Sustainable Medical Waste Management in the Emirate of Dubai

“2nd

Annual e-Health Conference”

SUSTAINABLE MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DUBAI

اإلدارة المستدامت للنفاياث الطبيت في إمارة دبي

Engr. Rashed Karkain

Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

SUSTAINABLE MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DUBAI

Introduction:

The management of medical wastes is one of the challenging tasks that accompany the growth

and development of a progressive metropolis. The city of Dubai is no exception as in the last

decade; it has been experiencing a steady increase in the quantity of medical and pathological

wastes due to population growth and as the city attracts more and more visitors from around the

world. To cope with these challenges, medical and healthcare facilities are increased, improved

and modernized and services are expanded to benefit all, not only in the urban areas but in the

rural areas as well. Hence, there is an increase in medical and healthcare wastes that require

proper management from the source to the final treatment.

Problem Statement:

Medical wastes arise from hospitals, clinics and similar premises are potentially infectious and

hazardous. Medical waste has the capability of transmitting disease particularly to the workers

who handle this waste and to anyone that is exposed to or may come into contact with it. The

complexity of infectious medical wastes problems and the recent rise in the incidence of diseases

such as AIDS and Hepatitis B open up greater risk of contamination through mishandling and

unsafe disposal practices.

Health and Environmental risks that may result from mishandling and improper disposal of

medical wastes includes the release of substances such as radio isotopes, dioxin & furans, virus’

and other harmful matter into the environment through which the health and safety of the public

are placed in jeopardy.

Procedure:

Dubai Municipality, as a monitoring body as well as the service provider, initiated a

methodology in addressing a proper management of Medical Wastes ahead of the time. A yearly

monitoring of Private as well as Government Hospitals Medical Waste Generation was analyzed

and the trend of its increase was considered in order to come up with a proper and a systematic

and strategic solution to such.

The management of medical wastes requires a comprehensive chain of actions beginning at the

point of generation and extending to final disposal.

Medical Wastes from the year 2000 till 2008 has increased more than 3 times, from 492 tons in

the year 2000 to 1591 tons in 2008. The contribution of such is from both the Government

Hospitals as well as Private Hospitals and Clinics.

These wastes are estimated to reach up to 4000 tons in the year 2017.

In order to thoroughly tackle the management of Medical Waste, following aspects were taken

into consideration:

Legislations:

Dubai Municipality set up criteria and requirements in form of “law” and “legislations”,

streamlining the requirements and methodologies on complying with such requirements to the

concerned operators and waste generators. These requirements have been made available at

Dubai Municipality Website and they detail out the means of collection of Medical Wastes at

source, requirement of proper storage, transportation as well as Safe Treatment and Disposal.

Following are list of Local Orders, Codes of Practice and Technical Guidelines. (Annex 1)

Local Order No. 115 of 1997, Concerning Medical Wastes management in the Emirate of

Dubai was issued, specifying the requirements of safe disposal of Medical Wastes and the

related fees and non-compliances.

Local Order 7 of 2002.

Code of Practice for the Management of Medical Wastes from Hospitals, Clinics and

related Health Care Premises in Dubai: The Code of Practice outlines the requirements

for the safe handling, storage, treatment, transport and final disposal of infectious medical

wastes. It is intended as the standard guidance note for the generators, transporters and

owners or operators of all handling facilities involved in the manipulation of medical

wastes.

Technical Guideline No. 59: Management of Medical Wastes from Clinics and

Laboratories

Technical Guideline # 26: Application for Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

Technical Guideline #50 : Requirements for the Transport of Hazardous Wastes

Segregation of Medical Wastes at Source:

Treatment rooms:

Must be provided with yellow bag and sharps box. General waste bags should not be

placed in this area

Operating / ICU:

All wastes to go into yellow bag and sharps box. One set in each room.

General wards:

All medical waste to be deposited directly by doctors and nursing staff into yellow bag or

sharps box- at the nursing station or ideally on treatment and medication trolleys. Rooms

to only have bedside rubbish bins for the collection of patients waste. Cleaning staff

should collect general waste for depositing into a centralized disposal point (black bag).

Infectious disease wards:

All waste to be considered infectious and to be deposited into yellow bags or sharps box.

Female toilets:

Sanitary waste from non infectious wards can be disposed of in the black bags.

Medication trolley/ nurses station:

to be equipped with a yellow bag and sharps box. Ideally take the sharps box to the

patient and not the sharps to the box

Blood donation areas:

All waste to be deposited into yellow bags and sharps boxes

Kitchen:

Black bags only in these areas

Offices/ Stores:

Black bags only to be provided

Pharmacy:

To be provided with a black bag for general waste and a yellow bag for waste

pharmaceuticals.

Oncology wards:

As for general wards with the exception that staff dealing with chemotherapy drugs and

products must dispose of all such items in a special purple bag labeled “cytotoxic

chemical waste” in both Arabic and English.

Laboratories:

All waste chemicals should be segregated for disposal as hazardous waste. Refer to EPSS

Technical Guideline No 26. All samples must be autoclaved and deposited into the

Yellow bag stream. Culture Dishes from microbiological laboratories together with any

other infected wastes must be autoclaved before leaving the laboratory and then deposited

in the Yellow Bag stream.

X-ray & radiography:

Developer chemicals should be collected and recycled with the approval of the EPSS.

Radioisotopes must be segregated and stored safely for 4 half-lives of the isotope

involved after this time the material may be disposed of as general waste. Irradiated

liquids should be flushed down the sewage system with copious quantities of water.

Veterinary Wastes:

Soiled beddings, sharps, pharmaceuticals and soiled dressings shall be handled as a

medical waste (yellow bags). Infected animal carcasses and other body parts should

undergo supervised burial at special facilities under prior approval and supervision from

the Dubai Municipality.

Management of Medical Wastes at source:

In order to eliminate or minimize any incidents at source, it's required that every institution

generating medical waste shall appoint one officer to act as the waste coordinator and shall be of

sufficient responsibility to directly advise senior management or the person in charge of the need

for the proper management of medical wastes.

Medical wastes should not be mixed with non-hazardous general waste streams such as waste

from meals, kitchens, offices and medical records. Waste segregation shall take place at source

(the point of generation) to effectively reduce not only the amount of infectious medical waste

but also of the risk of contamination.

Clinics and institutions shall potentially generate 5 types of waste (general waste, medical waste,

laboratory waste for autoclaving, radioactive waste and hazardous chemical waste).

Note that cytotoxic drugs and residues, laboratory chemicals and developer solutions from x-ray

departments are classified as hazardous chemical waste.

