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ASE 8 - Engine Performance

Module 15

Tech 2 Familiarization

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Acknowledgements

General Motors, the IAGMASEP Association Board of Directors, and Raytheon Professional

Services, GM's training partner for GM's Service Technical College wish to thank all of the

people who contributed to the GM ASEP/BSEP curriculum development project 2002-3. This

project would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of many people. We

acknowledge:

The IAGMASEP Association members for agreeing to tackle this large project to create

the curriculum for the GM ASEP/BSEP schools.

The IAGMASEP Curriculum team for leading the members to a single vision and

implementation.

Direct contributors within Raytheon Professional Services for their support of translating

a good idea into reality. Specifically, we thank:

Chris Mason and Vince Williams, for their leadership, guidance, and support.

Media and Graphics department under Mary McClain and in particular, Cheryl

Squicciarini, Diana Pajewski, Lesley McCowey, Jeremy Pawelek, & Nancy DeSantis.

For their help on the Engine Performance curriculum volume, Subject Matter

Experts, John Beggs and Stephen Scrivner, for their wealth of knowledge.

Finally, we wish to recognize the individual instructors and staffs of the GM ASEP/BSEP

Colleges for their contribution for reformatting existing General Motors training material, addingcritical technical content and the sharing of their expertise in the GM product. Separate

committees worked on each of the eight curriculum areas. For the work on this volume, we

thank the members of the Engine Performance committee:

Jamie Decato, New Hampshire Community Technical College

Lorenza Dickerson, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College

Marvin Johnson, Brookhaven College

Jeff Rehkopf, Florida Community College at Jacksonville David Rodriguez, College of Southern Idaho

Paul Tucker, Brookdale Community College

Kelly Smith, University of Alaska

Ray Winiecki, Oklahoma State University - Okmulgee

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Contents

Module 15 Tech 2 Familiarization

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... 2Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4

Objectives ........................................................................................................ 4

Overview ......................................................................................................................... 5

Central Processing Unit (CPU) ....................................................................................... 6

Memory ........................................................................................................................... 7

Input Interface................................................................................................................. 7

Output Interface .............................................................................................................. 7

DLC Terminal Identification ............................................................................................. 8

Features.......................................................................................................................... 9

Getting Started .............................................................................................................. 16

Connections .................................................................................................................. 17

Using The Tech 2 On Vehicle........................................................................................ 18

Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) ................................................................................ 20

Diagnostic Test Status................................................................................................... 23

Freeze Frame/Failure Records (only on OBD II vehicles) ............................................ 24

Clear DTC Information .................................................................................................. 25

Capture Info .................................................................................................................. 26

System Information (I/M Flags)..................................................................................... 34

The Service Programming System ............................................................................... 35

Tool Options.................................................................................................................. 36

The Tech 2 Update Procedure ...................................................................................... 37

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2002 General Motors Corporation

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Student WorkbooIntroduction

Objectives

At the end of this section, the technician will be able to do the following

tasks:

NATEF Tasks: Area VIII. A.3. Locate and interpret vehicle and major component identification

numbers (VIN, vehicle certification labels, and calibration decals).

NATEF Tasks: Area VIII. B.

1. Retrieve and record stored OBD I diagnostic trouble codes;

clear codes.

2. Retrieve and record stored OBD II diagnostic trouble codes;

clear codes.

5. Check for module communication errors using a scan tool.

7. Obtain and interpret scan tool data.

STC Tasks:

Install PCMCIA cards correctly and demonstrate proper handling

Customize Tech 2 display; language, contrast, date, time

Navigate through Tech 2 menus using pick lists

Use soft keys to select features

Gather live Scan Data using the Tech 2

Customize data display parameter lists

Capture data using the Quick Snapshot feature

Use the Tech 2 context sensitive Help function

Read and Clear Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) using Tech 2

Load and replay snapshots

Plot stored data using the Tech 2

Exercise control module outputs using the Tech 2 Special Functions

Make proper connection to PC Update Tech 2 software

Copy Tech 2 software from one PCMCIA card to another

Program vehicle control modules

Perform Tech 2 self tests

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Student WorkbooOverview

At the end of this section the technician will understand the features of

the Tech 2.

The Tech 2 (Figure 15-1) is a hand held diagnostic computer

designed specifically to help you diagnose and repair electronic

systems used on most late model General Motors vehicles.

