, bonding and structure, Chemistry of transition elements and coordination compounds – bonding theories, spectral and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms, Inner transition elements – spectral and magnetic properties, analytical applications, Organ metallic compounds - synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organ metallic’s in homogenous catalysis, Cages and metal clusters, Analytical chemistry- separation techniques. Spectroscopic electro- and thermo analytical methods, Bioinorganic chemistry – photo systems, porphyrines, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron- transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation, Physical characterization of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, UV-, NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques, Nuclear chemistry – nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques and activation analysis.

1.3.3 Organic Chemistry IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds, Principles of stereochemistry, conformational analysis, isomerism and chirality, Reactive intermediates and organic reaction mechanisms, Concepts of aromaticity, Pericyclic

reactions, Named reactions, Transformations and rearrangements, Principles and applications of organic photochemistry. Free radical reactions, Reactions involving nucleophotic carbon intermediates, Oxidation and reduction of functional groups, Common reagents (organic, inorganic and organ metallic) in organic synthesis, Chemistry of natural products such as steroids, alkaloids, terpenes, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids, Selective organic transformations–chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, stereo selectivity, enantioselectivity. Protecting groups, Chemistry of aromatic and aliphatic heterocyclic compounds, Physical characterization of organic compounds by IR, UV-, MS, and NMR.

1.3.4 Interdisciplinary topics Chemistry in nanoscience and technology, Catalysis and green chemistry, Medicinal chemistry, Supra-molecular chemistry, Environmental chemistry.

1.4 MATHEMATICS

1.4.1 Analysis

Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, Real number system as a complete ordered field, Archimedean property, supremum, infimum. Sequences and series, convergence, limsup, liminf. Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine Borel theorem. Continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem. Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence. Riemann sums and Riemann integral, Improper Integrals. Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral. Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial derivative, derivative as a linear transformation. Metric spaces, compactness, connectedness. Normed Linear Spaces. Spaces of Continuous functions as examples.

1.4.2 Linear Algebra Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear transformations. Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix representation of linear transformations. Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms, Jordan forms. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis. Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms.

1.4.3 Complex Analysis Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, Power series, transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations. Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open mapping theorem. Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues. Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations.

1.4.4 Algebra

Permutations, combinations, pigeon-hole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, derangements. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese Remainder Theorem, Euler’s Ø- function, primitive roots. Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem, class equations, Sylow theorems. Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal ideal domain, Euclidean domain. Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria. Fields, finite fields, field extensions.

1.4.5 Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs): Existence and Uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs. General theory of homogenous and non-homogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters, Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem, Green’s function.

1.4.6 Partial Differential Equations (PDEs): Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs. Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of higher order PDEs with constant coefficients, Method of separation of variables for Laplace, Heat and Wave equations.

1.4.7 Numerical Analysis Numerical solutions of algebraic equations, Method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method, Rate of convergence, Solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-Seidel methods, Finite differences, Lagrange, Hermite and spline interpolation, Numerical differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler, modified Euler and Runge-Kutta methods.

1.4.8 Calculus of Variations

Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Necessary and sufficient conditions for extreme. Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations.

1.4.9 Linear Integral Equations Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and Volterra type, Solutions with separable kernels. Characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions, resolvent kernel.

1.4.10 Classical Mechanics Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Hamilton’s principle and principle of least action, Two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Euler’s dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about an axis, theory of small oscillations.

