swisstopo nagra.nwmo BGR
Transcript of swisstopo nagra.nwmo BGR
swisstopo nagra.nwmo BGRUNIVERSITÉ
^ PARIS r slo
Comparative study of methods for estimating a
permeability profile across the Opalinus Clay at the
Mont Terri rock laboratory (DB Experiment)Faire avancer la sûreté nucléaire
25th Earth Science Meeting Caen
October 26th 2016
C. Yu, M. Al Reda, J.-M. Matray, G. Berthe, J. Gonçalvès, D. Jaeggi
Context of the study
| The Deep Borehole (DB) experiment■ Drilling of a 250 m deep inclined borehole and installation of a
multipacker system (7 double packer intervals with P and T sensors)
■ Goal: develop and validate a methodology for assessing the
containment properties of a thick argillaceous unit using the
Opalinus Clay as an example.
□□□□□n□□■□□□□□n□
Alsace Molasse
Reuchenette Formation
Courgenay Formation
Vellerat Formation
St-Ursanne Formation
Baerschwil Formation
Ifenthal Formation
Hauptrogenstein
Passwang Formation
Opalinus Clay
Staffelegg Formation
Klettgau Formation
Bànkerjoch Fomation
Sctiinznach Formation
Zeglingen Formation
Kaiseraugst Formation
Permo-Cartonifenous sédiments ?
Basement undifferentiated
NNW
m. a. s. I
SSE
/Thrust planes
(adapted from Nussbaum et al., 2017)
25th Earth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016 iRsn
Permeability évaluation at different scales of investigation
| Methods based on pore structure model, Darcy’s law combined to Poiseuille law, poro-elastic deformation due to tidal load, interpretation of the pressure response to an hydraulic load (in situ test or laboratory scale permeameter)
| Different sample volumes => interrogation on the results comparability
Petrophysical mesurements
In situ hydraulic tests and permeameter tests
Pressure time series and tidal identificationBDB-1 4
V> 20
LO 10
0.5 1 1.5 2.5Dimensional frequencies [sA{-1}] x10'6
25th Earth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016 iRsn
Petrophysical model
Density
PDeduced from chlorinity data (Unesco, 1980)
Grain density
PsHe pycnometry
and XRD
Dynamic viscosity
PDeduced from T and P
measurements (Mercer et al. 1975)
Hydraulic conductivity
pkgK =
P
Half pore size
b =
Intrinsic permeability
b2k = 3F
(Kostek et al., 1992; Pape et al.,
1999)
Specific surface ' area
AsBET and BJH
Ps-As^X (Neuzil and
Provost; 2009)
Formation factor F = M~m
(Archie, 1942; Revil and Leroy, 2004)
Computed
Experimentally determined or fitted with experimental data
Connected porosity
Water loss at 105 °C and density
measurements
Cementation factor
mBetween 2 and 3 for clayrocks (Mazurek
et al., 2009)
25th Earth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016 iRsn
Intrinsic permeability and hydraulic conductivity
Intrinsic permeability [m2] 1E-22 1E-200 _|__ I_I......... ..... I_I........ ...... I_I......... ..... I_I_L
Hauptrogenstein
50
■oA3CD
100oeuo_Qeu
PasswangFm
150
Eo
euucA3
4->co
200
250
i A » ♦A' 4
A HIII» i[ALI ii ♦ iïï •' A » ♦ " • ' i A | m\
^^^OPA Sandyi t.i f.rr
I A 'IlAl OPA Shaly
OPA SandyOPA Carb.-rich
i A » ♦ u • i|------'------"------1 OPA Shaly
Staffelegg
Main fault
t'"A« '♦Fm m = 2 m = 2.5 m = 3
Hydraulic conductivity [m s-1]1E-15 1E-14 1E-13 1E-120 -I__ I_I............ I_I............ I_I............ I_I_L
„ 50
■oA3eu
_euoeuo
_Q
100Passwang 1----- 11----- 11----- 1Fm
I I 11 HH | A' ' ' • i 1111111—h
150
Eo
euucA3
4->CO
200
Hauptrogenstein
I A ' ♦An 4
A I ♦ II An ♦
1—AI" I f|l fl—#-i JIM IIi------ 1------ 1------ 1 OPA Sandy■ ' f If >
i A » A OPA Shaly
m—A1 I MA1 1 OPA SandyOPA Carb.- i------ «-----rich i a m
i a ■ AOPA Shaly
250 Staffelegg A <rFm m = 2 m = 2.5 m = 3
25th Earth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016 iRsn
Nor
mal
ized
P an
d dPIn situ hydraulîc tests
| Numerical interprétation using nSIGHTS and MultiSIM
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hydraulic test resultsHydraulic conductivity [m s-1]
14 1E-13 1E-12 1E-11 1E-10 1E-09 1E-08 1E-07
• 1-- H
Pas>swang Fm• K Pulse withdrawal tests
K constant rate withdrawal tests
• K hydraulic tests (sequence)----- flhfl— OPA Sandy/
H-----
•
H
-fl
»
*
OPA Shaly ■
m CL
CL
O O
A Sandy/A Carbon ate-rich Sandy1 J
. Amr\ A
OPA - Shaly ■
1 \R»*
Sta ?legg Fm A AW ■
\rsuEarth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016
Comparison with littérature data
Compilation of K-values obtained by in situ hydraulic tests Shaly facies versus sandy facies (not affected by the EDZ)
16
14
_ 12CO
CD10
fC
8
Définition of classes:
Range 1E-13 corresponds to K- values from 1.0 E-13 to 1.9 E-13
eu_QEc
6
4
2
0
□ Sandy facies - BDB-1
□ Shaly facies - BDB-1
□ Sandy facies - previous studies
□ Shaly facies - previous studies
Lnt't't't'tttttnnnnoinnnnNfMNNNNNN
o NrotmvONCOO NntinvONOOO' N M t in VO S CO
K, hydraulic conductivity [m s-1]
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Water and gas permeability in Hassler Cell
| Steady state method
| Darcy’s law-based formulak =2 ^
app s(PÏ - P|)
_ 1 kg = fi. kapp. + kapp
Klinkenberg correction for gas slippage
(no correction for liquid permeability)
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of permeameter testsHydraulic conductivity [m s-1]
14 1E-13 1E-12 1E-11 1E-10
Passwrang Fm
From t<l
K Hassler cell (perp.)
