Sweden - Household Budget Survey 2007

Statistics Sweden Description of the statistics HE0201BV/EV 2008-07-03 1(20)Åsa Fridlund Karlsson

Household Budget Survey (HUT)2007HE0201

Table of contents

Table of contents 1

A Administrative and legal information 3A.1 Subject matter...................................................................................... 3A.2 Statistical area.....................................................................................3A.3 SOS classification................................................................................3A.4 Responsible for the statistics................................................................3A.5 Producer of the statistics.....................................................................3A.6 Obligation to provide data...................................................................3A.7 Privacy and rules for the treatment of personal data...........................3A.8 Archiving regulations..........................................................................4A.9 EU regulation......................................................................................4A.10 Purpose and History............................................................................4A.11 Statistical use....................................................................................... 4A.12 Organisation and Implementation.......................................................6A.13 International reporting........................................................................7A.14 Planned changes in future surveys.......................................................7

B Declaration of quality 8B.0 Introduction......................................................................................... 8B.1 Content................................................................................................ 8

1.1 Statistical target characteristics 81.1.1 Objects and Population 91.1.2 Variabels 91.1.3 Statistical indicators 101.1.4 Study domains 121.1.5 Reference time 15

B.2 Reliability..........................................................................................152.1 Reliability in total 152.2 Source of uncertainty 152.2.1 Sampling 152.2.2 Frame coverage 172.2.3 Measurement 172.2.4 Non-response 182.2.5 Processing 192.2.6 Model assumptions 192.3 Reporting of uncertainty 19

B.3 Timeliness.......................................................................................... 193.1 Frequens 19

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3.2 Production time 193.3 Punctuality 19

B.4 Comparability och coherence............................................................204.1 Comparability over time 204.2 Comparability between study domains 204.3 Coherence with other statistics 20

B.5 Availability and clarity......................................................................205.1 Dissemination 205.2 Presentation 215.3 Documentation 215.4 Access to micro data 215.5 Information services 22



A Administrative and legal information

A.1 Subject matter

Subject matter: Household's finances

A.2 Statistical area

Statistical area: Household budget survey

A.3 SOS classification

SOS-classified YesFor surveys that are included in Sweden's official statistics, special rules apply in terms of quality and availability, see http://www.scb.se/templates/Standard____55322.asp

A.4 Responsible for the statistics

Authority/organisation: Statistics Sweden (SCB)Mailing adress: 701 89 ÖrebroVisit: Klostergatan 23Contact: Åsa Fridlund KarlssonTelephone: +46 19 17 68 82Fax: +46 19 17 70 85E-mail: [email protected]

A.5 Producer of the statistics

Authority/organisation: Statistics Sweden (SCB)Mailing adress: 701 89 ÖrebroVisit: Klostergatan 23Contact: Åsa Fridlund KarlssonTelephone: +46 19 17 68 82Fax: +46 19 17 70 85E-mail: [email protected]

A.6 Obligation to provide data

It is not an obligation to provide data due to the Official Statistics Act (SFS 2001: 99)

A.7 Privacy and rules for the treatment of personal data

The authorities' special activities for the production of statistics is regulated in accordance with Chapter 9, paragraph 4 of the Secrecy Act (1980:100) regarding confidentiality. Also the automated processing of personal data follows the Personal Data Act (1998:204). There are also special rules of how to handle



personal data in Official Statistics Act (2001:99) and in the Official Statistics Regulation (2001:100). The results presented consists only of tables or data in anonymous form.

A.8 Archiving regulations

The materal will not be deleted but will be stored according to RA-MS 2007:64.

A.9 EU regulation

Studies on household expenditure are implemented in all EU countries. In order to get comparability between the countries' surveys, Eurostat released "HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEYS IN THE EU Methodology and recommendations for harmonization 2003" (see http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-BF- 03-003/EN/KS-BF-03-003-EN.PDF). This report contains recommendations how to carry out the survey and these recommendations have been followed as far as possible. The report also contains a recommendation for the classification under the COICOP (Classification Of Individual Consumption On Purpose).

Microdata has been delivered to Eurostat every five years. The last deliveries were in 1999 and 2005.