1.4.11 Descriptive statistics exploratory data analysis Sample space, discrete probability, independent events, Bayes theorem. Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments. Independent random variables, marginal and conditional distributions. Characteristic functions. Probability inequalities (Tchebyshef, Markov, Jensen). Modes of convergence, weak and strong laws of large numbers, Central Limit theorems (i.i.d. case). Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behaviour of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution. Standard discrete and continuous univariate distributions. Sampling distributions. Standard errors and asymptotic distributions, distribution of order statistics and range. Methods of estimation. Properties of estimators. Confidence intervals. Tests of hypotheses: most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, Likelihood ratio tests. Analysis of discrete data and chi-square test of goodness of fit. Large sample tests. Simple nonparametric tests for one and two sample problems, rank correlation and test for independence. Elementary Bayesian inference. Gauss-Markov models, estimability of parameters, Best linear unbiased estimators, tests for linear hypotheses and confidence intervals. Analysis of variance and covariance. Fixed, random and mixed effects models. Simple and multiple linear regression. Elementary regression diagnostics. Logistic regression. Multivariate normal distribution, Wishart distribution and their properties. Distribution of quadratic forms. Inference for parameters, partial and multiple correlation coefficients and related tests. Data reduction techniques: Principle component analysis, Discriminant analysis, Cluster analysis, Canonical correlation. Simple random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling. Probability proportional to size sampling; ration and regression methods; completely randomized blocks and Latin square designs; connected complete and orthogonal block designs; BIBD 2K factional experiments; confounding and construction. Series and parallel systems, hazard function and failure rates, censoring and life testing. Linear programming problem. Simplex methods, duality. Elementary queuing and inventory models. Steady-state solutions of Markovian queuing models: M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited waiting space, M/M/C, M/M/C with limited waiting space, M/G/1.

1.5 BIOTECHNOLOGY

1.5.1 Microbiology

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Microbial nutrition, growth and control; Microbial metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic respiration, photosynthesis); Nitrogen fixation; Chemical basis of mutations and mutagens; Microbial genetics (plasmids, transformation, transduction, conjugation); Microbial diversity and characteristic features; Viruses.

1.5.2 Biochemistry Bimolecular and their conformation; Ramachandran map; Weak inter-molecular interactions in biomacromolecules; Chemical and functional nature of enzymes; Kinetics of single substrate and bi-substrate enzyme catalyzed reactions; Bioenergetics; Metabolism (Glycolysis, TCA and Oxidative phosphorylation); Membrane transport and pumps; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell signaling and signal transduction; Biochemical and biophysical techniques for macromolecular analysis.

1.5.3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; DNA replication and control; Transcription and its control; Translational processes; Regulatory controls in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Chromosomal variation; Population genetics; Transposable elements, Molecular basis of genetic diseases and applications.

1.5.4 Process Biotechnology Bioprocess technology for the production of cell biomass and primary/secondary metabolites, such as baker’s yeast, ethanol, citric acid, amino acids, exo-polysacharides, antibiotics and pigments etc.; Microbial production, purification and bioprocess application(s) of industrial enzymes; Production and purification of recombinant proteins on a large scale; Chromatographic and membrane based bioseparation methods; Immobilization of enzymes and cells and their application for bioconversion processes. Aerobic and anaerobic biological processes for stabilization of solid / liquid wastes; Bioremediation.

1.5.5 Bioprocess Engineering Kinetics of microbial growth, substrate utilization and product formation; Simple structured models; Sterilization of air and media; Batch, fed-batch and continuous processes; Aeration and agitation; Mass transfer in bioreactors; Rheology of fermentation fluids; Scale-up concepts; Design of fermentation media; Various types of microbial and enzyme reactors; Instrumentation in bioreactors.

1.5.6 Plant and Animal Biotechnology Special features and organization of plant cells; Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Plant products of industrial importance; Biochemistry of major metabolic pathways and products; Autotrophic and heterotrophic growth; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; Cell suspension culture development: methodology, kinetics of growth and production formation, nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites by plant suspension cultures; Hairy root cultures and their cultivation. Techniques in raising transgencies.

1.5.7 Characteristics of animal cells Metabolism, regulation and nutritional requirements for mass cultivation of animal cell cultures; Kinetics of cell growth and product formation and effect of shear force; Product and substrate transport; Micro & macro-carrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Live stock improvement; Cloning in animals; Genetic engineering in animal cell culture; Animal cell preservation.

1.5.8 Immunology The origin of immunology; Inherent immunity; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Primary and secondary lymphoid organ; Antigen; B and T cells and Macrophages; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation; Synthesis of antibody and secretion; Molecular basis of antibody diversity; Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; Complement; Antigenantibody reaction; Regulation of immune response; Immune tolerance; Hyper sensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction.

