SWAN ™ - A fast and accurate CAD tool for slotted waveguide arrays .

SWANSWAN™™ - A fast and accurate CAD - A fast and accurate CAD tool for slotted waveguide arraystool for slotted waveguide arrays

www.swan-soft.com

Introduction

The software SWAN™: main features

Slotted waveguide antennas design examples:Beam Steering Array

Low Side Lobe Fixed Beam Array

Traveling Wave Array

Shaped Beam Synthesis

Monopulse Antenna Design & Analysis

Arbitrary Subarray Geometry

Comparisons with CST MWS

Conclusions

OutlineOutline

Slotted waveguide arrays:

- radar systems

- communication systems

- mobile satellite terminals

- satellite broadcast/coverageDielectric-filled

waveguides

0/2

Wide scanning angle in the plane x-y

x

y

Typical dimensions: hundreds of slots

Full-wave methods not suitable for design

( Complex excitation is necessary )

Footprint pattern

IntroductionIntroduction

Design of large arrays made of hundreds or thousands of radiating elements

Computation unaffordable by any full-wave simulatorComputation unaffordable by any full-wave simulator

• Equivalent circuit of the radiating element extracted with an accurate full-wave analysis

• Mutual couplings lumped in the model using the “active impedance” concept

Simplified approach based on:

IntroductionIntroduction

Fast and accurate analysis Fast and accurate analysis and design of large arraysand design of large arrays

Final test with full-wave Final test with full-wave CST simulation is possibleCST simulation is possible

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

SWAN™ is a new CAD tool for the design and analysis of large slotted waveguide arrays (thousands of slots). Its main features are:

User-friendly intuitive graphical interface Customizable waveguide dimensions Dielectric filling of the waveguides Resonant and traveling wave slotted waveguide arrays Mutual coupling and wedge diffraction effects

considered Dielectric and metal losses considered Beam-scanning arrays analysis and design Shaped beam synthesis (complex excitation coefficients) Feeding network and input transitions can be considered

SWANSWAN™™ Software Software

s

l

Y(s,l,f)

Z(s,l,f)Z(s,l,f)

Wide band rigorous equivalent model, computed with a full-wave analysis in order to account for a number of details: dielectric filling of the waveguide, waveguide wall thickness, rounded edge of the slot, presence of a radome, etc.

Design and analysis make use of this equivalent circuit, rigorously taking into account slot mutual couplings by means of the active impedance concept.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.340.360.380.40.420.440.46

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

l/0

s/a

Real(Y)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.340.360.380.40.420.440.46

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

l/0

s/a

Imag(Y)

0

0.05

0.1

0.340.360.380.40.420.440.46

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

l/0

s/a

Imag(Z)

SWANSWAN™™ Software: Slot Model Software: Slot Model

Active slot admittanceIncludes mutual coupling effects

Equivalent circuit of the slotted WGEquivalent circuit of the slotted WG

d

…

dshort

short circuit

aY1a

NY

inY

aY2

1Z 1Z 2Z 2Z NZ NZ

The “Active Impedance” conceptThe “Active Impedance” concept

MCSELF

N

mnn m

nmnmm

m

mam ZZ

I

IZZ

I

VZ

1

“Active” slot impedance:

Isolated slot Mutual coupling term

Impedance matrix of the array

IV Z

NNNNN

N

N

N I

I

I

ZZZ

ZZZ

ZZZ

V

V

V

...

...

............

...

...

...2

1

21

22221

11211

2

1

Mutual impedance

Self impedance

Antenna requirementsAntenna requirements

Slotted waveguide array designSlotted waveguide array design

DESIGN MODULE

Slotted waveguide array analysisSlotted waveguide array analysis

ANALYSIS MODULE

Slot modelSlot modelextractionextraction

SLOT MODULE

SWANSWAN™™ Software workflow Software workflow

SWANSWAN™™ Software: The GUI Software: The GUI

Design Module Analysis Module

COMPUTATION PARAMETERSEXPORT LAYOUT (DXF)

DESIGN PARAMETERSSLOT PARAMETERSFEEDING CONFIGURATIONSANALYSIS PARAMETERS

SWANSWAN™™ – CST Integration – CST Integration

SLOT MODULE

SINGLE SLOTCST SIMULATIONS

SLOT MODULE EXTRACTION

DESIGN MODULE

DXF EXPORT

FINAL CST ANALYSIS

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

Ku-band slotted WG phased array

Ku-band slotted SIW phased array

Beam Steering Slotted Waveguide Arrays Beam Steering Slotted Waveguide Arrays for Ku-Band Satellite Communicationsfor Ku-Band Satellite Communications

Fast Design Fast Design &&

Best PerformanceBest Performance

Beam Steering Slotted Waveguide Arrays Beam Steering Slotted Waveguide Arrays for Ku-Band Satellite Communicationsfor Ku-Band Satellite Communications

Received signal power spectrum from 11 to 12 GHz when the antenna is pointed at Eutelsat Hot Bird 13E