A.10 Purpose and History

The main objective of the Household Budget Survey is to highlight the expenditure on goods and services for different groups of households. Significant study domains are defined in terms of household composition and household geographical affiliation.

Statistics Sweden (SCB) has since 1958, on behalf of the Parliament, implemented the Household Budget Survey, HBS (formerly referred to as Household Expenditures and Expenditure Barometer).

Studies have previously been implemented in 1958, 1969, 1978, 1985 (HBS85), 1988 (HBS88), 1992 (HBS92), 1995 (HB95), 1996 (HB96), 1999 (HB99), 2000 (HB00), 2001 (HB01); 2003 (HE03), 2004 (HE04), 2005 (HE05) and 2006 (HE06).

A.11 Statistical use

Government Offices of SwedenThe Government Offices are following changes in the consumption of different types of households. Additionally, the survey is used in studies on the weak and vulnerable groups, studies of the green tax reform and indirect taxation.

National Board of Health and Welfare National Board of Health and Welfare publish every three years the report "Social Report". Results from the Household Budget Survey are used when studying expenses among vulnerable groups.


http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-BF-%2003-003/EN/KS-BF-03-003-EN.PDF

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-BF-%2003-003/EN/KS-BF-03-003-EN.PDF


National Board for Consumer PoliciesThe National Board for Consumer Policies uses statistics from the Household Budget Survey in the report "Reasonable cost of living" (Skäliga levnadskostnader).

The report presents studies of types of expenditures which are included in the standard of social welfare, and compares low-income households to the social beneficiaries. The National Board for Consumer Policies also uses the Household Budget Survey to capture trends or changes that may have to be further investigated.

The more detailed statistics are, the greater the chances that even smaller changes gets visible, which increases the opportunities to take necessary actions at an early stage.

National Food Administration (NFA)The NFA uses statistics from the Household Budget Survey to study how much different household groups spend on various categories of food.

National Accounts (NA)The National Accounts uses the Household Budget Survey to estimate the households total consumption. Household total consumption refers to all consumption by Swedish citizens both in Sweden and abroad.

Consumer Price Index (CPI)Household Budget Survey-material is an important source when calculating the Consumer Price Index. The material is used partly when calculating weights, partly when to choose appropriate representative products used in the so called basket of goods and services.

CPI affects the so-called The Price Basic Amount which affects pensions, personal allowance, study grants and so on.

Other usersExample of other users are:- The Swedish Retail Institute- National Social Insurance Board- National Institute of Economic Research - Universities - Researchers- Organisations on the labour market- Budget advisors- Massmedia

Unit councilThe content of the survey is decided together with the Unit council for welfare statistics which includes representatives from the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning, the National Board of Health and Welfare, SOFI, the Institute for



Futures Studies, Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality, Örebro University and the Swedish Trade Union Confederation.

A.12 Organisation and Implementation

Household Budget Survey is a sample survey and the collection was running from first January 2007 to the end of December 2007. The sample consisted of 4 000 households where at least one person was aged 0-79 years. Data were collected with the help of diaries, telephone, and from a number of SCB's records.

The sample was divided randomly in 52 weeks to bookings, which meant a breakdown in 52 equal sub-samples. The same collection procedures were used for each sub-sample.

Below is an example of the collection of sub-sample 1.

Week 50 Information letter sent to households in sub-sample 1

Week 51 Preliminary interview

Household composition, employment and accommodation. Household's bought and sold furniture, white goods and capital goods in the last 12 months.

Week 51 Dispatch of diary and receipt bag to the household

Week 52 Instructions by phone

The interviewer call to instruct in detail how the household should keep records of their expenses.

Week 1-2 Accounting in diary

The household fills in the diary for 14 days. The household can also choose to send in receipts instead of noting their spending in the diary.

Week 1 Second interview

Household expenditure of ordinary housing, holiday accommodation, telephone, home help / domestic help, child care, car, insurance and travel services over the past 12 months.

Week 1, 2 Check call

The interviewer will call the household to check that everything is working correctly and resolve any problems with the accounts.