1.5.9 Recombinant DNA Technology Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors: plasmid, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, yeast artificial chromosome; CDNA and genomic DNA library; Gene isolation; Gene cloning; Expression of cloned gene; Transposons and gene targeting; DNA labeling; DNA sequencing; Polymerase chain reactions; DNA fingerprinting; Southern and northern blotting; In-situ hybridization; RAPD; RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; Gene transfer technologies; Gene therapy.

1.5.10 Bioinformatics Major bioinformatics resources (NCBI, EBI, ExPASy); Sequence and structure databases; Sequence analysis (biomolecular sequence file formats, scoring matrices, sequence alignment, phylogeny); Genomics and Proteomics (Large scale genome sequencing strategies; Comparative genomics; Understanding DNA microarrays and protein arrays); Molecular modeling and simulations (basic concepts including concept of force fields).

1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING/SCIENCE

1.6.1 Water requirements Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater, sludge disposal, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment Unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal.

1.6.2 Air Pollution

Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits.

1.6.3 Municipal Solid Wastes

Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle energy recovery, treatment and disposal).

1.6.3 Noise Pollution Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution.

1.6.4 Highway Planning Geometric design of highways, testing and specifications of paving materials, design of flexible and rigid pavements.

1.6.5 Traffic Engineering Traffic characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersection design, traffic signs and signal design, highway capacity.

1.7 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1.7.1 Digital Logic Logic functions, Minimization, Design and synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits; Number representation and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point).

1.7.2 Computer Organization and Architecture Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and data-path, CPU control design, Memory interface, I/O interface (Interrupt and DMA mode), Instruction pipelining, Cache and main memory, Secondary storage.

1.7.3 Programming and Data Structures Programming in C; Functions, Recursion, Parameter passing, Scope, Binding; Abstract data types, Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked Lists, Trees, Binary search trees, Binary heaps.

1.7.4 Algorithms Analysis, Asymptotic notation, Notions of space and time complexity, Worst and average case analysis; Design: Greedy approach, Dynamic programming, Divide-and-conquer; Tree and graph traversals, Connected components, Spanning trees, Shortest paths; Hashing, Sorting, Searching. Asymptotic analysis (best, worst, average cases) of time and space, upper and lower bounds, Basic concepts of complexity classes – P, NP, NP-hard, NP-complete.

1.7.5 Theory of Computation Regular languages and finite automata, Context free languages and Push-down automata, Recursively enumerable sets and Turing machines, Undecidability.

1.7.6 Compiler Design Lexical analysis, Parsing, Syntax directed translation, Runtime environments, Intermediate and target code generation, Basics of code optimization.

1.7.7 Operating System Processes, Threads, Inter-process communication, Concurrency, Synchronization, Deadlock, CPU scheduling, Memory management and virtual memory, File systems, I/O systems, Protection and security.

1.7.8 Databases ER-model, Relational model (relational algebra, tuple calculus), Database design (integrity constraints, normal forms), Query languages (SQL), File structures (sequential files, indexing, B and B+ trees), Transactions and concurrency control.

1.7.9 Information Systems and Software Engineering Information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and managing the project, design, coding, testing, implementation, maintenance.

1.7.10 Computer Networks ISO/OSI stack, LAN technologies (Ethernet, Token ring), Flow and error control techniques, Routing algorithms, Congestion control, TCP/UDP and sockets, IP(v4), Application layer protocols (icmp, dns, smtp, pop, ftp, http); Basic concepts of hubs, switches, gateways, and routers. Network security – basic concepts of public key and private key cryptography, digital signature, firewalls.

1.7.11 Web technologies HTML, XML, basic concepts of client-server computing.

1.7.12 Networks Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks.

1.7.13 Electronic Devices Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode, Basics of LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process.

1.7.14 Analog Circuits Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power supplies.

1.7.15 Digital circuits Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor(8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

1.7.16 Signals and Systems Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z-transform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems.

1.7.17 Control Systems Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems.

1.7.18 Communications Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM.

1.7.19 Electromagnetics

Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems, Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters, pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in

rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers. Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.