When attached to the vehicle to be tested, the Tech 2 can be a very

versatile tool. With its large, easy to read display, the Tech 2 guides

you step by step through the testing procedures. You respond tothe Tech 2 through the keypad commanding it to:

Conduct the test you want to run

Retrieve the diagnostic data you want

Control the function you want to monitor

The Tech 2 gets its power from the vehicle being tested and talks or

"interfaces" with the vehicle electronic systems through the Data

Link Connector (DLC) located on the vehicle. When connected to

the DLC, the Tech 2 can read Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) and

diagnostic data. The Tech 2 can be adapted to interface with moston board computer systems used on late model GM vehicles

equipped with a DLC. Depending on the application selected, the

Tech 2 can also control some systems for troubleshooting or

automatic testing.

Figure 15-1, Tech 2 Components

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Student WorkbooBefore detailing the actual operation of the Tech 2, it is necessary to

understand some basic computer and serial data principles.

What is a computer?

A computer is made up of several components (Figure 15-2). It contains

chips (integrated circuits) to store information, a clock generator to

synchronize all the signals moving from chip to chip inside the computer,

and the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which is the brain of the computer.

Figure 15-2, Basic Computer Chips and Circuits

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the "brain" of the computer. It is a microprocessor that

performs calculations and controls system operation. Much like an engine

in a car, the CPU is the overriding determinant of system power and

speed. In fact, computers are generally rated according to the clock speed

and processing power of the CPU.

CPU speed is rated in megahertz (MHz). The higher the number, thefaster the microprocessor.

Processing power is a rating of how much information the CPU can

process at one time. Again, the higher the number, the better the

performance. Virtually all of today's CPUs are 32 bit or 64 bit

microprocessors.

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Student WorkbooMemory

Computer memory is of two general types: RAM (Random Access

Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory).

Random Access Memory (RAM) is what the CPU uses to temporarily

store and recall the data required to run the operating system and

application software. When the computer is turned on, the operating

system is loaded into RAM. As applications and files are opened, they tooare loaded into RAM. When the CPU is called upon to perform tasks, it

accesses the information stored in RAM. When an application or file is

closed, it is deleted from RAM.

Ram is "volatile," meaning it is wiped clean whenever the computer is

turned off. RAM is generally measured in quantities of megabytes (MB)

(for example, 16MB or 32MB). Again, the higher the number the better

more RAM means the computer can do more things at once and, as a rule

of thumb, can generally do them faster.

(Read Only Memory) ROM stores the most basic operating instructions of

the computer. Without ROM, the computer wouldn't even be able to start

up. ROM is permanent, or "nonvolatile" it is not erased when the computer

is turned off or unplugged.

Flash EPROM is a memory chip inside the computer that can be

electronically erased when software needs to be changed (repaired) or

updated. When "Flash" programming this type of memory chip, the entire

memory is erased before the new software is loaded.

Input Interface

Input interface circuitry receives signals from input devices and converts

them into digital signals that the CPU (microprocessor) can understand.

Some input signals require more conversion than others before they are

sent to the CPU for processing (i.e., analog signals require more

conversion than digital signals).

Output Interface

Output interface circuitry takes data from the CPU and converts it into a

form that can be used outside of the computer (i.e., converts a data

command from the CPU into a PWM command signal to drive a

PCM output).

An open in the main line of a parallel circuit (Point A) will also affect all

loads in the circuit, while an open in one branch of a parallel circuit

(Point B) will only affect loads on the branch in which the open occurs.

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Student WorkbooDLC Terminal Identification

The various on board controllers interface with the Tech 2 through the

DLC. Examples of such controllers are the :

EBTCM Electronic Brake and Traction Control Module

BCM Body Control Module

SDM Sensing Diagnostic Module (S.I.R.)ECM Electronic Control Module

PCM Powertrain Control Module

TCM Transmission Control Module

VCM Vehicle Control Module

The DLC connector allows access to monitor data and control some of the

controller's operations (Figure 15-3). The Tech 2 reads the serial data

signal from the DLC connector and translates it into the information

provided on the Tech 2 display screen.

Figure 15-3,12 Pin DLC, 16 Pin DLC

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Size

The Tech 2 is about 12" x 6" x 2" and weighs 2.2 lbs (Figure 15-4). This

weight is about the same as the Tech 1.

Powerful

The Tech 2 is designed to work for many years to come. Because it is

more powerful than the Tech 1, it will be able to help you diagnose

vehicles for the foreseeable future.

In the past, as communication from the various controllers evolved, either

new tools were created or adapters were created. The Tech 2 is designed

to evolve with the vehicle. Because the Tech 2 uses a Vehicle

Communication Interface (VCI) as an adapter to the DLC, the tool can be

updated by a change of the VCI module. This allows hardware updating of

the Tech 2 without requiring adapters such as the Vehicle InterfaceModule (VIM) which was used by the Tech 1.

