Sustainable Viticultural Practices Seminar

May 6, 2015

Chuck Ingels

UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County

http://cesacramento.ucanr.edu

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)

Photos: Baldo Villegas

Native to East Asia (China, Japan, Korea,

Taiwan)

A crop pest in its native range and here

Found in Allentown, PA 1996, ID’d 2001

Household nuisance pest in fall, winter

Host list currently 170 spp., likely to rise

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)

Source - http://www.stopbmsb.org

T. Leskey, USDA-ARS May, 2012

Current distribution in USA

BMSB in Calif. 2014

Established

populations in:

Butte

Los Angeles

Sacramento

Santa Clara

Sutter

Yolo (new)

BMSB Finds Sacramento County

Jan. 1, 2014 Dec. 31, 2014

Two white bands

on antennae

Smooth

“shoulder” edges

Banded

abdominal edge

extending

beyond wings

Actual adult size

1/2 to 5/8 inch

Rust color with

broad brown

markings

Banded legs Mature nymph (5th instar)

Adult

Photo: UC IPM

20-30 eggs (often 28)

Nymph (3rd of 5) Adult

BMSB Rough stink bug

Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB

BMSB Rough stink bug

Narrower angle Wider angle

Rough Smooth

Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB

Two

points Blunt

BMSB

Consperse Stink Bug vs. BMSB

Consperse stink bug

1/2 inch long 5/8 inch long

Solid

brown Marble

color

Aggregation Season (late summer), Pennsylvania

Photos:

Tracy Leskey

Aggregation Behavior

Photos:

Tracy Leskey

BMSB An Arboreal Species

Downspout

Sacramento March 2014

Under bark

Host Plants Crops

Stone fruits (esp. peach), pome fruits

Berries

Grapes (not a major host)

Eggplant, tomato, okra, pepper, corn,

beans, sunflower

Major Host Plants Selected Ornamentals

Butterfly bush

Catalpa

Chinese pistache

Elm

Fruiting mulberry

Holly

Maple

Princess tree

(Paulownia)

Pyracantha

Redbud

Tree of heaven

Waxleaf privet

Wisteria

Trident Maple Acer buergerianum

Waxleaf Privet Ligustrum japonicum

Chinese Pistache Pistachia chinensis

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima

Stink Bug Feeding

BMSB Damage, 2014

Peach 5/22

Nectarine 6/3

6/11 Asian pear 7/2 Plum 7/2 (no damage)

Apricot 6/23

Distinct odor that can taint wine

» Smells like fresh cilantro

» Other descriptors: “skunky,” “citrusy”, “piney”

Direct injury to grapes by piercing and feeding

» Can lead to increased susceptibility to bunch rots

Harvest of nearby crops may force migration to

vineyards

Trap & monitor vineyard edges

BMSB in Grapes

Photo: J. Fiola

Research on Stink Bug Taint in Juice/Wine

Photo:

Joe Fiola

Defensive compounds:

trans-2-decenal and trans-2-octenal

Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint

• Univ. of Maryland, 2010 (Joe Fiola):

5-10 BMSB/lug: Perceptible aroma in juice

No distinguishable taint in juice after 4 months

10-20 BMSB per lug: Perceptible aroma during

red fermentation

No distinguishable aroma in wine following

fermentation and racking

Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint

• Oregon State University – Pinot Noir

(Tomasino et al., 2013 ASEV abstracts)

Treatments: 1) 1 bug per four clusters, 2) 1 bug per

two clusters, 3) no bugs

Distinct aroma detected - BMSB excreted defensive

compounds during destemming & pressing

Resulting wines had more trans-2-decenal

Difference testing (triangle tests): T1 and T2 wines

were perceived as different from the control

Wine Taint Research Oregon State University, 2014

Elizabeth Tomasino

Dept. of Food Science and Technology Oregon State University

Pallavi Mohekar

Graduate Research Assistant

(Slides removed because data have not yet been published)

May 5, 2015

28

BMSB Traps Dead-Inn Traps (AgBio, Inc.)