1.8 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

1.8.1 Engineering Mechanics Free body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion, including impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; impact.

1.8.2 Strength of Materials Stress and strain, stress-strain relationship and elastic constants, Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain, thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; strain energy methods; thermal stresses.

1.8.3 Theory of Machines Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanism; gear trains; flywheels.

1.8.4 Vibrations Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems; effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance, critical speeds of shafts.

1.8.5 Design Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints, shafts, spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches.

1.9 CIVIL ENGINEERING

1.9.1 Mechanics Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams. Simple stress and strain relationship: Stress and strain in two dimensions, principal stresses, stress transformation, Mohr’s circle. Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, unsymmetrical bending, shear centre. Thin walled pressure vessels, uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses.

1.9.2 Structural Analysis Analysis of statically determinate trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames, displacements in statically determinate structures and analysis of statically indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods, analysis by displacement methods (slope deflection and moment distribution methods), influence lines for determinate and indeterminate structures. Basic concepts of matrix methods of structural analysis.

1.9.3 Concrete Structures Concrete Technology- properties of concrete, basics of mix design. Concrete design- basic working stress and limit state design concepts, analysis of ultimate load capacity and design of members subjected to flexure, shear, compression and torsion by limit state methods. Basic elements of prestressed concrete, analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads.

1.9.4 Steel Structures

Analysis and design of tension and compression members, beams and beam- columns, column bases. Connections simple and eccentric, beam–column connections, plate girders and trusses. Plastic analysis of beams and frames.

1.9.5 Soil Mechanics Origin of soils, soil classification, three-phase system, fundamental definitions, relationship and interrelationships, permeability & seepage, effective stress principle, consolidation, compaction, shear strength.

1.9.6 Foundation Engineering Sub-surface investigations- scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, penetration tests, plate load test. Earth pressure theories, effect of water table, layered soils. Stability of slopes-infinite slopes, finite slopes. Foundation types-foundation design requirements. Shallow foundations-bearing capacity, effect of shape, water table and other factors, stress distribution, settlement analysis in sands & clays. Deep foundations–pile types, dynamic & static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands & clays, negative skin friction.

1.10 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1.10.1 Electric Circuits and Fields Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient response of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts; ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s, Norton’s and Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks, three phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions; Ampere’s and Biot-Savart’s laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance.

1.10.2 Signals and Systems Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and scaling operations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.

1.10.3 Electrical Machines Single phase transformer - equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers - connections, parallel operation; auto-transformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines - types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors - principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines - performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and stepper motors.

1.10.4 Power Systems Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance; cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts.

1.10.5 Control Systems Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors; Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state space model; state transition matrix, controllability and observability.

1.10.6 Electrical and Electronic Measurements Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis.

1.10.7 Analog and Digital Electronics

Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers - biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers - characteristics and applications; simple active filters; VCOs and timers; combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters; 8-bit microprocessor basics, architecture, programming and interfacing.

1.10.8 Power Electronics and Drives Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs – static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters - fully controlled and half controlled; principles of choppers and inverters; basis concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives.

1.10.9 Electrical and Electronic Measurements Bridges and potentiometers, measurement of R, L and C. Measurements of voltage, current, power, power factor and energy. A.C & D.C current probes. Extension of instrument ranges. Q-meter and waveform analyzer. Digital voltmeter and multi-meter. Time, phase and frequency measurements. Cathode ray oscilloscope. Serial and parallel communication. Shielding and grounding.

1.10.10 Control Systems and Process Control Feedback principles. Signal flow graphs. Transient Response, steady-state-errors. Routh and Nyquist criteria. Bode plot, root loci. Time delay systems. Phase and gain margin. State space representation of systems. Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components. Synchro pair, servo and step motors. On-off, cascade, P, P-I, P-I-D, feed forward and derivative controller, Fuzzy controllers.