Medical waste shall be collected into dedicated medical wastes storage bags for treatment and

safe disposal. The bags shall be color coded and marked according its contents for safe handling.

Wastes should not be re-bagged, except under supervision in the event of a bag failure.

Picture 1: Color Coding and Details of Medical Wastes on Bags Collected at Source

Picture 2: Sharp Box Requirements for Sharp Items

Solid medical wastes should be discarded into plastic bags or multi-layer coated paper bags that

are capable of containing the waste without spillage or puncture, especially during transport and

handling. Bags for medical wastes while in use must be held firmly in a dedicated bag-holder drum or bin.

The drum shall be of rigid but smooth material and able to hold a bag of waste in its place.

The bags and any container for storage of medical wastes should be marked properly with the

biohazard symbol and the words Medical Waste in Arabic and English.

Table 1 - Color code of bag corresponding to the type of waste shall be adopted.

Bag Color Waste Category

Black General domestic and office type waste

Red Radiotherapy wastes

Purple Cytotoxic wastes

Light Blue Wastes for autoclaving

Yellow All other medical wastes

Temporary Storage of Medical Waste at source:

Bagged medical waste when labeled should not be stored in office or ward areas. It must be

taken to a dedicated collection point. The collection point should be an area of adequate size

related to the volume of production and frequency of collection.

The collection area must be provided with an impervious hard standing.

The storage area for the waste awaiting collection, if outside the hospital/clinic must be secure

and lockable. Access to these storage facilities should be limited to those responsible for

handling, transporting or disposing of the waste.

The storage area shall be air-conditioned or chilled depending on the expected time period over

which the waste is to be stored. Purpose built refrigerated storage facility is necessary if

considering bulk storage for up to one week. A practical alternative could be the use of steel

containers with refrigerated units independently powered located at the waste collection points.

Picture 3: Temporary Cold Storage Facility at Source

Basic cleaning tools should be readily available including among others, disinfectant, granular

chlorine compound for blood spillage or suitable equipment and sand available in sealable plastic

bags which can be used in the event of any liquid leakage.

Transportation of Medical Wastes:

In Dubai the generator of medical waste shall be responsible for its proper handling and transport

to the place of disposal. Private clinics must hold a contract with an approved transport

company for waste collection and disposal. Public and private hospitals may engage an

approved contractor or operate their own vehicles. All vehicles must meet the standards (Annex

1 – Technical Guideline #50) and must be approved by the Dubai Municipality.

Picture 4: Transportation Requirements of Medical Wastes

Treatment of Medical Wastes:

Since 2001, all of the medical wastes generated in the Emirate of Dubai are treated and disposed

of at the Jebel Ali Medical Waste Treatment Facility. This facility has been using a medical

waste incinerator with a throughput capacity of 500 kg/hr.

However, projecting the trend of increase of the Medical Wastes, and after thorough verifications

of best practices in the World, an additional Medical Waste Incinerator with a state of art was

added to Dubai Municipality's Services. Considering the Socio-Economical status of the Emirate

of Dubai, strict Environmental Requirements were imposed in the Terms of Reference (Annex 8)

of the Medical Waste Incinerator

This project was tendered out and submissions of five bidders were carefully evaluated by a

technical committee for all aspects with a matrix of evaluation criteria (Annex 9). Strict

emphasis was given to compliance with Environmental Standards, specially the Emission

Discharge and the Pollution Control System (Annex 7).

Accordingly the contract was awarded to ETA, in collaboration with Mitsubishi and Plantec. The

selection was mainly based on 100% compliances with Environmental Standards. (Annex 4).

Main objectives of this project were:

To ensure that all medical wastes generated within the Emirate of Dubai will be properly

treated and disposed of;

To address the increase in quantity of medical wastes requiring treatment and disposal for

a minimum period of 10 years, and;

To ensure that the methods, technologies and techniques applied for the treatment and

disposal of medical and pathological wastes shall be appropriate, globally accepted, state-

of-the-art, and shall meet all applicable local, Federal and international environmental

laws, regulations and requirements for such facilities.

Main Specifications of the Medical Waste Incinerator as follow:

The plant has a minimum throughput capacity of at least 800 kg/hr, as a single unit;

The technology is incineration, with strict emphasize on low and feasible annual

Operation and Maintenance Cost

The process of operation is continuous;

De-ashing or residual removal is mechanical (automatic) to allow for continuous

operation

Waste loading is mechanical (automatic), with provisions for manual loading as

necessary;

The technology ensures complete destruction or treatment of the wastes and a volume

reduction of at least 80%.

The technology is able to treat mixed medical wastes with minimum need for pre-

treatment such as shredding, cutting, etc.;

The plant complies with the UAE Federal Environment Agency (FEA) Emission

Standards and Dubai Municipality standards for the following parameters: TSP, CO,

NOx, NO2, SO2, HCl, HF,VOC, Dioxin & Furan, Total Metals, Pb,Cd, Hg.

Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) and Continuous Opacity Monitoring

System (COMS) is integrated in the plant for monitoring of the flue gas for such

parameters as O2, CO, particulates, Nox, Sox, opacity, etc.;

The COMS and CEMS as required at a minimum, includes HCL (as CL2), SO2, Nox, CO,

and O2, stack temp., CO2, opacity (%), and data acquisition system.

The plant has provisions for emergency shutdowns, and;

Aside from bio-medical wastes, the plant is also capable of treating other hazardous

wastes.

Results and Discussion:

Upon the commissioning of the Medical Waste Incinerator, the continuous monitoring of the

Emissions from the system’s control panel ensured the compliance with the Emission Discharge

Standards. A Third Party Laboratory Analysis further assured such compliance. (Annex 10).

Keywords:

Medical Waste Incinerator, Dubai Municipality,

ANNEX 1

LEGISLATIONS

“Local Order 115 of 1997 for the Management of Medical Waste in the Emirate of Dubai

Municipality”

“Code of Practice on the Management of medical Wastes form hospitals, clinic and related

health care premises in Dubai”

“Technical Guideline # 26 – Application for Disposal of Hazardous Wastes”

“Technical Guideline # 50 – Requirements for the Transport of Medical Wastes”

“Technical Guideline # 59 – Management of Medical Wastes from Clinics and Laboratories”

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DUBAI MUNICIPALITY

ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION & SAFETY SECTION

إرشادات فنيــة

Technical Guideline

بلدية دبي إدارة البيــــئة

قسم محاية البيئة و السالمة

NUMBER 59

Management of Medical Wastes from Clinics and Laboratories

Background : This technical guideline is not intended to revoke or supersede the Code of Practice for the Management of Medical Waste, rather it is intended as a brief synopsis of the Code of Practice for generators of medical waste from clinics and laboratories only. Reference should be made to the Code of Practice for a thorough and complete understanding of the full requirements for the generators, transporters and owners or operators of all handling facilities involved in the manipulation of medical wastes.