Grower

48” tall, $30 Professional

24” tall, $20

Homeowner

16” tall, $17

Phermone Traps Rocket Trap (Rescue)

$17

Lures

2015 (123 mg)

2014 (66 mg)

2014

AgBio (66 mg)

2014

Rescue

(123 mg)

Understanding BMSB Pheromones Two Main Lure Types

1. Pheromone lures (USDA #10 and #20)

» Harlequin bug pheromone – nearly identical

2. “Synergist” = methyl decatrienoate (MDT)

Best used in combination

BMSB Seasonal Development Model

Development temperature thresholds:

» Lower: 57F Upper: 97F

Complete generation: 1107DD (Rutgers)

» 968 DD (egg to adult) + 139 DD (to egg laying)

First eggs found in 2014: May 5 (1st in U.S.)

» 2nd gen. eggs start July 23 (2 generations)

» 3rd gen. eggs start Sept. 25 – insufficient time

Likely 3 generations in Kern County

02468

101214

17-M

ar

31-M

ar

14-A

pr

28-A

pr

12-M

ay

26-M

ay

9-J

un

23-J

un

7-J

ul

21-J

ul

4-A

ug

18-A

ug

1-S

ep

15-S

ep

29-S

ep

No

./tr

ap

/da

y

BMSB/day/trap Avg. of 4 traps, 2014

First

eggs:

May 5

Predicted

2nd gen.

eggs

Adults Nymphs

Adults and Nymphs Trapped Sacramento, 2014

x 64/532

90/691

219/155

7/7

0/0

0/0

3/4

22/98

11/9

2014 Trap Locations & Counts Adults/Nymphs

19 8

37

3

6

2015 Trap Locations & Counts Adults

0

8 4

10

3

1

3 23 ToH Mixed

Cherry

Fl. pear

ToH 1 2

Japanese

maples Mixed

Insecticide Efficacy Field Study (Leskey et al., 2013)

High mortality on day of application: Endosulfan

(e.g., Thiodan), methomyl (Lannate), thiamethoxam

(Actara), and bifenthrin (e.g., Brigade)

Fenpropathrin (Danitol) and dinetofuran (Venom,

Scorpion): strong anti-feeding effect for 7+ days

Peaches in Mid-Atlantic: 10-12 weekly applications,

alternate-row, late May-harvest using pyrethroids and

neonicotinoids

Effective insecticides in lab: only 60% average

mortality in the field when applied late early July,

40% in Aug., and 20% in September

2015 Orchard Spray Bulletin (BMSB) Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland

Products that have shown good effectiveness:

» Pyrethroids: Baythroid XL, Danitol, Warrior II,

products containing permethrin (e.g. Pounce)

» Neonicotinoid: Belay

» Carbamate: Lannate

» Premixtures: Endigo ZC, Leverage 360

» Section 18: Bifenture/Brigade, Venom/Scorpion

Not a California recommendation

2015 Spray Guide for Commercial Vineyards Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland

3rd cover spray (pre-bunch closure)

» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP,

or Malathion 8F

4th cover spray (after veraison)

» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP,

Venom 70, Belay 50WDG, or Malathion 5EC

Harvest spray (day before harvest):

» Belay or Pyganic (org.)

Not a California recommendation

Alternative BMSB Management Penn. State Univ., Rutgers Univ.

Border applications

Use strong residual products

Treat surrounding vegetation, if feasible

Alternative crop plantings

Possible trap crops (e.g., beans, Paulownia trees)

Spray trap crops

Organically Acceptable Insecticides

Partial to fairly good control

of nymphs only:

Pyrethrum

Azadirachtin

Spinosad

Sabadilla

Insecticidal soap

Combinations

Biological Control?

Gymnosoma par

Foreign exploration done by USDA

Egg parasitoids - Trissolcus spp.

Possible release in Calif. in 2016

Assassin bug

Spiders

Praying mantis

Predators Seen in 2014

Questions?

Important Web Sites

StopBMSB.org

ucipm.ucdavis.edu

cesacramento.ucanr.edu