Receiving slotted SIW array made of 32×32 slots, approx. size 40×80×3 cm

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

SLRH=-28dB

Low Side Lobe Slotted Waveguide ArraysLow Side Lobe Slotted Waveguide Arrays

low side lobeX-band slotted wg array

Bandwidth @ -10 dB > 520 MHzAccurate SynthesysAccurate Synthesys&&

Short Time to MarketShort Time to Market

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

SWANSWAN™™ – CPU time ( P4 @ 2.5 GHz ) – CPU time ( P4 @ 2.5 GHz )Design = 48 secDesign = 48 sec

AnalysisAnalysis = 21 sec/freq. point = 21 sec/freq. point

Ampl. Phase

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

H-plane / degrees

Gain (dB) - f = 9.4 GHz

97.5 cm

25.4 cm

WG Matched Load

Array 10 36 traveling wave f0 = 9.4 GHz Taylor excitation

Array for Radar Applications @ X-bandArray for Radar Applications @ X-band

Fully Automated Fully Automated OptimizationOptimization

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

Large Arrays Beam Shaping (Complex Excitation)Large Arrays Beam Shaping (Complex Excitation)

5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Amplitude

5 10 15 20-50

0

50

100

150Phase

H-Plane excitation

12 24 slots planar array on WR90H-plane: Cosec2 Pattern (90° 115°)E-plane: Taylor Pattern SLR = -35 dB

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

Frequency / GHz

|S11| (dB) - all subarrays

BW@-10dB = 470 MHz (5 %)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

H-plane / degrees


Shaped beam in the H-Plane

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

E-plane / degrees


Low Side Lobes in the E-Plane

SWANSWAN™™ – CPU time ( P4 @ 2.5 GHz ) – CPU time ( P4 @ 2.5 GHz )

Design = 93 secDesign = 93 sec

AnalysisAnalysis = 15 sec/freq. point = 15 sec/freq. point

Satisfying your Satisfying your requirementsrequirements

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

Monopulse Antenna Key ElementsMonopulse Antenna Key Elements

4-quadrant slotted waveguide array (SWAN)

Single quadrant waveguide BFN (SWAN)

Magic T (or hybrid coupler) (CST)

T-junction (CST)

Waveguide bends (CST)

BFN SchematicBFN Schematic

Matched Load

A+C B+D

A-C B-DΔel

Δaz

Σ

ΣΔE

Final LayoutFinal Layout

ΔH

SigmaSigma

Delta E-planeDelta E-plane

Delta H-planeDelta H-plane

Design Example Using CSTDesign Example Using CST

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

Arbitrary Subarray Geometry (1)Arbitrary Subarray Geometry (1)

NEW FEATURE!NEW FEATURE!

OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

SLRH=-28dB

Comparison with CST MWS (1)Comparison with CST MWS (1)

Bandwidth @ -10 dB > 520 MHz

Very good agreement Very good agreement with Full-Wave with Full-Wave

simulator CST MWSsimulator CST MWS

SWAN™

30 50 70 90 110 130 150-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

H-plane / Degrees

Directivity (dB) - f = 9.375 GHz

8.6 8.8 9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10 10.2-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Frequency / GHz

|S11

| (dB)

Cosec2 radiation pattern 16-slots linear array on WR90

CST

-45dB

30°


18-slots linear array on WR90 Extremely low sidelobes (-35dB) Beam shaping (deep nulls)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

H plane / Degrees

Antenna Gain (dB)

SWANCST

8.5 8.75 9 9.25 9.5 9.75 10 10.25 10.5-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0Reflection Coefficient (dB)

Frequency / GHz

SWANCST

SLR=35dB

Deep null region Deep null region


OutlineOutline

Introduction









Conclusions

SWANSWAN™™ - The best choice for - The best choice forSlotted Waveguide ArraysSlotted Waveguide Arrays

SWANSWAN™™ is is fastfast, as it makes use of a rigorous equivalent circuit , as it makes use of a rigorous equivalent circuit for the single slot obtained with an accurate full-wave analysis. for the single slot obtained with an accurate full-wave analysis. The design and analysis of large arrays with thousands of slots The design and analysis of large arrays with thousands of slots can be easily carried out.can be easily carried out.

SWANSWAN™™ is is accurateaccurate, as mutual coupling effects and their , as mutual coupling effects and their dependence on frequency and scanning angle as well as dielectric dependence on frequency and scanning angle as well as dielectric and metal losses are rigorously taken into account. Feeding and metal losses are rigorously taken into account. Feeding network and input transitions can also be considered.network and input transitions can also be considered.

SWANSWAN™™ is is flexibleflexible, as it allows for customizable waveguide , as it allows for customizable waveguide dimensions, dielectric filling of the waveguides, many different dimensions, dielectric filling of the waveguides, many different feeding configurations, beam scanning optimizations, shaped feeding configurations, beam scanning optimizations, shaped beam synthesis, etc. beam synthesis, etc.