K Hassler cell (par.)
_____________________________Covered with
' . epoxy resin
_
OPA - Sandy i!!!1
:tr___ J O
11111
♦ ♦i
OPA - Shaly
1
" -l1
.. J
O 1
♦
OPA - SandyOPA - Carbotia\e ri ch Sandy
OPA - Shaly
“ "
♦-
♦K =
kp-
/i
Staffe?leg< Fm77
Earth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016 iRsn
Dim
ensi
onal
RM
S sp
ectru
m [b
ars]
Spectral analysis on pore pressure time series
| Models based on the bulk deformation effects due to earth tides in the poroelastic water-filled porous medium
| Specific storage (Bredehoeft, 1967):ç _ |Ae|
jAftj
|Ae|= 2^10-8 m3/m3 Amplitude of the volumetric strain fluctuations
related to the M2 semi-diurnal earth tide (Melchior, 1978)
EwSsB| Effective dynamic porosity (Jacob, 1940): O dyna —
Vertical effective hydraulic conductivity (Boldt-Leppin et al., 2003)
pg
f^Ampl. p n (z±-Z2)JM2 — JM2 -1(/M2)
n (Z1-Z2)
ln Azi^fM2
Ln Az^fM2
2
Dimensional frequencies
Computed using MUSTAT (Bailly et al., 2014)
25th Earth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016
' - SS(fM2 ^ yl [A^/M2)J
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Spectral analysis results97.3 m 0 m
Data from 01/09/2014 to 10/03/2015188 165145115 100
3Sf. Fm. OPA Pw. Fm. H
I1 I2 I2-3 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7
Ah (cm) 0.852 1.73 1.86 1.28 1.73 1.70 1.32 0.649
Ss (m-1) 2.35-E-06 1.16E-06 1.08E-06 1.28E-06 1.73E-06 1.70E-06 1.53E-06 3.08E-06
I1 vs I2 I2 vs I2-3 I2-3 vs I3 I3 vs I4 I4 vs I5 I5 vs I6 I6 vs I7
^dyna 0.09 0.24 0.11 1-33 0.12 0.08 039
^water loss 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.10 0.14 0.12 0.14
Am.pl.Ky 4.78-E-08 2.50E-06 1.40E-07 2.88E-07 5.66E-05 6.38E-07 3.89E-08
s-Ky 7.17^E-07 1.02E-05 3.32E-06 5.81E-06 4.11E-06 1.80E-05 7.33E-08
| Consistent values for spécifie storage and effective porosity
| Method unappropriate to estimate hydraulic conductivity (overestimation of several orders of magnitude)
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asurements comparison
14 1E-13Hydraulic conductivity [m s-1]
1E-12 1E-11 1E-10 1E-09 1E-08 1E-07
♦ A
♦• >
Passwang
OPA - Sandy
OPA - Shaly
Fm
a K petrophysical model, m=2
A K petrophysical model, variable m
• K Pulse withdrawal tests
K constant rate withdrawal tests
• K hydraulic tests (sequence)
• K Hassler cell (perp.)
O K Hassler cell (par.)
A-+ OPA - S
I- k a\ I1 Aa 1
andy
OPA - Carbonate-rich
OPA - Shaly
Sandy
Staffelegg Fm*
Earth Science Meeting - Caen - October 26th 2016 iRsn
Conclusions and outlook
| Global consistency between the results obtained from BDB-1 borehole and data acquired at the rock laboratory level.
| Order of magnitude for OPA permeability ~10-13 - 10-12 m s-1, with higher values in the shaly facies compared to the sandy facies. No clear difference is highlighted by numerical interpretation of hydraulic tests in the fault zone.
| Tidal analysis is unappropriate to compute hydraulic conductivity in this study but gives consistent values for specific storage and effective porosity.
| The acquisition of advective transport parameters will enable a future fluid flow modelling accounting for coupled transport processes.
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