JICA’s approach for realizing sustainable transport

infrastructure and services in Asia

October 19, 2021

KOIZUMI Yukihiro

Typical photos in Asia

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Traffic jam in Dhaka Air pollution in HCMC

These situation causes negative impact on climate change.

https://m.vietnamnet.vn/en/sci-tech-environment/vehicles-large-contributors-to-hanoi-s-air-pollution-563353.html

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Decreased modal share of Public Transportation(Jakarta, Indonesia)

● In general, the share of public transport will decline as urbanization progresses, if no measures are taken.

● In Jakarta, the share of public transport was 42.2% in 2002, but dropped to 4.8% in 2018.

23.1

31.5

72.2

26.1 36.2

1.4

1.1

1.7

2.22.9

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

JUTPI 2

2018

SITRAMP

2002

NON HOME-BASED TRIPS

Private Car Motorcycle Bus TransJakarta Train Ojek Taxi, Bajaj

PT: 42.4%

PT: 4.8%

（Ｆｉｇｕｒｅ）Changes of modal-share in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area

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Air Pollution in Asia

PM 2.5 in Delhi is more than 70 times the WHO standard.

(Source) WHO Report：http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/69477/1/WHO_SDE_PHE_OEH_06.02_eng.pdf

https://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/news/16/111100430/?ST=m_m_news Equivalent to smoking

2 packs of cigarettesa day

Smooth and safe mobility of people and goods helps economic growth in developing countries.

Reducing emissions from automobiles, which account for 40% of the sources, is inevitable for effective action for climate change

By realizing smooth and safe mobility of people and goods,to promote economic and social development, and by promoting

modal shift, to contribute to realize carbon neutral society

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SDGs3.6

Traffic safety

11.2 Accessibility

13 Climate Change

Improve connectivityLow-carbon and decarbonization contributions

9.1Infrastructure

Pillars

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JICA’s Approach on Transport sector

Global Network

Urban Public Transportation

Road Asset Management

Road Safety

Maritime Security

Rail transit as a measure against climate change

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LRTMRT Monorail

● In addition to fuel conversion and energy efficiency improvement, modal shift is one of the effective means for climate change countermeasures in transport sector.

● In particular, rail transit is extremely effective as a measure against climate change.

CO2 reduction effect

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HCMC Line 1 would reduce 40% of CO2 emission

(Source)Data collection survey on development ofmeasurement, report and verification system inurban railway sector in Vietnam

(tons CO2 /year)

Without MRT With MRT

40% off

http://www.el.tufs.ac.jp/prseas/html/pc/News20171201_210721.html

Number of cities without rail transit

※Rail transit includes MRT,LRT and Trams

(Source) https://stats.oecd.org UN WUP (United Nations World Urbanization Prospects)

AreaPopulation of the city Total

3-5 mil 5-10 mil 10 mil < 3 mil <

Asia 27 (11) 23 (16) 21 (18) 71 (45)

Africa 16 (7) 4 (1) 3 (1) 23 (9)

America 17 (15) 10 (9) 7 (7) 34 (31)

Europe 5 (5) 4 (4) 3 (3) 12 (12)

OceaniaMiddle East

12 (4) 2 (0) 2 (2) 16 (6)

Total 77 (42) 43 (30) 36 (31) 156 (103)

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Only one third (1/3) of the Cities with 3million or more population

has rail transit.

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Features on JICA's support

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● JICA will focus on developing rail transit in cities with a population of 3 million or more.

Operation/management

M/P, F/S Construction

● JICA continues to conduct seamless support from M/P, F/S stage to operation/management stage.

JICA’s support on Rail-transit

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Technical Cooperation

ODA Grants

ODALoans

Urban railway construction project in Thailand

Public-Private Partnerships

Study for Improvement of bus operation in Vietnam 9

Ｈuman ResourceDevelopment in Philippines

Providing Operating Control Center for Myanmar Railways

Mobility Management (1)

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Workshops for residents near bus stops

How to get the bus for Children

Collecting a series of stamps event on Bus Free Day

Lots of tools are made for MM Activity

Mobility Management (2)

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Mobility Management Handbook（For Participants）https://libopac.jica.go.jp/images/report/12356861.pdf

Mobility Management Handbook(For Stakeholders)https://libopac.jica.go.jp/images/report/P1000044077.html

Let’s work together for realizing EST

Green color shows countries where JICA’s support in railway sector(both completed and on-going)

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