SWAZILAND NATIONAL STANDARD Testing of motor vehicles for roadworthiness · 2012. 4. 3. · SANS...

SZNS 007:2011

ICS 43.020 Edition 1

SWAZILAND NATIONAL STANDARD

Testing of motor vehicles for

roadworthiness

Published by: Swaziland Standards Authority

SmithCo Building, 2nd

Floor, 11th

Street King Mswati III Avenue West

P. O. Box 1399, Matsapha, Kingdom of Swaziland

Telephone: +268 2518 4633, Facsimile: +268 2518 4526

Website: www.swasa.co.sz

E-mail: [email protected] ©Swaziland Standards Authority 2011

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COPYRIGHT NOTICE

This Swaziland Standards Authority (SWASA) document is a Swaziland National Standard and is copyright-

protected by SWASA. Neither this SWASA document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise,

without prior written permission being secured.

Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to SWASA

The Information Officer

Swaziland Standards Authority

P.O. Box 1399, Matsapha

Tel. + 268 518 4633

Fax: + 268 518 4526

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.swasa.co.sz

Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.

Violators may be prosecuted.

ii ©SWASA 2011 – All rights reserved

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Table of changes

Clause Changed Date Change

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Swaziland National Standard was prepared by Technical committee SWASA/TC 26 Electrical and mechanical

engineering in accordance with procedures of the Swaziland Standards Authority, in compliance with Annex 3 of

the WTO/TBT Agreement.

During the preparation of this national standard assistance was derived from the following documents:Kenyan

standard KS 1515:2000 Code of practice for inspection of road vehicles and South African standard SANS

10047:2009, The testing of motor vehicles for roadworthiness.

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1 Scope

This standard gives requirements for the examination and testing for roadworthiness of vehicles used on public roads.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SWASA Standards Division.

SANS 1046 (SABS 1046), Lights and light-signalling devices installed on motor vehicles and trailers. SANS 1051-1, Braking – Part 1: General. SANS 1051-2, Braking – Part 2: Response time of braking devices on vehicles fitted with compressed-air braking devices. SANS 1051-3, Braking – Part 3: Energy sources and reservoirs. SANS 1051-4, Braking – Part 4: Spring brakes. SANS 1051-5, Braking – Part 5: Parking brakes: Mechanically locked brake cylinder (lock actuator) type. SANS 1051-6, Braking – Part 6: Distribution of braking effort and compatibility of vehicles in combination. SANS 1055, Rear underrun protection devices. SANS 1080 (SABS 1080), Restraining devices (safety belts) for occupants of adult build in motor vehicles. SANS 1116-2, Retro-reflective number plates for motor vehicles – Part 2: Metal. SANS 1116-4, Retro-reflective number plates for motor vehicles – Part 4: Plastics. SANS 1207 (SABS 1207), Braking.


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SANS 1376-1, Lights for motor vehicles – Part 1: Incandescent lamps. SANS 1376-2, Lights for motor vehicles – Part 2: Headlights. SANS 1376-3, Lights for motor vehicles – Part 3: Secondary lights. SANS 1447-1, Braking (motor and towed vehicles, designed for low speed or for use off public roads) – Part 1: Low speed vehicles. SANS 1447-2, Braking (motor and towed vehicles, designed for low speed or for use off public roads) – Part 2: Low speed trailers. SANS 1496, Wheel flaps fitted to motor vehicles. SANS 1550-1, Motor vehicle tyres and rims – Dimensions and loads – Part 1: General. SANS 1550-2, Motor vehicle tyres and rims – Dimensions and loads – Part 2: Passenger car tyres. SANS 1550-3, Motor vehicle tyres and rims – Dimensions and loads – Part 3: Commercial vehicle tyres. SANS 1550-6, Motor vehicle tyres and rims – Dimensions and loads – Part 6: Agricultural vehicle tyres. SANS 10013-1, The determination of performance (at net power) of internal combustion engines – Part 1: Road vehicle internal combustion engines at sea level. SANS 10013-2, The determination of performance (at net power) of internal combustion engines – Part 2: Compression ignition engines at altitude. SANS 10013-3, The determination of performance (at net power) of internal combustion engines – Part 3: Agricultural vehicle internal combustion engines at sea level. SANS 10168 (SABS 0168), The installation of restraining devices (safety belts) in motor vehicles. SANS 10216, Evaluation of vehicle test stations. SANS 20013/ECE R13, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles of categories M, N and O with regard to braking. SANS 20036/ECE R36, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of large passenger vehicles with regard to their general construction. SANS 20043/ECE R43, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing materials and their installation on vehicles. SANS 20052/ECE R52, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of M 2 and M 3 small capacity vehicles with regard to their general construction. SANS 20114/ECE R104, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of retro-reflective markings for vehicles of category M, N and O. SANS 20117/ECE R107, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category M2 or M3 vehicles with regard to their general construction.


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3 Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.

3.1 acceptable in relation to equipment used, acceptable to the appointed inspectorate authority 3.2 bus motor vehicle designed or adapted solely for the conveyance of more than 30 persons, including the driver but does not exceed 22 metres in length 3.3 bus-train motor vehicle designed or adapted for the conveyance of more than 30 persons, including the driver and

is more than 22 metres long 3.4 examiner a person who assesses/examines vehicles appointed as such under the Road Traffic Act 3.5 excessive excessive in the opinion of the examiner, taking due cognizance of the manufacturer's specifications, where available, and also of the specifications contained in the national road traffic regulations

3.6

heavy vehicle including a goods vehicle or a bus of gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kg, or any other vehicle of tare mass exceeding 3 500 kg

3.7 inspectorate any person who have been appointed as such to carry out an inspection and to perfom such other functions as the Minister may dertemine 3.8 Importation any motor vehicle sourced from outside Swaziland 3.9 midibus a motor vehicle designed or adapted solely or principally for the conveyance of more than (17), but not more than (30) persons, including the driver 3.10 minibus motor vehicle designed or adapted solely or principally for the conveyance of more than nine but not more than 16 persons, including the driver


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3.11

motor cycle motor vehicle that has two wheels, including any such vehicle that has a side car attached

3.12

motor quadrucycle motor vehicle, other than a tractor, that has four wheels and that is designed to be driven using the type of

controls usually fitted to a motor cycle

3.13

motor tricycle

a motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle with a side-car or tractor, which has three wheels and which is

designed to be driven by the type of controls usually fitted to a motor cycle

3.14

Registrar a person appointed Registrar of Road Traffic

3.15

rear underrun protection device structure that is designed to prevent a vehicle from riding under the motor vehicle to which the structure

is fitted

3.16

roadworthy descriptive of a vehicle that complies with the relevant provisions of the relevant national legislation and

this standard, and that is otherwise in a fit condition to be operated on a public road

3.17

school bus

bus or minibus owned by or contracted to or on behalf of a school and used principally for the

conveyance of school children and other persons associated with the school

4 Testing procedure

4.1 General

The criteria for roadworthiness given in this standard are intended to cover all the relevant requirements

laid down by the relevant national legislation. It is the duty of the examiner of vehicles to keep

himself/herself informed of any future amendments to the said legislation and to examine vehicles for

compliance with such legislation and, if necessary, to extend the inspection record accordingly.

The inspection criteria are limited to safety and identification. The issue of a certification of roadworthiness or roadworthy certificate cannot in any way be regarded as a guarantee of the soundness of construction or mechanical condition of the vehicle. All road vehicles shall be subjected to inspection carried out by an authorized government body before

importation. All road vehicles shall be subjected to inspection carried out by the Swazi Government

Vehicle Inspection Centre or any other authorized and accredited vehicle inspection agent before

registration.

Imported road vehicles shall be accompanied by a certificate of road worthiness from the exporting

country.

Road vehicles shall be inspected in inspection centres approved by relevant authority.

Equipment used in inspection centres shall be certified by a relevant authority.


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Left hand drive vehicles shall not be accepted for registration, unless they are for special purposes.

All commercial vehicles which are more than 12 years, private use vehicles more than nine years and public service vehicles more than five years from the date of manufacture shall not be allowed for importation.

4.2 Facilities

4.2.1 Testing of vehicles shall be carried out with the use of appropriate equipment and facilities that comply with the provisions of SANS 10216.

4.2.2 In the case of a vehicle that cannot be tested at a vehicle test station because of the vehicle's dimensions, configuration or mass or because its speed capability is less than 15 km/h (for example tractors, and certain roadmarking, earthmoving, excavation, construction and loading machinery), the vehicle may be tested on site.

This on-site testing has to be by prior arrangement with the management of the vehicle test station,

subject to the availability of manpower.

4.2.3 On completion of the test, a record of the inspection shall be kept by the vehicle test station.

4.2.4 In the case of site testing, in addition to the requirements of 4.5, the inspection record shall state the inspection site and any deviation from the technical procedures laid down in this standard.