Guidelines : 1 General

1.1 Every institution generating medical waste should appoint one officer to act as the waste coordinator to be responsible for the safe and efficient collection and handling of medical waste.

1.2 Medical wastes as defined in Section 2.0 should not be mixed with non-

hazardous general waste streams such as waste from meals, kitchens , offices and medical records. Waste segregation shall take place at source (the point of generation ) to effectively reduce not only the amount of infectious medical waste but also of the risk of contamination.

1.3 Medical waste should be placed only into either approved medical waste storage

bags or sharp containers for collection into the wheeled container trolleys provided by the approved medical waste transporters. Bags having been securely tied, sealed and labeled with the generator’s name should not be rebagged , except under supervision in the event of a bag failure.

1.4 The following color coding for the bags should be used

Bag Color Waste Category Black General domestic and office type waste Red Radiotherapy wastes Purple Cytotoxic wastes

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Light Blue Wastes for autoclaving Yellow All other medical wastes

2. Segregation

2.1 The following table outlines the segregation guidelines with respect to the main sources of the waste.

Treatment rooms

Must be provided with both yellow bag and sharps box. Sharps box to be used for the collection of hypodermic needles, syringes, blades and broken glass items contaminated with medical waste. General waste bags should not be placed in this area

Laboratories

All waste chemicals should be segregated for disposal as hazardous waste. Refer to EPSS Technical Guideline No 26. All samples must be autoclaved and deposited either into the Yellow bag stream or sharp boxes. Culture Dishes from microbiological laboratories together with any other infected wastes must be autoclaved before leaving the laboratory and then deposited in the Yellow Bag stream

X-ray & radiography

Developer chemicals should be collected and recycled with the approval of the EPSS. Radioisotopes must be segregated and stored safely for 4 half-lives of the isotope involved after this time the material should be disposed of as general waste. Irradiated liquids may be flushed down the sewage system with copious quantities of water ONLY after receiving written approval from EPSS.

3. Storage and Handling

3.1 Bagged medical waste when labeled should not be stored in office or ward areas. It must be taken to a dedicated collection point. The collection point should have an impervious hard standing and be of adequate size related to the volume of production and the frequency of collection.

3.2 The storage area for the waste awaiting collection , if outside the clinic or laboratory must be secure and lockable. Access to these storage facilities should be limited to those responsible for handling, transporting or disposing of the waste.

3.3 Only the approved wheeled collection container trolleys should be used when

collecting, moving or transporting full bags of medical waste from the point source into the designated collection or storage area.

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3.4 All laboratories and clinics (other than polyclinics) where waste accumulates in

small quantities must ensure that the intervals of collection does not exceed one week. In the case of the polyclinics, storage of medical waste for more than one week will only be allowable in air conditioned or chilled facilities.

3.5 Bags used to store medical waste must not be filled up more than 80% of its nominal capacity in order to allow effective closure by tying up its neck.

3.6 The sealing of plastic bags can be carried out by tying the neck with a purpose

made plastic coated metal wire. Staples must not be used as they may cause tearing-off of the bags or cause injury to the handlers.

3.7 At times where manual handling is involved ( for example when placing into the

wheeled collection trolleys ), the necks of the bags should be positioned upright to allow any subsequent handling to be easily undertaken. Heavy duty gloves should be worn and the bags held at the closure end only since there is always a risk of “puncture injury” as sharps or hypodermic needles may find their way into the yellow bag indiscriminately.

3.8 When handling sharps container heavy duty gloves should be worn and the

container picked up only by the handle provided .The other hand should not be used to support the bottom of the container since sharps have been known in some instances to pierce the sides of its containers.

3.9 Bodily contact with the bags of medical waste should be avoided. If there is a

slightest chance of them brushing against clothing or body when being handled, then an industrial apron or leg protectors need to be worn. Sturdy shoes or industrial “Wellington” boots are also recommended to protect injury against bags accidentally dropped.

3.10 Personal protective outfits such as overall, mask, disposable gloves or eye

protector, need to be worn when engaged in clearing up body fluid especially when there is risk of the worker’s skin becoming contaminated.

3.11 Basic cleaning tools should be readily available including among others,

disinfectant, granular chlorine compound for blood spillage or suitable equipment and sand available in sealable plastic bags which can be used in the event of any liquid leakage.

3.12 A full course of anti-tetanus, Hep- B and serum and feaces carried disease

immunization must be considered for all staff carrying out medical waste handling and disposal operations.

3.13 All generators of medical waste must have a contingency plan for spillage and

rupturing of any container of waste, injury of personnel handling such wastes and alternative collection and transport plans should the normal transporter become unavailable.

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4 Training

4.1 Generators will be responsible for ensuring that all staff who work in areas where medical waste arises understand the proper procedures for waste handling, storage and segregation. In particular staff should be trained to : i) check that storage bags are securely sealed; ii) handle bags by neck only; iii) know the procedure in the case of accidental spillage and to report

promptly such incident; iv) check the integrity of the seal of the storage bags when movement is

complete; v) be able to identify the bag and ensure that the origin of the waste is

clearly marked on the bag; and vi) be aware of all occupational health and safety procedures related to the handling of medical waste. 5 Transportation

5.1 Generators of medical waste shall be responsible for it’s proper handling and

transportation to the central medical waste treatment facility in Jebel Ali. 5.2 Clinics and laboratories must hold a contract with an approved transport

company having vehicles with valid permits from EPSS for medical waste collection and transportation to the treatment facility.

FURTHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE FROM

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION & SAFETY SECTION �� : 2064244/ 2064245 OR FAX : 270160

CODE OF PRACTICE

ON THE MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL WASTES FROM HOSPITALS, CLINICS AND RELATED HEALTH CARE PREMISES IN DUBAI.

INTRODUCTION

Medical wastes pose a significant public health threat if they are handled incorrectly.

In accordance with the development of the centralized medical waste treatment and disposal

facility in Dubai and the need to properly manage medical waste from its point of generation

until final disposal, the following Code of Practice has been prepared for the management of

all medical wastes arising in the Emirate of Dubai.