Week 3 Third interview



Brief questions on household expenditure (these questions change every quarter). The interviewer reminds the household to send the diary and any receipts.

Week 3 Sending in the diary and any receipts to SCB

After completion of data collection, data was collected from several registers to provide information about income, education and site-lease rent and more.

A.13 International reporting

Micro data is sent to Eurostat every five years. The last deliveries concerned surveys from 1999 and 2005.

A.14 Planned changes in future surveys

No major changes are currently planned.



B Declaration of quality

Statistics Sweden declares the quality of its surveys according to five main components: (1) Content, in particular the statistics target characteristics. (2) Accuracy, which refers to uncertainties and their impact on the statistics. (3) Timeliness, which covers the timing that plays a role in how well the statistics describing the current situation. (4) Comparability and coherence, relating to opportunities for comparisons over time and between groups, and to use the statistics together with other statistics. (5) The availability and clarity of statistics relating to the physical availability and its clarity.

For more information on the quality of official statistics and a more detailed explanation of the meaning of the five main components, see http://www.scb.se/Grupp/Metod/_Dokument/QM_Kombinat.pdf

B.0 Introduction

The purpose of Household Budget Survey 2007 is to provide information on household's expenditure in the year 2007. The statistic should reflect both the size of household expenditure as the expenditure spread over a number of different categories of goods and services. The statistics are also accounted at a number of household related segments, see Section 1.1.4. Some accounts are also made at an individual level. The statistics are based on data collected through a nationwide survey among a sample of 4 000 households.

B.1 Content

1.1 Statistical target characteristics

The two main target characteristics in the Household Budget Survey are:

- Average expenditure during the year and type of expenditure per household - Average share of expenditure during the year and type of expenditure per household

which are estimated for a variety of types of expenditures. (For more information on the categories of goods and services which are accounted for, see Annex 1.). For households following target characteristics are also estimated:

- Average payment of value-added tax per household and tax-rate (6, 12 and 25 per cent) - Average shares of value-added tax per household and tax-rate (6, 12 and 25 per cent)


http://www.scb.se/Grupp/Metod/_Dokument/QM_Kombinat.pdf


- The average proportion of spending which has been used for purchasing organic / eco-labelled products by household and type of expenditure (only for some type of expenditures).

For some expenditure items, including clothing and footwear, estimations are also being made for:

- The average expenditure during the year per individual and type of expenditure

For household related target characteristics the study domains are defined on the basis of household composition and geographical affiliation. Individual related target characteristics are broken down by gender and age.

1.1.1 Objects and Population

The target population of the Household Budget Survey is the housekeeping unit. Housekeeping units refers to a group of people who live together and have a common economy so that the various persons expenditure can not, in a meaningful way, be separated.

Ideally, the Household Budget Survey would be addressed to all permanent residents in Sweden living in private housekeeping units, i.e. all housekeeping units made up of people who are not permanently living in institutions (for example old people's homes, long term treatment homes).

For practical reasons is there a cut-off regarding age, mainly because elderly people may find it difficult to take part in the survey (for example filling in the diary). The target population in the survey is therefor all private housekeeping units permanently living in Sweden that include at least one person younger than 80 years at the end of the reference period.

1.1.2 Variabels

Expenditure variables

The expenditure variables have been collected through the diary (K), telephone (I) or register (R).

All household expenditure are accounted in groups of goods and services. The OECD has, after consultation with Eurostat, the UNSD and the OECD countries' international statistical organisation, developed a common code of expenditures, COICOP. The international COICOP code is divided into 12 divisions with a four-digit code. The code was developed to simplify international comparisons, and is comparable with similar classifications in the National Accounts and Consumer Price Index. The recommendations of this classification is given in the document "Classification on purpose of individual consumption, adapted to the



household budget survey" in the Eurostat classification database. In the present study the COICOP-code has developed to become seven-digit levels, and expanded with even more divisions. Annex 1 provides a breakdown of expenditures in the report Household Budget Survey in 2006.

Background- and classification variables

The main background- and the classification variables are "type of household", "municipality groups", "type of housing", "socioeconomic groups", "disposable income" and "education".

Some variables have been collected by interview and some variables have been collected from SCB's administrative registers. For more information on the classifications see 1.1.4.