4.2.5 In the case of adapted vehicles for the disabled, exceptions in respect of this standard may be allowed, at the discretion of the examiner, in the case of driving controls. The road test may be carried out by a disabled driver in the company of the examiner

4.3 Cleanliness The vehicle presented for an examination and test shall be sufficiently clean so that all parts can be easily identified and examined. Failure to comply with this provision may result in the rejection of the vehicle.

4.4 Identification

4.4.1 The examiner shall satisfy himself/herself that the vehicle presented for examination is the vehicle described in the application for examination. 4.4.2 Identification particulars of a vehicle shall be obtained from the vehicle itself. Documentation and the information contained in the office of the Registrar shall be correlated. 4.4.3 If the engine or chassis/VIN number has been obliterated, altered, defaced or does not correspond with the registration certificate or any other acceptable document, the examiner may discontinue the examination and record on the inspection record that a clearance from the national police services will be required before the examination can be continued.

4.5 Inspection record

4.5.1 The vehicle examiner shall carry out the necessary inspections and tests to determine whether the

vehicle has to be rejected or not in terms of clauses 5, 6 or 8 (or a combination of these) and he/she shall

record (in duplicate) his/her findings on an inspection record.

4.5.2 In the case of buses and minibuses, the inspection record shall also include items that are only

applicable to these vehicles.


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4.5.3 If the vehicle does not comply with the relevant items in this standard, the examiner shall state in

the inspection record which items require attention or correction.

4.5.4 One copy of the inspection record shall be handed to the owner or person presenting the vehicle for

inspection and a duplicate copy shall be filed for future reference.

4.6 Certification of roadworthiness If, after completing the examination and tests required in terms of this standard, the examiner finds no cause for rejection, he/she shall issue, or authorize the issue of, a roadworthy certificate.

4.7 Circumstances under which a test may be stopped The examiner may discontinue the test if a) there is a risk to the safety of the examiner, b) the vehicle is not sufficiently cleaned for examination (see 4.3), c) the particulars of the vehicle appear to have been tampered with or do not match the particulars on the records to the extent specified in the procedures issued by the relevant national transport authority (see 4.4), and d) the vehicle cannot be started using its normal means, for example self-starter or crank handle.

5 Rejection criteria for all vehicles

5.1 General Vehicles shall be examined and tested in regard to each provision of this standard, as relevant. In the absence of any listed defect, the vehicles shall be deemed roadworthy; otherwise they shall be rejected as indicated. All examinations and tests shall be recorded on inspection records. The vehicle shall be rejected if the engine or chassis number has been tampered with. NOTE 1 The relevant national legislation provides for certain vehicles, namely industrial, earthmoving and agricultural machines, to be excluded from certain provisions of the regulations. NOTE 2 Special consideration should be given to vehicles that were manufactured before 1965, or that, by nature of their design, do not comply with the requirements of the relevant national legislation relevant to number plate size, headlamps, rear lamps, stop lamps, direction indicators, windows, rear-view mirrors, safety belts, brakes, fuel tanks, side cars on motor cycles, entrances and exits and speedometers. If, in the opinion of the vehicle examiner, such vehicles comply with their original design performance standards in respect of these requirements and are in a safe mechanical condition, they should not be rejected.

5.2 Information and registration details 5.2.1 Number plates (if fitted) In the case of a registered vehicle, reject if a) the number plates are not secure, or


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b) the number plates do not comply with SANS 1116-2 or SANS 1116-4, where applicable, or c) the number plates are broken, cracked, discoloured, peeling, wrinkled or blistered to such an extent that their legibility and reflectivity are affected, or if they have any sharp edges, or d) there is a licence number, licence disc or permit or anything that is not applicable to the vehicle, or e) illegal lettering and numbers are used, or f) not all letters and figures are legible and visible.

5.2.2 Obstruction test (number plates) Stand at position A (see figure 1), which is directly in front of the centre of the face of the number plate. Move to position B, which is 20 m away. Line AB is perpendicular to the face of the number plate. Read the number plate from position B. Move 5 m to the right of position B to position C. Line BC is perpendicular to line AB. Read the number plate from position C. Return to position B, and move 5 m to the left of position B to position D. Line BD is also perpendicular to line AB. Read the number plate from position D.

Dimentions in metres

Figure 1- Positions for the obstruction test


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5.2.3 Information display NOTE If the vehicle is fitted with an information plate as mentioned in 5.2.4, the provisions of this subclause are not applicable. Reject if, in the case of a bus, a minibus or a goods vehicle, the following information is not marked (in kilograms), in letters and figures of height at least 40 mm that are clearly legible at all times: a) the tare (T); b) the permissible maximum vehicle mass (V); and c) when relevant, the permissible maximum drawing vehicle mass (D/T). 5.2.4 Information plates ― General Reject if, in the case of: – a bus, or a goods vehicle of gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kg, or – a minibus, midibus, bus or a goods vehicle of gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3 500 kg and first registered on or after 1 January 1989, an information plate or self-adhesive tamper-proof label as specified in the relevant national legislation, clearly imprinted or stamped with those items listed below that are relevant (in kilograms or kilowatts, as applicable), is not affixed in a conspicuous and readily accessible position on a part that is not subject to replacement or, in the case of a trailer, on the left- hand side: a) the tare (T); b) the gross vehicle mass (GVM/BVM); c) the gross axle massload or axle unit massload of each axle or axle unit (GA/BA or GAU/BAE); d) in the case of a semi-trailer, the gross kingpin massload (GKM/BSM); e) the gross combination mass (GCM/BKM), provided that this item does not apply to a semi-trailer; f) the maximum net engine power at sea level in accordance with SANS 10013-1 (P/D); g) the permissible maximum vehicle mass (V); h) the permissible axle massload or axle unit massload of each axle or axle unit (A or AU/AE); i) the permissible maximum drawing vehicle mass (D/T); and j) in the case of a vehicle that has to comply with SANS 1051 (all parts), or SANS 1207 or SANS 20013 and that is fitted with a load-sensing valve, the setting information; and k) the vehicle identification number (VIN). NOTE If any of the information is incorrect, or if modifications to the vehicle have obviously affected the tare, the information given on the plate may have to be verified.


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5.2.5 Information plates ― Tractors that operate on a public road Reject a tractor that operates on a public road if an information plate similar to that described in 5.2.4 is not affixed in a conspicuous and readily accessible position on a part that is not subject to replacement, and shows the following:

a) the maximum net engine power in accordance with SANS 10013 (parts 1, 2 or 3), where applicable;

b) the gross combination mass (GCM/BKM); and

c) the permissible maximum drawing vehicle mass (D/T).

NOTE For the purpose of 5.2.4 and 5.2.5, annex A gives the step-by-step procedure for vehicle plating to establish the permissible loadings and check the information plate for correctness.

5.3 Smoke emission

Reject if,

a) in the case of any type of engine, the exhaust smoke emission is so dense during a road test that it would, in the opinion of the examiner, hinder other road users, or b) the engine emits excessive smoke or fumes, or c) except in the case of slip joints on heavy vehicles where slight leaks are acceptable, the exhaust gas leaves the exhaust system by means other than through the silencer or muffling device, or d) the exhaust pipe or silencer is in such a position that oil or other flammable liquid or material can drip or fall onto it, or is not in efficient working order, or is so placed and maintained that exhaust gas or smoke leaks into the driving cab or passenger compartment of the vehicle, or e) the exhaust system is within 25 mm of any hydraulic brake system pipe unless it has been properly insulated, or f) any exhaust gases are discharged onto any fuel container, fuel hose, spare wheel (if fitted), battery or any part of the brake system, or g) the exhaust system is not secure. NOTE If there is excessive noise at discretion of an examiner, the vehicle should be tested in accordance with SANS 10181 or be referred to the nearest law enforcement authority for testing.

5.4 Road wheels and hubs

Reject if:

a) the flanges or the tyre-retaining rings are fractured or cracked, or b) any stud hole is excessively worn, or c) any wheel stud, nut or bolt is loose or is missing, or d) the ends of any tyre-retaining ring are butting, or e) any wheel is excessively distorted (outside of the manufacturer's specification), bent or cracked,

or


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f) any half-shaft bolt, nut or stud is loose or is missing, or g) any part shows signs of having been repaired or modified by heating or welding, or h) any balance weights are not secure, or i) any interchangeable (quickly detachable) wheels have excessive backlash in their splines, or j) on visual observation, any road wheel does not run reasonably true, or k) when the front wheels are lifted off the ground and rocked top and bottom, a wheel has excessive movement measured at the circumference of the tyre, or l) spoked wheels have loose, missing or broken spokes, or m) any wheel rim does not comply with the load and pressure tables of SANS 1550-2, SANS 1550-3 and SANS 1550-6, or, in the case of motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles, the manufacturer's specification.