The Code of Practice outlines the requirements for the safe handling, storage, treatment,

transport and final disposal of infectious medical wastes. It is intended as the standard

guidance note for the generators, transporters and owners or operators of all handling facilities

involved in the manipulation of medical wastes.

This Code of Practice supersedes the Code issued in October 1995.

This Code was approved in May 1997. Eng. Hussain Lootah Assistant General Director Environment Affairs & Public Health

OUTLINE OF THE CODE

The proper handling of medical wastes requires a comprehensive chain of actions beginning at

the point of generation and extending to final disposal. This chain is described below. It is the

responsibility of the generator of medical waste to comply with these requirements and to

ensure proper handling and disposal. Each step in this chain is discussed in the text to follow.

Medical Waste Management Policy in the Emirate of Dubai

Medical waste shall be separated from all non-hazardous waste and handled and disposed of so that there is no risk of it neither entering the environment nor affecting the health of any person coming into close contact with it.

Any person handling medical waste shall be properly trained to understand the

risks and to handle the waste in accordance with this code of practice.

All hospitals should appoint one officer as waste management specialist to ensure that the requirements of this Code are complied with.

Medical Waste

Management

Cycle

1. Definition & Risks

2. Classification & Segregation

3. Storage & Handling

4. Transport

5. Treatment & Disposal

1.1 Definitions

1.2 Hazards

2.1 Management

2.2 Waste audit

2.3 Sources of waste

3.1 Storage

3.2 Handling

3.3 Specifications

3.4 Safe handling

3.5 Training

4.1 Policy

4.2 Standards

for vehicles

5.1 Policy

5.2 Technologies

5.3 Special wastes

5.4 Disposal systems in Dubai

PART 1

DEFINITIONS & HAZARDS

1.1 DEFINITIONS

Medical Waste

For the purpose of this Code the term “medical waste” is used and shall denote the wastes

as described in (a) and (b) below. Medical waste therefore, includes and is considered to

be:

(a) Any waste which consists wholly or partly of human or animal tissue, blood or

other body fluids, excretions, dressings, swabs, syringes, needles or other sharp

instruments, drugs or other pharmaceutical products and radioactive wastes from

hospitals or clinics, being waste which unless rendered safe may prove to be

hazardous to any person coming into contact with it; and

(b) Any other waste arising from medical treatment, nursing care, dental, veterinary,

pharmaceutical, investigation, teaching, research, the collection of blood for

transfusion, and from any similar practice, being waste which may cause infection

to any person coming into contact with it.

Biological agents

Means preparations made from living organisms and their products including vaccines,

cultures etc. ., intended for use in diagnosing, immunizing or treating humans or animals

Chemotherapy Waste

Means all materials that have come into contact with and have trace amounts of

cytotoxic/antineoplastic agents.

Cytotoxic waste

Means waste containing cytotoxic drugs that are toxic to living cells.

Container

Means any portable device in which a medical waste is stored, transported, disposed or

otherwise handled.

Contaminated

Means soiled or made inferior or potentially infectious through physical contact or mixture

with medical waste.

Destruction facility

Means a facility that destroys medical waste by ruining, mutilating, incineration or tearing

it apart.

Disinfect

Means to reduce the infectious properties of an object or material such that it poses

virtually no risk of infection to those handling or otherwise coming into contact with the

object or material

Generator

Means any firm, company or Health authority whose act or process produces medical

waste.

Handling

Means to store, transfer, collect, separate, process, incinerate, treat or dispose of.

Incineration

Means processing method using properly engineered equipment used for thermal oxidation

and the conversion of combustible material into non-combustible residues (ash) and

product gases.

Label

Means a written sentence or a unique sign, sticked or printed. Attached to a thing to define

its contents, owner or consignee.

Laboratory

Means any research, analytical or clinical facility that performs health care related analysis

or service.

Landfill

Means the DM run disposal facility where medical waste is placed in the ground.

Macerator

Means a disintegrator. A machine evolved from a stereophagic pump which grinds or

shreds the gross solid in crude sewage.

Sharps Box

Means a rigid puncture-resistant container which when sealed is leak resistant and cannot

be reopened without great difficulty.

Sharps Waste

Means any device having acute rigid corners, edges or protuberances capable of cutting or

piercing but not limited to, all of the following:-

a) Hypodermic needles, syringes, blades and needles with attached tubing.

b) Broken glass items such as Pasteur pipettes and blood vials contaminated with medical

waste.

Storage

Means the temporary holding of medical waste at a designated accumulation area before

treatment, disposal or transport to another location.

Transport

Means the movement of medical waste from its point of generation to its point of ultimate

disposition.

Transporter

A transporter is a company engaged in the approved off-site transportation of medical

waste by road.

Treatment

When used in the context of medical waste management means any method, technique or

process designed to change the biological character or composition of any regulated

medical waste so as to reduce or eliminate its potential for causing disease.

Waste Facility

Means all contiguous land and structures used for treating, destroying, storing or disposing

of medical waste.

1.2 OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Medical wastes arise from hospitals, clinics and similar premises are potentially infectious

and hazardous. Medical waste has the capability of transmitting disease particularly to the

workers who handle this waste and to anyone that is exposed to or may come into contact

with it. The complexity of infectious medical wastes problems and the recent rise in the

incidence of diseases such as AIDS and Hepatitis B open up greater risk of contamination

through mishandling and unsafe disposal practices.

Environmental risks that may result from mishandling and improper disposal of medical

wastes includes the release of substances such as radio isotopes, dioxins, virus’ and other

harmful matter into the environment through which the health and safety of the public are

placed in jeopardy.

PART 2

CLASSIFICATION & SEGREGATION

2.1 MANAGEMENT

2.1.1 Every institution generating medical waste shall appoint one officer to act as the

waste coordinator. This person shall be familiar with this Code and shall be of

sufficient responsibility to directly advise senior management or the person in

charge of the need for the implementation of the Code and the proper management

of medical wastes.

2.1.2 Medical wastes as defined in this Code should not be mixed with non-hazardous

general waste streams such as waste from meals, kitchens, offices and medical

records. Waste segregation shall take place at source (the point of generation)

to effectively reduce not only the amount of infectious medical waste but also of

the risk of contamination.

2.1.3 Clinics and institutions shall potentially generate 5 types of waste (general waste,

medical waste, laboratory waste for autoclaving, radioactive waste and hazardous

chemical waste).

Note that cytotoxic drugs and residues, laboratory chemicals and developer

solutions from x-ray departments are classified as hazardous chemical waste.