1.1.3 Statistical indicators

The detailed description below shows that all target characteristics are defined as quotas of the total.

Average expenditure during the year and type of expenditure per housekeeping unitDefined for each expenditure as the ratio of the total household expenditure during the year and the number of households. Since the denominator is made up of all households, regardless of whether they have had any expenditure of a certain kind or not, the average expenditure can under this definition, be considerably lower than the actual expenditure for households, which have had the expenditure in question during the reference period.

Average share of expenditure during the year and type of expenditure per housekeeping unit Defined as the ratio of the sum of the individual household share of expenditures for a certain kind and the number of households. The share of expenditure shows how much of household total expenditures accounts for a certain kind of expenditure.

Average payments of value added tax per housekeeping unit and value added tax-rate Defined for the respective tax-rate as the ratio of the households total payments of value added tax during the year and the number of households.

Average share of value added tax per housekeeping unit and tax-rate Defined as the ratio of the sum of the individual household VAT ¬ share of payment for a certain VAT and the number of households (the share of VAT payments shows how much of total household VAT payments that rate stands for).

Average proportion of spending which has been used for the purchase of organic / eco-labelled products by housekeeping unit and type of expenditure



Defined as the ratio of the sum of the individual household shares for purchasing organic / eco-labelled products within the type of expenditure and the number of households which has actually bought organic / eco-labelled products within the type of expenditure

The average expenditure during the year per individual and type of expenditure

Defined by analogy with the average total expenditure during the year per household and type of expenditure, but with the difference that the object of households are replaced with the item individual.

1.1.4 Study domains

The head of household is the individual in the household with the highest income. In the statistics the household gets the same characteristic as the head of household. The study domains that have been used are type of household, municipality groups, disposable income (classified), type of housing and socio-economic group.

Household groups: Single people without children, single with 1 children 0-19 years, living alone with 2 + children 0-19 years, cohabitation without children, together with 1 children 0-19 years, together with 2 children 0-19 years, together with 3 children 0 -19 Years, together with 4 + children 0-19 years, together with other children and others.

This definition of households separates families with children. For example, to belong to the group "cohabiting with one child, 0-19 years", there may be no children 20 years or older in the household. "Single people with children both younger and older than 19 years" and "single-parent families with children over 19 years" end up in the group "Other". "Cohabiting with children older and younger than 19 years" end up in the domain of "other cohabitation with children". Cohabiting with children older than 19 years end up in the domain "other".

Municipality groups:The classification of municipalities is a way to divide the country into areas with a homogeneous population that is appropriate to highlight the regional development of population and industry. Learn more about classification here: http://www.skl.se/artikel.asp?A=11248&C=445.

Municipality group

Coverage

Metropolitan municipalities

Municipalities with more than 200 000 inhabitants.



Suburban municipalities

Municipalities where more than 50 per cent of the residents commuting to work in a nearby area.

Large cities Municipalites with 50 000-200 000 inhabitants of which more than 70 per cent lives in urban areas.

Commuter municipalities

Municipalities where more than 40 per cent of the residents commuting to work in another municipality.

Other municipalities Other municipalities that can not be included in the above description.

Disposable income:Disposable income comes from the administrative register Income- and tax-register and includes all taxable and tax-free income minus taxes and other negative transfers.

Type of housing:The classification of type of housing was made with help from the telephone interview. The interviewer asked questions regarding type of housing which resulted in three separate type of housing, owner-occupied houses, rented dwellings and owner-occupied apartments.

Socio-economic group: The classification of socio-economic groups which is presented is based on information on occupation and employment data collected in connection with the telephone interview. There are two main categories, working and not working.

Workers, include professions which are normally connected to the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO), for example shop assistant, firemen, bus drivers, storemen, agricultural workers, nursing staff, cleaners, hairdressers, electricians, mechanics, sheet-metal workers, typographer.

Lower white-collar workers, include occupations requiring less than three years of education after primary school, for example, receptionists, clerks, telephone operators, messengers, librarians, property managers, some foremen.

Intermediate white-collar workers, include occupations requiring three, but less than six years of education after primary school, for example engineer, primary school teacher, nurse.