Figure 15-4, Tech 2 Features

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The screen is divided into five areas (Figure 15-5). By looking at the

information which is displayed in each area, the user may more efficiently

use the Tech 2.

Title area

Message area

Display/select area

Full text area

Soft key area

The "full text" area lists a complete description of the highlighted line in the

"display/select" area.

Figure 15-5, Tech 2 Screen Areas

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The keypad of the Tech 2 contains 27 keys (Figure 15 -6). Within these

keys are 23 keys which are pre-defined and 4 keys which are referred to

as "Soft" keys. The soft key usage will change depending on which part of

an application is being used. Following is a definition of the key usage for

the pre-defined keys.

Selection Keys

The four arrow keys are used for screen movement to make a selection.

The Up and Down arrows move the highlight bar one line at a time. If theyare held, the highlight bar will scroll. The Left and Right arrow keys will

move the highlight a page at a time. The Left arrow moves the highlight up

(previous page) and the Right arrow moves the highlight down (next

page). The arrow keys are used to move the highlight bar to a position to

make a selection, or to move the display to allow more information to be

viewed.

Action Keys

There are a group of keys which are referred to as "Action" keys. As the

name implies, action keys will make an action take place on the Tech 2.

The action keys are Yes, No, Enter, and Exit.

Yes - Confirms a positive response to a question.

No - Confirms a negative response to a question.

Enter (2 keys) - Indicates a selection has been made.

Exit (2 keys) - Returns user to a previous menu selection.

Figure 15-6, Keypad Layout

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Student WorkbooFunction Keys

The Function keys (FO - F9) allow direct selection of a choice from a

menu.

Help key

Help (?) accesses a tool help function which is specific to the currentinformation being viewed on the Tech 2.

Control Keys

There are two keys which are used to control the Tech 2 itself. These are

the Shift and Power keys. The Shift key will access screen contrast

control. To adjust contrast during the current power cycle of the Tech 2,

use the following procedure:

Press the Shift key (The yellow light will turn on).

Use the Up arrow to increase screen brightness and contrast or theDown arrow to decrease screen brightness and contrast.

Press the shift key (the yellow light will turn off).

This procedure will only adjust the contrast for the duration of this power

cycle of the Tech 2. If the power is turned "off" and then back "on" again,

the contrast will change to a default value. The default setting will be

covered later in this course book.

Important:

If the yellow shift light is "on," only the Power, Shift, Exit and Arrow keys

are active.

Some GM dealerships that are dual with non-NAO makes such as Saab

or Isuzu may need two PCMCIA cards installed in their Tech 2. When two

PCMCIA cards are installed, the user can command the Tech 2 to switch

between the two cards by pressing the shift key, then the right or left arrow

key. The Tech 2 must be on the title screen to perform this function. Make

sure you press the shift key to deactivate it after completing the switch.

There is a Power switch which turns the Tech 2 on and off. A greenindicator will illuminate when the Tech 2 is switched "on."

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Student WorkbooSoft Keys

There are four keys on the Tech 2 which change usage within an

application. Soft key functions are software driven. This means that the

"Soft" key function may change in different areas of the software. The left

most soft key at the Main Menu will be used to "Clear Vehicle", while in

Snapshot the same key position may change Units. The ability for the soft

keys to perform different tool operations at different times increases the

versatility of the Tech 2.

Thumb Action

The Tech 2 is designed for one handed operation. The unit is balanced to

allow one hand to comfortably hold and operate the tool. Straps on the

sides of the tool are adjustable to help hold the Tech 2 in one hand. The

keypad configuration is designed for thumb usage while holding the tool in

either the left or right hand. It is easier to use the selection and action keys

instead of the function keys as some Tech 2 screens require making

selections from a list on the screen. In these cases there may not be afunction key equivalent.

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Figure 15-7, PCMCIA Card

The Tech 2 uses a Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association

(PCMCIA) standard memory card for storage of diagnostic functions and

applications (Figure 15 -7). The original memory card had a capacity of

10 Megabytes which was ten times the amount of memory that the Tech 1

Mass Storage Cartridge (MSC) had. The current memory card has a

capacity of 32 Megabytes and is required to use the latest Tech 2

software. Because there is more memory, there is storage capability for

two snapshots and one capture information event. This will improvediagnostic capability for intermittents.

The PCMCIA card is accessed through a door on top of the unit, and

should only be removed when required. The card is ejected by pushing

the arrow button pointing to the card to be removed. Cards are notched to

allow insertion only one way. When re-inserting the card make sure that it

fully seats into the Tech 2. The PCMCIA card fits into slot zero which is

closest to the screen. There is a second slot identified as slot one to be

used by dealers dualed with non-NAO makes such as Saab and Isuzu.

