Switch Stp

8/13/2019 Switch Stp

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Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) uses Spanning Tree Algorithm to avoid

the Switching loops in layer-2 devices (bridges or switches).

STP works when multiple switches are used with redundant links avoiding

Broadcast Storms, Multiple Frame Copies & Database instability.

First Developed By DEC

STP is a open standard (IEEE 802.1D)

Spanning Tree Protocol


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Switch D


Root :B

Root :A

Root :C

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00003Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002

Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001

Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003

FA0/23

Switch C

Switch A

FA0/24

FA0/24

FA0/23 FA0/24

FA0/23

I'm the RootI'm the Root

I'm the Root

Switch B


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Root :B

Root :A

Root :C

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00003Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002

Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001


Switch B

Switch C

Switch A

I'm the Root

Because MYID is Lesser

I'm the NotRoot BecauseB ID is Lesser

B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002

Root :B

FA0/23FA0/24

FA0/24

FA0/23 FA0/24

FA0/23


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Switch D


Root :B

Root :A

Root :B

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002

Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001


Switch B

Switch C

Switch A

A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001

Root :ARoot :A

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001

FA0/23FA0/24

FA0/24

FA0/23 FA0/24

B is not RootBecause A ID

is Lesser

I'm the NotRoot Because

A ID Is Lesser


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Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001


Switch BSwitch C

Switch A

Root :A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001

Root :ARoot :A

Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001


Speed 100 Mbps

Root Port

D P

or t

D P

o r t

Non D. Port

X

FA0/23FA0/24

FA0/24

FA0/23 FA0/24

FA0/23

Root PortD Port


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BPDU

All switches exchange information through what is called as Bridge

Protocol Data Units (BPDUs)BPDUs contain a lot of information to help the switches determine the

topology and any loops that result from that topology.

BPDUs are sent every 2 sec

Bridge ID

Each switch has a unique identifier called a Bridge ID or Switch ID

Bridge ID = Priority + MAC address of the switch

When a switch advertises a BPDU , they place their switch id in theseBPDUs.

STP Terminology


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Root Bridge

The bridge with the Best (Lowest) ID.

Out of all the switches in the network , one is elected as a rootbridge that becomes the focal point in the network.

Non-Root bridge

All Switches other than the Root Bridge are Non-Root Bridges

STP Terminology


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Designated port

Either a port On a root bridge or a port that has been

determined as having the best (lower) cost.A designated port will always in Forward Mode

Root port

The link directly connected to the root bridge, or the

shortest path to the root bridge.

Priority and Alternatives if Conflict occurred.

Root port with the least cost (Speed) connecting to the root bridge.

The bridge with the Best (Lowest) Switch ID.

Lowest Physical Port Number.

Only One root port will Be in Bridge or switch.

Non Designated port

All the Port or ports which are blocked by STP to avoid switching loop.

A Non Designated port Will Always in Blocked Mode.

STP Terminology


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Disable - No Limits.

Blocking - 20 Sec Or No Limits.

Listening - 15 Sec.

Learning - 15 Sec.

Forwarding - No Limits.

Switch - Port States


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VTP is a CISCO proprietary protocol

used to share the VLAN configurations with multiple switches.

Information will be passed only if switches connected with

FastEthernet or higher ports.

Note: Switches Should be configure with same Domain Name.

Domain Names are not Case sensitive.

Virtual LAN Trunking Protocol


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VTP Mode are of three types : Server Mode

A Switch configured in Server mode can Add , Modifyand Delete VLANs

A Default VTP mode for all switches Client Mode

A switch configured in Client mode cannot Add , Modify andDelete its VLAN configurations

Doesnt store its VLAN configuration information in theNVRAM. Instead , learns it from the server every time itboots up

Transparent Mode

A switch configured in a Transparent Mode can Add ,Modify and Delete VLAN configurations. Changes in one

transparent switch will not affect any other switch.

VTP Modes


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Advertisement Request

Subset Advertisement

Summary Advertisement


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VLAN Trunking Protocol Configuration

MarketingVlan no. 6

SalesVlan no. 5

192.168.20.1 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.3

MarketingVlan no. 6

SalesVlan no. 5

192.168.20.4 192.168.20.5 192.168.20.6 Fa0/24

Fa0/24

VTP Server

VTP Client


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Cisco Property Protocol.

CDP is enable by default in All Cisco Networking Devices.

CDP Advertisement are send through all the ports by default.

CDP Advertisement are send every 60 second.

Advertisement are send via multicast.


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Once the Layer 1 is Active CDP Sends the information to its neighbor.

It can be used for Layer 1, layer 2, layer 3 troubleshooting.Information

Logical Address (if define).

Hostname (given by hostname command).

Hardware Platform.

IOS Version.Interface Type and Interface Number of local and remote device connected.

Advantages Of CDP


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CDP Can be used only between Cisco Devices.

Information about only directly connected neighbors can be known.

Can be used to troubleshoot only between two Cisco devices not any other

like Pc To switch.

