Sustainable Public Procurement Swiss good practice catalogue...Sustainable Public Procurement –...

Sustainable Public Procurement Swiss good practice catalogue

Sustainable Public Procurement – Swiss good Practice catalogue The project is being implemented with the financial support of Switzerland within the Swiss contribution to the extended European Union

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Acknowledgments

The author, Eveline Venanzoni, Buero’84, would like to thank those people who contributed to the description of the good praxis examples:

Thomas Bongard, City of Bern; Markus Etter, BBL; Pierre-Alain Keller, City of Geneva; Joanna Ozimek, FEDRO, Andreas Stier, armasuisse; Daniel Taubert, City of Lenzburg; Lukas Tschirren, Municipality of Münsingen; Reto von Arx, Post Company Cars.

February 2019


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1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6

2 Legal Framework .................................................................................................................. 6

2.1 Federal Constitution (FC) of the Swiss Federation (SR 101) ........................................................ 7

2.2 Federal Act (BoeB, SR 172.056.1) and Ordinance on Public Procurement (VoeB, SR 172.056.11) ............................................................................................................................................. 8

2.3 Ordinance on the Organisation of Public Procurement (Org-VoeB, SR 172.056.15) ................ 10

2.4 Intercantonal Agreement on Public Procurement (IVoeB) ........................................................ 12

2.5 Domestic Market Act (BGBM) SR 943.02 ................................................................................... 12

2.6 Federal Act on Forest SR 921.0 (Forest Act, ForA) ..................................................................... 12

2.7 Ordinance on the Federal Vehicles and their drivers (VFBF) SR 514.31 .................................... 13

2.8 Directives on the ecological principles for the procurement and use of vehicles of the Federal administration (1.1.2016) ...................................................................................................................... 13

3 Institutional framework ...................................................................................................... 15

3.1 Sustainable Development (SD) Strategy of the Federal Council ................................................ 15

3.2 RUMBA Environmental Management System (EMS) in the whole Federal Administration ...... 16

3.2.1 ICT Standards (Procurement and use) ................................................................................. 18

3.2.2 Paper ................................................................................................................................... 19

3.2.3 Procurement of emission reduction certificates CER ........................................................... 19

3.3 Energy Strategy 2050 .................................................................................................................. 20

3.3.1 Light - The federal government wants to lead by good example ........................................ 20

3.4 Federal Procurement Conference (BKB) .................................................................................... 20

3.4.1 Sustainable Procurement - Recommendations for the Federal Procurement Offices ......... 21


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3.4.2 Guiding Principles for Sustainable Public Procurement (goods and services), 22 November 2018 21

3.5 Coordination Group for Construction and Property Services KBOB .......................................... 22

3.5.1 Recommendation on Sustainable Property Management .................................................. 22

3.6 Green Economy Action Plan ....................................................................................................... 23

3.7 Corporate Social Responsibility CSR; Position Paper and Action Plan of the Federal Council ... 24

3.8 UN-Framework on Climate change, the Paris Agreement ......................................................... 24

3.9 Sustainable Development Goals SDGs ....................................................................................... 24

4 Good Practice examples ..................................................................................................... 25

4.1 Procurement of goods ................................................................................................................ 25

4.1.1 Armasuisse .......................................................................................................................... 25

4.1.1.1 T-shirts for the Civilian Service ...................................................................................................... 25

4.1.1.2 Shirts and Blouses for different entities of the Swiss Confederation ............................................ 28

4.1.2 Federal Office of Buildings and Logistics BBL ...................................................................... 31

4.1.2.1 Copy paper for multi-functional devices (open procedure Art. 14 BoeB) ..................................... 33

4.1.3 Swiss Post – “Post Company Cars Ltd” ................................................................................ 39

4.1.3.1 Electric scooters DXP – Procurement of Innovation/ Strategic procurement ............................... 39

4.1.4 City of Bern .......................................................................................................................... 43

4.1.4.1 Standard furniture for basic level and kindergarten – Open procedure (2018) ......................... 43

4.1.4.2 Standard school furniture for the urban elementary schools of the city of Bern – Open procedure (2015) 46

4.2 Procurement of Services ............................................................................................................ 51

4.2.1 Municipality of Münsingen .................................................................................................. 51

4.2.1.1 Procurement of disposal services.................................................................................................. 51


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4.2.2 REAL (Recycling, Disposal, Wastewater, Lucerne)............................................................... 52

4.2.2.1 Waste management and recycling – economic pooling ............................................................... 52

4.2.3 Federal Office for the Environment FOEN ........................................................................... 54

4.2.3.1 Electronic data collection from accompanying and notification forms in transboundary waste transport ("VeVA consignment note") .......................................................................................................... 54

4.2.4 City of Geneva ..................................................................................................................... 56

4.2.4.1 Concierge services (Invitation procedure (Art. 12 bbis IVoeB or single tender procedure) .......... 56

4.3 Procurement of Works ............................................................................................................... 58

4.3.1 Federal Roads Office FEDRO ................................................................................................ 58

4.3.1.1 Highway overpass for slow traffic – Invitation procedure (Art. 35 VoeB) ..................................... 58

4.3.1.2 UPN Colombier – Cornaux / Tunnel lighting (Strategic procurement, functional procurement) . 61

4.3.2 FEDRO / Canton of Obwalden ............................................................................................. 63

4.3.2.1 Tunnel lighting Lungern ................................................................................................................. 63

4.3.3 Municipality of Trubschachen ............................................................................................. 66

4.3.3.1 Installation of intelligent LED street lighting ................................................................................. 66

4.3.4 City of Lenzburg ................................................................................................................... 68

4.3.4.1 Paving of a historic alley – Invitation procedure ........................................................................... 68

5 Glossary .............................................................................................................................. 70


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1 Introduction

In 2010 the president of the Swiss confederation together with another Swiss Federal Councilor and the Bulgarian Minister for EU Funds Management signed a Framework agreement between Bulgaria and Switzerland. This Swiss-Bulgarian cooperation programme aims at reducing social and economic inequalities within the expanded European Union.

The bilateral Framework agreement defines the concrete topics and processes. Switzerland will give support in areas where Bulgaria has claimed need and in which Switzerland can offer know-how and expertise.

One of the topics of the cooperation programme is to give methodological support tor the development of Green Public Procurement (GPP) in Bulgaria.

The awarding of green public procurement, in line with the relevant EU directives, the national public procurement legislation should be promoted through the project.

Amongst others it is foreseen to provide a Handbook on Swiss good practice examples to the Public Procurement Agency Bulgaria (PPA). This handbook should show on the one hand under what institutional and legal framework GPP/SPP is implemented in Switzerland (Federal, Cantonal and Municipal level) and on the other hand show examples of implemented GPP/SPP projects.

Chapter two and three aim at highlighting the legal and institutional provisions that mention sustainability, public procurement respectively. These inclusions of sustainability aspects help public procurers (strategic and operational ones) to justify the introduction of sustainability criteria in the procurement process in the case they might be challenged internally or by a tenderer.

2 Legal Framework

Sustainable Public Procurement in Switzerland is voluntary except for some product groups like ICT equipment, passenger cars and timber. As the first two product groups are known to be relatively high energy consuming products two reasons led to the mandatory ecological requirements for these product groups:

On the one hand the Energy Strategy 2050 of the Federal council that asks amongst other things to buy energy-efficient products and on the other hand the economic advantage that can clearly be shown by buying and using energy-efficient devices. Energy savings result in a CO2 emission reduction.

In general, it can be said that the Swiss legal framework furthers the implementation of Sustainable Public Procurement.


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2.1 Federal Constitution (FC) of the Swiss Federation (SR 101)1

In 1999 Swiss people voted for the insertion of a commitment to further sustainable development and the long-term preservation of natural resources in Article 2, Aims of the FC. This as a logical consequence to what is said in the preamble of the Federal Constitution, that the Swiss people and the Cantons shall adopt the new constitution “mindful of their responsibility towards creation” and conscious of their “responsibility towards future generation”. The Federal Constitution acknowledges therefore the preservation of natural resources as indispensable.

Furthermore Article 73 states that

Art. 73 Sustainable Development

The Confederation and the Cantons shall endeavor to achieve a balanced and sustainable relationship between nature and its capacity to renew itself under consideration of the demands placed on it by the people.

Legal regulation of Public Procurement in Switzerland

The figure below shows which agreements, acts and ordinances apply to which level of the Swiss Confederation2.

1 https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html (E)

2 https://www.ch.ch/en/demokratie/federalism/federalism/ (E, G, F, I)

https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html

https://www.ch.ch/en/demokratie/federalism/federalism/


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2.2 Federal Act (BoeB, SR 172.056.1)3 and Ordinance

on Public Procurement (VoeB, SR 172.056.11)4

The Federal Act and Ordinance on Public Procurement implement the Government Procurement Agreement GPA5 of the WTO and entered into force 1 January 1996. They regulate Federal Public Procurement and contain several articles that favor or at least allow the implementation of Sustainable Public Procurement. When formulating sustainability aspects in a tender document it is important to have always in mind to do it with respect to the purpose of the Public Procurement Act that is:

Art. 1 BoeB:

1The Swiss Confederation shall with this Act:

Regulate and transparently organize the procedure for the award of public contracts for supplies, services and works; strengthen competition between tenderers; promote the efficient use of public funds

2It further intends to ensure non-discrimination between tenderers.

Which articles of the act and ordinance on public procurement refer to sustainability aspects are indicated hereinafter.

Social Aspects

Mandatory Participation Conditions, Art. 8 (1) b and c BoeB and Art. 7 (2) VoeB

The bidders that perform their service in Switzerland have to comply with the applicable health and safety regulations for Switzerland at the place of performance and must guarantee equal pay for men and women. (BoeB)

If the place of performance is abroad, the bidder must guarantee compliance with at least the ILO Core Conventions.6 (VoeB)

3 https://www.bkb.admin.ch/bkb/de/home/rechtsgrundlagen/bundeserlasse.html (E)

4 https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19950538/index.html (G, F, I)

5 https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/gp_gpa_e.htm

6 https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/conventions-and-recommendations/lang--en/index.htm

https://www.bkb.admin.ch/bkb/de/home/rechtsgrundlagen/bundeserlasse.html

https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19950538/index.html

https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/gp_gpa_e.htm

https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/conventions-and-recommendations/lang--en/index.htm

https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/conventions-and-recommendations/lang--en/index.htm


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These participation conditions have to be met by all bidders, independent of the subject matter of the contract.

Environmental aspects

Technical Specifications, Art. 12 BoeB and Art. 16a VoeB The technical specifications (TS) allow to set minimum environmental standards that have to be met by every offer. Often the criteria that lie behind eco-labels are used to set the minimum standard. It is important to have in mind that the bar will not be set too high, otherwise one might get no offer or the requirement could be of discriminatory character. It is also possible instead of defining the specifications precisely to mention the objective of procurement on the basis of performance or functional criteria.

Award Criteria, Art. 21 BoeB and Art. 27 VoeB In order to further innovation or to reward offers that perform better than asked in the TS, it is possible to award offers that perform better than the required environmental minimum standard with additional points. There can also be formulated other environmental aspects relevant to the subject matter of the contract such as sustainability (has to be concretised), innovative content. The list of criteria given is not exhaustive.

Selection Criteria, Art. 9 BoeB Selection criteria refer to the bidder and not to the subject matter of the contract. These criteria are used to ensure that the bidder is financially, commercially and technically in a position to fulfil the contract. The subject matter of the contract decides if a selection criteria regarding environmental aspects may be introduced. For particular services, it may be opportune to ask the bidder to show his skills or know-how in ecological matters. One example is a contract in waste management. Certification as a specialised disposal company may be required.

Economic aspects

The most important factor regarding economy is to create with the call for tender a competitive situation that allows to award the contract under competitive conditions.

Award Criteria, Art. 21 BoeB and Art. 27 VoeB Award criteria (AC) give the opportunity to seek for the best “value for money” option or the economically most advantageous offer by formulating monetary as well as non-monetary criteria. Regarding monetary criteria, it is important to ask not only for the price but also for the total costs of ownership (TCO) of the offered solution.


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2.3 Ordinance on the Organisation of Public Procurement

(Org-VoeB, SR 172.056.15)7

This ordinance regulates the tasks and responsibilities in public procurement of the federal administration.

There are different articles in the ordinance that have an influence on the implementation of Sustainable Public Procurement.

Art.2 Purpose and principle of bundling

1 This regulation aims to ensure economically efficient, lawful and sustainable procurement by the federal administration.

2 Economic efficiency is ensured, in particular, by bundling purchases.

Art. 9 Central purchasing agencies

The goods and services listed in Annex 1 shall be procured by one of the following central purchasing bodies, subject to Article 10: 1

a. Group armasuisse; b. Federal Roads Office (FEDRO); c. Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics BBL; d. Federal Travel Center (BRZ).

The bundling of purchases has different advantages. The basic principle is the formula "larger quantities - lower prices". Bigger procurement volumes mean lower volume prices, discounts and better payment and delivery conditions. Centralised procurement helps to implement the formula of bundling and allows to have procurement specialists, professionals with high purchasing expertise and current market knowledge. Standardized processes and modern instruments ensure efficient processes , all attributes that build part of a modern procurement strategy

Furthermore Central procurement allows the development and implementation of nationwide uniform procurement strategies and procedures, and is always up to date with the current case law and international agreements. This also ensures that the products comply with the specific requirements of the federal administration, for example with regard to sustainability aspects.