Higher white-collar workers, include occupations requiring at least six years of education after primary school, for example lawyer, economist, engineer, doctor.

Other employees, include employees that have not been distributed in any of the above mentioned socio-economic groups because of missing data about



professional status.

Entrepreneurs, with their own limited liability company are classified as an employee. Other entrepreneurs are divided into entrepreneurs and farmers.

Not working 20-64 years Students, include those who indicated at the interview that they are studying. Unemployed, sick persons and pensioners, include those who indicated at the interview that they are unemployed, sick or pensioners.

Other non-working, include the individuals that can not be classified as a student or unemployed, sick or pensioner.

Education:Education domain has three levels; pre school, general upper secondary and higher education.

Pre school education means that the highest level of education is the 9-year primary school education or less.

Upper secondary education means that the highest education is a upper secondary school (2-4 years).

Higher education means at least one year of education at university or college (up to postgraduate education).

Country of birthWhen reporting of country of birth the same characteristic as the head of household has been used.

Consumption Unit:The tables presents the average number of consumption units in the various study domains. This consumption unit-scale is a weight system that takes account the composition of the household. All expenses does not increase proportionally with the number of household members and by using the scale the estimates of spending between individuals would be more comparable i.e. divide the expenditure with the number of consumer units.

The Swedish consumption unit scal has been revised and for this reason, both new and old scale is shown below to be able to make comparisons back in time. The new scale is called Konsumtionsenhetsskala 2004 (Consumer unit scale 2004).



Consumer unit scale

Old scale Revised scale (2004)

Single household and the first adult in the relationship 1,00 1,00Other adult in the relationship 0,58 0,51Single people with shared living 1,12 -Additional adult 0,61 0,60Children 0-19 år 0,48 First child 0-19 år 0,52Second and other children 0-19 år 0,42

1.1.5 Reference time

Calender year (1/1-31/12).

1.2. ComprehensivenessThere is an interest among users, for example, to take part of the results at the municipal level or other broke down levels. The results are based on a small sample size, and for that reason it may not be possible to calculate such estimations.

For comparisons with other countries, it might be good to have calculated a value for housing expenditures, so-called imputed rent. This has not been done in the present study.

B.2 Reliability

2.1 Reliability in total

The reliability of an estimation depends on the total amount of errors between the estimate and the target characteristic. The total error may consist of sampling error, coverage error, non-response error, measurement error and processing error.

All these errors are present in the Household Budget Survey, in varying degrees.

It is not possible to adequately estimate the total size of the error. In connection with the point estimates, intervals of uncertainty are reported which under certain conditions can be interpreted as a range of about 95% confidence (see Section 2.2.1).

In the survey some expenditures are underestimations, for example expenditures related to alcohol, expenditures related to vacation, illness, movement and similar situations. In these situations, it is difficult to get households to participate.

Petty expenses, for example buying one litre of milk can easily be forgotten to note in the diary.



2.2 Source of uncertainty

2.2.1 Sampling

Sampling4 000 individuals in the age of 0-79 years was sampled randomly. The individuals are then merged with the household members in SCB's administrative register of the total population.

During the interview the interviewees will be asked if there have been any changes of individuals in the household. This means that the housekeeping units are drawn with probabilities proportional to the size of the household. This strengthen the group large households, which is assumed to be an appropriate compromise between users requirements.

All individuals in the household are expected to account for its expenses, and therefore it is possible calculate some individual statistics for certain types of expenditures see Section A.12.

Each household supply information for two consecutive weeks. The selection of households are randomly divided in 52 equal groups, each group assigned to one of the 52 weeks. The purpose of this distribution over the year is to capture the seasonal variation of the expenditures and its composition.

EstimationTo estimate the target characteristics, a certain estimation-technique has been used which is based on so called calibrated weights. To reduce the sampling error and the non-response error some register information has been used which correlate with consumption and willingness to respond.

The used information from registry's are municipality group, age (classified), country of birth and disposable income (classified).

Uncertainty intervals are given by:

Point estimate 1,96 * (the estimation of the estimators standard error)

where both the point estimate and the estimation of standard error are given by using CLAN97 (a software developed by Statistics Sweden).

