Introduction

Sanitation has always been a neglected area at local and

regional level.

Around 660 million people in rural and urban do not have

access to safe sanitation, the situation in Gujarat is no different.

Declining fresh water, a major concern. By 2025 India will be a

water stress country.

The Problem

Almost all sanitation systems are water centric, requiring large quantity of water.

These systems are not as per Bellagio principles accepted by Nations worldwide.

Inadequate sanitation management leads to enormous health and hygiene problems.

2/3rd of generated waste water do not get any treatment

Linear End of Pipe Technology

Solution

A paradigm shift in thinking to approach is required

Individual Septic Tank

Made for toilets with water sealed WC Pans

The pipe discharges water in a water tight tank located off-set

Contaminants are removed by settling and flotation.

Waste water from classified layer flow to the outlet.

Retained organic substance are decomposed.

De-slugging is required every 2-5 years.

Double Vault Toilet

Faeces drop in the dry chamber

Urine and water flow in a separate

chamber

Faeces are treated by composting

Urine and waste water by evapo-

transpiration bed

Separate Sanitation

Urine is flushed with 0-1 Liters of water

and stored in an air-tight container.

Faeces are stored in insulated vault for

six months and treated by composting.

The urine is utilized for plantation

purpose as to enrich the soil.

Waterless Urinal Traps

IIT zero-dor

The IIT zero-dor is a trap based on principle of ball valve to prevent escape of gases and fluids

It utilizes the difference in specific gravity of urine and the LDPE ball

Waterless Urinal Traps

Membrane based traps

A membrane based trap made of rubber, silicon or LDPE is used to control the odor

The membrane acts as a one way valve allowing urine to flow while blocking the odor from the drains

Urine with grit of size 2mm is allowed to pass whereas the salts precipitate on the lining of the tube which is to be cleaned with water regularly

Waterless Urinal Traps

Sealant liquid based traps

Urine and debris passes through oil based sealant liquid which forms the seal to prevent odor reaching the washroom

The sealant liquid is present in cartilages which also captures the debris and is needed to be replaced after certain interval of time

Waterless Urinal Traps

Biological blocks

Biological blocks used for making urinals waterless contain active ingredients including microbial spores and surfactants

These when incur the flowing urine, leads to rise in the number of bacteria, breaking down the urine and preventing the sludge deposition and salt precipitation

Conclusion

A socially acceptable, economically viable and environmentally

sound solution is to be provided for sustainable sanitation to be

a daily term

Neglecting ecological approaches to sanitation is a missed

opportunity, which will greatly improve the lives of future

generations

References

Kumar p, Waterless urinals for sustainable Environment.

Presented at National workshop on Sustainable Sanitation, New

Delhi-19th-20th March-2008.

Greenifying Nirma University: Proposing rainwater harvesting ,

vermi composting and use of waterless urinals for Building Block

B-Hakimuddin Mani and Mihir Panchal, Nirma University,

Ahmedabad-2011.

Seminar on Decentralized waste water treatment at Auroville,

Tamil Nadu 2nd-6th August, 2008.

Desert Cubes http://www.desert.com.au as on 30th December,

2014.