See page 15-11 for dual PCMCIA card operating instructions.

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Student WorkbooNotice:

The PCMCIA card is sensitive to magnetic and static electricity, so care

should be taken when handling the card to prevent damage.

A write protect slide mechanism is on the top edge of the PCMCIA card.

The correct position is to the middle of the card (unlocked). If the write

protect is in the locked position, snapshots and capture information will not

be able to be stored, and Service Programming will not work.As was done previously on the Tech I and Mass Storage Cartridge (MSC),

the Tech 2 and PCMCIA card will be updated by connecting to a Techline

Terminal or PC.

The software that operates the Tech 2 is stored on the PCMCIA card. The

contents of the card are not distinct applications as was the case with the

Tech 1 and MSC. All of the applications share a single database of

information on the Tech 2's PCMCIA card.

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Student WorkbooGetting Started

The "Getting Started" application is a built in lesson to show how to use

the Tech 2 (Figure 15-8). The "Getting Started" application is divided into

sections to allow easier usage. Inside the application is also an example

of diagnostic software so that operation of the tool can be practiced while

away from the vehicle. It is suggested that technicians review the material

included in the "Getting Started" application to familiarize themselves withTech 2 operation.

Figure 15-8, Getting Started

Getting Started has the Following Features:

FO: Tool Controls - contains information on:

Help keys

Keypad layout and function

Setting screen contrast

Soft keysFl: Hardware - contains information on:

Screen display

VCI module removal

PCMCIA card removal and installation

Cables/adapters and power connections

Prop rod and hand straps

RS232 and RS485 ports

F2: Tech 2 Features - contains:

A sequence of Tech 2 screens from a fictitious vehicle that can be

used to learn how to navigate through various Tech 2 screens.

F3: Programming Tech 2 - contains information on:

How to connect the Tech 2 to the PC for an update (Software

Download).

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Student WorkbooConnections

To use the Tech 2, proper connections will need to be made (Figure 15-9).

These connections include power and the DLC. To power the Tech 2 from

an OBD II vehicle, simply connect the Tech 2 DLC cable to the vehicle

DLC. On a non-OBD II vehicle, or if using the Tech 2 away from the

vehicle, another source of power should be used. On vehicle power

connection may also come from the cigar lighter adapter or from thebattery clip adapter. Using one of the adapters, connect to the jack at the

back of the DLC cable connection.

The 12 volt adapters have fuses in them to help protect the Tech 2 wiring.

The Tech 2 110 volt adapter should NOT be used while the Tech 2 is

connected to a vehicle as data errors may occur. Instead, the AC power

adapter is designed to be used while away from the vehicle, such as at a

Techline Terminal or PC. Power supplies of Techline Terminals are not

designed to support Tech 2 power needs. Therefore, do not use the cigar

lighter adapter while at a Techline Terminal. The Tech 2 will work between

8 and 20 volts and draws about .75 amps.

Figure 15-9, Tech 2 Connections

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Using an Application

The vehicle ignition should be "on" before selecting the model year,

vehicle type and system. This is critical because on some vehicles the

Tech 2 will communicate with the controller to determine what options

are available (i.e., AIR pump or no AIR pump, etc.). In some cases, if the

key is not on when the Tech 2 attempts to gather this information, it willresort to using a default setting that may not be correct for the vehicle you

are diagnosing.

Once a selection has been made from the Main Menu by either using a

function key or by using the arrow keys to highlight a menu choice and

pressing enter, you will then need to supply some additional information

to the Tech 2 (Figure 15-10). This requires navigation through a series of

lists (called picklists). On some menus or picklists, the user can use a

function key to make a menu selection, but most of the picklists require

using the selection and action keys. If a mistake is made in the selection

process, or if a different application or function is desired, press "Exit" toback up one level.

Within an application, there may be soft keys available for use. These soft

keys allow access to additional tool functions without exiting a current tool

function. Soft keys are made up of sets which will appear together. To see

the next set of soft keys, select the "More" soft key.

Although most of the applications/screens described in this book are

Powertrain related, the Body and Chassis screens follow the Powertrain

format. For example, the DTC, data list and snapshot screens for

Body and Chassis follow the same general format as the equivalent

Powertrain screens.

