SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN ISO 10414-2:2011
Transcript of SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN ISO 10414-2:2011
SVENSK STANDARD
Fastställd / Approved: 2011-06-23Publicerad / Published: 2011-08-17Utgåva / Edition: 1Språk / Language: engelska / EnglishICS: 75.180.10
SS-EN ISO 10414-2:2011
Petroleum and natural gas industries – Field testing of drilling fluids – Part 2: Oil-based fluids (ISO 10414-2:2011)
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Europastandarden EN ISO 10414-2:2011 gäller som svensk standard. Detta dokument innehåller den offici-ella engelska versionen av EN ISO 10414-2:2011.
The European Standard EN ISO 10414-2:2011 has the status of a Swedish Standard. This document con-tains the official version of EN ISO 10414-2:2011.
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Förhållandet till övriga delar under samma huvudtitel - Utdrag ur Förord i ISO 10414-2:2011/ Relations to other parts under the same general title - Extract from the Foreword of ISO 10414-2:2011 ISO 10414 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids: - Part 1: Water-based fluids - Part 2: Oil-based fluids
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN ISO 10414-2
June 2011
ICS 75.180.10
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Field testing of drilling fluids - Part 2: Oil-based fluids (ISO 10414-2:2011)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Essais in situ des fluides de forage - Partie 2: Fluides à base d'huiles (ISO
10414-2:2011)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Feldprüfung von Bohrflüssigkeiten - Teil 2: Flüssigkeiten auf Ölbasis (ISO
10414-2:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 April 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN ISO 10414-2:2011: E
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ISO 10414-2:2011(E)
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Contents Page
Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................v Introduction........................................................................................................................................................vi 1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1 2 Normative references............................................................................................................................2 3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..........................................................................................................3 4.1 Symbols..................................................................................................................................................3 4.2 Abbreviated terms .................................................................................................................................9 5 Determination of drilling fluid density (mud weight) .......................................................................10 5.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................10 5.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................10 5.3 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................10 5.4 Calculation ...........................................................................................................................................10 6 Alternative method for determination of drilling fluid density .......................................................12 6.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................12 6.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................12 6.3 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................13 6.4 Calculation ...........................................................................................................................................14 7 Viscosity and gel strength..................................................................................................................14 7.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................14 7.2 Determination of viscosity using the Marsh funnel.........................................................................14 7.3 Determination of viscosity and gel strength using a direct-reading viscometer .........................15 8 Static filtration .....................................................................................................................................18 8.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................18 8.2 High-temperature/high-pressure test up to 175 °C (350 °F)............................................................18 8.3 High-temperature/high-pressure test 175 °C (350 °F) up to and including 230 °C (450 °F) .........21 9 Retort test for oil, water and solids concentrations ........................................................................23 9.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................23 9.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................24 9.3 Procedure — Volumetric method ......................................................................................................25 9.4 Calculation — Volumetric method.....................................................................................................26 9.5 Procedure — Gravimetric method .....................................................................................................27 9.6 Calculation — Gravimetric method ...................................................................................................29 9.7 Calculation — Volume fractions of oil, water and solids ................................................................30 10 Chemical analysis of oil-based drilling fluids ..................................................................................32 10.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................32 10.2 Reagents and apparatus.....................................................................................................................33 10.3 Base alkalinity demand, VB ................................................................................................................34 10.4 Whole-drilling-fluid alkalinity, VK.......................................................................................................35 10.5 Whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration......................................................................................37 10.6 Whole-drilling-fluid calcium concentration ......................................................................................38 11 Electrical stability test.........................................................................................................................39 11.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................39 11.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................39 11.3 Equipment calibration/performance test ..........................................................................................40 11.4 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................40