5.5 Size and type of tyres

5.5.1 Reject if: a) the wheel massloads of the tyres are less than required in relation to the maximum permissible axle or axle unit massload (A or AU/AE) and the permissible maximum vehicle mass (V) of the vehicle, in accordance with the load and pressure tables given in SANS 1550 (parts 1, 2 and 3), or b) one of the tyres of a dual wheel does not make ground contact when the vehicle is unladen on a flat surface, or c) any tyre is of a different size or type (i.e. cross-ply or radial-ply) from any other on the same axle, or d) in the case of 14-inch minibus wheels, commercial tyres of 6.00 × 14LT are not fitted, or e) in the case of motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles, tyres are clearly marked for off-road use only.

NOTE Where the information on a tyre is not given in SANS 1550 (parts 1, 2, 3 and 6), consult with the manufacturer of the tyre.

f) a commercial radial ply (marked with a "C") is not used on a 16-seater with a 1 700 kg rear axle "A"

rating. g) regrooved tyres are fitted.

NOTE Regrooved tyres have little tread, often an uneven tread pattern and often with exposed body cords in the tread grooves. 5.5.2 A minibus, midibus, or bus operating in terms of an operating licence issued in accordance with the provisions of the relevant national legislation , shall be fitted with commercial steel radial tyres or tyres specified by the vehicle manufacturer. NOTE Some useful information is provided in annex A.


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Reject if, shown: a) that the load-carrying capacity of the tyres on an axle is less than the "A" rating for the axle (see annex A), b) that the total load-carrying capacities of the vehicle tyres are less than the permissible maximum vehicle mass "V", or c) that the vehicle capacity is incorrect in relation to the number of passengers to be carried (take the number of people, times 68 kg, to determine "T". The result shall not be more than the permissible maximum vehicle mass "V"). 5.5.3 When tyres on vehicles that are designed for normal road use, are marked a) "not for highway use", or b) "not for highway use – off road", or have similar marking, the vehicle shall be rejected

5.6 Condition of tyres

Reject if:

a) a regrooved tyre is fitted to a wheel rim, b) the tyres on dual wheels, when correctly inflated, make wall contact owing to incorrect wheel fitment, or c) a tyre sidewall has a break in the fabric or has a cut, the length of which (in either case) exceeds 25 mm or 10% of the section width, whichever is the greater, and is deep enough to reach the body cords, or d) a tyre has a lump or bulge apparently caused by separation or partial failure of its structure, or shows any lifting of the tread rubber, or e) the spacing of dual wheels is less than that recommended by SANS 1550-3, or, if there is no information in SANS 1550-3, the spacing is less than that recommended by the tyre manufacturer, or f) any portion of the ply or cord structure of the tyre is exposed, or g) when the height of the tread-wear indicators is less than 1 mm deep over the full width of the tread (or in the case of motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles of engine capacity not exceeding 50 cc, at least 80% of the full width of the tread), at any position on the tread or, in the case of a pneumatic tyre that contains tyre tread depth indicators, if the tread is level with the tyre tread depth indicator, or NOTE Tiebars (see figure 3) are part of the design of the tyre. They are much higher than the tread-wear indicator. When the tyre has worn to such an extent that the surface of the tyre is level with the tiebar, the tyre is still roadworthy. h) a tyre fouls any part of the vehicle under any conditions, or


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i) a tyre allows the metal part of the wheel to contact or damage the road surface, or is likely to be a danger, or j) a motor cycle/tricycle/quadrucycle is fitted with a retreaded tyre, or k) the vehicle is fitted with a regrooved tyre, unless specified by the manufacturer on the sidewall of the tyre. NOTE The use of a manufacturer-supplied temporary spare wheel is not considered to be grounds for rejection, provided that the spare wheel is used for emergencies only.

5.7 Bumper bars, protective devices (bull bars), bonnets, roof carriers and similar fittings

Reject if:

a) a bumper bar, protective device, bonnet, roof carrier or similar fitting is not secure or has sharp edges

that could cause injury, or

b) any lamp, retro-reflector or number plate is obscured by the bumper bar or protective device, or

c) in the case of no bumper bar or protective device being fitted, there are sharp edges that could cause

injury.

5.8 Wheel flaps

Reject if:

a) a trailer with a GVM exceeding 3 500 kg or a bus or a goods vehicle with a GVM exceeding 7 500 kg (excluding a chassis, a cab and chassis, a truck-tractor or a vehicle that is excluded by the provisions of SANS 1496 owing to its design) is not fitted with wheel flaps which are in good condition, or

b) the wheel flaps do not comply with SANS 1496.

5.9 Trailer coupling on drawing vehicle

5.9.1 Drawbar eye or hook

Reject if:

a) the drawbar eye or hook or the pin, where appropriate, is not secure, or is excessively distorted or

excessively worn, or

b) the locking or safety devices are not in position or are not working correctly. 5.9.2 Fifth wheel coupling

Reject if

a) the fifth wheel assembly is not securely fitted to the chassis with the correct grade and number of

fasteners, or

b) the safety locking device is missing, or is inadequate, damaged or ill-fitting, or


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c) any part is missing, broken, cracked, loose or excessively worn, or

d) the wear in the wheel jaw exceeds the limit when checked using an acceptable vernier gauge or fifth

wheel jaw gauge.

5.9.3 Towing bracket, coupling ball and tow bar Reject if: a) the towing bracket is loose, badly welded or, in the opinion of the examiner, incorrectly or not securely fitted to the drawing vehicle, or b) the coupling ball is welded or shows signs of excessive wear, or c) the tow bar is loose, badly welded or, in the opinion of the examiner, incorrectly fitted to the drawing vehicle, or d) any part is cracked, broken or incomplete, or e) the anchorage points around the tow bar location are bent or corroded, or f) when a tow hitch pin is fitted, there is no locking facility, or g) in the case of a bus-train, the operator of the vehicle fails to produce a calibration certificate to certify that he/she has separated the two parts of the bus-train and examined the ball coupling and repaired, replaced or adjusted it, as necessary.

5.10 Coupling on trailer

5.10.1 Trailer drawbar

Reject if a) the coupling is distorted, fractured or loose, or b) the safety devices are not fitted or are not working correctly, or c) there is excessive wear on the drawbar coupling, bushes or buckles, or d) the drawbar bolts or mounting bolts are missing or are not of the correct grade, size and number, or e) the drawbar length of any trailer, where such trailer has more than one axle, exceeds 2 m: provided that in the case of an underslung coupling, the drawbar may exceed 2 m, provided that the distance between the two vehicles does not exceed 2,5 m. 5.10.2 Semi-trailer kingpin 5.10.2.1 Reject if:

a) the wear in the kingpin exceeds the limit when the kingpin is checked by using an acceptable kingpin and fifth wheel gauge, or

b) the attachment of the kingpin is not secure, or

c) any part is excessively worn, or

d) any mounting bolts are missing or are not of the correct grade, number and size.


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NOTE It is the duty of the driver to clean the surfaces of the kingpin or fifth wheel for inspection.

The maximum wear allowed on a kingpin is:

a) 3 mm on a 89 mm diameter pin (2 mm on the 114 mm top part); and

b) 1,8 mm on a 50,8 mm diameter pin (2 mm on the 73 mm top part).

NOTE An example of go and no-go gauges is given in figure 2.

5.10.2.2 Coupling socket Reject if: a) the locking mechanism does not work correctly, or b) the safety locking devices are missing or do not work correctly, or c) the socket has been welded, or d) there is excessive wear on the coupling or pins, or e) any part is cracked, broken or incomplete. 5.11 Trailer landing legs Reject if: a) the landing legs do not operate correctly, or b) the landing legs are not securely fixed to the chassis, or c) any of the mounting bolts or cross-bearing members is damaged, cracked or missing. 5.12 Rear underrun protection devices

Except for the vehicles excluded by SANS 1055 and listed in the relevant national legislation, reject if, irrespective of its first registration date, a goods vehicle with the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 12 000 kg or a trailer of which the gross vehicle mass exceeds 3 500 kg, is not fitted with rear underrun protection devices that comply with the requirements given in SANS 1055.

18 ©SWASA 2011 – All rights reserved SZNS 007:2011

5.13 Mudguards

Reject if a mudguard or other similar fitting:

a) is not securely fixed or is excessively corroded, or

b) has a tear or jagged edge that could cause injury, or

c) is rubbing on a tyre (in the case of a steering axle, including when the wheels are on full lock).

