sustainable tourism.ppt

8/14/2019 sustainable tourism.ppt

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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies

Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development

• Recognize the world-wide importanceof natural resource conservation andsustainable tourism development.

• Learn how ecotourism can benefitlocal people.

• Understand the dangers andlimitations of ecotourism.

• Understand tourist codes of ethicsand guidelines.

• Learn current environmentalpractices of tourism organizations

and suppliers.• Learn how to maintain natural

destinations.

Learning Objectives






WTTCImplications of Resource Depletion

Political instability or increased

competition for land could lead to lossof potential new tourism destinations anddegradation of existing destinations.

Loss of landscape and wildlife could causea decrease in customer satisfaction withtourism products and hence lower

propensity to travel to some destinations.

Higher fuel prices could lead to operational price increases and corresponding

decreases in the number of travelersin this “price-sensitive market.”


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sustainable-tourismppt 4/2210th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment


art Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development

Elements of the WTTCVision of Travel & Tourism

and the Environment Travel & Tourism is an integral aspect

of modern societies Global awareness of environmental damage

is developing rapidly

The resources of the world’s largest industrycan and must be harnessed to achieveenvironmental goals

The industry has the potential to influence billions

of customers per years and to use its leverage toachieve beneficial environmental effects

The customer challenge will exert a growingpressure to achieve environmental improvements

Environmental lobbies will add pressure to developgood environmental practice

Self-regulation must be developed rapidly andeffectively and used to influence the developmentof appropriate and workable regulations

Corporate environmental mission statementsare a vital first step toward self-regulation

Environmental leadership must come from themajor international companies






The Premises ofSustainable Development

• The Premise of Interdependency

• The Premise of Multidisciplinarity

• The Premise of Previous Experience

• The Premise that Nature is Better

• The Premise of Politics and Power






Sustainable Developmentand Tourism:

The Critical Areas

• Defining the RelevantPopulation/Community

• Defining the Time Horizon

• Defining the Dimensionsof Sustainability

• Defining the Values thatUnderlie SustainableDevelopment






Sustainable Developmentin Tourism:

A Possible Allocation of Responsibility

Level/Organization Responsibilities

Host Community/Region

Defining the tourism philosophy and vision for the community/region

Establishing social, physical and culturalcarrying capacity for the hostcommunity/region

Destination ManagementCommunity-Organization

Coordination of implementation of communitySD plan tourism

Monitoring of levels and impact of tourism inthe community/region

Individual TourismFirms and Operators

Fair contribution to implementation of SD planfor tourism

Observance of regulations, guideline andpractices for SD

Host Community/Region Encouragement/acceptance of tourism within

parameter of SD plan

Visitors/Tourists

Acceptance of responsibility for minimal self-education with respect to values of host region

Acceptance and observance of terms andconditions of host community SD plan for tourism






Sustainable Tourism An Agenda for Action

ACTIVITIES:

Coordinating the development of a tourismphilosophy and vision for the community/region

Specifying the major goals of thecommunity/region with respect to tourism

Obtaining consensus concerning the social,

physical, and cultural carrying capacity ofthe community/region in question

Identifying the specific action initiativesnecessary to meet the tourism developmentobjectives while respecting the destination’scarrying capacities

Gaining agreement on the measures to be

used in monitoring the impacts of tourismin the community/region

Gathering and disseminating informationconcerning the impacts of tourism on thecommunity/region






PROGRAM ELEMENTS:

Maximum total visitation levelsto a community/region

An obligatory tax to support tourisminfrastructure planning, development,and maintenance

Community-supported legislation toprotect and preserve unique resourcesand heritage sites

Community and industry consensusconcerning architectural and signage

standards

Support for standards and certificationprograms that encourage staff developmentand the delivery of high-quality service

Sustainable Tourism

An Agenda for Action






• Responsible travel to natural areasthat conserves the environment andsustains the well-being of local people

• Environmentally friendly travel thatemphasizes seeing and saving naturalhabitats and archeological treasures

• A tool for conservation

• Ecologically responsible tourism

Definitions of Ecotourism

Some definitions of

ecotourism are as follows:






•Provides jobs and incomefor local people

•Makes possible funds topurchase and improve protectedor natural areas to attract more

ecotourists in the future

•Provides environmentaleducation for visitors

•Encourages heritage andenvironmental preservationand enhancement

Benefits and Importanceof Ecotourism






Translating Idealism intoSustainable Tourism

- What Managers Need to Know -

Measures of

• The general relationshipbetween tourism and the

environment• The effects of environmental

factors on tourism

• The impacts of the tourismindustry on the environment






Types of Indicators

• Core indicators of sustainable tourism

which have been developed for

general application to all destinations• Destination-specific indicators

applicable to particular ecosystems or

types of tourism. These indicators fall

into two categories: – Supplementary ecosystem -spec i f ic indicators for

application to particular ecosystems (e.g., coastal

areas, parks and protected areas, or mountainous

regions).