If the sample is large and;(i) that the estimator is approximately an accurate expected value i.e.

not biased.(ii) The variance of the estimator only depends on the sampling variance

and non-response variance.



(iii) that the registry variables used in the calibration are strongly correlated with the unknown response probability.

Then the probability is approximately 95 per cent to get an estimation which covers the target characteristic.

Of course, the above conditions are not perfectly satisfied in practice. Even if the auxiliary information is wisely selected the estimator will probably be biased in some extent, partly as a result of errors from non-response and coverage but also of other errors of systematic character.

Furthermore, it is likely that the variance of the estimator is underestimated. In addition to the variance in the sample and the variance of non-response there are also other uncertainties of random nature, but usually only some of this variance will be "captured" by the variance-estimator. Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine the deviation from the above conditions and the impact these deviations has on the interpretation of the uncertainty intervals which are presented in terms of actual degree of confidence. A recommendation, however, is that one should be cautious in interpreting the ranges presented as genuine confidence.

2.2.2 Frame coverage

The sampling frame in the Household Budget Survey is delimited to the Record of the Total Population(RTB). The frame population is made up of all housekeeping units that include at least one person in the population aged 0-79 years.

The over-coverage consists in particular households that can be accessed via the sampling frame, but which are not permanent residents in Sweden.

The under-coverage on the other hand are, permanent residents in Sweden, private housekeeping units that does not include any person in the population aged 0-79 years. This means, for example, that households consisting only of asylum seekers, people can not be accessed via the sampling frame.

RTB are a high-quality register, good for sampling for individual and household surveys, and there are no indications that this would not extend to the Household Budget Survey. Earlier studies of the problem with over-coverage in RTB indicate, however, that imperfect coverage may be non-negligible when the study domain is birth country. No special studies have, however, been implemented to study this problem in the Household Budget Survey.

2.2.3 Measurement

The survey has been conducted with computer-aided telephone interview, and also that households have been taking notes in a diary.



During the interview questions are asked about the household and the expenditure for ordinary housing, holiday accommodation, fuel for cars, telephone, insurance, travel, certain fees and purchases of certain furniture, white goods and consumer durables. All expenditures corresponds to the last 12 months.

The households have also to note in a diary about all expenses during a two-week period. The households needs also to fill in gender and age if the expenditure is to a specific person in the household. The households will also make a mark of all the expenses that are eco-labelled and/or organic.

Some expenditures, such as site-lease rent, property tax (own homes and summer cottages) and taxable benefits are collected from the income- and tax registry. Also disposable incom are retrieved from this register. The reference period is 31/12.

Education level is collected from the register The Population education level, while information about birth country is collected from RTB.

All expenditures mentioned in the interview corresponds to the last 12 months, which means that those who respond at the beginning of the year, have expenditures referring to the previous year.

All households take notes of all expenditures, in a diary during a two-week period. These expenditures are then multiplyied by 26 to simulate expenditures for the whole year. These measurements does not reflect exactly the same reference period during the year and can therefore create measurement problems.

Regarding reporting of eco- and environmentally labelled goods it should be noted that it may not be an indicator of how environmentally aware the consumers are. In many times the consumer are not aware of wether the good is eco-labelled or not.

2.2.4 Non-response

Non-response error occurs when a household has not responded for some reason. In 2007 the non-response rate was 44 percent. Taking into account the workload put on the households, a relatively high proportion actually participated. 44 per cent was also an improvement against the previous year when the non-response rate was 50 percent.

To reduce the non-response error estimators with auxiliary information have been used (see 2.2.1) which should reduce the non-response error significantly.

Partial non-response occurs when single values are missing in an object. The partial non-response in the Household Budget Survey is not so large, on a single variable or expenditure, it may refer to about 10 observations.



On these occasions values are imputed, see Section 2.2.6. The partial non-response has decreased since the respondents had the opportunity to submit receipts instead of recording the individual goods in diaries, and that the inquiry has been replaced by a telephone interview.

2.2.5 Processing

DiariesAfter the diaries have been registred the expenditures have been checked for errors.