2.1.4 Medical waste shall be collected into dedicated medical wastes storage bags for

treatment and safe disposal. The bags shall be color coded and marked according

its contents for safe handling. Wastes should not be rebagged, except under

supervision in the event of a bag failure.

2.1.5 Solid medical wastes should be discarded into plastic bags or multi-layer coated

paper bags that are capable of containing the waste without spillage or puncture,

especially during transport and handling.

2.1.6 Bags for medical wastes while in use must be held firmly in a dedicated bag-

holder drum or bin. The drum shall be of rigid but smooth material and able to

hold a bag of waste in its place.

2.1.7 The bags and any container for storage of medical wastes should be marked

properly with the biohazard symbol and the words Medical Waste in Arabic and

English.

2.1.8 The following color code of bag corresponding to the type of waste shall be

adopted.


Black General domestic and office type waste





2.2 WASTE AUDIT

Medical waste generators should carry out a waste audit of their premises or institution to

a) Identify the types of waste being generated

b) Identify the quantities being generated

c) Improve waste minimization and segregation

d) Assess the needs for training

e) Assess the types of waste containers needed in each location

f) Organize the proper treatment and disposal arrangements.

The audit needs to be conducted by the waste officer in close cooperation with the heads

of each department and the nurse in charge of each ward. The audit should involve

observation of generation practices, collection of waste, sorting and measurement of waste

quantities. Every room of the facility should be covered in the audit.

Further guidance on waste auditing can be obtained from the EPSS

2.3 SEGREGATION GUIDELINES BY SOURCES OF WASTE

Treatment rooms Must be provided with yellow bag and sharps box. General waste bags

should not be placed in this area

Operating / ICU All waste to go into yellow bag and sharps box. One set in each room.

General wards All medical waste to be deposited directly by doctors and nursing staff into

yellow bag or sharps box- at the nursing station or ideally on treatment and medication

trolleys. Rooms to only have bedside rubbish bins for the collection of patients waste.

Cleaning staff should collect general waste for depositing into a centralized disposal point

(black bag).

Infectious disease wards All waste to be considered infectious and to be deposited into

yellow bags or sharps box.

Female toilets. Sanitary waste from non infectious wards can be disposed of in the black

bags.

Medication trolley/ nurses station to be equipped with a yellow bag and sharps box.

Ideally take the sharps box to the patient and not the sharps to the box

Blood donation areas all waste to be deposited into yellow bags and sharps boxes

Kitchen Black bags only in these areas

Offices/ Stores. Black bags only to be provided

Pharmacy To be provided with a black bag for general waste and a yellow bag for waste

pharmaceuticals.

Oncology wards As for general wards with the exception that staff dealing with

chemotherapy drugs and products must dispose of all such items in a special purple bag

labeled “cytotoxic chemical waste” in both Arabic and English.

Laboratories All waste chemicals should be segregated for disposal as hazardous waste.

Refer to EPSS Technical Guideline No 26. All samples must be autoclaved and deposited

into the Yellow bag stream. Culture Dishes from microbiological laboratories together

with any other infected wastes must be autoclaved before leaving the laboratory and then

deposited in the Yellow Bag stream.

X-ray & radiography Developer chemicals should be collected and recycled with the

approval of the EPSS. Radioisotopes must be segregated and stored safely for 4 half-lives

of the isotope involved after this time the material may be disposed of as general waste.

Irradiated liquids should be flushed down the sewage system with copious quantities of

water.

Veterinary Wastes soiled beddings, sharps, pharmaceuticals and soiled dressings shall be

handled as a medical waste (yellow bags). Infected animal carcasses and other body parts

should undergo supervised burial at special facilities under prior approval and supervision

from the Dubai Municipality.

PART 3

STORAGE & HANDLING

3.1 STORAGE

3.1.1 Bagged medical waste when labeled should not be stored in office or ward areas.

It must be taken to a dedicated collection point. The collection point should be an

area of adequate size related to the volume of production and frequency of

collection.

3.1.2 The collection area must be provided with an impervious hard standing.

3.1.3 The storage area for the waste awaiting collection, if outside the hospital/clinic

must be secure and lockable. Access to these storage facilities should be limited to

those responsible for handling, transporting or disposing of the waste.

3.1.4 The storage area shall be air-conditioned or chilled depending on the expected

time period over which the waste is to be stored. Purpose built refrigerated storage

facility is necessary if considering bulk storage for up to one week. A practical

alternative could be the use of steel containers with refrigerated units

independently powered located at the waste collection points.

3.1.5 Basic cleaning tools should be readily available including among others,

disinfectant, granular chlorine compound for blood spillage or suitable equipment

and sand available in sealable plastic bags which can be used in the event of any

liquid leakage.

3.2 HANDLING OF WASTE

3.2.1 All waste storage and disposal bags must comply with the specifications given

below. Bags must be securely tied, sealed and labeled upon collection for final

disposal.

3.2.2 Liner bags should be removed at least once daily in hospitals or when three-

quarters full. Bags used to store medical waste awaiting collection for disposal

must not be filled up more than 80% of its nominal capacity to allow effective

closure by tying up its neck.

3.2.3 At places other than hospitals, health centers and polyclinics where waste

accumulates in small quantities the intervals of collection should not exceed one

week. The waste should be kept in the medical waste bag and secure holder until

collection.

3.2.4 The sealing of plastic bags can be carried out by tying the neck with a purpose

made plastic coated metal wire. Staples must not be used as they may cause

tearing-off of the bags or cause injury to the handlers.

3.2.5 Wastes such as disposable bed pan liners, urine containers, incontinence pads and

stoma bags, except when they arise from designated high risk areas, may be

discharged to sewer via purpose built disposal units. Items which cannot be

discharged to the sewer should be placed in a medical waste bag.

3.2.6 Trolleys or carts used for the movements of medical waste within the source

premises should be designed and constructed in a way that surfaces are smooth

and impermeable so that it can be easily cleaned and allow waste to be handled

without difficulty. Steam cleaning is preferred but disinfection with chemicals at

the end of the day is an acceptable alternative.

3.2.7 All staff who work in areas where medical waste arises or who handle bagged

waste are at risk and must be adequately trained and supervised.

3.2.8 Any organization handling medical waste must have a contingency plan for

spillage and rupturing of any container of waste, injury of personnel handling such

wastes and alternative disposal plans should the normal disposal route become

unavailable.