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Also procurement controlling and corruption prevention, further education and training and quality assurance are centrally regulated by this ordinance.

Chapter 3a of the Ordinance sets out the goals of Procurement Controlling. Although sustainable procurement is not mandatory for Federal Public Procurement the ordinance foresees a monitoring of the implementation of sustainability aspects in call for tenders.

Art. 23a Objectives of procurement controlling Procurement controlling is an information and management tool that provides the necessary tools and information in a timely and targeted manner. It establishes transparency about acquisitions and focuses in particular on the following goals

a. strategic and operational control of procurements; b. Compliance with order and legality; c. sustainable public procurement, which covers the aspects of economy, ecology and social affairs.

The ordinance regulates in Chapter 4: Federal procurement Conference, Art.24 also the tasks of the strategic body for federal procurement of goods and services.

Chapter 5 of the ordinance specifies the specialist and other support services. For the support of the implementation of Ecological Procurement it is very important that the “Ecological Public Procurement Service” is explicitly mentioned and therefore institutionalized.

Art. 28 Ecological Public Procurement Service

1 The Ecological Public Procurement Service mainly promotes environmental and resource-efficient public procurement.

2 In particular, it has the following tasks:

a. It makes recommendations for environmental product criteria that are applicable to public procurement and provides information on new resource-saving technologies.

b. It advises the central procuring entities and the agencies on the integration of environmental aspects in public procurement.

c. It participates in the training offered by the KBB.

d. It promotes the exchange of information and experience on the topic of ecological procurement at home and abroad.

e. It also participates in the competent committees for sustainable construction.

f. As far as possible, it harmonises its instruments and its standards with those of other federal agencies, the cantons and the municipalities. It engages in dialogue with the private sector to promote sustainable procurement.


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g. It is a member of the resource management and environmental management system of the Federal Administration (RUMBA) and responsible for questions concerning ecological public procurement.

3 It is administratively assigned to the FOEN.

2.4 Intercantonal Agreement on Public Procurement (IVoeB)

Tendering in Cantons and Municipalities are not subject to BoeB. In principle, each of the 26 Cantons has its own Public Procurement law. But the Cantons agreed to implement the GPA and the bilateral agreement on Public Procurement with the EU according to a concordat called IVoeB. The concordat has been amended with Procurement principles VRoeB. All Cantons have joined the Concordat.

2.5 Domestic Market Act (BGBM) SR 943.02

The Domestic Market Act interdicts to discriminate amongst domestic, local and non-local bidders.

2.6 Federal Act on Forest SR 921.0 (Forest Act, ForA)

The representatives of the timber industry wanted to explicitly support Swiss wood for Federal Public buildings. As this would have been against international trade law (WTO) it is now stated in Art. 34 of the Forest act that in general the use of sustainably produced timber should be promoted.

Section 1a Timber Production

Art. 34a Marketing and use of timber

The Confederation shall promote the marketing and use of sustainably produced timber, in particular by supporting innovative projects.

Art. 34b Federal buildings and installations

1 The Confederation shall encourage the use of sustainably produced timber where appropriate in the planning, construction and operation of its own buildings and installations. 2 When purchasing wood products, it shall take account of factors such as sustainable and near natural forest management and the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.


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2.7 Ordinance on the Federal Vehicles and their drivers

(VFBF) SR 514.318

This ordinance regulates the procurement, maintenance and decommissioning of administrative vehicles. Additionally, Art. 5 VFBF gives advice on how to prioritize the means for missions and transports:

Art. 5 Priority order for missions and transports Missions and transports are primarily geared to ecological and economic principles. Therefore, the following priority order applies: 1. Use of public transport or means of public transport; 2. Use of vehicles of the Federal administration; 3. Use of lent and rental vehicles; 4. For distances, up to 150 km using private vehicles of the employees, provided no vehicle is available at the agency concerned.

Art. 23 of the ordinance refers to the procurement of the administrative vehicles:

Art. 23 Procurement of administrative vehicles

1 The bodies referred to in Article 2 (1) shall appoint the administrative vehicles to be procured from armasuisse. Procurement costs are charged to the credit of the entities concerned. 2 Renting or leasing vehicles should be preferred to the purchase if these types of procurement prove to be more economically and ecologically sensible. 3 Vehicles must be selected according to economic and environmental principles, in particular according to the principle of energy efficiency. The bodies referred to in Article 2 (1) shall give reasons for the designation of category C and D energy efficiency vehicles. It is not permitted to procure vehicles of energy efficiency categories E, F and G (Annex 4 of the Energy Efficiency Order of 1 November 20172). Exceptions shall be decided by the responsible general secretariat of the bodies referred to in Article 2 (1.3)

2.8 Directives on the ecological principles for the procurement and

use of vehicles of the Federal administration (1.1.2016)9

These directives of the Federal Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sport (VBS, to which belongs armasuisse) define the environmental principles for the procurement and use of administrative vehicles. They detail the principle of energy efficiency set out in the VFBF (cf. 2.7)


9 https://www.vbs.admin.ch/de/themen/umwelt/energiekonzept-2020.detail.document.html/vbs-internet/de/documents/raumundumwelt/energie/Umwelt-Energie-Weisungen-oekologische-Grundsaetze-Beschaffung-Verwaltungsfahrzeuge-de.pdf.html (G)


https://www.vbs.admin.ch/de/themen/umwelt/energiekonzept-2020.detail.document.html/vbs-internet/de/documents/raumundumwelt/energie/Umwelt-Energie-Weisungen-oekologische-Grundsaetze-Beschaffung-Verwaltungsfahrzeuge-de.pdf.html




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Addressees of the directive are customers (different Federal agencies), users (Federal employees) and procurers (armasuisse).

Para 6 of the directives states the general procurement criteria:

Para 6 General criteria for vehicle procurement

All administrative vehicles must meet the following requirements as far as possible: a. Energy efficiency in accordance with Art. 23 VFBF, provided that suitable vehicles are available on the market

b. Cause low noise emissions

c. Use tires of the best possible fuel efficiency class and with low rolling noise10

d. Use low-viscosity engine and gear oils

e. Take into account aspects of active and passive safety, pedestrian protection etc.

Detailed requirements regarding passenger vehicles are given in para 7 of the directive:

Para 7 Additional criteria for passenger vehicles

1 In addition to the criteria listed in Para 6 for the total of the Federal administration’s passenger’s vehicles, ecological criteria of the utility analysis have to be weighted by at least 15 percent. 2 In the case of passenger vehicles up to a maximum of 5 places, without vehicles with all-wheel drive and emergency vehicles, the following requirements must also be met:

a. Whenever possible they meet efficiency category A11

b. Each department ensures that at least 5 percent of its vehicles emit no more than 75 g of climate relevant CO2/km.

Para 7 b aims at furthering the procurement of electric vehicles.

Section 4 of the directives deal with the issues of:

Para 8 Framework contracts Para 9 Optimized driving style Para 10 Education and information

Section 5, Para 11 is about Ecologically optimized fleet management.

10 http://www.bfe.admin.ch/energieetikette/00886/04758/04761/index.html?lang=en (E, G, F, I)

11 http://www.bfe.admin.ch/energieetikette/00886/index.html?lang=en (E, G, F, I)

http://www.bfe.admin.ch/energieetikette/00886/04758/04761/index.html?lang=en

http://www.bfe.admin.ch/energieetikette/00886/index.html?lang=en


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3 Institutional framework

3.1 Sustainable Development (SD) Strategy of the Federal Council

Since 1997, the Federal Council has set out its political intentions for the implementation of sustainable development in Switzerland in a dedicated strategy. The SD strategy is renewed every four years. This provides a reference framework for the direction in which Switzerland should continue to develop in certain key areas. The Strategy's aim is to ensure the coherent sustainable development of the country. This includes coordinating Confederation activities and ensuring that they are in line with actions by the cantons, municipalities, business and civil society.

The most important body at federal level is the Interdepartmental Sustainable Development Committee (ISDC), headed by ARE. This committee furthers the Confederation's sustainable development policy, and serves as a platform for sharing information on the Confederation's numerous sustainability activities. 12

In the second “SD Strategy 2002” that followed after the Rio+10 anniversary and was based on the SD policy formulated in 1997 a more wide-ranging approach was adopted: The integration of the principles of sustainable development across the board, in every sector of policy. In order to buttress this integrated approach, the new Federal Constitution calls for sustainable development to be duly considered in all laws, programs, concepts and projects. It is in this second SD strategy that Sustainable Public Procurement is mentioned under the action area “Financial policy”. At that time, the concept of “Integrated Product Policy” IPP was launched within the EU13 and has been reflected in the SD strategy 2002:

Action Area 2: Financial Policy

Measure 4: Introduction of an integrated product policy

To ensure that the principles of sustainable development are also put into practice in relation to products (goods and services), the Federal Council supports the introduction of an integrated product policy (IPP). Through the creation of a more favorable national and international framework, the Federal Council is seeking to shift public sector and consumer demand towards products that meet high economic, environmental and social standards. Throughout their life cycle (planning, production, use and disposal), products and services are to comply with stringent economic, environmental and social requirements.

The aims of the IPP are correspondingly diverse. Its principles are to be applied at every stage in the formulation and implementation of policies relating to products. For all policy areas of relevance to IPP, criteria and instruments are to be developed which highlight the interplay between the three dimensions of sustainability and are conducive to the implementation of this policy.

12 https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/sustainable-development/strategy-and-planning/accountabilities-and-implementation.html

13 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ipp/index_en.htm

https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/sustainable-development/strategy-and-planning/accountabilities-and-implementation.html

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ipp/index_en.htm


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The fifth Sustainable Development Strategy, for the period 2016-2019, was adopted as part of Switzerland's broader four-year legislative planning process14. Its target framework, structured by topic, comprises the Confederation's long-term vision and specific targets up to 2030.

The SD strategy 2016-2019 is influenced by the 2030 Agenda that was adopted by the United Nations in September 2015. In the longer term, the objective is to link the SD Strategy as closely as possible to the 2030 Agenda and thus ensure Switzerland's contribution to achieving its Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs, by 2030. 15

Regarding Sustainable Public Procurement, the SD Strategy 2016-2019 states under para 6.3 the following16:

6.3. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT BY THE CONFEDERATION

In its public procurement of goods (products, services, construction), the Confederation endeavors to ensure that they satisfy high economic, environmental and social requirements throughout their life cycles. It sets an example with its own procurement activities, by purchasing products and constructing buildings that are economical, environmentally compatible and healthy, and are produced or built by means that are as socially responsible as possible.

Recommendations on sustainable procurement practices for the Confederation’s purchasing units were last updated by the Federal Procurement Conference FPC in the summer of 2015. In addition, in 2013 the sustainable procurement monitoring scheme was launched as part of the Confederation’s procurement controlling activities.

The Confederation is currently looking into setting up a national platform for sustainable public procurement. The aim of this platform is to promote sustainable public procurement and to ensure that information is shared between the Confederation, the cantons and, where possible, the communes.

3.2 RUMBA Environmental Management System (EMS) in the whole

Federal Administration

RUMBA is the "Resource and Environmental Management of the Federal Administration"17. It is based on the Federal Council resolution of 15 March 1999.

14 https://www.eda.admin.ch/dea/de/home/dienstleistungen-publikationen/berichte/legislaturplanung.html (G, F, I)

15 Text from: Sustainable Development Strategy 2016-2019, Introduction page 5.

16 https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/sustainable-development/strategy-and-planning/sustainable-development-strategy-2016-2019.html

17 https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home.html

https://www.eda.admin.ch/dea/de/home/dienstleistungen-publikationen/berichte/legislaturplanung.html

https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/sustainable-development/strategy-and-planning/sustainable-development-strategy-2016-2019.html

https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/sustainable-development/strategy-and-planning/sustainable-development-strategy-2016-2019.html

https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home.html


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The main objective of RUMBA is the continuous reduction of operational and product-related environmental burdens by the civilian federal administration.

RUMBA serves:

the cost saving and efficiency increase,

the coordination of environmental activities of the civilian federal administration,

the motivation and initiative of the employees,

the model role of the federal government in the environmental field.

On the one hand, RUMBA's areas of activity are in the building sector (electricity, heat, water and waste), and on the other hand in paper consumption and business trips. Individual units also reduce the environmental impact in the product area.

The Federal Council had set a ten-year target for the individual departments. The Federal Council redefines the overall goals of RUMBA every four years, for the next legislative period until 2019.

Goals of RUMBA:

The environmental impact per full-time equivalent will be reduced by 30 percent by the end of 2019 compared to 2006. Greenhouse gas compensation is not counted.

Total greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by 40 percent by the end of 2019 compared to 2006. Greenhouse gas compensation can be credited.

As far as possible, unavoidable greenhouse gas emissions are voluntarily compensated. The procurement of the compensation certificates is carried out centrally by FOEN.

Target achievement by 201618 (G, F, I)

The graph below (extract from the Environment report 2016) shows that the different measures taken to reduce the environmental impact have been successful and that the targets set by the Federal Council are already achieved when greenhouse gas compensation can be credited.