InterviewIn the software WinDati there are automatic controls of all expenditures but these are so-called soft controls which means that some errors may not be discovered. Therefore the interviewee also controls deviating amounts manually.

The controls of amounts in both the diary and the interview are directed to find large deviations.

Smaller processing errors should not be systematic.

2.2.6 Model assumptions

Some households may in some cases, have indicated that they had expenditures of some kind without remembering the certain amount. In these cases the mean

2.3 Reporting of uncertainty

For all estimates in all tables there are uncertainty intervals presented, which under certain conditions could be interpreted as 95 per cent confidence intervals.

B.3 Timeliness

3.1 Frequens

The survey is an annual survey, running from January 2007 until december 2007.

3.2 Production time

The data collection takes about 15 months, including follow-up of non-response. The data are then reviewed and processed for 2 months, which means that the publication of the statistics is about 2 months after completion of the data collection.

3.3 Punctuality

The results are published in June the following year. Another publication is done later that year. This publication includes disposable income for each study



domain. Disposable incomes are available in December the year after the reference year.

B.4 Comparability and coherence

4.1 Comparability over time

The surveys from 1985, 1988, 1992, 1999, 2000 and 2001 are comparable. The

4.2 Comparability between study domains

The Household Budget Survey follows the EU regulation as far as possible thus is it comparable with all surveys in other EU-countries that complies this regulation. For more detailed information about differences between the surveys, see the Eurostat web site.

4.3 Coherence with other statistics

At the coherence with other household statistics it should be noted how the household is defined, for example the survey on Household economy and the survey on Living Conditions.

A comparison between the Household Budget Survey and the National Accounts shows differences between estimates for certain type of expenditures. This might be the result of an over-estimation or under-estimation of these expenditures. The household Budget Survey is a sample survey with a relatively large non-response rate and a relatively small sample, which could give uncertainty in the estimates.

B.5 Availability and clarity

5.1 Dissemination

A description of how the statistics is produced could be found under "Facts about the statistics" at Statistics Sweden web site (www.scb.se).

Required tables are available at SCB's web site (www.scb.se). In these tables are both main groups and sub groups (type of expenditures) presented.

Tables are also available at the statistical data base, which is free of charge at SCB's web site (http://www.ssd.scb.se/databaser/makro/start.asp?lang=2).

Every five year microdata is sent to Eurostat. The last delivery was in 2006 regarding the HBS 2005.

5.2 Presentation

The results are presented in tables and text at SCB's web site (www.scb.se).

A short description of the survey is found under "Facts about the statistics" at



SCB's web site (www.scb.se).

5.3 Documentation

The publications below gives detailed information about the survey and could be ordered from SCB (Publikationstjänsten, [email protected], telephone:+46 19 17 60 00, fax:+46 19 17 64 44).

Household Budget Survey 2007Household Budget Survey 2006Household Budget Survey 2005Household Budget Survey 2004Household Budget Survey 2003Household Budget Survey 1999-2001Expenditure Barometer 1996 (prel. report) Expenditure Barometer 1995.

Lindström, Håkan, An Experiment with Incentives (R&D Report 1991:10)Lindström, Håkan, Krisgruppsarbetet och räknarexperimentet i HUT 88 (R&D Report 1989:14)Lindström & Lundquist, An Application of Generalized Precision Functions in the 1985 Swedish Family Expenditure Survey (R&D Report 1989:10)Lindström, Lindkvist, Näsholm, Design and Quality of the Swedish Family Expenditure Survey (R&D Report 1989:7)Lundquist, Peter, Seasonal variation and Response Behaviour in Swedish Household Expenditure survey (R&D Report 1991:10) Lyberg, Lars, Reducing Nonresponse Rates in Family Expenditure Survey by

5.4 Access to micro data

Researchers may apply to access unidentified micro data for own calculations. Requests of data that will need special processing are a commissioned service.

5.5 Information services

Phone or e-mail toÅsa Fridlund KarlssonUnit for Economic Welfare StatisticsPhn: +46 19 17 68 82E-mail: [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.scb.se/

Sweden - Household Budget Survey 2007

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