5.14 Cab mounting 5.14.1 Defects to look for are: a) corroded sharp edges that can cause injury to pedestrians or cyclists, or damage to other vehicles; b) corrosion that can significantly affect safety when it affects structural parts, for example around seat mounting points, seatbelt mounting points, door hinges and latches, pedal mounting and bonnet mounting, door pillars and floors; and c) holes in body panels that can cause injury or affect safety. Reject if such defects are found. 5.14.2 Reject if:

a) the cab is not mounted securely to the chassis, or

b) a retention or safety device on a tilt cab is defective or excessively worn, or

c) air pipes, hydraulic pipes or electric cables are liable to become trapped or subjected to excessive

stress.

5.15 Load body or side car 5.15.1 Reject if:

a) the load body is not properly secured to the chassis, or

b) the condition of the load body adversely affects the safe operation of the vehicle, or

c) the load body or side car is not capable of securing and containing a load, or

d) the load body or side car is not positioned squarely on the chassis. 5.15.2 Body rust is not necessarily a cause for rejection unless there are weaknesses of structural parts, vehicle safety is affected, or sharp edges that are exposed are likely to cause damage to pedestrians.

5.16 Motor cycle/tricycle/quadrucycle fittings 5.16.1 Non-essential projections Examine the vehicle for non-essential projections, and reject if there is any projection that has been caused by broken, damaged or dislodged rear-view mirror brackets, mudguards, footrests, stands, bolts, etc.


SZNS 007:2011

5.16.2 Security of fittings Examine the vehicle for security of all fittings (including fairings, footrests, pillion seats, centre stands and side stands), and reject if any fitting is not securely and adequately attached to the vehicle. 5.16.3 Footrests Examine the footrests, and reject if any footrest is neither fitted with a rubber nor has a non-slip surface. 5.16.4 Mudguards If a vehicle that was originally fitted with mudguards is not so equipped, reject it unless (when relevant) the body of the vehicle adequately serves the same purpose. 5.16.5 Stands Check the centre stand (if fitted) and the side stand. Reject if either or both are not capable of supporting the vehicle safely. 5.16.6 Chain guards Reject if a chain guard that was originally fitted to the vehicle is missing. 5.16.7 Sprocket cover Reject if the sprocket cover is missing. 5.16.8 Self-closing throttle Reject if the vehicle does not have a self-closing throttle. 5.16.9 Levers Reject if any hand lever is damaged to the extent that its strength or efficiency is diminished.

5.17 Safety belts (restraints) Examine all safety belts and their anchorages, and reject if: a) any motor car first registered after 1964 but before 1 July 1978 that does not have a safety belt fitted to each of the two front outboard seats, or b) any motor car first registered on or after 1 July 1978, where the roof of that motor car forms an integral part of the bodywork, that has no harness belt or three-point belt fitted to each of the two front outboard seats, or c) any motor car first registered on or after 1 July 1978, where the roof of that motor car does not form an integral part of the bodywork, that has no safety belt fitted to each of the two front outboard seats, or


SZNS 007:2011 d) any motor car or box-type construction vehicle that has only two rows of seats, excluding seating positions that have seats of the folding (tip-up), rearward facing or sideways facing type, first registered on or after 1 January 1988, that has no lap belt or three-point belt fitted to each of the two rear outboard seats, excluding rebuilt vehicles originally manufactured before this date and first registered after this date, or e) any minibus of gross vehicle mass exceeding 2 500 kg,

1) that does not have a safety belt fitted for the driver’s seat, or 2) that, if the front seat has seating accommodation for other persons, does not have at least one safety belt fitted, or

f) any minibus, bus or goods vehicle of gross vehicle mass not exceeding 2 500 kg, first registered on or after 1 January 1979, or of gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3 500 kg, first registered on or after 1 January 1987, 1) that does not have at least a harness belt or three-point belt fitted for the driver, and 2) that, if the front seat has seating accommodation for other persons, does not have at least one other harness belt or three-point belt fitted, or g) any minibus or midibus, first registered after 1 July 2006, operating in terms of an operating licence issued in accordance with the provisions of the relevant national legislation unless seatbelts are fitted for the driver and all passengers, or h) if any device is present that could be responsible for the introduction of slackness of the safety belt tension, or i) if any safety belt

1) is frayed, split or torn, or 2) has a loose or defective buckle, or 3) is improperly installed, or its anchorages are damaged or defective to the extent that the effectiveness of the anchorage is reduced, or 4) does not comply with the requirements of SANS 1080, or 5) does not bear the national or international mark of approval, except in the case of older seat belts where normal wear and tear has caused the marks to come off, or

j) the belt configuration for passengers at the rear is not at least a two-point belt (also referred to as a lap-type belt). NOTE Box-type construction vehicles that contain at least three rows of seats, including sideways facing seats, are only required to have seat belts fitted to the front seats.

5.18 Doors

Reject if:

a) a door is jammed or so secured that it cannot be opened, or

b) a door will not remain securely closed, or


SZNS 007:2011

c) the hinges, catches or pillars of a door are loose to the extent that the door is not secure when closed, or d) except in the case of official vehicles conveying prisoners, and security vehicles, a door cannot be opened from both the inside and the outside, or e) a safety catch is not functioning correctly, or f) the window winders or the window opening mechanisms (or both) are not in good working order.

5.19 Floor and steps Reject if: a) the floor is not secure or is excessively rusted or broken, or b) a step is loose, or is excessively rusted or has a jagged edge that could cause injury, or c) anything is present that could interfere with the movements of the pedals.

5.20 Seats NOTE See also 6.4 and 8.4. 5.20.1 In cases where no weld nuts are fitted, or where other types of seat are fitted, provision shall be made to make the fitment of the seats of suitable length. A typical construction is shown in figure 3.

5.20.2 In cases where additional seats are fitted, similar following mounting procedures shall be followed:

a) The backing plate shall 1) be at least 3 mm thick, 22 ©SWASA 2011 – All rights reserved

SZNS 007:2011

2) have an area of at least 4 000 mm 2 in contact with the mounting surface, 3) have rounded corners (minimum radius 10 mm), and 4) not foul any brake or fuel pipe or electric wires.

b) There shall be at least four anchorage points per seat. c) The bolts used shall be at least M10 (grade 8.8). d) Lock nuts, spring washers or an equivalent form of locking shall be used. e) The bolts shall engage all the threads of the nuts. f) The seats shall not have sharp edges. g) If the original seats fitted have safety belts, the replacement seats shall also be fitted with safety belts. 5.20.3 In the case of vehicles with fibre-glass floors, points for seats or safety belts shall have adequate reinforcement, i.e. unless the body frame is built, or the floor reinforced, to withstand the load. 5.20.4 Reject if: a) the driving seat is in such a condition that it could cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle, or b) any seat or bunk is not secure or is unsafe, or c) in the case of a vehicle that complies with the relevant national legislation , the driving seat is not adjustable and has no partition immediately behind it and is not so placed as to afford the driver ample space for controlling the minibus, midibus or bus.

5.21 Mirrors Reject if: a) less than 75% of the width of an exterior rear-view mirror can be seen when one is standing at the rear of the vehicle in line with the appropriate outer edge of the body, or b) any mirror or its mounting bracket is loose, or c) any mirror is so cracked that vision is impaired, or so discoloured that vision is affected, or d) any mirror has a loose reflective surface, or e) mirrors are not fitted as required by the relevant national legislation . NOTE Since 31 December 1990, rear-view mirrors are required to be fitted on the left side and on the right side of handlebars of motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles.

©SWASA 2011 – All rights reserved 23 SZNS 007:2011

5.22 View to front and sides Reject if the driver does not have a full and clear view to the front and sides when he/she is in the driving position.

5.23 Windows and windscreen NOTE See also 6.5 and 8.5. Reject if: a) the windscreen is so cracked, clouded or otherwise defective that the driver's day view or night view is

affected or obstructed, or b) the windscreen cracks obscure the driver's view in the control zone. The control zone runs from above

the steering wheel to just under the sun visor (with the sun visor down), and within the driver's windscreen wiper sweep area, or

c) windscreen cracks weaken the screen, or d) the windscreen cracks have sharp edges, or e) cracks in the window restrict the driver's view in the outside rear-view mirror on the left side, or f) the glass is not permanently marked with the trade name or trademark of the manufacturer, or the trade

name of the glass, or g) the glass is not clearly identifiable as safety glass, or h) material other than glass is fitted as a windscreen, window or transparent partition, except that

1) roof windows, and windows and partitions in side cars, in buses and in passenger semi- trailers may be of ultra-high-impact acrylic or polycarbonate plastics materials that are marked with the trade name or trademark of the manufacturer or with the trade name of the material and with a permanent material identification mark, and

2) flexible windows or partitions that fold away may be of plastics material, and

3) windows in trailers (and in caravans registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1987)

may be of ordinary acrylic or polycarbonate plastics materials, or i) the windscreen is so tinted that the visible light transmitted is less than 70%, or j) except in the case of a window in the roof, or windows complying with SANS 20043, or frosted or

white glass in ambulances or hearses, any other window apart from the windscreen, is so tinted that the visible light transmitted is less than 35%, or

k) a windshield (if fitted) is so badly fitted or cracked that it is, in the opinion of the examiner, dangerous

to the driver, or l) any film or tinting material applied to any windscreen, window or partition is not free from bubbles,

tears or scratches, or m) any film or material with a textured surface or any fixture or attachment is positioned over or applied

to a windscreen, window or partition in such a manner that its presence reduces visibility through such windscreen, window or partition in any direction.