18 https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/umweltberichte/umweltberichte-der-bundesverwaltung.html (E, G, F. I)

https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/umweltberichte/umweltberichte-der-bundesverwaltung.html


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RUMBA and Sustainable Public Procurement

The program RUMBA is linked to Public Procurement because all the items that are used in the civilian federal administration are procured centrally and together with their correct use, decide on the environmental impact of the activities of the civilian federal administration. The “ecological procurement service” is a member of the RUMBA expert group and together with the central procurement agencies supports the procurement of resource efficient working equipment for the Federal Administration. (e.g. electricity, vehicles, ICT-equipment, paper, office furniture, emission reduction certificates CER). Combination of procurement and the correct use of products

It`s very important that the environmental friendly products, procured by the Central procurement entities, are applied correctly. Otherwise all the advantages of the products might get lost. The following two examples, ICT standard and paper, shall show how this is carried out within the program RUMBA.

3.2.1 ICT Standards (Procurement and use)19

Standard P025 ICT Standard P025 defines the ecological requirements for the procurement of standardized ICT)products. By incorporating these criteria in the tender document as technical specification, it is possible to reduce the resource consumption of IT systems - above all the power consumption and the associated costs and environmental impact.

19 https://www.isb.admin.ch/isb/de/home/ikt-vorgaben/standards.html#-890448612

https://www.isb.admin.ch/isb/de/home/ikt-vorgaben/standards.html#-890448612


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Standard P026 ICT standard P026 defines the ecological requirements for the operation of standardized ICT products. Following these criteria can reduce the resource consumption of IT systems - especially electricity consumption and the associated costs and environmental impact.

The RUMBA module "IT-Standard" (G,F)20 serves to implement the requirements of this standard at all office workplaces of the Federal agencies. In particular, it gives advice for the optimal setting of the energy-saving functions of the devices as well as for the use of switchable power strips, in order to avoid unnecessary stand-by losses outside working hours. Further measures should be taken for the cooling of server rooms.

3.2.2 Paper

The Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics (BBL) as one of the central procurement agencies, offers a range of environmental friendly papers for various uses.

The RUMBA Module on the ecologically correct use of paper for copying, printing and archiving, shows also the environmental impacts of the different papers. (G, F)21 The responsibility for the cost-effective and environmentally efficient use of paper lies within the individual Federal agencies and with each employee. The Federal Council has set the goal of continuously reducing the environmental impact in each department. Therefore, the consumption of copy paper - currently around 9,350 sheets per employee per year - should be reduced and the share of recycled paper increased.

3.2.3 Procurement of emission reduction certificates CER

Greenhouse gas emissions that cannot be avoided can be compensated voluntarily through the procurement of emission reduction certificates. The procurement of these certificates is carried out centrally by FOEN.

In 2017, around 21`600 tons of CO2 equivalents were offset by the RUMBA units.

Requirements for CER

Only Certified Emission Reductions (CER) already issued by Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)22 projects with a proven contribution to sustainable development will be accepted. The CERs must be Gold Standard23 or demonstrate compliance with comparable requirements. This bundled approach (central procurement of CER

20 https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/strom/informatik-standard.html

21 https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/papier.html

22 https://cdm.unfccc.int

23 https://www.goldstandard.org

https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/strom/informatik-standard.html

https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/papier.html

https://cdm.unfccc.int/

https://www.goldstandard.org/


20

by FOEN) enables good quality certificates to be procured at a lower price than it would be possible for individual administrative units.

3.3 Energy Strategy 2050

Following the reactor disaster of Fukushima in 2011, the Federal Council and Parliament decided on Switzerland's progressive withdrawal from nuclear energy production. This decision, together with further far-reaching changes in the international energy environment, requires an upgrading of the Swiss energy system. For this purpose, the Federal Council has developed the Energy Strategy 2050. (E, G, F, I,)24

On 4 September 2013, the Federal Council submitted to the Parliament a draft of a totally revised Energy Act. The revised act aims at significantly develop the existing potential for energy efficiency and exploit the potential of water power and the new renewable energies (sun, wind, geothermal, biomass). The new Energy Act also entails amendments to various other federal laws. Swiss voters approved the law on 21 May 2017. The new legislation has been in force since 1 January 2018.

As part of the Energy Strategy 2050, the federal government must serve as a role model for the Swiss population and motivate its employees to save energy. This goal is pursued with the program "Resource and Environmental Management of the Federal Administration (RUMBA)" (see above).

3.3.1 Light - The federal government wants to lead by good example

The Confederation checks the use of LEDs on the occasion of new buildings and refurbishing old buildings and assesses the project in terms of sustainability (resource consumption, profitability, heritage protection).

Few examples in and around federal buildings where conventional lighting has been replaced by LED can be found on the RUMBA Website (G, F, I). 25

3.4 Federal Procurement Conference (BKB)

The Federal Procurement Conference is the strategic body of the federal administration for the area of procurement of goods and services. The objectives, tasks and powers of the BKB and its organization are regulated in the Ordinance on the Organization of Public Procurement of the Federal Government, Org-VoeB, Art. 24 ff (cf. 2.3)

24 http://www.bfe.admin.ch/energiestrategie2050/index.html?lang=en&dossier_id=07008

25 https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/strom/licht.html

http://www.bfe.admin.ch/energiestrategie2050/index.html?lang=en&dossier_id=07008

https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/strom/licht.html


21

Its tasks are: Further development of federal public procurement, sustainability, politics, further education and training in public procurement.

Members of the BKB are::

Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics BBL State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Federal IT Steering Unit ISB General Secretariat of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA Federal Office for Defense Procurement armasuisse Federal Roads Office FEDRO

Observers are:

The Swiss Post The Swiss Federal Railways SBB The University for Science and Technology ETH Secretariat of the Competition Commission WEKO Swiss Federal Audit Office SFAO

3.4.1 Sustainable Procurement - Recommendations for the Federal Procurement

Offices

In 2014 the BKB published its recommendations for sustainable procurement26 (E). The recommendations provide practical guidance on how to address ecological and social aspects in a procurement process, without losing sight of the objective of economic efficiency. Very important in this document is not only its practical aspect but also the statement of the president of the BKB and his commitment to Sustainable Procurement in the preface of the recommendations. He calls on Federal procurers to procure goods that meet high social, economic and ecological criteria throughout their lifetime.

3.4.2 Guiding Principles for Sustainable Public Procurement

(goods and services), 22 November 2018

The guiding principles of the BKB27 (G, F, I) are common rules that should allow to implement the aim of Art. 2 Lit a of the revised BoeB, “sustainable public procurement”, and that should be followed by Federal procurers.

26 https://www.bkb.admin.ch/bkb/de/home/oeffentliches-beschaffungswesen/nachhaltige-beschaffung.html

27 https://www.bkb.admin.ch/bkb/de/home/oeffentliches-beschaffungswesen/nachhaltige-beschaffung.html

https://www.bkb.admin.ch/bkb/de/home/oeffentliches-beschaffungswesen/nachhaltige-beschaffung.html

https://www.bkb.admin.ch/bkb/de/home/oeffentliches-beschaffungswesen/nachhaltige-beschaffung.html


22

The implementation of the guiding principles shall be concretised by fact sheets. The guiding principles are valid for the Federal Procurement entities. As the principles have been elaborated consensually by representatives from Cantons, Cities and municipalities, the Cantons are invited to follow these principles as well.

The core requirements for the Procurement units are based on the principles of the standard ISO 20400 “Sustainable Procurement”.28

3.5 Coordination Group for Construction and Property Services KBOB

Members of the group KBOB are: - Federal Office for Buildings and logistics, BBL - armasuisse Real Estate - ETH-Board (ETHZ, EPFL, PSI, WSI, Empa, Eawag) - Federal Roads Office FEDRO - Federal Office of Transport FOT

Voluntary members are: - Swiss Construction, Planning and Environment Directors Conference BPUK - Swiss Cities Association - Swiss Municipalities Association

Observers are: - Swiss Federal Railways SBB

3.5.1 Recommendation on Sustainable Property Management29

The Confederation manages its portfolio according to the criteria of sustainability. Instructions, recommendations and fact sheets substantiate the implementation.

According to the "Sustainable Development" strategy of the Federal Council, the Federal buildings and infrastructure are to become sustainable. For this reason, the Federal Government's “Regulation on Real Estate Management and Logistics” (VILB, Art. 9)30 sets out the principle how the extensive real estate portfolio shall be managed according to the criteria of sustainable development. Building on this, the Federal Department of Finance has issued "Instructions on Sustainable Real Estate Management" comprising 11 guiding principles.

28 https://www.iso.org/standard/63026.html

29 https://www.kbob.admin.ch/kbob/de/home/themen-und-trends/nachhaltiges-immobilienmanagement.html

30 https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20082537/index.html

https://www.iso.org/standard/63026.html

https://www.kbob.admin.ch/kbob/de/home/themen-und-trends/nachhaltiges-immobilienmanagement.html



23

These guidelines identify the most important fields of action in sustainable real estate management and set the direction. The guiding principles are further specified in the recommendations of the KBOB.

The 11 guiding principles are on:

1 Security, health and utility 2 Innovation and Role Model 3 Participation 4 Heritage protection, Landscape Protection, Architecture 5 Lifecycle Approach 6 Procurement 7 “Polluter-pays” Principle 8 Natural Resources 9 Emissions 10 Mobility 11 Environmental Management

3.6 Green Economy Action Plan

The 2013 Green Economy Action Plan31 and its further development over the period 2016-2019 intends to provide targeted measures for supporting the voluntary commitment of business, science and society to conserving natural resources, make consumption more environmentally-friendly and strengthen the circular economy.

The measures for a Green Economy focus on the areas of consumption and production, waste and raw materials as well as cross-cutting instruments. The measure regarding consumption and production reads as follows:

Consumption and Production

Current consumer behavior and production methods use large quantities of natural resources and cause major environmental impacts. Increasing consumer awareness so that consumers can make more environmentally-friendly decisions when it comes to the purchase and use of products is important. To achieve this, transparency and standards relating to ecologically important raw materials and products must be improved and supported, and products must be manufactured in a way that is more environmentally friendly and conserves resources.

31 https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/economy-consumption/info-specialists/green-economy/green-economy-action-plan--priority-areas.html (E)

https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/economy-consumption/info-specialists/green-economy/green-economy-action-plan--priority-areas.html

https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/economy-consumption/info-specialists/green-economy/green-economy-action-plan--priority-areas.html


24

3.7 Corporate Social Responsibility CSR; Position Paper and Action

Plan of the Federal Council

In 2015 the Swiss Federal Council adopted a position paper on corporate social responsibility32 (E). The position paper sets out four strategic priorities for the activities of the Federal government. An action plan for 2015–2019 lays out the measures with respect to the four principles.

Regarding Sustainable Public Procurement Measure 3 of the action plan is decisive. It states: The Confederation integrates responsible entrepreneurial behavior in the sense of an exemplary role in its own relevant activities. This applies to the Confederation by name as employer, investor, procurer and company owner (federally owned companies).

As a procurer the Confederation respects - Social Criteria - Environmental Criteria (innovation included) and - Corruption prevention

3.8 UN-Framework on Climate change, the Paris Agreement

In 2016, the Paris Agreement on climate change33 entered into force, addressing the need to limit the rise

of global temperatures.

The parties to the Paris Agreement should step up to the challenge of using procurement as an additional measure to address climate change and help ensure that the Paris Agreement lives up to its promise.

3.9 Sustainable Development Goals SDGs

World leaders adopted in September 2015 at a historic UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)34 of the 2030 Agenda for SD. Officially the SDGs entered into force on 1 January 2016.

32 https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home/Aussenwirtschaftspolitik_Wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit/Wirtschaftsbeziehungen/Gesellschaftliche_Verantwortung_der_Unternehmen/CSR.html

33 https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement

34 https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/

https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home/Aussenwirtschaftspolitik_Wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit/Wirtschaftsbeziehungen/Gesellschaftliche_Verantwortung_der_Unternehmen/CSR.html

https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home/Aussenwirtschaftspolitik_Wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit/Wirtschaftsbeziehungen/Gesellschaftliche_Verantwortung_der_Unternehmen/CSR.html

https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement

https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/


25

With these new Goals that build on the Millennium Development Goals MDGs, all countries shall mobilize - for a time period of 15 years - efforts to end all forms of poverty, fight inequalities and tackle climate change, while ensuring that no one is left behind.

SD Goal 1235 is dedicated to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

One target of Goal 12 concerns directly sustainable public procurement:

Target 12.7: Promote sustainable public procurement practices

UN definition: Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities.

4 Good Practice examples

4.1 Procurement of goods

4.1.1 Armasuisse

4.1.1.1 T-shirts for the Civilian Service

Armasuisse as one of the four central procurement agencies (Art. 9, Org-VoeB) is in charge of procuring garment for the Civilian Service.

The following example shows the relevant selection criteria, technical specifications, and award criteria regarding sustainability aspects in a call for tender for T-shirts for the Civilian Service. The texts are extracts of the call for tender.