Using The Tech 2 On Vehicle

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Figure 15-10, Tech 2 Menus (Picklists)

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Student WorkbooDiagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)

Within each of the Diagnostic applications (Powertrain, Body, Chassis) is

a menu choice for DTCs. The DTC menu selection allows the technician

to analyze information about trouble code(s) (Figure 3-5). The screens

shown in Figures 3-5 through 3-9 are screens that might be seen on an

OBD II, Class 2 vehicle. Not all menu choices will be available on all

vehicles or systems.DTC Information (Display of codes) - Each code has it's own page of

information. If multiple codes are set, the user must page through the

display of codes. The number of codes set will be displayed in the lower

right corner of the screen.

When viewing a screen that is displaying a DTC, three categories of

messages will be displayed under the DTC. The information displayed in

each message will be valuable when diagnosing the owner's concern:

Last Test: The results of the last on-board test will be displayed as

"passed", "failed", or "not ran". "Not ran" is displayed when the last test

status cannot be determined.

This Ignition: This parameter will display "passed", "failed", "pass and

fail", or "MIL requested."

"Passed" means that the diagnostic test has reported a passing result

with no test failures.

"Failed" means that the diagnostic test has reported a failing result with

no test passes.

"Pass and failed" means that the diagnostic test has reported bothpassing and failing results on this ignition cycle.

"Not ran" means that the diagnostic test has not reported or has not

run on the current ignition cycle.

"MIL requested" means that the diagnostic test is requesting the MIL or

SVS lamp to be illuminated.

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Student WorkbooSince Clear: This parameter will display "passed", "failed", "pass and

failed", "not ran", or "history."

"Passed" means that the diagnostic test has reported a passing result

with no test failures.

"Failed" means that the diagnostic test has reported a failing result with

no test passes.

"Pass and failed" means that the diagnostic test has reported bothpassing and failing results since DTC's were cleared.

"Not ran" means that the diagnostic test has not reported or has not

run since codes were cleared.

"History" means that the diagnostic test has reported a valid fault since

codes were last cleared.

Figure 15-11, DTC Information

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Figure 15-12, Specific DTC and Not Ran Since Code Cleared

The Specific DTC feature (Figure 15-11), found under the Diagnostic

Trouble Codes (DTC) menu, allows the technician to view information

unique to a single stored DTC. When the technician enters the number of

the desired DTC and presses Enter, the Tech 2 will display information

related to the DTC.

The Not Ran Since Code Cleared feature (Figure 15-12), displays DTC's

that have not met the PCM enable criteria and therefore have not run the

on-board diagnostic test.

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Student WorkbooDiagnostic Test Status

This selection displays the test status of all DTCs (Figure 15-13). It shows

the DTC number, whether the test has run or not, and the pass/fail status.

This only applies to OBD II vehicles with Class 2 serial data.

Figure 15-13, Diagnostic Test Status

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Student WorkbooFreeze Frame/Failure Records (only on OBD II vehicles)

Freeze Frame and Fail Records are "snapshots" (one frame of data each)

that are automatically stored by the PCM when certain on-board

diagnostics report a failure (Figure 15-14). When troubleshooting a

driveability concern involving a DTC, Freeze Frame and Fail Records will

display data parameters that were present when a fault was detected.

These data parameters can help pinpoint the fault. Since Freeze Frameand Failure Records are only one frame of data, they do not have the

navigation and graphing capabilities that the Snapshot feature does.

Figure 15-14, Freeze Frame/Failure Records

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Student WorkbooClear DTC Information

The Clear DTC Information feature is mainly used after making a repair

associated with a stored DTC (Figure 15-15). When the technician selects

this feature, all stored DTCs will be erased, I/M Flags, DTC Information,

Freeze Frame, and Fail Records will also be cleared/erased. Selecting this

feature will also extinguish the MIL.

Figure 15-15, Clear DTC Information

Important:When diagnosing an owner concern, do not select the Clear Information

feature until the repair has been completed and verified. You will lose

valuable diagnostic data if this feature is activated too soon.

If your diagnostic procedures require you to Clear Information (or

disconnect the battery), use the Capture Info feature to save diagnostic

data before clearing information.

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Student WorkbooCapture Info

The Capture Info feature is used to store PCM diagnostic information

(DTC Info, Freeze Frame, and Fail Records) in the Tech 2. This feature is

used when the technician needs to save vital data for review later. Capture

Info is commonly performed before disconnecting the battery or clearing

DTC information. Only one Capture Info can be stored in the Tech 2 at a

time (Capture Info consists of one page of DTC Info for each DTC storedin the PCIVI, maximum of one Freeze Frame, and up to five Failure

Records*). If a Capture Info is stored in the Tech 2 and the technician

attempts to retrieve a new one, the current one will be erased and

replaced with the new one. Figure 15-16 shows the progression of

screens involved in the Capture Info process.