SZNS 007:2011

5.24 Windscreen wipers (if a windscreen is fitted) Reject if: a) the vehicle is not fitted with at least one windscreen wiper in front of the driver, that is capable of clearing the driver's view adequately, or b) a wiper is designed for manual operation only, or c) the wiper mechanism or the blade or the control is not sufficiently operational to ensure a clear view for the driver, or d) the wiper blades have cracks, or e) the wiper blades are torn.

5.25 Speedometer Reject if: a) the dial illumination does not work properly, or b) the speedometer is not in good working order.

5.26 Hooter or audible warning device Reject if: a) the hooter is not clearly audible to a person of normal hearing at a distance of at least 90 m, or b) the pitch varies, unless 1) the vehicle is an ambulance, a rescue vehicle, a civil protection vehicle, a police vehicle or a fire-fighting vehicle, when the sound shall be as prescribed in the relevant national legislation , or 2) the sound is emitted from an anti-theft device that incorporates a siren, or c) the hooter is not operated by a button or switch that breaks contact automatically when it is released.

5.27 Driving controls Reject if: a) a control is functionally incomplete or is cracked, fractured, excessively corroded or not secure, or if any fasteners are missing, or b) a control is obstructed or impeded in its travel, or c) a control is so positioned that, when operated, it will impair proper control of the vehicle, or d) ancillary equipment or any other items liable to interfere with proper control of the vehicle are present, or


e) any pedal, other than the accelerator pedal, does not have the manufacturer's anti-slip provision (which could include a grooved metal surface) or the pedal surfaces are smooth metal, or f) any electrical equipment intended to be operated by the driver is not provided with a proper working switch, or g) when the front wheels are in the straight-ahead position, the steering wheel obscures the speedometer or the low air-pressure warning device, or both.

5.28 Steering wheel Reject if:

a) a vehicle belongs to any of the following groups first registered on or after 23 July 2004, and the

steering wheel is on the left-hand side: 1) a goods vehicle with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kg; 2) a minibus or midibus with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kg or that is designed or adapted to carry 12 or more persons, including the driver; 3) a bus; 4) a breakdown vehicle; or 5) a motor vehicle used for the conveyance of persons for financial gain, b) any vehicle, first registered on or after the time specified on the relevant national legislation , and the steering wheel is on the left-hand side, or NOTE This does not apply to a vehicle manufactured, built or imported by a registered manufacturer, builder or importer for the purpose of export or for the purpose of testing, assessment or development and is operated on the public roads in terms of a motor trade number. c) the play at the steering wheel exceeds 45° or the manufacturer's recommendation, or d) there is any relative movement between the steering column shaft and the steering wheel, or e) the retaining device on the steering wheel hub is missing, or f) the steering wheel hub, rim or any spoke is broken or damaged, or g) the steering wheel is obviously home-made, or h) the steering wheel is of a size that is unsafe to control the vehicle or permanently obscures instruments, or i) the steering is inoperative, or j) the steering wheel is fitted with any anti-theft device that enables the steering wheel to be disconnected from the steering mechanism, or k) access to the vehicle is restricted by the (too big) steering wheel.


SZNS 007:2011

5.29 Steering column Reject if: a) the centre of the steering wheel exhibits excessive up and down (end float) movement in line with the steering column, or b) the top of the steering column exhibits excessive radial movement from the axis of the steering column (side play), or c) a flexible coupling or universal joint is excessively worn or is not secure, or d) any fasteners are missing, or e) there are any signs of repair by heating or welding, or f) a column or rod is damaged or bent, or g) a collapsible column or rod has been repaired after collapse, or h) adjustable columns do not lock in all positions designed by the manufacturer, or there are modifications not approved by the manufacturer.

5.30 Handlebars and steering (motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles only) Examine the handlebars, front forks, connections and components from the handlebars to the front wheel or wheels and reject if: a) handlebars are not symmetrical, or b) the distance between the outside edges of the handlebars is not at least:

1) 600 mm for a motor cycle/tricycle/quadrucycle with an engine capacity of 200 cc or more, and 2) 500 mm on all other motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles, or

c) the outer ends of the hand grips are:

1) higher than 500 mm above the seat, or 2) lower than the seat, or 3) more than 800 mm apart, or

d) handlebars are reconstructed or modified, or e) the steering locks on both sides are not approximately the same, or f) the handlebars foul any part of the vehicle, or g) with the handbrake applied, there is any bending or twisting or, with the front wheels lifted off the ground, excess stiffness, roughness, looseness or forward or backward play of the steering, or


h) the steering damper (if fitted) is not in good condition, and where relevant, not capable of adjustment, or i) there is any play on the fork, or j) there is an excessive amount of lost motion (backlash) in the steering mechanism from the straight-ahead position, or k) the free movement of the handlebar is excessive, or j) when an assistant moves the handlebars gently to and fro, and the connections and joints of the front forks and components are carefully observed,

1) there is any sign that any part of the steering mechanism has been redesigned or modified (other than to incorporate a modification made or approved by the manufacturer), or 2) there is excessive looseness in any connection or joint, or 3) any steering connection is not securely locked, or 4) packing material of any kind has been used in any steering connection or joint in order to take up clearance caused by damage or wear.

NOTE When steering parts are worn to an extent that creates doubt as to whether or not the motor cycle/ tricycle/quadrucycle should be rejected, use the performance of the vehicle during the road test as the deciding factor.

5.31 Air or vacuum warning device of braking systems (where applicable)

Reject if:

a) any motor vehicle is equipped with a service brake that is operated solely on air or vacuum that is not

equipped with an air or vacuum warning device, or

b) any motor vehicle is equipped or intended to draw a trailer and that trailer is fitted with an air or

vacuum brake if the warning device is not fitted in the driving compartment (as indicated in the relevant

regulation of the relevant national legislation of the drawing vehicle as intended by the relevant national

legislation , or

c) the device that is intended to give visible or audible warning of the pressure becoming such that the

brake is incapable of stopping the vehicle as specified in 5.55 and 5.56, is missing or inoperative.

5.32 Braking systems — Build-up of air pressure or vacuum (where applicable) Reject if the time between starting the engine with the reservoirs empty and reaching the operating pressure exceeds the limits specified in SANS 20013 or SANS 1207 or SANS 1051 (all parts), as relevant.

5.33 Hand levers controlling mechanical braking systems (inspection in vehicle) Reject if: a) the brake lever is fractured or excessively corroded, or


SZNS 007:2011

b) the wear of the pawl mechanism or in the lever pivot is excessive, or c) the lever does not operate correctly, or d) any fasteners are missing, or e) any part shows signs of having been repaired by heating or welding.

5.34 Service brake pedal (inspection in vehicle) Reject if: a) there is excessive wear or travel in the pedal or in its linkage, or b) the designed movement of the pedal is obstructed or there is insufficient clearance to allow for any adjustment, or c) any attachments to the pedal assembly are loose, or d) any part shows signs of having been repaired by heating or welding.

5.35 Service brake operation (inspection in vehicle) Reject if: a) the air pressure or vacuum decreases when the pedal is kept depressed with the engine running, or b) in the case of a hydraulic system, there is sponginess or the pedal creeps down when a light, firm pressure is maintained on the pedal, or c) in the case of a vacuum system, no dip can be felt when the engine is started and pressure is maintained on the pedal.

5.36 Hand-operated air brake valves (inspection in vehicle) Reject if: a) there is any fracture, damage or insecure attachment, or b) full travel of the control is obstructed, or c) any connection is loose, or d) there is an audible leak in the system.

5.37 Chassis or frame Reject if: a) there are any cracks in, or if there is excessive corrosion of, any cross member or main member, or b) any cross member or main member is deformed to the extent that the control of the vehicle or safe carriage of the load could be affected, or


SZNS 007:2011 c) any flitch plate, nut, bolt or other fastening between the frame and a cross member is loose or insecure, or is missing, or d) there is any unsatisfactory or suspect welding (in the opinion of the examiner), or e) there has been any modification or drilling that weakens the chassis or frame.