Selection criteria (Art. 9 BoeB)

Selection criteria Formality Proof

Company portrait with organizational chart, legal form, size, number of employed persons, market position. This documentation has also to be compiled for the important subcontractors according to section 1.4 of the supplier self- declaration (Supplement 1, Appendix 1).

Completion of Supplier self-declaration, with legal signature

35 https://sdg-tracker.org/sustainable-consumption-production

https://sdg-tracker.org/sustainable-consumption-production


26

The production chain must be traceable for all materials used. The 8 core conventions of the International Labor Organization (ILO), the minimum wage, if regulated by law, as well as the occupational health and safety regulations valid at the place of performance are, for services abroad, strictly to be complied with.

The bidder / manufacturer accepts that, on request of the contracting entity, an independent audit institute, (commissioned by the contracting entity) may audit his company or his partner companies along the supply chain. The audit should in particular secure compliance with the ILO Core Conventions and compliance with local occupational safety and health regulations according to the suppliers self-declaration. The bidder confirms in writing, taking note that if not complying with one or more of the ILO Core Conventions and one or more occupational safety and health regulations respectively, the offer will be excluded from the competition.

Yes No

with legal signature

Confirmation from the supplier that he and his important sub-suppliers according to section 1.4 of the supplier self-declaration (Attachment 1, Appendix 1) comply with minimum wages applicable in the country of production.

Fill in supplier self-declaration, with legal signature

Compliance with national legislation (site of production) for all areas of environmental protection (air, water, etc.) at all process steps of the supplier as well as his important sub-suppliers according to section 1.4 of the supplier self-declaration

Fill in supplier self-declaration, with legal signature

Confirmation of the supplier, to provide for the cotton articles the GOTS certificate of compliance when submitting the bid.

Yes No


Confirmation of the supplier, to deliver to armasuisse the GOTS transaction certificate for cotton articles at the time of delivery or before storage of these articles.

Yes No


Technical Specifications (Art. 12 BoeB and Art. 16a VoeB)


27

1 Introduction

The present article is part of a clothing assortment and has the following advantages:

Homogeneous appearance / corporate identity This article must comply with the GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard36) standard Functional clothing Good fit Pleasant, durable quality in material and design Good care properties

The second bullet point of the introduction means that the compliance of the T-shirt with GOTS is mandatory. Additional aspects regarding sustainability are “durable material quality” as well as “good care properties”.

3 Requirements for the textile surface

3.1 Data for knitted fabric

- Material: 100% Cotton - Knitting Bonding: Single Jersey - Weight: 160 - 180g/mÇ - Colors: Brilliant blue / Pantone 18-4247 TP, Bitter Chocolate / Pantone 19-1317 TP

So according to the GOTS standard the T-shirt for Civilian service contains at least 70% organic cotton.

Article 6.10 of the tender document tells the bidder how he has to provide evidence that his offer complies with the requirements of GOTS.

6.10 GOTS

36 https://www.global-standard.org/the-standard.html (E)

https://www.global-standard.org/the-standard.html


28

- Complies with article R-SJ 165 of company REMEI AG, CH 6343 Rotkreuz37 or similar, however, with GOTS - This has to be proved by a certificate of compliance.

There is also a requirement regarding the labelling of the T-Shirt (6.10.1). In order to be in a position to label the T-shirt, the supplier has to apply for a license to label the fabric with the GOTS label.

6.10.1 GOTS-Labelling

GOTS-Labelling according to “Licensing and Labelling Guide“ 38 (actual version)

Award Criteria (Art. 21 BoeB; Art. 27 VoeB)

As the technical specifications are already detailed regarding quality and sustainability requirements there is only one award criterion: price.

4.1.1.2 Shirts and Blouses for different entities of the Swiss Confederation

Armasuisse, as the central procurement agency for textiles had to buy shirts and blouses for different entities of the Swiss Confederation. armasuisse decided to buy the fabric for the shirts and blouses (blended fabric, 50/50 cotton/polyester PES in the colors light gray and olive and 100% cotton fabric in color blue) and the confection of the shirts and blouses separately (two calls for tenders; restricted procedure, Art. 24 VoeB) with the precondition for the awarded supplier of the fabric (first call for tender) to work together with the awarded suppliers for the confection of the garments (second call for tender).

Extract of the Service description:

The supplier is authorized by armasuisse to produce tissue in several tranches (framework contract Art. 4, (2) VoeB) for the Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS), the Federal Customs Administration (FCA) and any other requisitioning entities of the Swiss Confederation and to deliver the tissue ex-works (EXW, Incoterms 201039) to one or more Confectionery factories commissioned by armasuisse.

The reason why there were two calls for tender is, that the requirements for the fabric were demanding, regarding sustainability aspects and it could not be ensured that the manufacturers of the garments could have met these requirements.

First call for tender: Fabrics for shirts and blouses

First step of the two-step procedure (prequalification and submission of tenders): Prequalification of the bidders.

37 http://www.remei.ch/en/about-us/ (E)

38 https://www.global-standard.org/licensing-and-labelling.html (E)

39 https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/incoterms-rules/incoterms-rules-2010/ (E)

http://www.remei.ch/en/about-us/

https://www.global-standard.org/licensing-and-labelling.html

https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/incoterms-rules/incoterms-rules-2010/


29

Selection criteria SC (Art. 9 BoeB) There were several mandatory selection criteria similar or equal to the ones described in the example above, T-shirts for civilian service. Additional there were weighted selection criteria. In total, the first step encompassed 16 mandatory selection criteria and six weighted selection criteria. The weighted selection criteria, regarding sustainability aspects were:

SC: "Processing of recycled PES " The supplier has experience in the processing of recycled PES. armasuisse reserves the right to verify the information. For this the provider grants the right of access for armasuisse. Proof with corresponding documents that substantiate the experience.

Selection criterion points Score bidder

Experience available 50

Experience not available 0

SC: "Sustainability Report" Information of the supplier, whether a sustainability report according to standard Global Reporting Initiative GRI40 or equivalent is available. Proof by means of a copy of the sustainability report.

Selection criterion points Score bidder

Sustainability report available 10

Sustainability report not available 0

The three bidders with the highest total scores were selected for the second step, submission of tenders.

Second step of the two-step procedure (prequalification and submission of tenders): Submission of tenders.

Technical specifications (Art. 12 BoeB; Art. 16a VoeB) – mandatory ecological requirements

- Dyes and textile auxiliaries approved by Bluesign41 are used; - Chemical management system available; - Person Responsible for chemicals available (manages chemicals and acts as contact person); - Chemicals with Material Safety Data Sheets according to GHS-regulations42; - Knowledge of legal requirements and lists of chemicals available; - Classification of chemicals according to specific hazards and risk assessment for identified critical chemical; - The limit values of the substances listed in the Oeko-Tex 100 "Limits" list are complied with

40 https://www.globalreporting.org/Pages/default.aspx

41 https://www.bluesign.com (E)

42 https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/chemicals/info-specialists/international-affairs--chemicals/ghs---globally-harmonized-system-for-the-classification-and-labe.html (E)

https://www.globalreporting.org/Pages/default.aspx

https://www.bluesign.com/

https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/chemicals/info-specialists/international-affairs--chemicals/ghs---globally-harmonized-system-for-the-classification-and-labe.html

https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/chemicals/info-specialists/international-affairs--chemicals/ghs---globally-harmonized-system-for-the-classification-and-labe.html


30

- No use of carrier dyeing polyester; - Bleaching does not use chlorine containing bleaches.

Award criteria AC (Art. 21 BoeB; Art. 27 VoeB)

There are eight (quality) award criteria and one criterion price. Maximal Possible points for these 9 criteria are 720 (100%).

AC 1: The first award criterion is in form of a questionnaire on “Used methods and techniques”. Some questions are based on the document “Integrated prevention and reduction of environmental pollution - Reference document on the best available techniques in the textile industry”43. Max. 58 points

AC 2: Information of the supplier about fresh water consumption per running meter of textile in dyeing and finishing processes. Measured in liters. Max. 75 points

AC 3: Information of the supplier, which delivery quantity (running meter) in express orders (in 8 weeks, Place Ramp Bern, airfreight excluded) can be delivered. Max. 50 points

AC 4: Information of the supplier about the obligatory training and education effort according to the training plan, per new employee, within the first year of employment. Measured in hours on the core process “equipment”. Max. 100 points

AC 5: Weaving: Information of the supplier about total training for the purpose of knowledge preservation and further education per employee per year. (E.g. first aid, behavior in case of fire, training on equipment and machinery, handling chemicals, etc.). Max. 50 points

AC 6: Finishing: Information of the supplier about total training for the purpose of knowledge preservation and further education per employee per year. (E.g. first aid, behavior in case of fire, training on equipment and machinery, handling chemicals, etc.). Max. 50 points

AC 7: Specification of the supplier, whether representative regulation with employees on the core process “weaving” is available. Max. 25 points

AC 8: Specification of the supplier, whether representative regulation with employees on the core process “finishing” is available. Max. 25 points

Total possible score for AC 1 – AC 8 is 433 points or 60,15%.

If a supplier’s offer doesn’t reach a minimum score of 180 points for AC 1 – AC 8, he will not be considered for the further evaluation.

AC 9: Price The award criterion price has a total score of 287 points or 39,85%.

43 http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/419/dokumente/bvt_textilindustrie_vv.pdf (G)

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/419/dokumente/bvt_textilindustrie_vv.pdf


31

4.1.2 Federal Office of Buildings and Logistics BBL

BBL, one of the four central procurement agencies is responsible, amongst others, for the procurement of office supplies including paper and IT- consumables for the whole Federal administration. It offers a range of papers for various uses to the different Federal agencies.

Corporate Design of the Swiss Confederation

The unified visual identity should strengthen the common identity of the Federal administration, promote confidence in the state and contribute to the credibility and security of public services. The CD Confederation is valid for the Federal Council, the Federal Chancellery, the departments, the federal offices and all administrative units of the first and second district.

Within the program RUMBA (cf. 3.2) an environmental problem could be identified with the requirements of the CD Confederation. It stipulates that the Swiss cross has to be printed in a full white color, which means, if printing the logo on a 100% recycled, non-bleached paper (greyish color), the surface of the paper where the logo has to be printed on, has first to be highlighted in white. As this is a procedure that doesn’t make much sense from an ecological as well as economical point of view, a white recycled paper was evaluated instead.

The paper use statistics of RUMBA allowed to estimate if the use of recycled, bleached paper would rise the environmental impact compared to the use of non-bleached RC-paper. To answer this question FOEN commissioned an LCA that showed the environmental impact of different papers. The findings of the LCA resulted in a RUMBA recommendation for paper use.

RUMBA Recommendation for paper use44

For all documents without a representative function (copies, general correspondence, forms, invoices, press releases, printed matter, voting documents) the "grey" 100% recycled paper (whiteness CIE45 80) shall be used. This also applies to colored prints.

44 https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/papier.html (G, F, I)

45 https://www.iso.org/standard/63614.html (E)

https://www.rumba.admin.ch/rumba/de/home/themen/papier.html

https://www.iso.org/standard/63614.html


32

For all documents with a representative function (high-level correspondence, contracts, etc.), the white 100% recycled paper (whiteness CIE 145) should be used.

Exception: If a 1-paper strategy is used in administrative units in order to simplify logistics and handling, the white (CIE 145) 100% recycled paper is recommended.

Extract from the RUMBA recommendation:

Kind of paper

Paper products Application and environmental impact Env. Climate Price

R Copy paper, 100% recycled grey, av. whiteness (80 CIE), Format A4 / A3, 80 g/m2

Standard paper for all multifunction devices, copiers, laser and inkjet printers, archivable. Recommended for all applications, except for representative documents. Lowest environmental impact and price as well as low climate load.

100% 100% 100%

R Copy paper, 100% recycled white, high whiteness (145 CIE), Format A4 / A3, 80 g/m2

Standard paper for all multifunction devices, copier, laser and inkjet printer, archivable. Recommended for representative documents. Deep environmental impact and lowest climate impact; average price.

163% 71% 120%

A Copy paper white, sandwich paper with 30% recycled content in interlayer, high whiteness (161 CIE), Format A4 / A3, 80 g/m2

Paper for all multifunction devices, copiers, laser and inkjet printer, archivable. Restrained use of this paper, as higher environmental impact, greenhouse gas emissions as the recycled papers; average price.

399% 235% 123%

Legend:

R Recycled papers made from 100% recycled paper. Aging resistance: Standard DIN 673846 and the white recycled paper meets also the harder ISO standard 970647.

46 https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/npa/standards/wdc-beuth:din21:95567603?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage (E, G)

47 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9706:ed-1:v1:en (E)

https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/npa/standards/wdc-beuth:din21:95567603?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage

https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/npa/standards/wdc-beuth:din21:95567603?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage

https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9706:ed-1:v1:en


33

A Papers with high fresh fiber content, bleached without chlorine. Aging resistance: ISO 9706. For high white paper, all figures are based on 100 g/m2.

Env. Environmental impact points (UBP) in % relative to the grey 100% recycled paper per sheet. Considered is the environmental impact of forest use on paper production to paper disposal. For white paper, the value refers to 100 g/m2. UBPs are based on the FOEN definition of, 201348.

Climate Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 equivalents) in% relative to grey 100% recycled paper per sheet. Same system limit as for the environmental impact.