Figure 15-16, Capture Info

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The Tech 2 Data Display feature displays data parameters for the

controller being diagnosed (Figure 15-17). Data parameters may be

divided into multiple data lists, so be sure to use the service manual to

determine which list will display the information needed. While using Data

Display, use the arrow keys to display and review the entire data list. The

Display area is truncated at 23 characters, so to see all of the text to be

displayed, highlight the parameter in question and look at the full text area

of the display.

There is a "counter" in the lower right hand corner of the Tech 2 screen(just above the "More" soft key) that shows the highlight bar position in

relation to the total number of data parameters on the list. For example, in

Figure 15-17 the counter displayed is 1/24, indicating that the highlight bar

is on the first data parameter and there are 23 more parameters available

for viewing.

While using Data Display, the user has the ability to lock up to five

parameters within the display area. The five locked parameters remain at

the top of screen even if the display is scrolled. To lock parameters, press

the Select Items soft key. On the picklist that will appear, move the

highlight bar to the item to be locked and press the "Enter" key. After all

items desired have been selected, press the "Exit" key to return to the

Data Display. To modify a locked list, choose the "Select Items" soft key

and select the parameter a second time to clear it. Use the "Clear All" soft

key to clear all the locked parameters.

While in the 'Data Display function, the user may display codes directly

from Data Display by pressing the DTC soft key.

Figure 15-17, Data Display Screen

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Student WorkbooTech 2 allows the user to take a snapshot while in the Data Display

function. This is done by selecting the "Quick Snapshot" soft key. The

snapshot will have a beginning trigger point. This snapshot will displace

one of the previously stored snapshots on the Tech 2. Quick Snapshot

does not store any DTC information with the snapshot. More information

on using Snapshot is found later in this section.

By selecting the "More" soft key, additional functions become available.

The "Units" soft key allows switching between English and Metric displays.

Other useful functions are the "Previous List" and "Next List" soft keys.

These soft keys allow switching between various available Data Display

lists without needing to "Exit" and select a different list.

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Figure 15-18, Special Functions

The Special Functions menu selections (Figure 15-18) allow access to

output controls and other special tests. Other special tests may include

the ability to perform system resets (such as Fuel Trim Reset), or to

perform ABS Auto Bleed procedures.

After selecting Special Functions, a list of tests available for the

programmed vehicle will be displayed. After one of these tests is

selected, any special instructions to set up for the test will be displayed.

The next display will show a list of data parameters along with Soft keys

which will allow the test to be performed.

Special Function tests are used to control solenoids or other devices that

the vehicle on-board computer controls normally. When the technician

commands the device on, the vehicle computer is commanded to turn it

on regardless of what inputs would normally be needed to activate the

device. This can help determine where a fault is occurring in the system.

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Student WorkbooA Snapshot is a Tech 2 recording of data the controller was receiving while

the snapshot was being made (Figure 15-19). A snapshot may be used to

analyze the data that was occurring during the time a vehicle condition

was happening. This allows the technician to concentrate on making the

condition occur, rather than trying to view all the data in anticipation of the

fault. The snapshot will contain information around a trigger point that the

technician has selected. Only a single Data List may be recorded in each

snapshot. The Tech 2 has the ability to store two snapshots. The ability torecord two snapshots allows comparing hot/cold or good/bad vehicle

scenarios. These snapshots are stored on a "first in, first out" basis. If a

third snapshot is taken, the one that had been stored in the PCMCIA

memory first will be lost.

Snapshots can be one of two types:

Snapshot - taken from the Snapshot menu choice

Quick Snapshot - taken from the Quick Snapshot soft key choice

(available in Data Display Mode)

When a snapshot is taken, it is recorded onto the PCMCIA memory card.A tone will sound at the beginning and end of the snapshot. Because the

snapshot is recorded onto the memory card, snapshots are not lost if the

Tech 2 is powered down.

After the snapshot menu choice has been selected, some set-up

selections must be made. These choices include engine or transmission

data list, Trigger Type and Trigger Point.

The Trigger Type menu selection will determine what must happen to

cause the snapshot to trigger. The trigger of the snapshot will happen

based on one of three occurrences, Any Code, Single Code or Manual

Trigger. The Any Code mode will trigger a snapshot whenever any troublecode is stored. (This is when the first code is stored in the vehicle

controller memory.) Single Code Snapshot mode will cause a snapshot to

be taken when a user specified trouble code is stored. Manual trigger will

cause a snapshot to be taken based on the user pressing a soft key to

trigger the snapshot. Manual trigger can also be used while in the Any

Code or Single Code modes of snapshot.