1.10.11 Analytical, Optical and Biomedical Instrumentation Mass spectrometry. UV, visible and IR spectrometry. X-ray and nuclear radiation measurements. Optical sources and detectors, LED, laser, Photo-diode, photo-resistor and their characteristics. Interferometers, applications in metrology. Basics of fiber optics. Biomedical instruments, EEG, ECG and EMG. Clinical measurements. Ultrasonic transducers and Ultrasonography. Principles of Computer Assisted Tomography.

1.11. MANAGEMENT 1.11.1 Unit-I

Managerial Economics-Demand Analysis, Production Function, Cost-output relations, Market structures, Pricing theories, Advertising, Macro-economics, National Income concepts, Infrastructure-Management, and Policy, Business Environment, Capital Budgeting.

1.11.2 Unit II

The concept and significance of organizational behavior. Skills and roles in an organization; Classical Neo-classical and modern theories of organizational structure; Organizational design; Understanding and Managing individual behavior personality; Perception values attitudes Learning motivation; Understanding and managing group behavior; Process Inter personal and group dynamics; Communication leadership Managing change Managing conflicts; Organizational development.

1.11.3 Unit III

Concepts and perspectives in HRM; HRM in changing environment; Human resources planning objectives, process and techniques Job analysis Job description, Selecting human resources, Induction, training and development, exit policy and implications, performance appraisal and evaluation, potential assessment, job evaluation, wage determination, industrial relations and trade unions, dispute resolution and grievance management labour welfare and social security measures.

1.11.4 Unit IV

Financial management Nature and scope valuation concepts and valuation of securities capital budgeting decisions risk analysis; capital structure and cost of capital, dividend policy determinants, long term and short term financing instruments mergers and acquisitions.

1.11.5 Unit V Marketing environment and environment scanning; marketing information systems and marketing research; understanding consumer and industrial markets; demands measurement and forecasting; marketing segmentation targeting and positioning; product decisions; product mix, Product Life Cycle; New product development; Branding and Packaging; Pricing methods and strategies. Promotion decisions-Promotion mix; Advertising; Personal selling; Channel management; Vertical marketing systems; Evaluation and control of marketing effort; Marketing of services; Customer relation management; Uses of internet as a marketing medium-other related issues like branding. market development, Advertising and retailing on the net; New issues in Marketing.

1.11.6 Unit-VI Role and scope of production management; Facility location; Layout planning and analysis; Production planning and control-production process analysis; Demand forecasting for operations; Determinants of product mix; Production scheduling; Work measurement; Time and motion study; Statistical Quality Control. Role and scope of Operations Research; Linear Programming; Sensitivity analysis; Duality; Transportation model; Inventory control; queuing theory; Decision theory; Markov analysis; PERT/CPM.

1.11.7 Unit-VII

Probability theory; Probability distributions-Binomial. Poisson. Normal and Exponential; Correlation and Regression analysis; Sampling theory; Sampling distributions; Tests of Hypothesis; Large and small samples; t, z, F. Chi-square tests. Use of Computers in Managerial applications: Technology issues and Data processing in organizations; Information systems; MIS and Decision making; System analysis and design; Trends in Information Technology; Internet and Internet-based applications.

1.11.8 Unit-VIII

Concept of corporate strategy; Components of strategy formulation; Ansoff’s growth vector; BCG Model; Porter's generic strategies: Competitor analysis; Strategic dimensions and group mapping; Industry analysis; Strategies in industry evolution, fragmentation, maturity, and decline; Competitive strategy and corporate strategy; Transnationalization of world economy; Managing cultural diversity; Global Entry strategies; Globalization of financial system and services; Managing international business; Competitive advantage of nations; RTP and WTO.

1.11.9 Unit IX

Concepts – types, characteristics; Motivation; Competencies and its Development; Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Small business – concepts Government policy for promotion of small and tiny enterprises; Process of Business opportunity identification; Detailed business plan preparation; Managing small enterprises; Planning for growth; Sickness in Small Enterprises; Rehabilitation of sick enterprises; Entrepreneurship (organizational entrepreneurship).