Price Price of the papers in % based on the grey 100% recycled paper per sheet. For high white paper the value refers to 100 g/m2.

4.1.2.1 Copy paper for multi-functional devices (open procedure Art. 14 BoeB)

As it is foreseen in the law, public contracts have to be renewed regularly. The BBL publishes a call for tender for copy paper every four to five years.

The following texts (selection criteria, technical specifications and award criteria) are extracts from the actual call for tender.

In chapter “Starting position and description of the subject matter of the contract” of the tender document the BBL writes:

“The consideration of environmental aspects in all activities, products (including the present call for tenders) and services in the Federal Administration is an important concern of the BBL in order to avoid or reduce

environmental pollution in the long term (cf. RUMBA).”

The call for tender comprises five different lots for different papers. A supplier can bid for one or several or all five lots.


The selection criteria are identical for all five lots.

Selection criteria Means of proof Self-declaration of the bidder

Ensuring quality. The supplier hereby confirms that all products are delivered in the same quality as during the entire contract period.

Written confirmation with the legally valid signature of Annex 1 “Bidder information”.

☐ Yes, the supplier confirms that during the entire contract period all products are delivered in the same quality as in the sampling.

48 https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/de/home/themen/wirtschaft-konsum/dossiers/der-umweltbelastungspunkt.html (G, F)

https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/de/home/themen/wirtschaft-konsum/dossiers/der-umweltbelastungspunkt.html


34

☐ No, the provider confirms that he does not accept the guarantee of quality.

Samples for testing the quality. Willingness, upon request of the client, to deliver for each lot samples free of charge within 20 working days of receipt of the request. Quantity per lot: 5'000 sheets ripped in original packaging.

Written confirmation with the legally valid signature of Annex 1 “Bidder information”.

☐ Yes, the supplier confirms his readiness to deliver, for a period of 20 working days from receipt of the request for each article, the requested quantity of samples free of charge for quality control.

☐ No, the supplier confirms that he does not accept the free delivery of samples

Quality Management System Proof that the paper manufacturer has an established and regularly reviewed internal quality management system or a quality management system in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard49 or equivalent.

Written confirmation with the legally binding signing of Annex 1 "Bidder information" as well as a supplement the certificate valid at the time of the offer or the equivalent documentation.

☐ Yes, the supplier confirms supply the certificate (ISO 9001) or proof of equivalent documentation.

☐ No, the supplier confirms that he does not accept the supply of the certificate (ISO 9001) or proof of equivalent documentation.

Environmental Management System EMS Proof that the paper manufacturer has an established and regularly verified internal EMS or an EMS conforming to the ISO 1400150 standard or equivalent.

Written confirmation with the legally binding signing of Annex 1 "Bidder information" as well as a supplement, the certificate valid at the time of the offer or the equivalent documentation.

☐ Yes, the supplier confirms the supplement of the certificate (ISO 14001) or proof of equivalent documentation.

☐ No, the supplier confirms that he does not accept the supplement to the certificate (ISO 14001) or proof of equivalent documentation.

Lot 1: Copy paper white

Technical specifications (Art. 12 BoeB)

Technical specification (TS) Means of proof Self-declaration of the bidder

49 https://www.iso.org/iso-9001-quality-management.html (E)

50 https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=14001 (E)

https://www.iso.org/iso-9001-quality-management.html

https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=14001


35

Label for Format DIN51 A4, A3 FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) or equivalent

Written confirmation of the fulfillment of the TS as well as the current FSC certificate or the equivalent documentation.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Chlorine-free for format A4 A3 BB: TCF (Totally Chlorine Free) or equivalent - only applies to virgin fiber content for mixed papers (virgin fiber and recycled paper)

Written confirmation of the fulfillment of the TS as well as the current certificate (data sheet) or the equivalent documentation.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

CIE whiteness for format A4, A3: 161% ± 3.0 according to ISO 11475 or equivalent

Written confirmation of the fulfillment of the TS as well as the current data sheet or the equivalent documentation.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Requirements for copy paper for duplicating / printing with dry toner for format A4, A3t: according to EN 1228152 or equivalent


☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Resistance to aging for Format A4, A3: according to ISO 970653 or equivalent


☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

EURO pallet: The EURO pallet made of natural wood must comply with the dimensions length: 1'200 mm x width: 800 mm x height: 144 mm as well as the standard EPAL54 or equivalent (exchange pallets).

Written confirmation of the fulfillment of the TS as well as a photo of the EURO pallet according to the EPAL standard or the equivalent.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Return / exchange of EURO pallets: The EURO pallet according to the EPAL standard must be exchanged between supplier and company XXX. E.g.: supplier will supply the BBL/cooperation partners with 10 EURO pallets of office paper and receive 10 empty (without merchandise) EURO pallets in exchange from the XXX/cooperation partner. The exchange of EURO pallets is for the company XXX and their cooperation partners without cost,

Written confirmation fulfillment TS “Return / replacement of EURO pallets”

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

51 https://www.din.de/en(E, G)

52 https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/npa/wdc-beuth:din21:52206392?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage (E,G) (comment from the author: This norm includes also paper pass and stowage criteria)

53 https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/nid/wdc-beuth:din21:120682972?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage (E, G)

54 https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-euro-pallet/ (E)

https://www.din.de/en(E

https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/npa/wdc-beuth:din21:52206392?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage

https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/nid/wdc-beuth:din21:120682972?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage

https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/nid/wdc-beuth:din21:120682972?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage

https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-euro-pallet/


36

Company XXX may not be charged for EURO pallets nor for the exchange of them.

Award Criteria (Art. 21 BoeB)

There are 10 award criteria. The total score is 3’950 points (100%). The extract of the award criteria listed below regard environmental aspects and quality, which is also a sustainabiliy aspect.

Award Criteria (AC) Taxonomy applied Self-declaration of the bidder

Documentation/ proof by the supplier

Points / Weighting

EU Ecolabel. The paper manufacturer has an EU Ecolabel according to the European standard (which meets the high environmental requirements of paper production) or equivalent proof. The provider has to prove the equivalence.

The full score will be awarded if the required certificate or equivalent is available. No score will be awarded if the required certificate or equivalent is missing / expired or equivalency cannot be proven.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Proof: Valid certificate or equivalent from the paper manufacturer at the time of the offer.

75

1.91%

Nordic Ecolabel. The paper manufacturer has a Nordic Ecolabel according to the European standard (which meets the high environmental requirements of paper production) or equivalent proof. The provider has to prove the equivalence.

The full score will be awarded if the required certificate or equivalent is available. No score will be awarded if the required certificate or equivalent is missing / expired or equivalency cannot be proven.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not

fulfilled

Proof: Valid certificate or equivalent from the paper manufacturer at the time of the offer.

75

1.91%

Recycled content The paper has a recycled content of at least 29%.

The percentage of recycled material must be verified on the basis of a current paper profile or equivalent.

The full score will be awarded if the required, current paper profiles or equivalent are available No score will be awarded if the required paper profile is missing / expired or equivalency cannot be proven.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Proof: Valid paper profile or equivalent from the bidder at the time of the offer.

300

7.59%

Runability Copy / Print Simplex Ripple after copying and printing; Diagonal delay of the paper after copying and printing;

The full score will be awarded if the running characteristics «Copy / Print Simplex» fully meet the requirements and the following

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Proof: The tests are carried out and evaluated by the customer.

400

10.13%


37

Flatness of the paper after copying and printing; Machine stopper due to the paper when copying and printing.

defects cannot be determined: Waves on the paper; Diagonal distortion on the paper; Paper is not flat after the output; Machine stoppers. No score will be awarded if the paper contains any of the above defects when copying / printing Simplex.

Runability Copy / Print Duplex Ripple after copying and printing; Diagonal delay of the paper after copying and printing; Flatness of the paper after copying and printing; Machine stopper due to the paper when copying and printing.

The full score will be awarded if the running characteristics «Copy / Print Simplex» fully meet the requirements and the following defects cannot be determined: Waves on the paper; Diagonal distortion on the paper; Paper is not flat after the output: Machine stoppers. No score will be awarded if the paper contains any of the above defects when copying / printing Duplex.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled


400

10.13%

Runability Good toner and ink adhesion to paper in simplex and duplex printing. The printed paper is folded once for testing. The test is in the fold with the so called "Fingernail test" performed. The printed ink/toner must not tear and not peel off.

The full score is awarded if the "toner and ink adhesion" running characteristics fully meet the requirements: The printed ink/toner does not tear or peel off the paper. No score will be awarded if the paper shows defects in the printed matter (tear/ peel off) due to "toner and ink adhesion".

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled


300

7.59%


38

Folding The paper must be able to be folded from A4 size to A5 size without breaking. There must be no breaking points / cracks in the fold.

Inserting The paper must be able to be enveloped after simplex/duplex printing, it can be enveloped. No paper-side "machine stoppers" may occur due to the preprinted paper, when the sheet is inserted into the envelope by machine.

Folding The full score is awarded if the paper does not break during folding and after folding, the paper has no breaking points/cracks in the fold No score will be awarded if the paper shows defects (crushing /cracking) during folding.

Inserting When inserting, the pre-processed paper it must not cause paper-related "machine stoppers". No score will be awarded if paper-based "machine stoppers" occur as a result of the insertion of the folded paper into the envelope by machine.

☐ fulfilled

☐ not fulfilled

Proof: The customer checks this AC by means of running test: Duplex printing, on-line processing on folding machine and inserting machine.

A log is kept.

700

17.72%

Price according to the evaluation of prices and costs in para. 6.2.2 of the specification.

Filling in the price sheet in Annex 2

1’400

35.42%

For lot 2, the technical specifications and award criteria are similar.

Please note that for the procurement of multifunctional devices (MFD) one of several environmental requirements is, that the supplier of the MFD guarantees that the device is able to process 100% recycled paper!


39

4.1.3 Swiss Post – “Post Company Cars Ltd”55

4.1.3.1 Electric scooters DXP – Procurement of Innovation/ Strategic procurement

The project E-scooters of the “Post Company Cars”, a subsidiary of Swiss Post, started in 2008. Swiss Post had the vision of an emission free mail delivery and to reduce its annual CO2 emissions by 15’000 tons/y by the end of 2013. Swiss Post was and still is open to test new technologies. They were searching for an alternative solution for the petrol scooters for the “last mile delivery”.

In 2008 the company Kyburz56 already had electric scooters for the private market. Swiss Post decided to test these three-wheeled E-scooters for mail delivery in the mail-delivery district Ostermundigen, a suburb of Bern. An important milestone that led to the procurement of the electric scooters was also the test in Grindelwald (a place in the Bernese Oberland, 1034 m a.s.l.), where three wheel electric scooters were tested during one winter. When the test was over the postmen didn't want to return them. The advantages of a three-wheel vehicle were immediately obvious

Advantages of the DXP

The advantages lye in the three wheels and in the automatic parking brake. Through the constant "jacking up" of the two-wheeled petrol scooters during delivery, the stands were repeatedly damaged. Additionally, this was exhausting for the postmen. Besides that, the postmen with their two-wheeled motorbikes and heavy trailers were often in danger on slippery roads during winter time.

Truly sustainable solution

To have a truly sustainable solution for the E-scooters, Swiss Post buys wind power from the Swiss Jura57 to run the fleet.

Energy Efficiency

Electric scooters are six times more efficient when comparing the energy use of a petrol scooter with an electric scooter.

Costs / Economic efficiency

The initial costs for the electric scooters (about 15’000 CHF) are higher than for petrol scooters. Regarding overall costs over the whole life-cycle, it shows that the electric scooter is more economical because maintenance costs of electric scooters are significantly lower than the ones of petrol scooters.

55 https://postcompanycars.post.ch/en?shortcut=companycars-de (E, G, F, I)

56 https://kyburz-switzerland.ch/en/delivery_vehicles/dxp5 (E)

57 http://www.juvent.ch/übersicht.html (G,F)

https://postcompanycars.post.ch/en?shortcut=companycars-de

https://kyburz-switzerland.ch/en/delivery_vehicles/dxp5

http://www.juvent.ch/übersicht.html


40

Comparing the costs of renewable energy and petrol, savings of factor 3 result in the electric technology.

DXP saves time and generates profit for the postal service

The figure below illustrates the time savings in the process of “last mile” post delivery.

With the use of DXP-scooters for urban mail delivery a postman saves approximately 160 hours per year or 8 seconds at each stop.

Continuous improvement of the DXP

Kyburz has developed the three-wheeled vehicle in collaboration with Swiss Post for years (from DXP to DXP5), taking also into account the feedback from the postmen. Convincing facts of the new E-scooter DXP5 are the bigger loading capacity that allows longer routes, the increased efficiency, the power of the vehicles and the low noise.

Development: from DXP (left) to DXP5 (right)

Strategic Procurement – Innovative Procurement


41

Electric scooter DXP for the postal service, developed by Swiss Post with the Swiss SME Kyburz, gave also support for the Cleantech Strategy (Master Plan Cleantech58) of the Federal Council.

Extract of the Master Plan Cleantech Brochure:

“Make active use of opportunities in procurement within the Federal administration and in the cantons by purchasing environmentally friendly and energy-efficient products in order to promote innovative, low-resource technologies.”