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12 Lime, salinity and solids calculations ...............................................................................................41 12.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................41 12.2 Apparatus .............................................................................................................................................42 12.3 Whole-drilling-fluid calculations ........................................................................................................42 12.4 Aqueous phase calculations ..............................................................................................................44 12.5 Soluble and insoluble whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride calculations .....................................48 12.6 Calculation — Solids in the whole drilling fluid ...............................................................................49 Annex A (informative) Measurement of shear strength using shearometer tube ......................................54 Annex B (informative) Determination of oil and water retained on cuttings...............................................56 Annex C (informative) Determination of aqueous-phase activity of emulsified water using an
electrohygrometer ...............................................................................................................................61 Annex D (informative) Determination of aniline point ...................................................................................64 Annex E (informative) Lime, salinity and solids calculations.......................................................................67 Annex F (informative) Sampling, inspection and rejection of drilling materials ........................................88 Annex G (informative) Rig-site sampling........................................................................................................90 Annex H (informative) Determination of cutting activity by the Chenevert method ..................................93 Annex I (informative) Chemical analysis of active sulfides by the Garrett gas train method ...................97 Annex J (informative) Calibration and verification of glassware, thermometers, viscometers,
retort kit cup and drilling fluid balances .........................................................................................102 Annex K (informative) High-temperature/high-pressure filtration testing of oil-based drilling fluids
using the permeability plugging apparatus and cells equipped with set-screw secured end caps .............................................................................................................................................107
Annex L (informative) High-temperature/high-pressure filtration testing of oil-based drilling fluids using the permeability plugging apparatus and cells equipped with threaded end caps .........117
Annex M (informative) Compatibility of elastomeric materials with non-aqueous-based drilling fluids ...................................................................................................................................................127
Annex N (informative) Sand content procedure for non-aqueous fluids ..................................................131 Annex O (informative) Identification and monitoring of weight-material sag...........................................132 Annex P (informative) Oil-based drilling fluid report form..........................................................................155 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................156
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EN ISO 10414-2:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 10414-2:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10414-2:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10414-2:2011 without any modification.
v
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Introduction
This part of ISO 10414 is based on API RP 13B-2:2005, Recommended practice for field testing of oil-based drilling fluids.
As with any laboratory procedure requiring the use of potentially hazardous chemicals and equipment, the user is expected to have received proper training and knowledge in the use and disposal of these potentially hazardous materials. The user is responsible for compliance with all applicable local, regional and national requirements for worker and local health, safety and environmental liability.
In this part of ISO 10414, quantities expressed in the International System (SI) of units are also, where practical, expressed in United States Customary (USC) units in parentheses for information. The units do not necessarily represent a direct conversion of SI units to USC units, or USC units to SI units. Consideration has been given to the precision of the instrument making the measurement. For example, thermometers are typically marked in one degree increments, thus temperature values have been rounded to the nearest degree.
Calibrating an instrument refers to ensuring the accuracy of the measurement. Accuracy is the degree of conformity of a measurement of a quantity to its actual or true value. Accuracy is related to precision, or reproducibility, of a measurement. Precision is the degree to which further measurements or calculations will show the same or similar results. Precision is characterized in terms of the standard deviation of the measurement. The results of calculations or a measurement can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither accurate nor precise, or both accurate and precise. A result is valid if it is both accurate and precise.
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Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids —
Part 2: Oil-based fluids
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10414 provides standard procedures for determining the following characteristics of oil-based drilling fluids:
a) drilling fluid density (mud weight);
b) viscosity and gel strength;
c) filtration;
d) oil, water and solids concentrations;
e) alkalinity, chloride concentration and calcium concentration;
f) electrical stability;
g) lime and calcium concentrations, calcium chloride and sodium chloride concentrations;
h) low-gravity solids and weighting material concentrations.