1.11.10 Unit X Ethics and Management system; Ethical issues and analysis in management; Value based organizations; Personal framework for ethical choices; Ethical pressure on individual in organizations; Gender issues; Ecological consciousness; environmental ethics; Social responsibilities of business; Corporate governance and ethics.

1.12 ECONOMICS 1.12.1 Micro-economic Analysis

Demand analysis - Marshallian, Hicksian and Revealed preference approaches, Theory of Production and Costs Pricing and output under different forms of market structure Factor Pricing analysis, Elements of general equilibrium and new welfare economics

1.12.2 Macro-economic Analysis

Determination of output and employment - Classical approach! Keynesian approach! Consumption hypotheses, Demand for Money - Fisher and Cambridge versions! Approaches of Keynesian! Friedman! Patinkin, Baumol and Tobin, Supply of Money! Determinants of money supply! High-powered money, Money multiplier, Phillips Curve analysis, Business cycles - Models of Samuelson, Hicks and Kaldor. Macro-economic Equilibrium - Relative roles of monetary and fiscal policies.

1.12.3 Development and Planning

Economic Growth! Economic Development and sustainable Development - Importance of institutions - Government and markets - Perpetuation of underdevelopment - Vicious circle of poverty, circular causation, structural view of underdevelopment - Measurement of development conventional, HDI and quality of life indices Theories of Development - Classical, Marx and Schumpeter; Economic Growth Harrod-Domar model, instability of equilibrium, Neoclassical growth - Solow's model, steady state growth. Approaches to development: Balanced growth! Critical minimum effort, big push, unlimited supply of labour, unbalanced growth, low income equilibrium trap Indicators and measurement of poverty Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development choice of techniques and appropriate technology - Investment criteria - Elementary idea of cost-benefit analysis Trade and Aid International trade as 'engine of growth' - Globalization and LDC's Objectives and role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development Techniques of planning; Plan Models in India; planning in a market-oriented economy

1.12.4 Public Finance Role of the Government in Economic activity -r-r- Allocation, distribution and stabilization functions; Private, Public and Merit goods The Public Budgets - Kinds of Budgets, Zero-base budgeting, different concepts of budget deficits; Budgets of the Union Government in India Public Expenditure -' Hypotheses; effects and evaluation Public Revenue - Different approaches to the division of tax burden, incidence and effects of taxation; elasticity and buoyancy; taxable capacity Public Debt - Sources, effects, burden and its management Fiscal Federalism -Theory and problems; Problems of Centre-State Financial relations in India Fiscal Policy - Neutral and compensatory and functional finance; balanced budget multiplier

1.12.5 International Economics

Theories of International Trade: Empirical verification and Relevance International Trade under Imperfect competition Terms of Trade and Economic Growth - Secular Deterioration of Terms of Trade Hypothesis - a critical review Equilibrium/ disequilibrium in Balance of Payment - Traditional, Absorption and Monetary approaches for adjustment in the Balance of Payments, Foreign Trade multiplier Impact of Tariffs, Partial and general equilibrium analysis; Political economy of NonTariff Barriers Theory of regionalism at Global level- Collapse of Bretton-Wood System ~ Recent Monetary reforms Trade Policy and Reforms in Indi.

1.12.6 Indian Economy Basic Economic indicators - National income, performance of different sectors. Trends in prices and money supply, Agriculture - Institutional and technological aspects, new agricultural policy Industry - New industrial policy and liberalization Money and banking - Concepts of money supply, inflation, monetary policy and financial sector reforms Public finance - Trends in revenue and expenditures of the Central and

State Governments, Public debt; analysis of the Union Budget Foreign trade - Trends, Balance of payments and trade reforms Poverty, unemployment, migration and environment

1.12.7 Statistical Methods

Measures of Central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis Elementary theory of probability - Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions Simple correlation and regression analysis Statistical inferences - Applications, sampling distributions (t, X2 an d F tests) , sampling of attributes, testing of Hypothesis Index numbers and time series analysis Sampling and census methods, types of sampling and errors.