Conclusion

The E-mobility with the DXP-scooter has proven to be beneficial for the Swiss Post (long-term sustainable investment)

E-scooters are a good alternative mode of transport in cities and urban areas.

E-scooters help to reduce costs, energy use, accidents, noise and help to save time.

Former service scooters for private use - DXP scooters available at the used vehicle center of Post Company Cars

Upon expiry of their contractual term (about seven years in service for Swiss Post), the three-wheelers are removed from postal delivery service. The scooters are prepared for sale at the Post Company Cars Used Vehicle Center in Berne59. The used DXP-scooters are sold (about 4’000 CHF) to both private individuals and companies and are available in a variety of colors.

A second lease of life for Swiss Post scooter batteries – Pilot project

The first DXP vehicles have reached the end of their life. After approximately seven years, their batteries have a storage capacity of almost 80 percent – not enough to continue using them in mail delivery. But the batteries can still be used for other purposes. The storage capacity of 80% is more than enough for use in a stationary energy storage unit for solar electricity. To make the optimum usage of the remaining capacity of Swiss Post’s old scooter batteries, a pilot project has been set up in spring 2017. The batteries that have reached the end of their service life in DPX scooters are installed in the Swiss Post building beside Neuchâtel railway station in a stationary energy storage unit. This stores the power generated by solar cells installed on the roof of the building, which has been completely renovated with energy efficiency in mind. The electricity is used to power the post office itself and for recharging the Swiss Post scooter batteries.

58 http://www.bfe.admin.ch/forschunginnovation/index.html?lang=en (E)

59 https://www.post.ch/en/companycars/post-company-cars-ltd/useful-information/sustainable-mobility/swiss-post-occasion-electric-delivery-scooter (E)

http://www.bfe.admin.ch/forschunginnovation/index.html?lang=en

https://www.post.ch/en/companycars/post-company-cars-ltd/useful-information/sustainable-mobility/swiss-post-occasion-electric-delivery-scooter

https://www.post.ch/en/companycars/post-company-cars-ltd/useful-information/sustainable-mobility/swiss-post-occasion-electric-delivery-scooter


42

“At a second pilot storage scheme at the Umwelt Arena Schweiz60 in Spreitenbach, the entire project is presented as part of an exhibition covering topics such as the Swiss Post scooter available for test drives on the indoor course, the production of solar electricity, and the energy storage unit from discarded Swiss Post scooter batteries as an aspect of building technology.” (Source61).

60 http://www.umweltarena.ch (G)

61 https://www.post.ch/en/about-us/company/responsibility/a-second-lease-of-life-for-swiss-post-scooter-batteries (E)

http://www.umweltarena.ch/

https://www.post.ch/en/about-us/company/responsibility/a-second-lease-of-life-for-swiss-post-scooter-batteries


43

4.1.4 City of Bern

4.1.4.1 Standard furniture for basic level and kindergarten – Open procedure 62 63 64 (2018)

The call for tender for standard furniture consisted of three documents: - Text for the official publication of the tender on simap65. - Tender document - Type catalogue - price sheet

Tender document

The tender document describes, amongst others, the subject matter of the contract, general requirements regarding the furniture, selection criteria, warranty requirements and award criteria. The city of Bern was looking for tables (square, semicircular, round), chairs, stools, seat boxes with lid and storage space, benches and corpus.

The following texts are extracts from the tender document concerning strategic, environmental and quality aspects.

Starting position and objective

Today's kindergarten and basic stage furniture in urban schools is an inconsistent mix of several makes, models and systems from different manufacturers With the introduction of a standard furniture for the city of Bern and, if necessary, other public administrations and non-profit organizations, the procurement processes and the cost of ownership will be reduced.

Ecology

The city of Bern wants to build on its previous pioneering role in matters of environmental protection and sustainable development. The products are therefore subject to extensive requirements with regard to ecology and emission characteristics.

Description of the subject matter of the contract:

There is only one single lot for the procurement of the different furniture. Tables, chairs, benches and shelves are made of beech natural solid wood, joints of the tables are glued, joints of the chairs without visible screws. All corpus have solid wood strips and are covered with real wooden veneer.

62 https://www.bern.ch/wirtschaft/beschaffung/gesetzesgrundlagen-fur-das-offentliche (G)

63 https://www.belex.sites.be.ch/frontend/versions/930 (G, F)

64 https://www.belex.sites.be.ch/frontend/versions/934 (G, F)

65 https://www.simap.ch/shabforms/COMMON/application/applicationGrid.jsp (E, G, F, I)

https://www.bern.ch/wirtschaft/beschaffung/gesetzesgrundlagen-fur-das-offentliche

https://www.belex.sites.be.ch/frontend/versions/930

https://www.belex.sites.be.ch/frontend/versions/934

https://www.simap.ch/shabforms/COMMON/application/applicationGrid.jsp


44

Warranty and service

The guarantee (full warranty except wear parts such as gliders) on newly delivered furniture is 10 years from date of delivery. Damage not related to excessive use or improper handling has to be replaced for free during 10 years. The costs of replacement, disassembly, transport and installation are at the expense of the supplier. The replacement warranty for spare parts is 10 years after the end of the framework contract. (Duration of the framework contract: 8 years)

Sampling

All in the type catalog price sheet orange marked positions have to be made available on time for sampling on x.y.zzzz.

Selection criteria

The different pieces of furniture must be from the same family and accordingly be coordinated. (wood species, chamfers, curves, etc.)

- Wood origin: FSC (or equivalent)

- Varnish, proof or confirmation of the use of water-soluble varnish

- Chipboard : Verification (FSC or equivalent) with a 100% share for the wood used. Gluing: Proof, free of formaldehyde or low in emissions according to list Lignum66, Blue Angel67, natuerplus68 or comparable.

Award criteria

- Price 60% - Quality (Sampling) 40%

Each criterion is rated with max. 5 points. The contract will be awarded to the offer with the highest score.

The lowest offered price gets 5 points. Per 1% additional costs 0.1 points will be deducted (linear valuation). The points for the price may be negative.

Rating of the product quality: excellent = 5 points good to very good = 4 points enough = 3 points

66 https://www.lignum.ch/holz_a_z/raumluftqualitaet/ (G)

67 https://www.blauer-engel.de/en/products/home-living/moebel-und-lattenroste-aus-holz/furniture (E, G)

68 https://www.natureplus.org/index.php?id=39&L=0&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=6&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=6b9be618678c27b8a6c8284c5c514c67 (G)

https://www.lignum.ch/holz_a_z/raumluftqualitaet/

https://www.blauer-engel.de/en/products/home-living/moebel-und-lattenroste-aus-holz/furniture

https://www.natureplus.org/index.php?id=39&L=0&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=6&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=6b9be618678c27b8a6c8284c5c514c67

https://www.natureplus.org/index.php?id=39&L=0&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=6&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=6b9be618678c27b8a6c8284c5c514c67


45

insufficient = 2 points useless = 1 point no information = 0 points

Type catalogue - price sheet

Extract of the type catalogue- price sheet describing the technical specifications for semicircular tables:

Table beech wood untreated, tabletop in ARGOLITE69, with plastic- or felt glides.

The following minimum requirements must be adhered to: Solid beech frame with tenon or dowel connection. not screwed, solid construction; With subsequently replaceable glides (felt, plastic); Tabletop: available in all ARGOLITE colors without surcharge; dd-nature water-based varnish.

The connections must be presented or documented with the sampling.

Price: The price has to be filled in the type catalogue - price sheet.

Additionally to the price the bidder has also to fill in the hourly rate for maintenance and repair

Hourly rate for maintenance and repairs:

69 https://www.argolite.ch/warum-hpl (G, F)

https://www.argolite.ch/warum-hpl


46

Hourly rate per man-hour Travel expenses for the region of Bern

4.1.4.2 Standard school furniture for the urban elementary schools of the city of Bern – Open procedure (2015)

The call for tender for standard school furniture consisted of four documents: - Text for the official publication of the tender on simap70. - Tender document - Type catalogue - price sheet - Ecological requirements for all school furniture

Tender document

The tender document describes, amongst others, the subject matter of the contract, general requirements regarding the furniture, selection criteria, warranty requirements, award criteria.

The following texts are extracts from the tender document concerning strategic, environmental and quality aspects.

Subject matter and scope of the contract

Procurement: The procurement takes place in 2 lots:

Lot 1: desks, tables Lot 2: chairs, stools

These are listed in detail in the enclosed type catalog - price sheet. The product price must be entered in the corresponding price field. No partial offers will be accepted within the lots.

Starting position and objective (cf. 4.1.4.1)

Ecology (cf. 4.1.4.1)

Warranty and service (cf. 4.1.1.1)

Selection criteria (for both lots)

- Written confirmation for a warranty period of 10 year;

70 https://www.simap.ch/shabforms/COMMON/application/applicationGrid.jsp (E, G, F, I)

https://www.simap.ch/shabforms/COMMON/application/applicationGrid.jsp


47

. Written confirmation of a replacement warranty for spare parts 10 years after framework contract end;

- Ecological sustainability: compliance with mandatory requirements of the “catalog of requirements for sustainable ecological furniture city of Bern“.

Award criteria

- Price 45% - Product quality (Sampling) 50% - Sustainability according to the supplement sheet: 5% (supplement sheet: Catalog of ecological requirements for the entire school furniture)

Rating (cf. 4.1.4.1)

Ecological requirements for school furniture

The ecological requirements are divided in six sections and cover different issues:

a Materials in general, including coatings b Origin of wood c Metal components d Plastic Components e Textiles f Disposal

General requirement: The ChemRRV71 or the analogous European legislation must be complied with.

The ecological requirements for school furniture are shown translated below. On the right hand side the means of proof are mentioned.

Legend:

71 https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/20021520/index.html (E, G, F, I)

https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/20021520/index.html


48

M Must-Criterion: Mandatory. If not fulfilled, the provider can no longer be considered. K optional criterion: The offered solution is rated higher if it meets the requirements. These criteria are rated 0-5 points.

a Materials in general (coating included):

1 Exclusion of flame retardants based on bromine according to ChemRRV Annex 1.9 2 Exclusion of products containing organic halogens according to ChemRRV Annex 1.1 3 Exclusion of products containing substances that are carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic for reproduction according to ChemRRV Annex 1.10 4 Formaldehyde max. 0.1 ppm (emission class E172) 5 Proven formaldehyde emissions below 0.1 ppm are additionally rated. The lower the value, the higher the rating. 6 Varnish may not contain more than 0.01% by mass of cadmium, lead or mercury in accordance with ChemRRV Annex 2.8 7 Use of solvent-free paint

72 https://www.krono-original.com/de-ch/e1-klassifizierung (G)

https://www.krono-original.com/de-ch/e1-klassifizierung


49

b Origin of wood

8 Solid wood parts, glue wood, and wood used for plywood or multiplex production stem from sustainable forestry. No tropical wood (Mandatory for “ancient forest friendly communities”73) 9 Only untreated wood or residual wood in MDF (medium density fiber board) and chipboard. 10 MDF and chipboard: Declaration of origin of wood. Forestry Timber Central Europe, FSC Central Europe

c Metal components

11 Metal parts must not contain cadmium according to ChemRRV appendix 2.16 12 Aluminum: recycled percentage in percent by weight. The higher the proportion, the higher the rating. 13 Steel or other metal: recycled percentage in percent by weight. The higher the proportion, the higher the rating.

73 https://www.bmf.ch/upload/tongtana/pdf/tt_0604_d.pdf (G)

https://www.bmf.ch/upload/tongtana/pdf/tt_0604_d.pdf


50

d Plastic components

14 Plastic parts may content max. 0.1 mass% PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in accordance with ChemRRV Annex 1.9 15 Polyurethane foams must not contain ozone-depleting substances, anilines or alkylphenols according to ChemRRV Annex 1.4, 1.5, 1.9 16 Recycling percentage in percent by weight. The higher the proportion, the higher the rating.

e Textiles

17 Breathable and abrasion resistant 18 Low emissions: no azo dyes, no flame retardants, no heavy metal-based dyes

f Disposal

19 Easy separation of materials at the end of the use phase

Self-declaration by the supplier. Are the criteria fulfilled? (Yes/No)

The supplier has to indicate the type of proof (name label or other comparable test reports or data sheets with the label)


51

4.2 Procurement of Services

4.2.1 Municipality of Münsingen

The Municipality of Münsingen has a Public Procurement directive. As an Energy City one article of the directive deals with environmental aspects in procurement. This is important for the achievement of the label EnergyCity (Point 5.2.3 of the catalogue Energy City).

Directive for public procurement 2014

Ecology, Environmental Protection

Art. 21 The municipality of Münsingen is in possession of the label "EnergyCity"74 and tries to act as a role model in environmental matters. The two themes, ecology and environmental protection, should be duly taken into account in the special provisions of a tender document.

4.2.1.1 Procurement of disposal services

Every 7 to 10 years the municipality of Münsingen publishes a call for tender for disposal services. The last call took place in 2015. The tender for disposal services had an contract volume of CHF 600’000 per year.

Before publishing the call for tender, the municipality of Münsingen was well aware that not all ecological potentials for disposal services are exhausted through the selection of the service provider. During the last contract period, the disposal logistics were optimized together with the contractor.