ReferencesReferences

[1] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, P. Mezzanotte, L. Roselli and F. Alimenti, “Accurate design of Ka-band flat scanning antennas for mobile satellite terminals,” 31st EuMC, European Microwave Conference, London, England, 23-27 Sept. 2001.[2] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, M. Dionigi, “Equivalent circuit of radiating longitudinal slots in dielectric filled rectangular waveguides obtained with FDTD method,” IEEE MTT-S, International Microwave Symposium, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2-7 June 2002, vol. 2, pp. 871-874.[3] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “A Ka-band active scanning array for mobile satellite terminals using slotted waveguide technology,“ 25th ESA Antenna Workshop on Satellite Antenna Technology, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 18-20 Sept. 2002.[4] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, M. Dionigi, “Fast and accurate analysis of scanning slotted waveguide arrays,” 32nd EuMC, European Microwave Conference, Milan, Italy, 23-27 Sept. 2002.[5] R. Sorrentino, R. Vincenti Gatti, “Design of low-cost flat-profile active scanning antennas for mobile satellite terminals in Ka-band,” Invited paper at MMS’2003, Mediterranean Microwave Symposium, Cairo, Egypt, 6-8 May 2003.[6] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “Low-cost flat-profile active scanning antenna for mobile satellite terminals in Ka-band,” 3rd ESA Workshop on Millimetre Wave Technology and Applications, Espoo, Finland, 21-23 May 2003.[7] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, M. Dionigi, “Low cost active scanning antenna for mobile satellite terminals,” IEEE AP-S, International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation 2003, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 22-27 June 2003.[8] R. Vincenti Gatti, L. Marcaccioli, R. Sorrentino, “A novel phase-only method for shaped beam synthesis and adaptive nulling,” 33rd EuMC, European Microwave Conference, Munich, Germany, 6-10 Oct. 2003.[9] L. Marcaccioli, R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “Series expansion method for phase-only shaped beam synthesis and adaptive nulling,” URSI 2004, International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Pisa, Italy, 23-27 May 2004.[10] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “Shaped beam synthesis method for slotted waveguide arrays,” MMS’2004, Mediterranean Microwave Symposium, Marseille, France, 1-3 June 2004.[11] R. Vincenti Gatti, L. Marcaccioli, R. Sorrentino, “Design of slotted waveguide arrays with arbitrary complex slot voltage distribution,” IEEE AP-S, International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation 2004, Monterey, California, USA, 20-26 Jun. 2004.[12] R. Sorrentino, R. Vincenti Gatti, “Slotted waveguide active phased arrays for mobile satellite terminals,” Invited paper at ISSSE 2004, International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, Linz, Austria, 10-13 Aug. 2004.[13] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “A fast and accurate CAD tool for slotted waveguide arrays for radar applications,” 1st EuRAD, European Radar Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 11-15 Oct. 2004.[14] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “Slotted waveguide antennas with arbitrary radiation pattern,” 34th EuMC, European Microwave Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 11-15 Oct. 2004.[15] D. Trincia, L. Marcaccioli, R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “Modified projection method for array pattern synthesis,” 34th EuMC, European Microwave Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 11-15 Oct. 2004.[16] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “A fast and accurate CAD tool for slotted waveguide arrays,“ 28th ESA Antenna Workshop on Satellite Antenna Technology, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 31 May - 3 June 2005.[17] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, V. Schena, G. Losquadro, “Flat-profile active scanning antenna for satellite terminals in Ku-band operating on new fast trains generation,“ 28th ESA Antenna Workshop on Satellite Antenna Technology, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 31 May - 3 June 2005.[18] R. Sorrentino, R. Vincenti Gatti, “Slotted waveguide active phased arrays for mobile satellite terminals,” Invited paper at MRRS 2005, International Workshop on Microwaves, Radar and Remote Sensing, Kiev, Ukraine, 19-21 Sept. 2005.[19] R. Vincenti Gatti, L. Marcaccioli, E. Sbarra and R. Sorrentino, “Flat Array Antennas for Ku-Band Mobile Satellite Terminals,” 30th ESA Antenna Workshop on Antennas for Earth Observation, Science, Telecommunications and Navigation Space Missions, ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 27-30 May 2008.[20] R. Vincenti Gatti, R. Sorrentino, “A Fast and Accurate CAD Tool for Slotted Waveguide Arrays,” IEEE COMCAS 2009, Tel Aviv, Israel, 9-11 Nov. 2009.[21] R. Vincenti Gatti, L. Marcaccioli, E. Sbarra, R. Sorrentino, “Flat Array Antenna for Ku-band Mobile Satellite Terminals”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation 2011, 11-15 April 2011, Rome.[22] R. Vincenti Gatti, S. Calzuola, R. Sorrentino, “Compact Short Circuit for Slotted Waveguide Array BFNs”, 41st EuMC, European Microwave Conference, Manchester, UK, 9-14 Oct. 2011.[23] www.swan-soft.com

SWANSWAN

Copyright Copyright 2012 Roberto Vincenti Gatti. All Rights Reserved. 2012 Roberto Vincenti Gatti. All Rights Reserved.

SSlotted lotted WWaveguide aveguide ANANtennas™tennas™ ANALYSIS AND DESIGNANALYSIS AND DESIGN

www.swan-soft.comwww.swan-soft.com

SWAN ™ - A fast and accurate CAD tool for slotted waveguide arrays .

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