1.13 MASS COMMUNICATION 1.13.1 Unit I

Communication and Jourrialism - Basic terms, Concepts and definition, Nature and process; Types of Communication; Mass communication-Nature of media and content; Mass comrnunication in India-Reach, access and nature of audience.

1.13.2 Unit II Role of media in society; Characteristics of Indian society-Demographic and sociological impact of media in general; Impact of media on specific audiences - Women, children, etc.; Mass media effects studies and their limitations; Mass campaigns for specific issues-Social concerns, environment, human rights, gender equality; The press, radio, television, cinema and traditional form of communication.

1.13.3 Unit III

Journalism as a profession; Journalists-Their role and responsibilities; Indian Constitution and freedom of press; Research restrictions; Ethics and journalism; Careers in Journalism and mass media; Training-Problems, perception and response by the Industry; Media management-Principles and practices; Professional organizations in Media; Media Laws in India .

1.13.4 Unit-IV

History of Print and Broadcast media in general with particular reference to India; Post-independent developments in print; Newspapers-English and Indian language; press-major landmarks; Magazines-Their role, book phase and contemporary situation; Small newspapers-Problems and prospects; Press Commission, Press Councils-Their recommendations and status; Development of Radio after independence-Extension role; Radio rural forums and local broadcasting-General and specific audience programmes; Development of television-Perception, initial development and experimental approach; SITE phase and evaluation; Expansion of television-Post-Asiad phase, issues concerns and debates over a period of time; Committees in broadcasting-Background, recommendations and implementation; Cinema - Historical overview and contemporary analysis-Commercial, parallel and documentary genres-Problems and prospects for the film industry.

1.13.5 Unit V

Communication and theories of social change; Role of media in social change-Dominant paradigms; Critique of the Dominant paradigm and alternative conception; Development initiatives-State, market and the third force (NGO sector); Participatory approaches and community media - Ownership and management perspectives. Unit-VI Introduction of research methods and process; Mass communication research-Historical overview; Administrative and critical traditions; Effects research-Strengths and limitations; Communication research in India-Landmark studies related to SITE; Content analysis-Quantitative and qualitative approaches; Market research and its relationship to Communication particularly advertising; Sampling techniques-Strengths and limitations; Statistical methods of analysis basics.

1.13.6 Unit VI Colonial structures of communication; Decolonisation and aspirations of nations; Conflicts related to media coverage and representation, International news agencies – Critique; MacBride Commission-Recommendations and policy options; Contemporary issues related to transnational broadcasting and its impact on culture, various perspectives and cultural impact; Convergence of media-Problems and options; Media Policies in an International Context; India's position and approach to international communication issues.

1.13.7 Unit VlII Radio & TV and Video as Media of Communication; Grammar of TV & Radio and Video; The production team; Role of Producer; Different types of programmes; Writing for Radio; Writing for TV – Researching for

Scripts; The Visual Language; Camera Movements; Basic Theories of Composition-Cues and Commands; Formats for Radio-Television-News. Sitcoms, Features, Commercials, Operas, Documentaries, Cinema, Theatre, Drama; Editing Theory and Practice; Sound Design, Microphones, Sets and Lighting; Satellite, Cable television, Computers, Microchips.

1.13.8 Unit IX Advertising; Marketing; Ad copy and Layout; Public Relations; Public Opinion; Propaganda.

1.13.9 Unit X The Techniques; Different forms of writing; Printing Technology and Production methods; News agencies Syndicates and Freelancing; Specialised areas of Journalism.

1.14 LAW 1.14.1 Constitution of India

Preamble – significance, importance, relations with DPSP, declaration and objectives of state, place in interpretation of constitution- Citizenship – Fundamental Rights – Directive Principles of State Policy – The Union, Executive, President – Legislative powers of the President – The State, Executive, Governor – Parliament – Legislative powers of the Governor – The Union Judiciary – High Courts and Subordinate Courts – Tax – Services under Union and States – Languages – Emergency provisions – Legislative Relations – Centre-State Relations – Administrative Relations – Trade and Commerce.

1.14.2 Administrative law

Nature scope and importance of Administrative law, Principles of Natural Justice, Administrative discretion and its control, judicial review of Administrative action-writ jurisdiction, Lokpal and Lokyukta.