The annexes provide additional test methods or examples that can optionally be used for the determination of:
⎯ shear strength (Annex A);
⎯ oil and water concentrations from cuttings (Annex B);
⎯ drilling fluid activity (Annex C);
⎯ aniline point (Annex D);
⎯ lime, salinity and solids concentration (Annex E);
⎯ sampling, inspection and rejection (Annex F);
⎯ rig-site sampling (Annex G);
⎯ cuttings activity (Annex H);
⎯ active sulphides (Annex I);
⎯ calibration and verification of glassware, thermometers, viscometers, retort kit cups and drilling fluid balances (Annex J);
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⎯ permeability plugging apparatus with set-screw secured end cap (Annex K);
⎯ permeability plugging apparatus with threaded end cap (Annex L);
⎯ elastomer compatibility (Annex M);
⎯ sand content of oil-based fluid (Annex N);
⎯ identification and monitoring of weight-material sag (Annex O);
⎯ oil-based drilling fluid test report form (Annex P).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10414-1:20081), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids — Part 1: Water-based fluids
ISO 135012), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluids — Processing equipment evaluation
API RP 13D:2010, Recommended practice on the rheology and hydraulics of oil-well drilling fluids
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 ACS reagent grade grade of chemical meeting the purity standards specified by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and listed in the Chemical Abstracting Service (CAS)
3.2 density of water density of 1 g/ml (8,334 lb/gal) for deionized or distilled water and 1 g/ml (8,345 lb/gal) for clean tap water
NOTE Deionized or distilled water is used for all equipment calibration. The volume of 1 kg of water is 1 l for the purposes of this part of ISO 10414, and the volume of water is numerically equivalent to the volume of the water measured in cubic centimetres or millilitres, i.e. 1 g = 1 ml.
3.3 spurt loss volume of fluid that passes through the filtration medium before a filter cake is formed
3.4 pound U.S. customary unit used to indicate pound-mass (weight), as opposed to pound-force (shear stress)
1) For the purposes of this part of ISO 10414, API RP 13B-1:2009, Recommended practice for field testing water-based drilling fluids, is equivalent.
2) For the purposes of this part of ISO 10414, API RP 13C, Recommended practice on drilling fluids processing systems evaluation, is equivalent.
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3.5 volumic mass dimensionless ratio of the mass of a volume of an object substance to the mass of the same volume of a reference substance, i.e. the ratio of their respective mass densities
NOTE 1 Generally speaking, the reference substance is pure water.
NOTE 2 Volumic mass is commonly known as specific gravity.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
aDF measure of the chemical potential or reaction availability of drilling fluid
aW measure of the chemical potential or reaction availability of water solutions of standard salts
aC measure of the chemical potential or reaction availability of drilled cuttings
b slope of the annular velocity and shear stress at the wall in laminar flow, as defined in O.7.2.8
BVSST amount of weight-material sag, expressed in pounds-mass per gallon3)
C correction value to add to thermometer reading
+2Ca ,DFc whole-drilling-fluid calcium concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
+22Ca ,H O
c aqueous-phase calcium concentration per volume of pure water, expressed in milligrams per litre
cCaCl2,AQ aqueous-phase calcium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
cCaCl2,DF,A whole-drilling-fluid calcium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
cCaCl2,DF,B whole-drilling-fluid calcium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel
cCaCl2,DF,C whole-drilling-fluid calcium chloride concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
cCa(OH)2,% lime assay value, expressed as a weight fraction
cCa(OH)2,DF,B whole-drilling-fluid total lime concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel
cCa(OH)2,DF,C whole-drilling-fluid total lime concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
cCa(OH)2,F lime concentration of field lime, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre or pounds per barrel
3) Gallon as used throughout this part of ISO 10414 refers to the U.S. gallon of 3,785 4 litres.