Optimization of the route plan for example showed to be key. Not every cul-de-sac has to be serviced. This saves time and the truck has not to drive backwards, a dangerous maneuver.

Other identified possibilities for optimization were:

Change from a garbage collection twice a week to one once a week combined, with a collection of organic waste.

Change the collection of metals from a pick-up system a to a bring system.

Such decisions must be made politically and are normally not under the responsibility of the bidder.

Payloads

74 https://www.local-energy.swiss/programme/energiestadt#/ (E)

https://www.local-energy.swiss/programme/energiestadt#/


52

High payloads are especially important for long haul, e.g. from the collection point to the recycler or to the waste incineration plant. For these routes, which often last from 30 minutes to one hour, it makes sense to require a payload of ten tons or more. Also the emptying into a larger transport vehicle can be worthwhile.

After the logistics of the disposal service was clear, the call for tender was published.

Award criteria (Art. 30 OeBV)

One award criterion concerned the vehicles used for fulfilling the service. The quality of the vehicle fleet with regard to air hygiene (emission standard) was weighed by 20%.

Bidder variants

Additional optimizations can also be achieved with the admissibility of bidder variants. This possibility must be explicitly permitted in the call for tender. In the latest call for tender the municipality of Münsingen accepted bidder variants. A bidder variant was submitted in one subarea. It proposed that the paper supply for the waste paper collection in all apartment buildings should only be made in containers instead of individual deposition of waste paper bundles on the street. This would allow for the faster removal. The collection costs per ton would decrease and the municipality could save 20’000 CHF per year.

4.2.2 REAL75 (Recycling, Disposal, Wastewater, Lucerne)

4.2.2.1 Waste management and recycling – economic pooling

In 2010, REAL emerged from two municipal associations76 for wastewater treatment (GALU) and waste disposal (GKLU) in the Lucerne region, which have existed for more than 40 years. These two associations were set up to reduce the negative impact of wastewater and waste on water and the environment and to ensure environmentally sound, efficient recycling and disposal.

Guiding Principle of REAL

“We are the waste management and recycling company of the Lucerne Region, which, with one organization, assumes the overall responsibility for the management of municipal waste and wastewater as well as the generation of energy for all communities in the region.”

75 https://www.real-luzern.ch/ueber-real/ (G)

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In the Lucerne Region, 22 municipalities (cf. picture77 below) have been jointly organizing waste management since 2013 (REAL). This pooling allows amongst others to have more know-how and experience, negotiate better prices or conditions and reduce the effort of the individual municipality. As a result, the disposal costs were reduced by a total of 40 percent. At the same time, 47 percent less transport kilometers had to be driven than before regionalization in 2013.

The client pooling, e.g. in the form of a common waste disposal, brings not only in the collection but also in the sale of recyclables advantages. Because small amounts get besides the reimbursement of the Advanced Recycling Fee VEG78 (Fee, which is based on a legal basis and is levied on the sale of a product, like glass beverage bottles and batteries, at the purchase price, in order to cover the costs for the subsequent disposal) mostly no revenue, larger amounts, however, do.

REAL TESTS THE USE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Green innovations in waste management have been on the rise for quite some time. At the end of June 2018, an electric truck was in operation for three days in the REAL association area. The test run should show whether the use of electric vehicles in the REAL collection area - with long travel distances and

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height differences - makes sense. The tested e-truck called Futuricum79 was developed and manufactured in Switzerland. The e-truck is unsurpassed in terms of performance and range at the moment.

Advantages of the use of E-vehicles The use of electric vehicles could reduce the CO2 emissions in the REAL association area by approximately 1'000 tons per year. This corresponds to an annual reduction of over 80%. In conventional garbage logistics, trucks cause noise and pollutant emissions. A low-noise waste collection without local air emissions would meet with widespread expectations.

Currently, the trips with the e-truck are analyzed and evaluated. In the event of a positive result, REAL will also consider battery-powered and hydrogen-powered full-electric vehicles in addition to diesel and gas vehicles for the next round of garbage truck procurement in 2021.

4.2.3 Federal Office for the Environment FOEN

The Federal Office for the Environment is entitled to procure services (except IT-services).

4.2.3.1 Electronic data collection from accompanying and notification forms in transboundary waste transport ("VeVA80 consignment note")

“Social procurement”. The award of this service is made in accordance with Art. 3 (a) BoeB and is not subject to the Federal Act on Public Procurement (although the value of the contract for a full-time job is over the WTO-

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threshold, calculated for four years). Art.3 (a) BoeB says that BoeB will not apply when contracts are made with institutions for disabled people, with charities and penal institutions. The assignment is made in accordance with Art. 36 para. 2 lit. a VoeB awarded freehand.

Background of the procurement example

For the export and import of special waste and other waste subject to control, a permit is required (at the time of import) This needs approval from the FOEN.

The FOEN records this information in the veva-Online software. Some of the activities are the content of the specification of the contract.

The employee of FOEN who carried out the work regularly retired. The decision of FOEN was, instead of filling the job, to outsource most of the work.

Tender document

The tender document described the required service in great detail.

Key data of the tender:

• Workload: 1 full-time position • Number of notification forms to be registered. Import: approx. 200 pcs / year • Number of accompanying certificates to be recorded in the export: approx. 60'000 pieces / year • Number of accompanying certificates to be recorded in import: approx. 15'000 pcs / year • Total number of accompanying certificates to be recorded: approx. 75'000 pcs / year • Number of waste disposal records to be collected: approx. 10'000 pieces / year (only special waste), approx. 75'000 pieces / year (all) • Workload during the year: +/- even (no accumulations)

Selection criteria SC (Art. 9 BoeB)

There were different selection criteria. The two extracts show one selection criteria concerning the employees and one the used work equipment for fulfilling the contract.

SC 1: Qualifications of the employees (it was possible that three employees share the full-time job): Employees of the provider have practical knowledge in using PC software, e.g. Office and Internet applications.

SC 2: Used work equipment: The FOEN and the Federal administration in general endeavor to use environmentally and resource efficient products for the conduct of their administrative activities (cf. the RUMBA program), and the contracting authority therefore expects the contractor to provide ICT equipment (computer, printer, copier etc.) for the fulfillment of this contract which are either labeled Energy Star, Blue Angel, TCO or equivalent. The paper for printing the documents that have to be transmitted to FOEN has to be a 100% recycled paper.

Outsourcing of work


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For outsourced work, like the service described in this example or for cleaning services, it is important to ask the supplier to follow the same principles of sustainability as the contracting authority. Because this contract included the print out of a great amount of paper copies that have to be sent to FOEN, it was opportune to ask to use 100% recycled paper – as does the FOEN - for fulfilling this contract.

4.2.4 City of Geneva

Geneva wants to be a sustainable city. It works for sustainable development through several programs, policies and actions carried out by various departments of its administration. The Administrative Council of the City of Geneva is fully committed to a sustainable city and affirms in its roadmap for the 2015-2020 legislature: "Welcoming, innovative, committed and ecological, Geneva will respond to the challenges of the 21st century". This will is reflected in several sectoral policies and transversal actions, presented on the Geneva, sustainable city page.81 The topics covered are: institutional exemplarity and public procurement, the local economy and local jobs, innovation, sustainable food, and the reuse and sharing of objects.

The rules governing the award of public contracts are set out in the Intercantonal Agreement on Public Procurement (IVoeB, cf. chapter 2.5)

The following example shows how sustainable public procurement is implemented in the City of Geneva.

4.2.4.1 Concierge services (Invitation procedure (Art. 12 bbis IVoeB or single tender procedure)

Context:

The City of Geneva owns more than 300 residential buildings, divided into 5 organizational districts. It employs concierges for the maintenance of these buildings.

Need:

The City of Geneva looked for the provision of concierges for replacements of more than five days in case of diseases, holidays etc. The City of Geneva decided that they wanted to look for long-term unemployed people to fulfill a part of the contract (social procurement).

A Need Analysis showed that

• The number of hours for replacement required varies during the year • Some of the hours are predictable (basic needs like holidays), some are not (variable needs like accident, illness) • Basic training in cleaning of the replacement is requested

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Basic needs. The mentioned need analysis showed that the predictable hours correspond to three part-time jobs (70 % employment).

Required profile for the personnel (selection criteria): - Person registered at the General Hospice (welfare authority) as long-term unemployed - Prerequisites: the person has two years of experience in the field of cleaning and training in progress

"The deal" The City of Geneva offers: - a one year contract (70%) - a training for the long-term unemployed to obtain a diploma (The Federal Certificate of Competence EFZ) or two year basic training (EBA)82 in the field of cleaning.

Benefit

Source: Presentation Simon-Pierre Keller, City of Geneva

Every year 3 people benefit from the program of the City of Geneva. They get a further education in the field of cleaning and they feel esteemed and get their dignity. After the contract with the City of Geneva they get increased Improved employability, and therefore better chances to find a job.

The stakeholders of this procurement procedure are the City of Geneva, the General Hospice of Geneva (welfare authority) and recruitment agencies.

Variable needs

The procurement of the recruitment of the variable hours was published in an open call for tender

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4.3 Procurement of Works

4.3.1 Federal Roads Office FEDRO

The FEDRO is the central procurement agency (Art. 9, Org-VoeB) that procures construction and services as well as goods necessary for the safe and efficient operation of national roads.

4.3.1.1 Highway overpass for slow traffic – Invitation procedure (Art. 35 VoeB)

Context of the highway overpass

The overall project aimed at an optimization of the Belpstrasse with the creation of 4 lanes in the on and off exit area of the national road ramps in the expansion Rubigen. This led to the cancellation of the existing walking way along the Belpstrasse. Therefore, it was foreseen to create a new separate slow traffic connection by building a wooden bridge over the highway.

The construction of the slow traffic bridge took place in an Invitation procedure. The approx.. value of the bridge was 1 million CHF out of a total value of 320 million CHF. In this case the “de minimis clause” could be applied.

de minimis clause (Art. 14 VoeB)

If several construction contracts are awarded within the same project, the total value of all construction and civil engineering works is decisive for the subordination to the state contract area (WTO GPA). Is this total value above the threshold of CHF 8.7 million, it is basically a procurement in the scope of the law (Art. 7 para 2 BoeB) which means that the construction work must be publicly tendered. But the legislation has a special regulation which allows to contract individual works not according to the provisions of the law but in the invitation procedure or even in the single-handed procedure according to the 3rd chapter of the VoeB. The application of the “de minimis clause” is limited in percentage terms. Only 20% (relative value) of the total


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value may be awarded in this way. In addition, there are no individual construction contracts with a value > 20% / = CHF 2 million (absolute value).

Preliminary work

Definition of the project

Assessment of different variants and need analysis. Who are the users of the highway overpass (bicycles, slow traffic); Materials; Costs; Environmental aspects; Technical aspects (lifespan); Possibilities of the market;

Plan approval procedures = definition of the content of the project.

Invitation procedure

The “de minimis clause” allowed to choose the invitation procedure for this bridge. With this procedure it was possible to invite only Swiss companies to submit an offer. This was legally 100% correct.

Five suitable companies were contacted, four of them were invited to submit an offer.

Tender document

There was an extremely accurate description of the project.


The technical specifications contained, amongst others, a very detailed project description, plans and an environmental impact assessment (UVP)83.

It was specified that the wooden bridge has to be built with larch wood, a wood that has very good strength properties. Even without treatment with wood preservatives larch wood is durable and stable outdoors even when getting wet.


There were no selection criteria because the four invited companies were already considered suitable by FEDRO.

Award criteria (Art. 21 BoeB)

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The award criteria were formulated according to the FEDRO procurement handbook84:

Price: 90% Quality: 10%

Award of the contract

Three of the invited companies submitted an offer in comparable good quality. The choice of the best offer was not the cheapest one but the economically most advantageous bid.

Challenges of this project

One of the hotspots was the coordination of this part mission (lot 2) with the rest of the project, the main lot (lot 1) with a value of CHF 7.4 million.

The contractor of the mini lot (lot 2, wooden bridge) was imposed to the main contractor. The coordination of the two projects was described in the tender document for lot 1.

Thanks to the high professionalism of the involved companies the realization of the project was successful.

Because of scarcity it was not possible to source all larch wood from Swiss forests. Only the solid wood cross sections are made out of 100% guaranteed Swiss certified sustainable larch wood.

Success factors are:

A very precise description of the technical specifications;

a supplement for the price calculation;

a very detailed analysis of the offers;

and a little bit of luck!

Conclusion

In such a complex project it’s very important to know exactly from the beginning what is needed. This allows then to provide precision in the technical specifications. To let the market play is also key, but still it’s important to set limits, especially to ensure good quality. Knowing the rules of the game (the basic strategy, processes, especially the procurement law) and use the room of maneuver allow to get the best sustainable solution.

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4.3.1.2 UPN85 Colombier – Cornaux / Tunnel lighting (Strategic procurement, functional procurement)

The project concerned the total renovation of a tunnel lighting of a section of a national road.

The Major works of the project were:

Delivery of housings and cables as well as mounting of the lighting fixtures for the total renovation of lighting control;

Passage and adaptation lighting. Cross connections, parking bays, service duct carriers;

Fire emergency lighting, optical guide.