– Site-speci f ic ind icators that are developed uniquely

for the particular site. These indicators reflect

important factors of the site. Which may not beadequately covered by the core and supplementary

eco-system-specific indicator sets, but are

nonetheless needed for management of the

particular site.






Core Indicators ofSustainable Tourism

Indicator Specific Measures

Site Protection Category of site protection according to IUCNa index

Stress Tourist numbers visiting site (per annum/peak month)

Use Intensity Intensity of use in peak period (persons/hectare)

Social Impact Ratio of tourists to locals (peak period and over time)

Development ControlExistence of environmental review procedure or formal controlsover development of site and use densities

Waste ManagementPercentage of sewage from site receiving treatment (additionalindicators may include structural limits of other infrastructuralcapacity on site, such as water supply)

Planning ProcessExistence of organized regional plan for tourist destination region(including tourism component)

Critical Ecosystems Number of rare/endangered species

Consumer Satisfaction

Level of satisfaction by visitors (questionnaire-based)

Local Satisfaction Level of satisfaction by locals (questionnaire-based)

Tourism Contributionto Local Economy

Proportion of total economic activity generated by tourism only

Composite Indicesb

Specific Measures

Carrying Capacity Composite early warning measure of key factors affecting the

ability of the site to support different levels of tourism

Site Stress Composite measure of levels of impact on the site (its natural

and cultural attributes due to tourism and other sector cumulative stresses)

Attractivity

Qualitative measure of those site attributes that make itattractive to tourism and can change over time

a International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

b The composite indices are largely composed of site-specific variables. Consequently, the identification and evaluation of the indicators

composing these indices require on-site direction from an appropriately trained and experienced observer. In the future, based on the

experiences in designing composite indicators for specific sites, it may be possible to derive these indices in a more systematic fashion.

See the case studies for Villa Gesell and Peninsula Valdes for application of these indices.

Source : World Tourism Organization






Tourism IndustryAssociations of Canada

• Enjoy our diverse natural and cultural

heritage and help us to protect andpreserve it.

• Assist us in our conservation effortsthrough the efficient use of resources,including energy and water.

• Experience the friendliness of our people

and the welcoming spirit of ourcommunities. Help us to preserve theseattributes by respecting our traditions,customs, and local regulations.

• Avoid activities which threaten wildlifeor plant populations, or which may bepotentially damaging to our natural

environment.• Select tourism products and services

that demonstrate social, cultural, andenvironmental sensitivity.






Common Featuresof All Codes

the need to make an overall commitmentto the physical and human environment,

to accept responsibility for environmentaldamage and take corrective action wherenecessary, and to promote and rewardoutstanding environmental performance;

the need to develop policies and strategiesthat take account of land-use planning

regulations and the need to protect someareas from further development;

the need to develop management policiesthat enhance beneficial and minimizeadverse impacts on the environment;

and

the need to cooperate with other firms,sectors and countries.



10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 18: Travel and Tour ism Research


Part Five: Essentials of Tour ism Research and Marketing

•Recognize the role and scopeof travel research

•Learn the travel researchprocess

•Study secondary data

and how it can be used•Understand the methodsof collecting primary data

•Know who does travel research

Learning Objectives






1. To delineate significant problems

2. To keep an organization or abusiness in touch with its markets

3. To reduce waste

4. To develop new sources of profit

5. To aid in sales promotion

6. To create goodwill

Uses of Travel Research

Some uses or functions of

travel research are:






1. Identify the problem

2. Conduct a situation analysis3. Conduct an informal

investigation

4. Develop a formal research

design5. Collect the data

6. Tabulate and analyze

7. Interpret

8. Write the report

9. Follow up

The Travel Research Process






Sources of InformationSecondary Data

Saves time and money if the data is related to your

problem and is relatively current.

The following criteria may be use to appraise the

value of information obtained from secondary data

sources:

1. The organizations supplying the data

2. The authority under which the data

was gathered

3. Freedom from bias

4. Adequacy from the sample

5. The nature for the unit in which the data

are expressed6. Accuracy of the data

7. Pertinency to the problem

8. Careful work






Basic ResearchMethods

• Focus Groups

• The Survey Method

Factual surveys

Opinion surveys

Interpretive surveys

Personal interviews

Telephone surveys

Mail surveys

Electronic devices

• Observational method

• Experimental method

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