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Cl ,DFc − whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
( )2Cl CaCl ,DFc − whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration as calcium chloride, expressed in milligrams per
litre
( )Cl NaCl ,DFc − whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration from sodium chloride, expressed in milligrams
per litre
cNaCl,AQ aqueous-phase sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
cLG,B low-gravity solids concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel
cLG,C low-gravity solids concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
cNaCl,DF,A whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
cNaCl,DF,B whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel
cNaCl,DF,C whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
cNaCl,DF,INSOL,A whole-drilling fluid insoluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
cNaCl,DF,INSOL,B whole-drilling-fluid insoluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel
cNaCl,DF,SOL,A whole-drilling-fluid soluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre
cNaCl,DF,SOL,B whole-drilling-fluid soluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel
cNaCl,DF,SOL,C whole-drilling-fluid soluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
cS−2 concentration of active sulfides, expressed in milligrams per litre
cWM,B weighting material concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel
cWM,C weighting material concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
d1 distance from the outer wall, expressed in inches
D outer pipe diameter or inner diameter of open hole, expressed in inches
d inner pipe diameter, expressed in inches
DTVD true vertical depth, expressed in feet
E pump efficiency, expressed as percentage
f tube factor, taken from Table I.2
G′ storage modulus, expressed in Newtons per square metre
G″ loss modulus, expressed in Newtons per square metre
kC consistency factor, expressed in pounds-force per second
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L length of the hydraulic section, expressed in feet
LA length, expressed in feet
l submerged length of shear tube, expressed in centimetres
lA submerged length of shear tube, expressed in inches
lD Dräger tube darkened length (stained length), marked in units on the tube
m1 mass of the empty retort assembly (cup, lid and body packed with steel wool), expressed in grams
m2 mass of the filled retort assembly (cup with sample, lid and body packed with steel wool), expressed in grams
m3 mass of the empty, dry liquid receiver, expressed in grams
m4 mass of the cooled liquid receiver with condensed liquids, expressed in grams
m5 mass of the cooled retort assembly (body packed with steel wool), expressed in grams;
md mass of the dried retort cuttings, expressed in grams
mF1 mass of drilling fluid following shear at 100 r/min, expressed in grams
mF2 mass of drilling fluid taken from Sag Shoe following shear at 100 r/min, expressed in grams
mF3 mass of drilling fluid taken from Sag Shoe following shear at 600 r/min, expressed in grams
mL mass of the liquid condensed (oil and water), expressed in grams
mO mass of the oil, expressed in grams
mS mass of the liquid drilling fluid sample, expressed in grams
mst mass of shear tube, expressed in grams
mtot total shear mass (sum of platform and weights), expressed in grams
mWC mass of the wet cuttings, expressed in grams
mW mass of water, expressed in grams
P measured pressure, expressed in pounds-gauge per square inch
∆P anticipated pressure increase, expressed in pounds-gauge per square inch
A
PL
∆∆
pressure gradient, expressed in pounds-gauge per square inch per foot
Q pump rate, expressed in gallons per minute
R1 average reading for the standard thermometer, expressed in degrees
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R2 average reading for the working thermometer, expressed in degrees
R600 dial reading at 600 revolutions per minute, expressed in degrees deflection
R300 dial reading at 300 revolutions per minute, expressed in degrees deflection
RBPU calculated bed pickup measurement ratio, expressed as a percentage
RO ratio of the volume fraction of oil to the sum of the volume fractions of oil and pure water from the retort analysis, expressed as a percentage
RB ratio of the volume fraction of oil to the sum of the volume fractions of oil and brine, expressed as a percentage
RW ratio of the volume fraction of water to the sum of the volume fractions of oil and pure water from the retort analysis, expressed as a percentage
ROC retained oil on cuttings, expressed in grams per kilogram of cuttings (either wet or dry)
S Sag Register
t time, expressed in minutes
V1 spurt loss, expressed in millilitres
V7,5 filtrate volume after 7,5 min, expressed in millilitres
V30 filtrate volume after 30 min, expressed in millilitres
VA annular volume, expressed in barrels
VAgNO3 volume of 0,282 mol/l (0,282 N) silver nitrate reagent, expressed in millilitres
VB base alkalinity demand
VEDTA volume of 0,1 mol/l EDTA solution, expressed in millilitres
VF filtrate volume
VH2SO4 volume of 0,05 mol/l (0,1 N) sulfuric acid, expressed in millilitres
VK whole-drilling-fluid alkalinity, expressed in millilitres of 0,05 mol/l sulfuric acid
VM receiver volume at specific mark, expressed in millilitres
VNaOH volume of 0,1 mol/l (0,1 N) NaOH, expressed in millilitres
VO volume of oil, expressed in millilitres
VPPT volume of filtrate from PPT, expressed in millilitres
VR total volume of condensed liquids (oil and water), expressed in millilitres
VRC volume of retort cup, expressed in millilitres
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VS drilling fluid sample volume, expressed in millilitres;
VW water volume, expressed in millilitres, or water mass, expressed in grams (1 ml = 1 g) (see 3.2)
∆va change in annular velocity, expressed in feet per minute
va annular velocity, expressed in feet per minute.
