Contents

Introduction Types

History

Life cycle

Symptoms

Prevention

Swine flu

Also known as pig flu, swine influenza A respiratory disease Endemic in pigs Zoonotic swine flu 2009 flu pandemic

Types of swine viruses

Type A Type B Type C

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Influenza Virus in humans

TYPE A

(Seasonal avian, swine influenza)

Significant disease Infect human &

other species Severe epidemics

TYPE B

(Common human flu) Milder disease Limited to human Milder epidemics

Scientific nameH1N1

H – Heamagglutinin

N – Neuraminidase

1's refer to antibody type

Genus is Orthomyxoviridae

First identified in an animal

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Influenza Pandemics of thepast 100 years

Influenza Pandemics of thepast 100 years

Year of Origin Sub-Type in Circulation

1890 H2N8

1900 H3N8

1918 H1N1 (Spanish Flu)

1957 H2N2 (Asian Flu)

1968 H3N2 (Hong Kong Flu)

1977 HIN1 (Russian Flu)

Life cycle

Life cycle

Seasonal Influenza

A public health problem each year

Usually some immunity built up from previous exposures to the same subtype

Infants and elderly most at risk

Influenza Pandemics

Appear in the human population rarely and unpredictably

Human population lacks any immunity

All age groups, including healthy young adults

Seasonal Epidemics vs. Pandemics

A H1N1 :new virus

The 2009 H1N1 virus is a hybrid of swine, avian and human strains

Influenza A (H1N1)

Viral Re-assortment

Reassortment in pigs

Reassortment in humans

Pandemic Influenza Virus

From where H1N1 come?

Antigenic shift

How spread???

• As seasonal flu

• Mainly from person to person through coughing

or sneezing

• By touching something with

live flu viruses on it and then

touching their mouth or nose.

Hosts

1. A number of species including birds, swine, horses and dogs

2. Found mainly in pigs, but also found in other species including humans, turkeys, and ducks

Transmission

Pigs may begin excreting swine influenza viruses within 24 hours of infection

The primary route is through pig to pig contact via the nasopharyngeal route

Most probably through nose-to-nose contact or direct contact of mucus

The virus is shed in nasal secretions and disseminated through droplets or aerosols

Sources of virus

Infected pig within a herd Infected humans in contact with pigs Human-origin H1N1 and H3N2 strains have

been identified in swine populations Other species capable of infecting pigs,

including birds, humans, and horses

No. Not transmitted by food . Eating properly handled and cooked pork is

safe Cooking pork to an internal temperature of

160°F kills the H1N1 (swine) flu virus as it does other bacteria and viruses

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Difference between swine flu & bird flu

Avian flu Swine flu

Lung inflammation Similar to seasonal human flu

Human system over reacts Bad cough & headache

Chemicals run in bloodstream and cause holes in blood vessels Fever & fatigue

Plasma leaks out of holes and enter into lungs Nasal secretions

Transmitted by birds Transmitted by pigs

H1N1 TYPE A influenzaH5N1 TYPE A influenza

Vaccination

No specific vaccination Use of antiviral medicines Antibiotics can save from secondary

bacterial infections Patient should be separate from healthy

persons

Preventive measures in workplaceStaff

1. Cover nose and mouth

2. Wash hands

3. Use hand dryer

4. Maintain good personal and environmental hygiene

5. Good body resistance

6. If staff develop influenza-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and cough

7. Consult their doctor promptly

8. Wear a surgical mask

9. Take rest at home

Health tips

Office management Use of PPE's Wash the dust-filters frequently Switch on wall fan and exhaust fan to

enhance air movement Use of disinfectant

CONCLUSION

• Swine flu is a dreadful viral disease caused by H1N1 virus

• Has greater outbreak in 2009

• By effective measures and vaccination we can prevent this disease

• We should more focus our research on he mode of spread of this disease