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Student WorkbooTrigger Point refers to the point in a snapshot which represents a code

occurring or a manual trigger occurred. This will help the technician to

know at what point in the snapshot to look for changes in the data

parameters. Trigger Point may be set for Beginning, Center, or End. The

Beginning choice will cause the Tech 2 to start recording information from

the trigger point and continue on until the snapshot storage area is full.

This choice is useful if the fault is predictable in it's nature. Center trigger

point is used most commonly because it allows data to be stored frombefore the trigger point as well as after the trigger point. This allows

comparing data from before, during, and after a fault has happened. The

third type of trigger is End. The eng trigger type is used if the technician

wants the trigger to stop the Snapshot recording. This could be useful if

the technician is occupied during the fault and wants to cause the

snapshot to end after the fault has occurred. End trigger point contains

only information that happened prior to the Snapshot being triggered.

After the choices have been made, the technician will select the Record

Snapshot soft key (Figure 15-19), then a display of current vehicle data is

presented. This data list may be manipulated the same as in the DataDisplay menu selection.

The technician should now attempt to recreate the owner's concern. When

the condition occurs, the technician should immediately press the "trigger"

soft key. After the snapshot has been triggered, the Tech 2 will begin to

store the snapshot onto the PCMCIA memory card. The amount of time

the snapshot will record depends on the vehicle/ controller you are

diagnosing. At times, the snapshot will record longer than is needed for

diagnosis. If this happens, press the exit key to stop the snapshot early.

When the snapshot is stopped (either automatically or manually) a screen

will appear that displays the "trigger type" of the snapshot. Press the

"continue" soft key to display frame 0 of the stored snapshot.

If the technician exits the replay of data he will have the ability to either

make another Snapshot, Exit, or Replay a previously recorded snapshot. If

Replay is selected from the menu, the technician must select from the two

available Snapshot choices. The previously recorded snapshot will be

identified by the date and the time the snapshot was made. It is important

that the clock in the Tech 2 is set to the correct time so it is easy to identify

which snapshot you want to diagnose.

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Student WorkbooWhile replaying a snapshot, the technician will use the normal Data

Display control functions to view the data from a particular moment in time

(Figure 15-14). To look at the data that was happening at a different time

frame, soft keys will be used. A variety of movement capabilities are

available when the soft keys are used. The ability to move Frame by

Frame, either Forward or Backward, is one method of moving within the

snapshot. By selecting the "More" key, the technician will have access to

other soft key functions such as:

Auto Forward

Auto Reverse

Select Items

Select Frame

Trigger Frame

First Frame

Plot

Stop

Last Frame

Units

Previous Frame

Next Frame

DTC

Previous DTC - Chg

Next DTC - Chg

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Student WorkbooSystem Information (I/M Flags)

The System Information (I/M Flags) screen allows you to view the status

of several PCM OBD II diagnostic tests (Figure 15-20). The Yes/No

parameter tells you whether the diagnostic test has run on each system.

This parameter does not indicate the pass/fail status of the on-board

diagnostic test, rather it shows that the test has run (YES) or has not run

(NO). Each data parameter in this display is known as an I/M Flag.The System Information (I/M Flag) can be a valuable feature in the

following situations:

After making a repair on a system involving System Information (I/M

Flags), it is important to verify your repair by operating the vehicle in a

way to cause the I/M Flag to set (to YES). If Yes is displayed and no

MIL, DTC, Freeze Frame, or Fail Record, related to the concern are

present, the repair is successful.

Some areas of the U.S. that require emission testing of vehicles may

require an owners vehicle to pass an I/M - OBD II test. In some cases

these tests may require the state I/M testers to scan the vehicle's PCMto view the I/M Flags. If "NO" is displayed for any I/M Flag, the state

testers may reject the vehicle (not issue registration or tags).

Important:

When a System Information (I/M Flag) is set to Yes, this simply indicates

that the PCM on-board diagnostic for that system has run. It does not

indicate the pass/fall status of that system. You must refer to other Tech 2

information to determine the pass/fail status of each system.

To set all I/M Flags to "Yes," the vehicle must be operated in a manner

that satisfies the enable criteria of all of the I/M Flag diagnostics. GeneralMotors OBD II course #16030.02 provides additional detail on this topic.

Figure 15-20, Inspection/Maintenance Flags

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Student WorkbooThe Service Programming System

The Service Programming System (SPS) allows you to program a

replacement controller or update the flash calibration stored in an onboard

controller (e.g. ECM, PCM, VCM). When troubleshooting a driveability

concern, diagnosis may call for reprogramming the controller with newer

flash calibration information that addresses the concern.

