Sustaining global capture fisheries production Ray Hilborn School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences.
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Transcript of Sustaining global capture fisheries production Ray Hilborn School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences.
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Sustaining global capture fisheries production
Ray HilbornSchool of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
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Overview of the talk
> Status of fish stocks> Understanding sustainability> Impacts of bottom trawling> Forage fish impacts> CFOOD e-media
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The end of the line
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All fish gone by 2048
Science 2006
2,445 Citations
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NCEAS working group: Finding common ground in marine conservation and management
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The RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Databasewww.ramlegacy.org
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Coverage in RAM Legacy40% of world catch
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Regional trends in biomass
Source: Global Assessment Database (ramlegacy.org)
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Regional trends in exploitation rate
Source: Global Assessment Database (ramlegacy.org)
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Yield lost by overfishing (red) and underfishing (yellow)
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Science 2012
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Assessed stocks stabilize, others decline
Source: Costello et al. (2012) Science 338: 517-520
~35%
~65% +
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Large stocks in good shape
Average Catch in MT
1,000,000100,00010,0001,000100101
U.S. definition of overfished
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Defining sustainability
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“Sustainability Science”William Clark editor of Sustainability Science for PNAS
Our approach is grounded in a definition of sustainable development that focuses on the well being of people over the long run. In particular, it argues that the development of a social-environmental system is sustained over a period of time if over that period appropriately inclusive measures of well-being do not decline
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The three pillars of sustainable development IUCN Adams 2006
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Elements of sustainability
• Continued ability of the ecosystem to produce what we want
• Acceptable levels of environmental impact– Whose choice– Compared to what
• Social well being– Maintenance of fishing communities– Equity in income, gender– Human rights
• Economic performance
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Ah ha: sustainability is a state, abundant is sustainable, overfished is not
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Less by-catch but higher carbon footprint
More by-catch but lower carbon footprint
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Sustainability is a process
• The worst way to measure sustainability is B/BMSY
• Better is F/FMSY• The best is to evaluate the management
system– Monitor abundance changes– Adjust exploitation rate in relation to abundance– Effectively enforce regulations
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A survey of fisheries governanceMike Melnychuk and Ray Hilborn
• 46 questions for 400 stocks• Four areas: research, management, enforcement,
socioeconomics … as examples-------------------------------------------------------------
• Stock size and/or fishing mortality rate are reliably estimated
• Fishery management plan exists and strategies or tactics designed to meet objectives are specified
• Dockside monitoring and enforcement measures are sufficient for the fishery management system to effectively regulate fishing pressure
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Fisheries governance
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Evaluation of best practices for impacts of bottom trawling on
benthic marine ecosystemsA progress report
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An independent assessment of the science of benthic impacts
• A scientific team of international experts to– Determine the footprint of bottom trawling in different areas
• How much area?• What kind of habitat?• What trend in trawl footprint?
– Determine the impact of trawling on different benthic organisms• By gear type, habitat type, type of organism
– Determine the indirect impact of bottom trawling on target species
– Evaluate a range of possible best practices• Impact on catch• Impact on benthic organisms
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The Study Group
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Collecting the data
- Vessel Monitoring System- Logbook data- Effort timeseries
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Trends in effort
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High resolution mapping of trawling global footprint
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High resolution mapping of trawling global footprint
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High resolution mapping of trawling global footprint
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High resolution mapping of trawling global footprint
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Frequency of trawl coverage
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Global footprint of trawling
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Forage fish impacts on predatorsprimarily marine birds and mammals
• Global policy conversation dominated by LENFEST report
• Many weaknesses in this report • A 2 year project to review what is known
about impacts• Design management strategies
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Impacts of MPAs on fisheries yields
• Working group organized in conjunction with FAO
• We have had one meeting -- looking for a major supporter to continue the activity
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CFOOD e-media www.cfooduw.org
• Web site to provide independent science• Track false claims in media• Twitter and Facebook feeds
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The competing narratives
• Fishing continues to expand and empty the ocean … large areas of the ocean must be closed and many kinds of fishing banned
• Fishing provides a sustainable high quality food, and if properly managed protects the oceans and supports people
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Conclusions
• Where fisheries are being actively managed sustainability and rebuilding are the outcome
• Many important fishing countries do not actively manage their fisheries
• All fishing has impacts but good science suggests fishing impacts are low compared to alternative foods, and can be further reduced
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Thanks to• NCEAS working group team – Especially Dan Ricard,
Julia Baum, Coilin Minto, Olaf Jensen Trevor Branch and Boris Worm
• UCSB Dan Ovando and Chris Costello
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These stocks constitute 90% of global catch reported to FAO
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Pauly’s “status of fisheries” from catch data
From Pauly 2007
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FAO has a very different trend
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Environmental impacts
Measured in LCAs• Energy consumption• Greenhouse gasses• Eutrophication• Acidification• Land Use
Other Impacts• Freshwater consumption• Pesticides• Antibiotics• Soil Erosion
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Energy Consumed
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Greenhouse gases
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Eutrophication potential
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Summary of environmental impacts
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