vf static filtration rate (velocity of flow), expressed in millilitres per minute1/2
wCaCl2 aqueous-phase mass fraction of calcium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous-phase mass
CaCl ,SAT2w aqueous-phase mass fraction of calcium chloride of a super-saturated fluid, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous-phase mass
wNaCl aqueous-phase mass fraction of sodium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous phase mass
wNaCl,MAX maximum aqueous-phase mass fraction of soluble sodium chloride that can exist for a given mass fraction of calcium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous phase mass
wNaCl,MAX-C recalculated maximum aqueous-phase mass fraction of soluble sodium chloride that can exist for a given mass fraction of calcium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous phase mass
YPA yield point, expressed in pascals
YPB yield point, expressed in pounds per one hundred square feet, often expressed as YP
β10m gel strength at 10 min, expressed in pounds per one hundred square feet
β10s gel strength at 10 s, expressed in pounds per one hundred square feet
ΓDFG,A drilling fluid gradient, expressed in kilopascals per metre
ΓDFG,B drilling fluid gradient, expressed in pounds per square inch per foot
γA shear strength of the drilling fluid, expressed in pounds per square inch per foot
γB shear strength of the drilling fluid, expressed in pascals
γi fluid shear rate, expressed in reciprocal seconds
η drillpipe rotation, expressed in revolutions per minute
ηAV apparent viscosity, expressed in millipascal seconds (centipoises)
ηPV plastic viscosity, expressed in millipascal seconds (centipoises)
ϕB volume fraction of brine, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid
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ISO 10414-2:2011(E)
8 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ϕD corrected volume fraction of solids, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid
ϕd volume fraction of dried retort solids, expressed as a percentage of the total sample volume
ϕLG volume fraction of the low-gravity solids, expressed as a percentage of the total suspended solids
ϕO volume fraction of oil, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid
ϕW volume fraction of pure water, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid
ϕWM volume fraction of the weighting material solids, expressed as a percentage of the total suspended solids
ρ drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon
ρB aqueous-phase density, expressed in grams per millilitre
ρC drilling fluid density, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
ρB1 drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon
ρB2 drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per cubic foot
dρ average density (volumic mass) of the suspended solids.
ρECD-hyd pressure drop and extra density effects of drilled cuttings
ρECD-tot total predicted equivalent circulating density
∆ρECD-rot change in pressure due to rotation
ρLG density of the low-gravity solids, expressed in grams per millilitre
ρmax maximum recorded drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon
ρnom nominal drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon
ρO density of the oil being used, expressed in grams per millilitre
ρS drilling fluid density, expressed in grams per millilitre
ρw water density, expressed in grams per millilitre, at the test temperature (see Table J.1)
ρWM density of the weighting material solids, expressed in grams per millilitre
τW wall shear stress, expressed in pounds-force per hundred square feet
τY drilling fluid yield stress, expressed in pounds-force per hundred square feet
SS-EN ISO 10414-2:2011 (E)This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-80699
ISO 10414-2:2011(E)
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 9
4.2 Abbreviated terms
ACS American Chemical Society
API American Petroleum Institute
ASTM American Society of Testing Materials
AV apparent viscosity
CAS Chemical Abstracting Services
ECD equivalent circulating density [expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pounds per gallon)]
EDTA sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate
ERD extended reach drilling
ES electrical stability
ESD equivalent static density [expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pounds per gallon)]
HTHP high temperature, high pressure
OCMA Oil Company Materials Association
OBR oil-to-brine ratio
OWR oil-to-water ratio
PNP propylene glycol normal-propyl ether
PPA permeability plugging apparatus
PPT permeability plugging test
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon®)
PV plastic viscosity
PVT pressure, volume and temperature relationship
SI International System of units
TC to contain
TD to deliver
TVD true vertical depth [expressed in metres (feet)]
USC United States Customary units
VSST Viscometer Sag Shoe Test
YP yield point
SS-EN ISO 10414-2:2011 (E)This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-80699