Choice of the technology

The choice of the lighting technology was influenced by the Energy Strategy 2050 (cf. 3.3).

The decision was to choose LED lighting because this is the most sustainable and environmentally friendly solution. It has a longer lifetime than conventional lighting and needs therefore a less frequent replacement of the lamps. Important is also the lower energy consumption compared to standard sodium vapor lamps.

LED lighting is from a technical point of view a smart solution because it allows a finer lighting spectrum and also the adjustment of the lighting to different needs.

LED lighting is also an economic solution. The purchasing costs of LED lamps are decreasing. The use costs and costs for energy consumption as well as for maintenance are lower. The LED technology allows for thinner and therefore cheaper power cable.

Procurement procedure

The project was published in an open procedure (Art.14 BoeB)

Extracts from the tender document regarding environmental aspects:

2.2.5 Environmental goals: “The energy-related aspects are crucial. They will be taken into account through the use of LED based technology, by criteria for determining the extremely finely adjusted photometric graduations as well through

the principles of lighting control (change illuminance, deactivation).”

4.2.1.4: Maintenance coefficient (aging factor): "The company needs to specify in its technical report the values of the coefficients LLMF (Lamp Lumen

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Maintenance Factor) (...) and a maintenance coefficient, which, with respect to the quality of the filament, is the most appropriate. “


The technical specifications encompassed 286 pages and attachments. One of the specifications specified the system.

4.3.1.1 Specifications for the system: The characteristics of the light fixtures and carriers (dimensions and weights) are defined in the technical leaflet in Annex D-2-A8 «Technical Data Sheets» Technical Data Sheet N ° 065_20001 Lighting devices LED VS »

Technical Data Sheet No. 065_20 001 (extract from performance requirements): • Lifetime:> 80,000 hours; • LED driver; • regulator: 1-10V; • Etc.

Award criteria (Art. 21 BoeB) according to FEDRO procurement handbook

• Price 50% • Quality of the equipment 40% • Organization 10%

Four offers had been submitted. One tenderer had to be excluded because his offer was incomplete. In this case the economically most advantageous bid was also the least expensive offer.

Conclusion

The implementation of a tender on the basis of given equipment services (= functional tender) has obliged the bidders to develop a feasible technical solution and to demonstrate their technical competences already in the bid. The functional tender has also forced the bidders to commit to reach the expected performance levels (photometry requested in the offer).


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4.3.2 FEDRO / Canton of Obwalden

4.3.2.1 Tunnel lighting Lungern

Pilot project: Minimization of active lighting in tunnels

Starting position:

Since December 2011, the Canton of Obwalden is the first canton in which all municipalities are awarded with the label "EnergyCity"86. The canton wanted to include the philosophy of its communities in energy issues in its roads, and especially in the tunnels. This was one of the reasons why the canton was looking for an energy efficient solution for the lighting of the Lungern tunnel. The canton had three variants examined and compared in more detail: a continuous light strip with tube lights (basic version), linear luminaires in groups of three and LED lights as point lighting every 8 m. The evaluation included lighting technology, energy efficiency, costs and installations. The LED tunnel point lighting convinced in all criteria. Energy efficiency is undisputed and the energy saving potential compared to the basic version is over 50% according to initial calculations. Decisive is also the better efficiency of the lamps in the dimmed state. Tunnels are critical stretches of the motorway and national roads network. Abrupt changes in lighting can give rise to accidents. Tunnel lighting is a balancing act between energy consumption and road safety.

FEDRO and the Canton of Obwalden agreed to have the Lungern tunnel as a pilot project and to examine ways to improve the lighting and simultaneously reduce energy consumption. The passage lighting system is designed as a pilot project with LED technology. The tunnel Lungern is the first tunnel in Switzerland to be equipped with LED lights.

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Structure off the tunnel lighting system

- Adaptable lighting at the entrance and exit of the tunnel (portals) - Transit lighting in the middle area of the tunnel - Optical guiding system and emergency lights throughout the entire tunnel

With the exception of emergency lighting, all light sources are permanently in operation, though the intensity is higher during the day than at night.

Experimental arrangement

The experimental arrangement should bring a better understanding of the correlation between energy consumption and the brightness of the road surface, walls and ceiling and the structure of the lighting system.

Therefore the tunnel is divided into four sections with different colors for floor and ceiling coverings. The wall color remains unchanged. For the road surface, a normal dark deck covering with grit-mastic SMA 11 and a light-colored deck covering with mastic asphalt MA 11 H "brightly sprinkled" are installed. For the ceiling, a part is left untreated in the concrete color; one part is finished with a RAL 9010 «pure white» top coat. The extensive five-year measuring campaign is included in the additional construction costs of 750’000 CHF. With regard to an optimization of energy consumption, comfort and security of the road users, the results of the measurements are expected to provide information on the future color scheme of the tunnel driving space.

4 sections alternate with different combinations of darker or lighter ceiling and road surface.


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For the purpose of the pilot study, the tunnel was divided into the following sections:

Section 1: Length, 835 meters – light surface – raw concrete ceiling Section 2: Length, 530 meters – light surface – light ceiling Section 3: Length, 730 meters – dark surface – light ceiling Section 4: Length, 1,484 meters – dark surface – raw concrete ceiling

The services required for this project were procured by the Canton of Obwalden, as is customary in the national road network, but largely financed by Federal funds. Accordingly, the coordination process between Canton and FEDRO was very close.

Measurements

During the test period the following measurements were carried out: - Light density; - Properties of the wall and road surfaces; - Output of the interior lighting; - Ageing of the wall coating; - Lighting temperature.

The measurements were carried out each spring and autumn before and after the tunnel was cleaned. A distinction was also made between day-time and night-time lighting.

Results

Advantages of LED lighting

Half of the 440 LED tunnel lights are connected to the UPS system (uninterruptible power supply), the performance of the system can be reduced by about 30%. Another advantage is the lifetime of the lamps: Depending on the use of the dimming, the suppliers speak of 50’000 and 80’000 hours - that is, up to 10 years - and the suppliers give a guarantee for 5 years.

For safety aspects, the uniform illumination of the tunnel is especially important. Thanks to the longitudinal distribution of light, the LED luminaires achieve good values. The estimated annual electricity consumption for the operation of the tunnel was calculated at approximately 4 million kWh, which causes electricity costs of around 600’000 CHF.

The cost clarification revealed astonishing results: the individual lights are at least three times as expensive as conventional tube lights; However, thanks to savings in the number of luminaires and simpler cabling and control, the total investment is around 10% cheaper.

Influence of different colors

First findings after three years of testing (2016) show that the light-colored deck covering has an influence on brightness and led to 60% energy savings because during daytime, the passage lighting can be dimmed to 20 percent, even to ten percent at night.

The distance of eight meters between the LED lights can be significantly enlarged with a light-colored surface.


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The white walls have a positive effect on the brightness but the bright ceiling has no influence on the light density.

The consolidated findings will initially be published in FEDRO’s manuals and subsequently flow into the corresponding FEDRO regulation for tunneling (national roads).

They will be at the disposal for engineers for planning and construction purposes.

4.3.3 Municipality of Trubschachen

4.3.3.1 Installation of intelligent LED street lighting

Trubschachen has upgraded the entire, outdated street lighting to intelligent LED lamps. The street lamps are only really bright when the light is needed, otherwise, the street lamps shine with only ten percent of their actual capacity. The Municipality of Trubschachen is the first Swiss municipality with 100% LED lighting (80 luminaries)

The old lights would have had to be replaced anyway (end of life). Therefore, this solution with the new intelligent LED technology is perfect. In order to achieve ideal lighting conditions, for both, street and pavement, a pilot test showed that the new poles have to be 6 m high.

Smart lighting

Smart lighting means that the lights are interconnected: Lamp A registers that someone is moving towards the lamp. Immediately, lamp A sends a signal to lamps B and C, which are further away. These too are getting brighter. This ensures that a light carpet forms in front of the road user and that it is already bright also in the distance.

Costs

The total costs for the installation of LED lamps are about 110'000 CHF. 25 lamp posts had to be completely new built, 12 had to be extended and 9 of them shortened. This work had been undertaken by employees of the municipality of Trubschachen.

Energy costs with intelligent LED technology: 3’000 CHF/a Energy costs before with sodium vapor lamps: 19’000 CHF/a Energy cost savings: 16’000 CHF/a


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The high cost savings are also result of the dimming of the lamps. They never had to perform 100% of their capacity, compared to the standard sodium high-pressure lamps. If there is no traffic, the lamps are dimmed to 10% of their capacity. If they get the signal that there is someone on the road they light up to 50% of their capacity.

Savings with the intelligent technology in %:

Savings Sodium vapor lamp – LED ~ 20% Savings with intelligent control ~70% This leads to savings of 91,5% compared to the old solution with sodium vapor lamp:

The great savings potential lies not so much in the light source LED itself, but rather in the appropriate use. LED lamps react incredibly fast: from command to implementation, milliseconds pass. In addition, due to the dimming, the operating temperature of the LED decreases, which increases its lifetime massively: Theoretically, over 40 years are possible, in practice a multiple of the 4 years of conventional luminaires is achieved.

Procurement Procedure

Since the volume of the contract was below the threshold for public tendering, it was possible to invite local companies to bid.

In Trubschachen there are two different type of streets: Streets that belong to the municipality and roads that are owned by the Canton of Bern. The intelligent LED-lighting was tested on the municipal street that leads to Trub.


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Canton of Berne – pioneer in LED-lighting

The canton of Berne has about 27’000 lights installed on its Cantonal roads. The Civil Engineering office replaces lamp after lamp if they have reached their end of life. They do not to replace already new lamps with newer ones. The aim of the Canton of Bern is to have half of them replaced with intelligent LED technology by 2018. The Canton of Bern has contributed significantly to the further development of intelligent LED technology. In the meantime, the "light on demand" technology has become the Cantonal standard.

4.3.4 City of Lenzburg

4.3.4.1 Paving of a historic alley – Invitation procedure

The city of Lenzburg is awarded with the EnergyCity label and applies the procurement standard of EnergyCity87. Lenzburg has defined procurement guidelines for some of the product groups covered by the procurement standard. Lenzburg follows also sustainability standards in its construction and maintenance projects.

So for example, during the refurbishment of the historic paved street “Schützenmattstrasse”. Due to the damaged road surface (broken cobblestones) the renovation of the road became necessary. The still intact cobblestones were processed on site and reused.

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The Schützenmattstrasse is a road of national historical importance88. In order to remain in the inventory of historical roads (IVS) after the renovation, Lenzburg contacted FEDRO as well as the Cantonal (Canton of Aargau) IVS office. FEDRO is the competent authority for the protection of historical traffic roads in Switzerland.

The City of Lenzburg decided then to block the existing old stones (if still usable) again.

The stones were broken off by a company called "Ancient building materials". They were reprocessed and returned to the department “civil engineering and traffic” of the City of Lenzburg. 70-80% of the cobblestones still were in good condition and it would have been a pity to dispose them.

The missing (damaged) 20-30% of the stones could be acquired from the company "Ancient building materials”. They stem from other demolition objects. As the volume of the procured stones was so small, they could be procured in a single hand procedure.

Award criterion for the contract (cobblestones exluded) Price 100%.

The City of Lenzburg is careful to refurbish materials that are still in good condition and to save resources. This requirement is provided to the companies who want to participate in a submission as “General Condition”.

88 Verkehrsweg von nationaler historischer Bedeutung. (G, F, I)


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5 Glossary

AC Award Criteria

a.s.l. above sea level

BBL Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics

BGBM Federal Market Act

BKB Federal Procurement Conference

BoeB Federal Act on Public Procurement

BPUK Swiss Conference of Directors of Building, Planning and Environmental Protection

CD Corporate Design

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CERs Certified Emission Reductions

cf. Compare

ChemRRV Ordinance on the Reduction of Risks relating to the Use of Certain Particularly Dangerous Substances, Preparations and Articles

CHF Swiss Francs

DIN German Institute for Standardization

E English

EMS Environmental Management System

F French

FC Federal Constitution

FEDRO Federal Roads Office

FOEN Federal Office for the Environment

G German

GPA Government Procurement Agreement

GPP Green Public Procurement

I Italian

ICT Information Communication Technology

IPP Integrated Product Policy

IVS Federal inventory of historical traffic routes in Switzerland

LCA Life cycle assessment

LED Light emission diode

KBB Competence Center for Federal Public Procurement

KBOB Coordination Group for Construction and property Services

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

Org-VoeB Federal Ordinance on the Organisation of Public Procurement

PES (PET) Polyethylene terephthalate

PPA Public Procurement Agency Bulgaria

SPP Sustainable Public Procurement

TS Technical Specification

SC Selection Criteria

UPN Maintenance Project National Roads

VoeB Federal Ordinance on Public Procurement

VILB Ordinance on Federal Real Estate Management and Logistics

RC Recycled

RUMBA Environmental Management System of the Federal Administration

SD Sustainable Development

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals


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SPP Sustainable Public Procurement

SR Systematic collection of laws

TCF Totally chlorine free. Bleaching process without the use of any chlorine

UPN UPlaNS, maintenance project national roads

VEG Advanced Recycling Fee

WTO World Trade Organisation

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