1.14.3 Law of Crimes

Nature and definition of offence, General exceptions, Common intention and common object, Criminal attempt, conspiracy, abetment.

1.14.4 Criminal Procedure Code Constitution and hierarchy of criminal, Functionaries under the code, Classification of offence, Investigation, Security for keeping peace, Maintenance of wife, children and parents, Elements of fair trail , Bail , Trial, Judgment , Appeal.

1.14.5 CPC Main features – concept of law, Jurisdiction, Place of suing, Procedure during hearing, Affidavit, Suits in particular cases, General principles of execution, Appeals from original decrees, Limitation.

1.14.6 Company Law Company, Promoter, Shares, Share capital, Borrowing, directors, Winding up, Social Responsibility of Companies, Competition law

1.15 School of Languages and Culture (Ph.D English Entrance Syllabus)

1.15.1 Chaucer to Shakespeare 1.15.2 Jacobean to Restoration Periods 1.15.3 Augustan Age: 18th Century Literature 1.15.4 Romantic Age 1.15.5 Victorian Age 1.15.6 Modern Age 1.15.7 Contemporary Period 1.15.8 American and other non – British Literatures 1.15.9 Literary Theory and Criticism 1.15.10 Indian literature 1.16 School of Pharmacy (Entrance Syllabus)

1.16.1 Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Absorptiometric assay of Organic Compounds, Structural Analysis. Theory and instrumentation, of

the following: IR, NMR and Mass Spectrometry, Optical Rotatory Dispersion, H.P.L.C, HPTLC, GC and hyphenated

techniques (LC-MS), TGA, DTA, DSC and XRD.

Structure Activity relationships, mechanism of action and synthesis for following class of drugs:

Antimicrobial and Antiviral agents, Antimalarial, Anticancer, Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory agents,

Antidiabetics, Cardiovascular and Antifertility agents. Basic concepts of drug design with reference to

physicochemical parameters related to ligand and receptor design, QSARbasics like Hansch approach.

Basics of stereochemistry including enantiomers, diastereomers, resolution, meso compounds, configuration

and its specifications including sequence rule. Reaction Mechanism and principles of Oxidation, Reduction,

Aliphatic and Aromatic nucleophillic and Electrophilic substitutions, Addition, Elimination and Rearrangement

reactions.

1.16.2 Pharmacology

Screening for the pharmacological activity of new substances with emphasis on evaluation using in-vivo,

in-vitro, ex-vivo, in-situ, in silico toxicity evaluation and other possible animal alternative models. General

Pharmacology, Neurohumoral transmission in CNS and ANS, Autacoid Pharmacology

1.16.3 Pharmacognosy

Biosynthetic pathway of phytoconstituents. Approaches for enhancement of production of metabolites like plant

tissue culture. Plant hormones-Growth regulators and inhibitors. Biological sources, method of preparation,

active constituents, of antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, antibacterial and anticancer drugs. Drugs

derived from Natural resources, Cosmeceuticals, poisonous, teratogenic and hallucinogenic Plants,

phytonutrients. Fundamentals involved in Physical, Chemical and Biological evaluation of crude drugs.

Monograph preparation of herbal drugs and standard tests involved thereof.

1.16.4 Pharmaceutics

Preformulation (Physical, Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Characteristics of Medicinal Agent). Stability Testing

and Dating. Diffusion and Dissolution.

Product Development Approaches for the Conventional Dosage Form (Tablet, Capsule, Sustained Release

Formulation, Injectables, and Ointment).

Fundamentals, Basic Concepts and Approaches involved in Newer Drug Delivery Systems. Biopharmaceutics:

Biopharmaceutical Consideration in drug product Design (Factors influencing Dosage Form Design, Drug

Dissolution & Bioavailability. Rate-limiting steps in Bioavailability). Bioavailability Assessment and Bioequivalence

Studies.

Pharmacokinetics: Principle, Basic concept and Characteristics of Compartment Models. Nonlinear (Dose

dependent) Pharmacokinetics.