3.3 SPECIFICATIONS

Plastic Bags Specifications

3.3.1 When used in high risk areas, infectious disease and isolation wards,

haemodialysis, and for the disposal of human tissue, the plastic bag should:

i) Be of minimum gauge 800 (200 microns) if of low density or minimum

gauge 400 (100 microns) if of high density - with purpose made ties for

sealing the bag;

ii) Have a maximum nominal capacity of 100 liters;

iii) Match the chosen receptacle or fitting in use;

iv) Conform to the recommended color coding system;

v) When autoclaving, be suitable for this treatment;

3.3.2 Bags for the storage of medical wastes other those specified in item

( 3.3.1-”i”) above should:

vi) Be of minimum gauge 400 (100 microns) if of low density plastic

or minimum gauge 200 (50 microns) if of high density; and

vii) Must conform in all other respects in (3.3.1-”i”) above.

3.3.3 Bags in use for waste intended for autoclaving should be made of plastic material

that withstands high temperature without melting. A polyethylene-polyamide

composite plastic is recommended.

Container for Sharps Disposal

3.3.4 Contaminated sharps must be collected into a dedicated “sharps disposal” box. A

sharps disposal box should be:

i) Made of strong, rigid, puncture-proof materials;

ii) Impermeable and able to be permanently sealed once it is full or

ready for disposal; (or at intervals of not more than one week)

iii) Fitted with non-removable lid with an aperture that prevents

removal of sharps waste once dropped in the box;

iv) Preferably yellow in color and marked with the biohazard symbol

and words “DANGER - USED SHARPS” on the exterior.

iv) Should be of size suitable for handling or carrying single handedly

and fitted with a safe handle for that purpose.

vi) Each container should be clearly marked with the name of the

institution from which it arises.

3.4 SAFE HANDLING

3.4.1 The use of wheeled trolley or cart and dedicated container is a must when moving

or transporting bags of medical waste from the point source into a designated

collection or storage area.

3.4.2 At times where manual handling is involved, the necks of the bags should be

positioned upright to allow any subsequent handling easily undertaken. Heavy

duty gloves should be worn and the bags are held at the closure end only. There is

always a risk of “puncture injury” as sharps or hypodermic needles may find their

way into the yellow bag indiscriminately.

3.4.3 When handling sharps container heavy duty gloves should be worn and the

container should be picked up by the handle provided and the other hand should

not be used to support the bottom of the container. (Sharps have been known in

some instances to pierce the sides of its containers).

3.4.4 Bodily contact with the bags of medical waste should be avoided. If there is a

slightest chance of them brushing against clothing or body when being handled,

then an industrial apron or leg protectors need to be worn. Sturdy shoes or

industrial “Wellington” boots are also recommended to protect injury against bags

accidentally dropped.

3.4.5 Personal protective outfits such as overall, mask, disposable gloves or eye

protector, need to be worn when engaged in clearing up body fluid especially

when there is risk of the worker’s skin becoming contaminated.

3.4.6 A full course of anti-tetanus, Hep- B and serum and feaces carried disease

immunization must be considered for all staff carrying out medical waste handling

and disposal operations.

3.4.7 If a person cuts himself or has an accident, however small, he should inform the

safety officer and retain if possible the item that caused the injury to enable the

nursing staff of the hospital to identify possible infection. Any contaminated

clothing should be put into the medical waste stream.

3.5 TRAINING

3.5.1 All staff who works in areas where medical waste arises should receive

instructions and understand the proper way of waste handling, storage,

segregation, and disposal procedures.

3.5.2 All staff that may be required to move bags of medical waste within a particular

location should be trained to:

i) Check that storage bags are securely sealed;

ii) Handle bags by neck only;

iii) Know the procedure in the case of accidental spillage and to report

promptly such incident;

iv) Check the integrity of the seal of the storage bags when movement

is complete;

iv) Be able to identify the bag and ensure that the origin of the waste is

clearly marked on the bag; and

vi) Understand the special problems related to handle the contaminated sharps

and always wear heavy duty gloves when handling contaminated sharps

containers.

PART 4

TRANSPORT

4.1 POLICY

In Dubai the generator of medical waste shall be responsible for it’s proper handling and

transport to the place of disposal. Private clinics must hold a contract with an approved

transport company for waste collection and disposal. Public and private hospitals may

engage an approved contractor or operate their own vehicles. All vehicles must meet the

standards below and must be approved by the EPSS.

Companies offering services as medical waste transporters must be approved as hazardous

waste transporters by the EPSS

4.2 STANDARDS FOR VEHICLES

4.2.1. Any company, agency or person approved for the removal of medical waste from

one location to another should have a safe system in operation to ensure that:

i) Collectors, drivers and other handlers are aware of the nature and dangers of

the waste carried.

ii) Such operatives are familiar with the procedures to be taken in the event of an

accidental spillage.

4.2.2 Transporters of medical waste must obtain from EPSS an annual approval for

medical waste disposal and comply with the EPSS Technical Guidelines No: 50 -

the Requirements for the Transport of Hazardous Wastes in Dubai.

4.2.3 Open top skips should not be used for the transportation of medical waste.

4.2.4 Roll on - Roll off containers are advisable for use in medical waste collection due

to their construction and ease of handling during loading or unloading process.

4.2.5 Compaction vehicles, soft sided vehicles, boarded and sheeted vehicles should

never be used for the transport of bagged medical waste.

4.2.6 Medical waste must be moved from it's site of generation to the disposal site in

closed liquid tight marked and labeled plastic trolleys or containers. These may be

240 L waste bins in the case of smaller generators and up to 1.5 CM trolleys with

dimensions not exceeding 1.2 L X 0.725 W X 1.6 H where the trolley has a

removable front panel. Other specifications may be approved by the EPSS if they

are functional, safe and suitable for the disposal facility

4.2.7 Dedicated vehicles used in transporting medical waste must be approved by EPSS

and shall have the following features:

i) Built of adequate size, having a body with a minimum height of 2.1 meter;

ii) A bulkhead should separate the driver’s cabin from the cargo cabin and be

designed to retain the load if the vehicle is involved in 30 km/h collision;

iii) Provided with a system to secure the load during transport;

iv) The internal finish should be lined so as to be smooth with corners

coved and is suitable for steam and chemical cleaning processes,

particularly if it is to carry bagged medical wastes in loosely stacked

manner;

v) A secure compartment should be provided to carry a supply of spare plastic

bags, protective clothing, cleaning tools and disinfectant; and with

additional supply of hand cleaning materials available in the driver’s cabin.

vi) The vehicle must be placarded with the name of the transporter company and

contact telephone numbers clearly displayed on the sides and rear of the

vehicle.