There are two SPS methods:

Remote Programming

Off-Board Programming

Remote SPS Programming

The Remote SPS method is a three step process. The following three

SPS procedures are only an overview of the process.

1. Connect the scan tool to the vehicle and obtain information from the

controller (Figure 15-17).

2. Connect the scan tool to the PC and download a new calibration file

from the to the scan tool's memory (Figure 15-17).

3. Re-connect the scan tool to the vehicle and upload the new calibration

file to the controller.

Off-Board Programming

Off-Board Programming is used when a reprogrammable control module

must be programmed away from the vehicle. This method requires theuse of an Off-Board Programming Adapter (OBPA), J 41207-B.

Notice:

Prior to performing SPS, it is important to heed the following precautions:

1. Ensure that the Tech 2 and the terminal are both equipped with the

latest software.

2. Ensure that the vehicle battery is fully charged. Battery voltage for SPS

should be between 12 and 17 volts. DO NOT USE A BATTERY

CHARGER WHILE PROGRAMMING.

3. Ensure that the cable connections are secure. A disconnected cable

could cause controller failure.

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Student WorkbooTool Options

The Tool Options choice from the Main Menu allows the technician to

make adjustments to the basic functions of the Tech 2 (Figure 15-19). Tool

Options include:

Set Clock Set Training Center Mode

Set Screen Contrast Programming Tech 2

Set Units Set Communication By-Pass Mode

Self Test Make Duplicate PCMCIA Card

The clock, contrast and units choices will set a new default value for the

Tech 2. The default value is what the Tech 2 will use when powering up

each time.

Set Clock allows the date and time of the Tech 2 to be reset. The setting is

not saved unless the Set Clock soft key is pressed prior to exiting the

function.

Set Screen Contrast allows for screen contrast changes which will beretained after power down of the Tech 2. Follow the Tech 2 screen

instructions to set the contrast default. Contrast may still be set during

each individual power up of the Tech 2 using the shift and arrow keys.

The Set Units menu selection will allow the technician to change the

default for units to be either English or Metric.

Self Test allows the technician to run tests which will help to diagnose

possible faults with the Tech 2 itself. Because the Tech 2 runs the Power

On Self Test (POST) at each power up, there is generally no need to use

the Self Test functions. If the POST finds a fault, the technician may go to

the Self Test menu choice and review the POST results.

The "Programming Tech 2" selection gives the technician instructions on

how to update the Tech 2 with the latest software.

The "Set Communications By-Pass Mode" feature allows the user to

navigate to Tech 2 data screens without being connected to live vehicle

data, and is generally used as an engineering development tool.

The "Make Duplicate PCMCIA Card" selection (Figure 3-20) allows a

technician to copy the contents of a PCMCIA Card to another PCMCIA

Card. This method of updating is usually faster than updating from a

Techline Terminal.

Important:

"Set Training Center Mode" is not needed for diagnosis at the dealership.

This mode is only used at the GM Training Centers for training purposes.

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Student WorkbooThe Tech 2 Update Procedure

The Software Download function of TIS

2000 allows updating of the Tech 2 scan

tool with the latest software. The

Software Download function will transfer

(download) updated software from the

PC to the scan tool.

Standard Update

To perform a standard Tech 2 update:

1. Connect the scan tool to the PC

using the RS 232 cable (refer to

Figure 15-21).

2. Power up the scan tool using the

AC power supply that came with

the tool (refer to Figure 15-22).

3. At the PC, start TIS 2000.

4. From the TIS 2000 Main screen,

select the Software Download icon

(refer to Figure 15-22).

Figure 15-21, Cable Connections

Figure 15-22, TIS 2000 Main Screen

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Student Workboo

Figure 15-23, Select Tech 2 for Download

Figure 15-24, Confirm Software Change

6. The PC will display a Confirm

Software Change screen

(Figure 15-24) showing what

the Tech 2 currently contains

and what it will contain afterthe download. Click Next to

continue.

5. At the Select Tool for

Download screen, highlight

and verify your selection

(Figure 15-23).

Standard installs the

newest software onto the

scan tool.

Custom allows backdating

or installing of non-NAO

software onto the scan

tool.

After confirming the selection,

click on the Next button. A

message will appear

indicating the PC is reading

the contents of the diagnostic

tool.

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Figure 15-25, Software Download Progress

Figure 15-26, Download Complete

7. A Performing the Software

Download screen will appear

(Figure 15-25). It tracks the

status of the download.

8. When the download is

complete, a Download

Finished screen appears

(Figure 15-26). Click on the

Close button to close the

application.

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