5.38 Electrical wiring and equipment Reject if: a) any wiring is not properly insulated or excessive corrosion is present, or b) any wiring is not secured or is chafing in a manner likely to affect its insulation, or c) the battery and battery carrier are not secure, or d) the battery case is leaking or a battery cap is missing, or e) any switch is loose or does not operate correctly, or any fuses have been substituted with, for example, metal foil, nails or copper wire.

5.39 Engine 5.39.1 Starting and functioning 5.39.1.1 Check whether the engine functions normally. 5.39.1.2 Reject if: a) the engine is not capable of being started by the self-starter or, if not equipped with a self- starter, by means of a crank handle or similar device, or b) the engine is misfiring, or c) the engine lacks power to the extent that the vehicle would hinder road traffic, or d) engine failure appears to be imminent (for example heavy big-end knocking). 5.39.2 Fitting of non-standard engines 5.39.2.1 If any engine is fitted that is not of the standard make and type for that particular vehicle, reject if, in the opinion of the examiner, the engine is excessively powerful for the vehicle in question. 5.39.2.2 Check for driving and steering stability. 5.39.2.3 When a heavier engine has been fitted, check if the chassis had been strengthened to take the bigger load. 5.39.3 Engine cover Reject if the engine is not so covered as not to be a source of danger to any person (motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles are exempted).


SZNS 007:2011

5.40 Engine and transmission mountings Reject if any mounting or mounting bracket: a) is missing or is loose or fractured, or b) has deteriorated to the extent that its effectiveness is impaired, or c) is poorly welded, or d) has had its effectiveness impaired because of cutting of the chassis or the bodywork.

5.41 Drive train (motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles only) Reject if, in the case of a vehicle that has a driving chain and sprockets, a) the chain is out of alignment or not properly tensioned, or b) the chain is excessively worn or the chain guard is missing, or c) the sprocket teeth are "hooked" or otherwise excessively worn.

5.42 Oil leaks Reject if: a) there is oil leaking from any assembly to the extent that the oil visibly moves or drips during inspection, or b) there is any evidence of excessive oil spray, or c) the oil level is not visible on the dip stick, where fitted, or d) with or without the engine running, there are excessive oil leaks, to the extent that the oil visibly moves or drips during inspection.

5.43 Fuel system and fuel tank Ensure that the oil in the engine is at normal level. Start the engine. Examine for leaks and reject if: a) the fuel tank is not secure or if any part of the system is leaking or has, in the opinion of the examiner, been repaired in an unsatisfactory manner, or b) a filler cap is missing or is defective, or c) fuel pipes are damaged, chafed or not secured, or d) there is any leak in the fuel system.


5.44 Suspension units 5.44.1 Springs Reject if: a) any spring is broken or sagging, or has been "packed" (to counter sagging) with materials or all steering components (ball joints), or components other than those specified by the manufacturer, or b) any spring leaf or U-bolt is missing or is loose, broken or cracked, or c) a spring centre bolt or clip is missing or is broken, or d) the springs do not maintain the unladen vehicle in a reasonably level position, or e) there is any crack in the spring cradle, or any part shows signs of having been repaired by heating or welding. 5.44.2 Shackles Reject if: a) a shackle or shackle pin shows excessive wear, or b) the wear in any shackle bearing is excessive, or c) the side clearance in a shackle is excessive, or d) a slipper is fractured, excessively worn or not securely fixed. 5.44.3 Axle locating assembly Reject if:

a) any part is missing, loose, fractured, permanently distorted or damaged, or

b) bearing surfaces show signs of excessive wear, or

c) in the case of bonded suspension units, the flexible element is not firm or there is evidence of failure of

the bond, or

d) the vehicle is "crabbing".

5.44.4 Air suspension Reject if: a) there is an excessive air leak in the system, or

b) the levelling system is defective, or

c) when fully deflated, a suspension bellows is in such a condition that the body of the vehicle fouls any

road wheel, or

d) the vehicle is noticeably leaning.


SZNS 007:2011

5.44.5 Hydraulic suspension Reject if: a) any fittings or hydraulic pipes are loose, chafing or leaking, or b) the operation of the hydraulic system is not as prescribed by the manufacturer. 5.44.6 Front and rear forks (motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles only) Carefully examine the front and rear forks. Reject if: a) there is any sign of re-design or modification (other than a modification made or approved by the manufacturer) of the front forks or suspension, or b) there is any crack, bend or twist (other than bends or twists formed during the original manufacturing process) in the front forks, or c) there is any sign of the forks having been heated or welded (other than during the original manufacturing process), or d) any bolt or rivet is missing, or e) any brake torque arm is not properly secured, or there is excessive play fore and aft in the front forks, or g) rear suspension fork bushes are excessively worn. 5.44.7 Road test (motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles only) Examine the performance of the steering and front suspension in a road test on a road with a reasonably level, dry, smooth and hard surface (this test may be combined with the braking test on the road (see 5.55.2)). Reject if: a) the vehicle cannot maintain a straight-ahead direction, or b) there is evidence of a wheel wobble, or c) any defect becomes apparent when the steering is turned from side to side at a speed of 5 km/h to 10 km/h. 5.44.8 Semi-trailer Reject unless: a) a semi-trailer first registered on or after 1 July 1999 is fitted with only one axle or one axle unit, and b) the axle unit is fitted with only one type of suspension, namely either air suspension, steel suspension or rubber suspension.


SZNS 007:2011

5.45 Shock absorbers Reject if: a) a shock absorber is loose, or b) an anchorage or a linkage is fractured or is excessively worn, or c) a severe fluid or air leak is present, or d) a shock absorber is damaged to the extent that the unit is not functioning correctly, or e) where it can be seen that the vehicle is designed for the fitment of shock absorbers and these are missing, or f) in the case of motor cycles/tricycles/quadrucycles, the front mudguard or frame touches the tyre, when the handlebar is pressed down, or the handlebar "hits back solid" when it is allowed to rebound.

5.46 Stub axles, wheel bearings, control arms and kingpins Reject if: a) there is excessive play present, or b) the kingpin or ball-joint assembly is loose in the axle beam or its pin-retaining device is missing, or c) the control arm bushes are worn or any part is not properly affixed or is missing, or d) the control arms are cracked, bent, twisted or welded other than by the vehicle manufacturer.

5.47 Stabilizers and anti-roll bars

Reject if:

a) a stabilizer or an anti-roll bar (when critical to vehicle safety), as specified by the manufacturer, is

missing, or

b) a stabilizer or an anti-roll bar is bent or has been repaired by heating or welding, or

c) the stabilizer bushes are worn, or

d) the stabilizer mountings are in a poor condition, or

e) any welds or bends, other than those introduced by the vehicle manufacturer, or any signs of damage

are apparent in the front suspension.

5.48 Steering mechanism

Reject if:

a) any part of the steering mechanism is missing, or is cracked, fractured, damaged, distorted, loose or

excessively worn, or

b) the proper movement of any part is obstructed by another part of the vehicle, or


SZNS 007:2011

c) any fastener, retaining device or locking device is missing or is not correctly fitted, or d) any part shows signs of having been repaired by packing, heating or welding that is not approved by the vehicle manufacturer, or e) the steering mechanism does not operate smoothly throughout its working range, or f) there are excessive oil leaks, or g) the minimum turning radius of the vehicle exceeds 17,5 m, or h) steering stops are missing, or are not similarly adjusted on each side.

5.49 Power steering Examine the power steering both with and without the engine running. Reject if: a) the rod anchorage is fractured or loose, or b) the cylinder is fractured or leaking, or c) the fluid pipes are damaged or leaking or are fouling other parts of the vehicle, or d) there is excessive free valve travel or the unit is out of alignment or the power assistance is inoperative, or

e) there is evidence that the power assistance (when critical to the vehicle safety) has been removed or disconnected.

5.50 Drive train (all vehicles)

Reject if:

a) a flange bolt is loose or is missing or a flange is loose on its shaft, or

b) there is excessive wear in a shaft bearing, or

c) a bearing housing is fractured or not secure, or

d) there is a damaged or bent shaft, or

e) there is significant deterioration of the flexible mounting of a bearing housing, or

f) there is excessive wear on the splined joint, or

g) there is excessive vibration or abnormal noise (or both), or

h) the clutch slips or gives excessive shudder, or

i) the gears cannot be selected or will not remain in mesh without manual assistance, or

j) in the case of an automatic gearbox, the engine will start with the gear lever in one or more of the

forward or reverse positions or does not start in the neutral position, or

k) a boot of a constant velocity joint is torn or permits lubricant to escape, or

l) there is excessive play up and down, and radial play.