PART 5

TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

5.1 POLICY

5.1.1 Only the approved central medical waste facility in Dubai shall treat and process

medical waste for disposal.

5.1.2 Federal government hospitals and clinics may operate an independent collection

system which complies with this Code and transport waste out of Dubai for

treatment and disposal at centralized facilities in neighboring Emirates.

5.1.3 Approval may be granted for temporary landfill or on-site incineration of medical

waste in the case of an emergency.

5.1.4 Medical waste must be chemically and biologically safe and unrecognizable

before it is released into the environment for disposal.

5.1.5 Centralized Incineration Facilities are the safest long term solution for medical

waste disposal. Treatment technologies are acceptable short term options until the

full impact of growth and waste minimization can be assessed.

5.2 TECHNOLOGIES

Incineration

5.2.1 Incinerators used for the disposal of medical waste must be designed and operated

in accordance with the following standards:

i) Having two combustion chamber in series; the second chamber’s residence

time should not be less than 1 (one) second and the temperature outlet

should not be less than 1,000 degrees Celsius;

ii) Dioxin formation must be controlled either, the gases exiting the second

chamber should be quenched rapidly to a temperature less than 100

degrees Celsius or by other means such as chemical dry scrubbing;

iii) The emissions must be treated and should not exceed the following limits,

(corrected to 10% oxygen at 1 atm pressure and 25 degrees Celsius.)

Parameter Limit, Total Particulate Matter 100 mg/m3

Carbon Monoxide 100 mg/m3

Chlorine and its compounds as HCl 50 mg/m3

Fluorine and its compounds as HF 5 mg/m3

Total Heavy Metals 5 mg/m3

Mercury 0.2 mg/m3

Sulphur Dioxide 300 mg/m3

Dioxin as 2,3,7,8- TCDD 1 nano g/m3,

iv) The percentage organic matter in the ash shall be less than 5 %w/w, which

shall be analysed as per requirements of BS 3316 or equivalent.

v) The incinerator should be capable of accepting wastes of widely varying

calorific value including a reasonably large percentage of the load

comprising plastic.

vi) The incinerator design should ensure that responsive fail safe control

systems are used.

vii) Where practicable, and necessary for incinerators with a capacity of 0.25

tons/hour or greater, a mechanical or automatic feeding device is advised.

This device should not, however, lead to bags of clinical waste bursting

within the charging section.

5.2.2 Care should be taken in the disposal of fly ash, and non-combustible residuals,

including burnt sharps, as these materials can contain both organic compounds

and heavy metals. The disposal of such material should be in accordance with the

Technical Guidelines No: 26 issued by the Environmental Protection & Safety

Section (EPSS).

5.2.3 Containers which are designed for the collection and transportation of residuals

should be constructed from non-combustible materials capable of withstanding

accidental impact and be securely covered during transportation. Fly ash should be

double bagged, in heavy grade polyethylene plastic sacks of 200 microns thick

and sealed for safe disposal. Yellow bags are not to be used for this purpose.

Autoclaving

5.2.4 Operating procedures for steam sterilization (Autoclave) shall include:

i) Adoption of standard operating procedures for each system including time,

temperature, pressure, type of waste, waste content, maximum load

quantity, type of container, closure on container and pattern of loading;

ii) Recording of temperatures during each complete cycle to ensure the

attainment of a temperature of at least 121 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes

or longer, depending on the quantity and density of the load, in order to

achieve sterilization of the waste load. Thermometers shall be checked for

calibration at least annually;

iii) Medical waste should be placed in polyethylene-polyamide plastic bag

which will resist the high steam temperature and at the same time allow

the steam to permeate the bag for sterilization of its content;

iv) Use of heat sensitive tape or other device for each container of waste that

is processed to indicate the attainment of adequate sterilization;

v) Use of spores of Bacillus stereothermophilus placed at the center of the

load processed under standard operating conditions at least once every 48

hours of operation monthly to confirm the attainment of adequate

sterilization conditions;

vi) All autoclaved wastes then should be placed into a yellow bag, labeled

before transferring for final off-site disposal.

5.2.5 When material would be reduced to a liquid by this process, measures should be

taken to ensure that it is contained in a suitable rigid container that can be sealed

after sterilization.

Chemical disinfection

5.2.6 Technologies involving maceration and treatment with materials such as chlorine

dioxide. Regular testing with standard cultures must be undertaken to ensure the

effective performance of the technology.

5.2.7 Waste which have been chemically treated and are unrecognizable may be

deposited to the general waste landfills.

Discharge to Sewer

5.2.8 Discharge to sewers is not a satisfactory disposal route for medical waste. In

exceptionally circumstances where a small quantity are involved this may be

permitted but requires prior permit from EPSS.

5.2.9 Macerators or shredders should be used prior to discharge to sewer; they should

be designed so that they discharge a continuous flow of nearly liquid waste.

5.2.10 Macerators or shredders should have tightly locking lids to prevent emission of

aerosols.

5.2.11 To minimize any potential detrimental effect from aerosols, macerators should be

sited well away from wards, kitchens and dining rooms.

5.2.12 Macerators or shredders should not be expected to cope with objects outside their

design limitations, and at all times discretion is necessary when feeding them. For

example, when fibrous disposables such as cotton or wool are feed to macerators

they can tangle with the blades and reduce the cutting efficiency of the blades.

5.3 DISPOSAL OF SPECIAL WASTES

Disposal of Pharmaceutical Wastes

5.3.1 Pharmaceutical wastes normally should be returned to a responsible person at a

hospital pharmacy.

5.3.2 Incineration or landfilling is the preferred disposal route for small amounts of

solid medicines and injectables, except where the EPSS advise otherwise, e.g.,

chlorates.

5.3.3 Disposal of solid pharmaceuticals (e.g., tablets and capsules) should be in

accordance with the EPSS Technical Guidelines No: 33 - the Disposal of

Outdated (redundant) Pharmaceuticals & Medicines.

5.3.4 Small quantities of some liquid medicinal products may be disposed of by

flushing to sewer via a water closet provided the procedure has been approved

by the EPSS. The procedure becomes more acceptable if consignments are

flushed away over a period of two to three days.

5.3.5 Disposal of large quantities of liquid pharmaceutical wastes generated, e.g., as a

result of closing down a pharmacy, shall be in accordance with the Technical

Guidelines No: 33. No large amount of liquid pharmaceuticals should be

discharged to sewer nor should pharmaceuticals be placed in garbage bin for

removal to a domestic waste landfill site.