Disadvantages Of CDP


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switch65# Config terminalswitch65(config)# vtp domain zoomswitch65(config)#switch65(config)#

vtp mode servervtp password cisco

switch65(config)# ^zswitch65# show vtp status

switch65(config)# vtp pruning

VTP Version : 2Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 64Number of existing VLANs : 7VTP Operating Mode : ServerVTP Domain Name : zoomVTP Pruning Mode : EnabledVTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0xE4 0x74 0xA1 0xA3 0x21 0x8D 0xF1 0xB0Configuration last modified by 192.168.20.65 at 3-1-93 01:13:25Local updater ID is 192.168.20.65 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)

VTP Configuration 2950 SeriesSwitch(config)# VTP Domain Switch(config)# VTP Password Switch(config)# VTP Mode Switch(config)# VTP pruning

VTP Configuration 2900 Series

Switch# VLAN DatabaseSwitch(VLAN)# VTP Domain Switch(VLAN)# VTP Password Switch(VLAN)# VTP Mode Switch(VLAN)# VTP pruning


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Vtp clientswitch75# Config terminalswitch75(config)# vtp domain zoomswitch75(config)#switch75(config)#

vtp mode Clientvtp password cisco

switch75(config)# ^zswitch75# show vtp status

switch75(config)# vtp pruning

VTP Version : 2Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 64Number of existing VLANs : 7VTP Operating Mode : ClientVTP Domain Name : zoomVTP Pruning Mode : EnabledVTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0xE4 0x74 0xA1 0xA3 0x21 0x8D 0xF1 0xB0Configuration last modified by 192.168.20.65 at 3-1-93 01:13:25Local updater ID is 192.168.20.65 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)


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cdp2s24# show cdp neighbors detail-------------------------Device ID: HYDEntry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.4.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/4, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 131 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by sraniadvertisement version: 1-------------------------Device ID: s50

Entry address(es):IP address: 192.168.20.50Platform: cisco WS-C2950T-24, Capabilities: Switch IGMPInterface: FastEthernet0/24, Port ID (outgoing port): FastEthernet0/24Holdtime : 177 sec--More--


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cdp3Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(12c)EA1,RELEASE SOFTWA (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Sun 24-Nov-02 23:31 by antoninoadvertisement version: 2Protocol Hello: OUI=0x00000C, Protocol ID=0x0112; payloadlen=27, value=000000FFFFFFFF010221FF000000000000000BFDFE9800FF0000

VTP Management Domain: zoom' Native VLAN: 1Duplex: full-------------------------Device ID: AgraEntry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.8.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/8, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 174 secVersion :-- More --


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Cdp4Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythw

advertisement version: 2Duplex: half-------------------------Device ID: SIMLAEntry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.10.150

Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities:Interface: FastEthernet0/10, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 141 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.0(9), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 24-Jan-00 21:19 by bettyladvertisement version: 1

--More--


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Cdp5-------------------------Device ID: BombayEntry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.5.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/5, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 135 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by sraniadvertisement version: 1-------------------------Device ID: suratEntry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.6.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/6, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 158 sec

-- More--


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cdp6Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythwadvertisement version: 2Duplex: half-------------------------Device ID: CHEEntry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.7.150Platform: cisco 2520, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/7, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 173 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythwadvertisement version: 2Duplex: half--More--


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cdp7Device ID: sriEntry address(es):IP address: 192.168.11.150

Platform: cisco 2611, Capabilities: Router

Interface: FastEthernet0/18, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0/0Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.0(7)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 07-Dec-99 02:12 by phanguye-------------------------Device ID: delEntry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.9.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/9, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by sraniadvertisement version: 1


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cdp8s24# show cdp interface fa 0/24 FastEthernet0/24 is up, line protocol is upEncapsulation ARPASending CDP packets every 60 seconds

Holdtime is 180 seconds


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chennai#

chennai#

Global CDP information:Sending CDP packets every 60 secondsSending a holdtime value of 180 seconds

Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route BridgeS - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater

Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDBan Ser 0 145 R 2509 Ser 1Hyd Ser 1 141 R 2500 Ser 0S50 Eth 0 124 S I WS-C2950T-Fas 0/2

show cdp

show cdp neighbors


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Cdp r 2chennai# show cdp neighbors detail-------------------------Device ID: s50Entry address(es):

IP address: 192.168.20.50Platform: cisco WS-C2950T-24, Capabilities: Switch IGMPInterface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): FastEthernet0/2Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS - C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(12c), RELEASE SOFTWARCopyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.-------------------------Device ID: banEntry address(es):

IP address: 11.0.0.2Platform: cisco 2509, Capabilities: RouterInterface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 121 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARECopyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.

-- More --


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Cdp r 3`Device ID: hydEntry address (es):

IP address: 10.0.0.1Platform: Cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: Serial1, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0Hold time : 175 secVersion :Cisco Internet work Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

show cdp interfaceEthernet0 is up, line protocol is upEncapsulation ARPASending CDP packets every 60 secondsHold time is 180 seconds

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up

Encapsulation HDLCSending CDP packets every 60 secondsHold time is 180 seconds

Serial1 is up, line protocol is upEncapsulation HDLCSending CDP packets every 60 seconds

chennai#

Switch Stp

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