Swine Postmortem Techniques for Grow-Finish Objectives for ...
Transcript of Swine Postmortem Techniques for Grow-Finish Objectives for ...
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Swine Postmortem Techniques for Grow-Finish
Iowa Pork Regional Conferences
February 19-23, 2007
Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary Medicine
Objectives for this sessionObjectives for this sessionUse images to review stepUse images to review step--byby--step procedures for step procedures for necropsy procedurenecropsy procedure
Identify gross abnormalities of respiratory (lungs) Identify gross abnormalities of respiratory (lungs) and enteric systems (digestive track)and enteric systems (digestive track)
Understand the collection of appropriate tissue Understand the collection of appropriate tissue specimens for diagnostic investigationspecimens for diagnostic investigation
Provide diagnostic tips and comments for achieving Provide diagnostic tips and comments for achieving maximum value from diagnostic lab submissionsmaximum value from diagnostic lab submissions
Reflect front and rear legs
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Make a tab of skin beginning under the mandibles
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Pull up on the tab and reflect skin while cutting through the sternum.
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Locate ileocecocolic junction
cecum
Colon
ileum
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Identify the ileocecocolic junction
String out the small intestine by cutting the mesentery
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Large on the left
Normal Ulcerated
Severe stomach ulcers
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Normal
Blood clot
Thickened, irritated small intestine
Normal
Thickened Intestine
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Porcine EnteritisPorcine EnteritisNursery and GrowNursery and Grow--FinishFinish
IleumIleum: Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm : Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm sections fixedsections fixedJejunumJejunum: Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 : Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm sections fixedcm sections fixedCecum and colonCecum and colon: Entire organ or two 10 cm : Entire organ or two 10 cm segments of the spiral colon fresh/chilled, four 1 cm segments of the spiral colon fresh/chilled, four 1 cm pieces fixedpieces fixedLesionsLesions: 10 cm segment fresh, several pieces fixed: 10 cm segment fresh, several pieces fixedFecesFeces: 10 ml chilled: 10 ml chilledMesenteric lymph nodeMesenteric lymph node: Fresh and fixed: Fresh and fixedLiverLiver: : ¼¼ of organ fresh, 3 slices fixedof organ fresh, 3 slices fixedStomachStomach: Examine for and submit lesions: Examine for and submit lesions
1 cm sections for histopath
jejunum
ileum
cecum
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Thickened small intestinal mucosa in a case of PCV2-associated enteritis
Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes
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NurseryNursery--Finisher Enteritis Finisher Enteritis Sampling Tips and CommentsSampling Tips and Comments
Collect intestines after all other organ samples are Collect intestines after all other organ samples are collected to avoid fecal contaminationcollected to avoid fecal contaminationPackage small intestines separate from large, Package small intestines separate from large, package GI tissues separate from all other tissuespackage GI tissues separate from all other tissuesSamples must be taken within minutes of death to Samples must be taken within minutes of death to minimize autolysis of villiminimize autolysis of villiFlush intestinal contents out of histopath sections Flush intestinal contents out of histopath sections and expose mucosa to formalinand expose mucosa to formalinIn cases of necrotic enteritis, submit necrotic In cases of necrotic enteritis, submit necrotic segments and adjacent nonsegments and adjacent non--necrotic segmentsnecrotic segments
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Porcine PneumoniaPorcine PneumoniaBrain: Brain: ½½ fresh/chilled and fresh/chilled and ½½ fixedfixedUpper respiratory tractUpper respiratory tract•• Swab of turbinateSwab of turbinate•• Swab of bronchusSwab of bronchus•• Turbinate scroll fixedTurbinate scroll fixed
LungLung•• Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid if PRRSV VI requestedBronchoalveolar lavage fluid if PRRSV VI requested•• Entire side with no holes or generous portion (10 cm Entire side with no holes or generous portion (10 cm
cube) with lesion submitted freshcube) with lesion submitted fresh•• Five 1 cm slices formalinFive 1 cm slices formalin--fixedfixed……see mapsee map
Tracheobronchial lymph node: Tracheobronchial lymph node: ½½ fresh, fresh, ½½ fixedfixedTonsil: Tonsil: ½½ fresh and fresh and ½½ fixedfixed
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Nasal swabs can be taken from live or euthanized pigs. Use appropriate swabs (viral or bacterial) and get sample from the middle region of the nasal turbinate.
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A hack saw is used to cut the snout for a transverse view
Septal deviation
Turbinate atrophy
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Necropsy approach in a finisher pig with respiratory disease
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Ventral approach
Lateral approach
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View of the carcass after removal of sternum and ventral abdominal skin and cracking the ribs back
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View of the carcass on which a lateral approach was used and sets of 2-3 ribs were cracked back
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Ventral head/mandible
Larynx
Remove larynx with the pulmonary tract pluck
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Thoracic inlet
Lung
Trachea and lymph nodes
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Location for collection of 5 slices of lung for histopath
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2
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5
Include airway cross sections
Include affected and adjacent unaffected tissue
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Collect tracheobronchial lymph nodes for
microbiology and histopath
Lung from a pig experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2
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Normal lung Diseased lung
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Normal lung Normal lungNormal lungNormal lung
Normal lung Normal lung
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Enlarged liver
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Fibrin
Infected heart
Fibrin coated lung and heart
1. Carefully cut through the skin and just into the joint capsule
2. Using torque, pop open the joint and collect joint fluid on a swab or in a syringe
Collect synovium for histopath exam
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Collect lymph nodes for microbiological testing and histopath exam
inguinal LN
iliac LNmediastinal LN
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Examine skin and collect lesions in different stages of progression
Erysipelas
Parvovirus and Staphylococcus aureus
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
Salmonellosis
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsISUISU--VDL Pathology Section FacultyVDL Pathology Section Faculty•• Dr. Pat HalburDr. Pat Halbur•• Dr. Kent SchwartzDr. Kent Schwartz•• Dr. Mike YaegerDr. Mike Yaeger•• Dr. Dave LarsonDr. Dave Larson•• Dr. Bruce Dr. Bruce JankeJanke•• Dr. Locke KarrikerDr. Locke Karriker
ISUISU--VDL DirectorVDL Director•• Dr. Gary OsweilerDr. Gary Osweiler
ISUISU--VDL Necropsy Floor StaffVDL Necropsy Floor Staff•• Ray GroverRay Grover•• Mike JenningsMike Jennings•• Jeff MeisterJeff Meister
ISU Biomedical CommunicationsISU Biomedical Communications•• Jim Fosse for photographyJim Fosse for photography
http://www.vetmed.iastate.edu/departments/vdpam/vdl/userguide/pathology
Thanks and good luck with your diagnostic investigations…
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