SZNS 007:2011

5.51 Wheel alignment Use an acceptable alignment indicator to measure the side slip or "scuff" on the front wheels. Check the wheel camber. Reject if: a) the side slip or "scuff" of the front wheels exceeds 12 mm/m or the manufacturer's specified limits, or b) the camber exceeds the manufacturer's specified limits, or c) in the case of a semi-trailer, any axle is out of square to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle by

more than 10,0 mm per metre of length of trailer, or d) in the case of a motor cycle/tricycle/quadrucycle, the front wheel(s) (in the straight-ahead position) and

rear wheel(s) are not in the same vertical plane. When relevant, check the alignment of the side-car wheel and reject if it is not parallel to or has slight "toe-in" towards the front wheel (in the straight-ahead position).

5.52 Braking system ― General Reject if: a) any part of the braking system is missing, or is cracked, fractured, damaged, distorted, loose or excessively worn, or NOTE Excessive in this context means wear to the point where:

o there is a danger or failure; or

o the strength of the equipment has been clearly reduced; or

o the wear is more than that specified by the manufacturer; or

o there is free play where it should not be present; or

o the efficiency of force transmission or displacement has been reduced. b) the proper movement of any part is obstructed by another part of the vehicle, or c) any fastener, retaining device or locking device is missing or is incorrectly fitted, or d) any part shows signs of having been repaired by heating or welding, or e) in the case of motor vehicles first registered on or after 1 July 1990, an anti-theft device is connected to

the braking system or in any way interferes with the braking system, or f) except in the case in paragraph (h), any goods vehicle the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds

3 500 kg, a minibus, bus or tractor that was first registered on or after 1 January 1986 is not fitted with brakes that comply with SANS 1051 (all parts) or SANS 1207, or

g) a tractor not designed for, or capable of, operating at a speed exceeding 35 km/h or a trailer drawn by

such tractor, and first registered on or after 1 July 1999, is not fitted with brakes that comply with SANS 1051 (all parts), or SANS 1207, or SANS 1447 (parts 1 and 2), or


SZNS 007:2011

h) in the case of a trailer with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kg, the trailer is not fitted with a service brake; and in the case of a trailer with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 750 kg and not exceeding 3 500 kg, the trailer is not fitted with either an overrun brake or a service brake, or i) a trailer, of which the gross vehicle mass exceeds 3 500 kg and that was registered for the first time on or after 14 February 2004, is not fitted with brakes that comply with SANS 20013 equivalent to the level of ECE R13.08, or j) a minibus, midibus or bus, operating in terms of an operating licence issued in accordance with the relevant national legislation, and registered for the first time on or after 4 September 2006, does not comply with the requirements of the type II test in SANS 1207 or SANS 20013.

5.53 Braking system ― Specific items Reject if any of the following are found: a) excessively worn linings, pads or discs; or b) fractured brake drums; or c) levers set to incorrect angles; or d) linings or pads contaminated with oil; or e) operating cylinders or diaphragms with excessive travel (if the manufacturer's service limits are not

available, a limit of 55 mm for diaphragm types or half the length of the cylinder for piston types shall apply); or

f) spring brakes not operating, or wound off, or with the rewinding bolt missing; or g) bending of, or damage to, brake rods; or h) fraying of, or other damage to, brake cables; or i) any leakage of hydraulic oil; or j) brake pipes excessively chafed, corroded or damaged, or inadequately secured; or k) brake pipes kinked or bulging, or so positioned as to be liable to be damaged by moving parts or by heat; or l) an air reservoir with no provision for draining, either automatically or manually; or m) trailer couplings that are interchangeable but not coded; or n) an incorrectly adjusted load-sensing valve; or o) automatic slack adjusters that have any parts missing; or p) leaking air or vacuum connections; or q) clogged air cleaners; or

r) frayed, worn or incorrectly tensioned air compressor drive belts; or


SZNS 007:2011

s) hydraulic reservoirs without caps; or

t) excessive water or oil (or both) in any air reservoir; or

u) brake levers that are not set to the correct angles, as shown in figure 4

5.54 Trailer parking brake

Reject if:

a) the brake does not operate on at least two wheels on the same axle, or

b) the brake mechanism is fractured, excessively worn or excessively corroded, or c) the parking brake cannot be applied.

5.55 Brakes and braking performance (motor cycles only) 5.55.1 Subject to the provisions of all the braking regulations given in the relevant national legislation , a vehicle shall be equipped with two separate braking systems, one acting on the front wheel(s) and one on the rear wheel(s). The performance of each braking system shall be equivalent to that specified for an emergency brake and with both braking systems applied, their combined performance shall be equivalent to the performance specified for a service brake.


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Reject if: a) there is not an adequate reserve of travel of both the footbrake pedal and the hand-operated brake lever when fully applied, or b) the footbrake pedal does not have a non-slip surface, or c) the brakes are not so adjusted that (after making due allowance for nominal resistance to the rotation of the wheels owing to disc pad or transmission drag) the vehicle will move freely when the brakes are released, or d) a hydraulic brake is not capable of giving full and efficient application of the brake with only one stroke of the lever or pedal (as relevant), or e) the lever or pedal of a hydraulic brake continues to move under a constant pressure maintained for 1 min, or f) the lever or pedal of a brake does not return to its original position when released after application. 5.55.2 With the vehicle travelling at an initial speed of 35 km/h on a road with a reasonably level, dry, smooth and hard surface, the tyres properly inflated and the engine disengaged, take measurements (under all conditions of loading) from the actual instant at which braking controls are moved. If the following maximum stopping distances are exceeded, repeat the test, and, if necessary, carry it out a third time: Handbrake: 30m

Footbrake : 30m

Handbrake and footbrake combined: 14m

Reject if,

a) during the final test(s), the vehicle cannot, under all conditions of loading, be stopped within the

appropriate maximum stopping distance, or

b) the action of either brake is not even and controllable, or

c) there is any grabbing of the brakes, or

d) the brake application affects the steering or the course of the vehicle.

5.56 Braking performance (light and heavy vehicles) 5.56.1 Service and emergency brakes 5.56.1.1 General braking performance 5.56.1.1.1 When tested according to 5.56.1.2.1, reject if a) the measured braking force is less than the required braking force, or b) excessive drum ovality or disc distortion is shown by cyclical variation of the braking force, or c) the measured braking force of any individual brake is different from that of any other brake on the

same axle by more than 30%.


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5.56.1.1.2 When tested according to 5.56.1.2.2, reject if: a) the stopping distance is more than, or the deceleration is less than, the appropriate value given in tables 1 to 4 for light vehicles and in tables 5 to 8 for heavy vehicles, or b) during the road test there is excessive pedal travel or brake shudder or the vehicle is pulling to the left or right during the application of the brakes.


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5.56.1.2 Test methods 5.56.1.2.1 Brake roller test 5.56.1.2.1.1 When using a weighbridge a) Calculate the required braking force on each wheel. Weigh the vehicle and obtain the mass of the front and rear axle loads. Calculate the required braking force per each wheel (for the front wheels, use the front axle load and for the rear wheels, use the rear axle load) using the following formula:

Where, Fb is the required braking force on each wheel in Newtons (KN); Ma is the axle load (front or rear) in kilograms (kg); f is the required minimum deceleration (4,4 m/s2) in metres per square second (m/s2).

b) Use a brake roller-testing machine that complies with SANS 10216 and measure the braking force developed on each individual wheel. c) Compare the results obtained in 5.56.1.2.1.1(a) and (b). d) Reject if 5.56.1.2.1.1(b) is less than 5.56.1.2.1.1(a). e) The load distribution of 67% at the front and 33% at the rear is typical for a front wheel drive passenger car. For front wheel drive cars, the mass distribution is closer to 50% at the front and 50% at the rear. f) The load distribution of 67% at the front and 33% at the rear is typical for a rear wheel drive passenger car. For rear wheel drive cars, the mass distribution is closer to 50% at the front and 50% at the rear. 42 ©SWASA 2011 – All rights reserved

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5.56.1.2.1.2 When there is no weighbridge used a) Calculate the total braking force required using the following formula:

b) Repeat 5.56.1.2.1.1(b) and establish the total braking force by adding the individual results obtained. c) Compare 5.56.1.2.1.2(a) and (b). d) Reject if 5.56.1.2.1.2(b) is less than 5.56.1.2.1.2(a). NOTE Should the brake rollers lock up, the vehicle should not necessarily be failed. 5.56.1.2.2 Road test The vehicle can be tested laden or unladen with the vehicle travelling at a speed of 40 km/h (or, when relevant, at the speeds given in the appropriate of tables 2, 4, 6 and 8) on a road with a reasonably dry, smooth and hard surface and with the engine disengaged, apply the appropriate brake and note the general braking performance. Measure either a) the stopping distance from the point at which the braking control first moved, to the point where the vehicle stops, or b) the deceleration, using a decelerometer. 5.56.2 Parking brake Test the performance of the parking brake (in both the forward and the reverse direction) on a gradient of not more than 1:8, 33 (12%), or using an acceptable brake roller test machine. Use the formula given below to determine the slope at which the vehicle will be kept by the parking brake.


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Reject if, a) with the engine disengaged, the parking brake alone cannot keep the vehicle stationary, or b) the slope obtained is less than the required 1:8,33 (12%). NOTE A vehicle may be presented laden or unladen. Alternatively, to calculate the minimum brake force required for the park brake, the following method could be used: Tare × 0,12 × 9,81 ÷ 2 000 = minimum kilonewton brake force per wheel NOTE 1 Overrun brakes should be in accordance with this calculation. NOTE 2 All brake readings should be recorded on a test sheet, if a roadworthy brake test was carried out.

5.57 Dimensions 5.57.1 Overall length Reject if the overall length of: a) a bus-train exceeds 22 m (see figure 5), or b) a single vehicle, excluding a semi-trailer, excluding any drawbar or coupling, exceeds 12,5 m (see figure 6), or c) a trailer with one axle or axle unit (other than a semi-trailer), the GVM of which does not exceed 12 000 kg, exceeds 8 m, excluding the length of the drawbar or coupling (see figure 7), or d) a trailer that is coupled to a drawing vehicle in such a manner that the trailer and the drawing vehicle cannot swivel in a horizontal plane at the coupling, if the overall length including any drawbar or coupling exceeds 1,8 m (see figure 8), or e) a trailer with one axle or axle unit (other than a semi-trailer), the GVM of which exceeds 12 000 kg, exceeds 11,3 m, excluding the length of the drawbar or coupling (see figure 9), or f) a trailer not referred to in (c), (d) and (e) above (other than a semi-trailer), the GVM of which exceeds 12 000 kg, exceeds 12,5 m, excluding the length of any drawbar or coupling (see figure 10), or g) a bus exceeds 15 m. NOTE This subclause does not apply to a breakdown vehicle while towing another motor vehicle. 5.57.2 Overall width Reject if the overall width of any vehicle (see figure 11), including a minibus, exceeds 2,5 m except that 2,6 m is permitted in the case of: a) goods vehicles with a GVM of at least 12 000 kg, and b) buses of which the distance between the centre lines of the two front wheels exceeds 1,9 m.


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5.57.3 Overall height

Reject if the overall height of:

a) a double-deck bus exceeds 4,65 m (see figure 12), or

b) any vehicle (other than a double-deck bus) laden or unladen, exceeds 4,3 m (see figure 12).

5.57.4 Wheelbase

Reject if the wheelbase of:

a) a semi-trailer exceeds 10 m (see figure 13), unless a certificate issued by the inspectorate of

manufacturers, builders and importers, which reflects that the cornering, reversing and road damage performance of the semi-trailer presents no greater hazard than for a 9 m wheelbase tandem axle semi-trailer, is affixed to the semi-trailer or carried in the drawing vehicle concerned, or

b) a bus-train exceeds 15 m (see figure 14), or

c) any other vehicle exceeds 8,5 m (see figure 15).


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5.57.5 Overhang

5.57.5.1 Reject if the front overhang of

a) a semi-trailer exceeds 1,8 m (see figure 16), or


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b ) any vehicle (other than a semi-trailer or a trailer with one axle or one axle unit)

1 ) exceeds 60% of the wheelbase, or

2) exceeds 6,2 m less half the wheelbase, in the case of a vehicle in which the front surface ofthe

backrest of the driver's seat at seat level is within 1,7 m of the front end of the vehicle, when such seat,

if adjustable, is in the rearmost position (see figure 17), or

NOTE In the case of a bus-train, this wheelbase is the distance measured from the centre of the front

axle to the centre of the middle axle. 3) exceeds 5,8 m less half the wheelbase, in the case of any other vehicle.

5.57.5.2 Reject if the rear overhang of a) a bus, self-propelled caravan or any vehicle designed or adapted for use in connection with street cleaning or the disposal of refuse or sewage exceeds 70% of its wheelbase (see figures 18 and 19), or b) any trailer with one axle or one axle unit, other than a semi-trailer, exceeds 50% of the length of the body of the trailer (see figure 20), or 50 ©SWASA 2011 – All rights reserved

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c) any trailer, other than a semi-trailer, with two axles, where the distance between the centre lines of the axles is less than 1,2 m, exceeds 50% of the length of the body of the trailer (see figure 20), or d) any other vehicle exceeds 60% of the wheelbase.


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5.58 Lamps and lighting 5.58.1 General Reject if a) any lamp required in terms of the relevant national legislation is not fitted; these are

1) headlamps with main and dipped beams, 2) front position lamps, 3) rear lamps, 4) stop lamps, and 5) number plate lamp(s), or

b) any lamp listed in (a) above is damaged, does not work or is not secure, or c) any lamp is not bright enough to be seen from a distance of 150 m when visibility is such that persons and vehicles are not clearly discernible at 150 m, or d) any lamp other than one authorized in terms of the relevant national legislation is fitted, or e) any lamp, excluding a reversing lamp and an official flashing identification lamp, emits a white, a yellow or an amber light (except as provided in 5.62(b)) towards the rear, or f) any lamp, excluding an official flashing identification lamp, emits a red light towards the front or to either side of the vehicle, or g) any lamp is obscured by portions of the vehicle, excluding protective lamp grilles, or h) any lamp, excluding headlamps, fog lamps, spotlamps and inspection lamps, does not emit a diffused light. NOTE A brake anti-lock warning light that is fitted to the front of a trailer may emit any colour. 5.58.2 Headlamps Reject if a) the centre of any headlamp is less than 450 mm, or more than 1,4 m from ground level, unless homologated as such by the regulatory authority, or more than 500 mm behind the front end of the vehicle, or b) on each side of the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, there is no dipped-beam headlamp with the outermost portion of its illuminating surface within 400 mm of the outer edge of the vehicle, unless a parking lamp is provided on the same side, or c) on each side of the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, there are more than three headlamps or more than one dipped-beam headlamp, or


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d) any main or dipped beam is incorrectly adjusted in terms of the relevant national legislation , or e) headlamp beams are not of similar intensity, or f) any lens or reflective surface is clouded, discoloured, broken or loose, or g) the dip switch does not function properly, or h) any lamp is fitted with a lens of clear material, unless the lamp has other means of preventingglare, or i) in the case of a motor cycle, a side car is not fitted with either

1) a headlamp, or 2) a parking lamp on the outer edge of the front of the side car, in accordance with 5.58.4(c), or

j) in the case of a motor tricycle with two wheels in front or a motor quadrucycle, on each side of the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, there is no dipped-beam headlamp with the outermost portion of its illuminating surface within 400 mm of the outer edge of the vehicle, unless a parking lamp is provided on the same side, or k) the main beam and dipped beam of a head lamp fitted to a motor vehicle first registered on or after 1 January 2002 do not comply with the requirements of SANS 1046 and SANS 1376-2. 5.58.3 Fog lamps (if fitted) Reject if a) there are more than two fog lamps fitted to the vehicle at the front or at the rear, or b) any fog lamp is not correctly adjusted, or c) any fog lamp fitted to the front of a vehicle has the highest point of its illuminating surface higher than the highest point of the illuminating surface of any dipped-beam headlamp, or d) any fog lamp fitted to the rear of a vehicle has the lowest point of its illuminating surface less than 250 mm from ground level, or the highest point of its illuminating surface more than 1 m from ground level, or e) any fog lamp at the rear of the vehicle can be brought into operation without a front fog lamp or headlamp being switched on, or f) a motor cycle side car has fog lamps, unless the motor cycle is also fitted with a fog lamp or parking lamp, or g) a motor cycle has a fog lamp in front but its side car does not have a parking lamp. 5.58.4 Parking lamps (if fitted) Reject if a) when one parking lamp is fitted at the rear, it is not fitted to the right-hand side of the vehicle, or


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b) when two parking lamps are fitted at the front and at the rear, any set is not fitted equidistant on either side of the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, or c) that portion of the illuminating surface furthest from the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle is more than 500 mm from the adjacent outer edge of the vehicle. 5.58.5 Spotlamps (swivelling lamps) Reject any vehicle fitted with a lamp that swivels, except those vehicles allowed for in terms of the relevant national legislation , or where, in the opinion of the examiner, such a lamp is used only as an inspection lamp. 5.58.6 Rear lamps (rear position lamps), number plate lamps and stop lamps 5.58.6.1 Rear lamps (rear position lamps) Reject if a) there is not at least one of the following: 1) one rear lamp fitted on either side of th

SWAZILAND NATIONAL STANDARD Testing of motor vehicles for roadworthiness · 2012. 4. 3. · SANS...

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