5.3.6 For routine collections of redundant stocks, contacts should be made with the

wholesaler.

Disposal of Chemical Wastes

5.3.7 Small quantities of some chemical products may also be flushed into the sewer

system, but again, prior approval must be obtained from EPSS.

5.3.8 Chlorinated solvents, water immiscible substance such as chloroform, flammables

and water reactive chemicals should never be disposed of into the sewer.

5.3.9 Concentrated chemicals even at small quantities should never be flushed into the

sewer. Small quantities should be diluted first with water, or neutralized in the

case of acids or alkalis, and flushing away the diluted solutions in smaller

quantities over a longer period.

5.3.10 For routine collections of redundant stocks, contact should be made with the

wholesaler and the EPSS for advise on proper disposal means.

Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

5.3.11 Radioactive wastes should be stored in shielded and isolated dedicated area for

not less than 4 half-lives of the isotope in question before disposal.

5.3.12 Degraded radioactive waste should be disposed of by incineration or supervised

burial at special waste landfill with prior consent from EPSS.

5.4 DISPOSAL SYSTEM IN THE EMIRATE OF DUBAI

5.4.1 Dubai Municipality operates the central medical waste treatment and disposal

facility which is located in Jebel Ali next to the landfill area. The plant has the

facility to treat the waste arising from all the hospitals, clinics and laboratories in

Dubai.

5.4.2 The plant shall undergo periodic challenge testing to verify the effectiveness of

the treatment unit. This includes the review of operating parameters and the

application of biological efficacy testing to verify the destruction of all pathogens.

5.4.3 An auditable waste management system shall be employed at the plant to achieve

environmental, safety and performance objectives.

For Further Information Contact

Environmental Protection & Safety Section

: 206-4244 Fax: 227-0160

DUBAI MUNICIPALITY

ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT

ENVIRONMENT

PROTECTION &

SAFETY SECTION

إرشبداث فنيت

Technical Guidelines

بلديت دبي

إدارة البيــــئت

قسم حمبيت البيئت و

السالمت

Number 26

Revised April 2003

Application for Approval to Dispose of Hazardous Wastes

Background: This guideline explains the procedures for the disposal of

hazardous waste, the information and testing requirements,

and the waste acceptance policy applied at the Jebel Ali

Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility (JAHWTF) and other

Dubai Municipality approved disposal sites.

Guidelines:

Application for Hazardous Waste Disposal

1. Waste generators must apply in writing to the Environmental Protection and

Safety Section using the approved application form.

2. Waste generators must submit one original and 3 copies of any attachment.

Application forms are available from the Environmental Protection and Safety

Section.

3. In certain cases an annual disposal permit may be approved for recurrent wastes

in accordance with Technical Guideline No. 27.

4. After complying with all the requirements of the disposal, two copies of the

Approval of Waste Disposal will be forwarded to the Generator and one copy is

kept at Environmental Planning Units’ records. Following receipt of this

approval the generator has 30 days in which to deliver the waste to the disposal

site. The generator submits one copy of the approval to the Disposal Facility and

keeps the other copy for its own records.

Accompanying Information

5. Required documents and attachments to accompany the application:

a. A brief description of how the waste was produced.

b. A Material Safety Data Sheet in the case of a pure material or an

analytical report fully characterizing the nature of the waste.

6. The waste analysis should include:

a. The % of each component in the bulk waste i.e. % solids, % water and

% oil, either by mass or volume.

b. The bulk waste specific gravity or density.

c. Any other specific analysis requested by EPSS, which may be necessary

to characterize the toxic, corrosive or reactive properties of the waste.

7. Samples for hazardous waste analysis must be collected in accordance with

Technical Guideline No. 24.

Waste Acceptance Policy

8. The approval of wastes for disposal/treatment at disposal sites approved by

Dubai Municipality will generally be made in accordance with the guidelines in

Annex 1.

9. Where a waste is not acceptable for disposal, the proper handling/ treatment

procedures will be specified in a notice issued by the EPSS.

10. Waste transport to the disposal site should be carried on by an approved

transporter in accordance with Technical Guideline 50.

Import/Export of Hazardous Waste

11. Wastes, Expired Materials, or Damaged Goods which are imported into Dubai

for disposal, will not be accepted. These must be re-exported to their Country or

Emirate of generation.

12. The importation of hazardous waste into the Emirate of Dubai for use or

recycling shall only be permitted with the written approval of the Director of

Environment Department.

13. The exportation of hazardous waste from Dubai to another Emirate shall not be

permitted where such waste will be treated or disposed of to a lesser

environmental standard than that which is readily available in Dubai.

14. The export of hazardous waste from Dubai to another country outside of UAE

shall not be permitted without the written approval of the Director of the

Environment Department. The prior notification of the receiving Government

and the Federal Environmental agency should be in accordance with procedures

adopted and published by the Environment Department.

15. Locally generated wastes are those wastes that arise in Dubai from any

authorized activity of a company registered in Dubai.

16. Oil sludge carried by tankers docking in Dubai for repair works are considered to

be imported waste unless the repairs and maintenance requires cleaning the

storage chambers.

17. Any waste, damaged goods or deteriorated material arriving in Dubai ports shall

be considered imported waste and will not be accepted for disposal. Such waste

must be sent back to its place of origin. A proof of shipment on re-exportation of

such waste out of Dubai shall be submitted to EPSS.

18. Cargo that has come to Dubai in sound condition but has deteriorated beyond

beneficial use while in Dubai due to circumstances or forces outside the control

of the consignee, agent, or of Dubai Ports will be considered locally generated

waste, and therefore may be disposed of in Dubai under the procedure stated in

the Guidelines, and provided that sufficient justification and supporting

documents are submitted.

Annex 1

Waste Acceptance Policy

Acceptance Code

Secure Landfill 1

Waste Oil or oil sludge treatment 2

Waste water treatment 3

Solids stabilization 4

Solvent Reclamation 5

Incineration 6

Special disposal 7

Class of Waste Preferred Disposal

Route

Notes/Other Disposal Routes

Asbestos wastes Acceptable (1) Wastes should be in bags or

should be a spadable solid with

no free water.

Oil sludge and waste oil Acceptable (1)

In small quantities were

contamination precludes

treatment

Acceptable (2)

Carbon wastes Acceptable (1) Provided waste is contained in

secure plastic bags

Aluminum smelter pot

linings

Acceptable (1)

Paint sludge Acceptable (1) Provided solvents have been

recovered and the material is a

spadable solid.

Industrial waste water Acceptable (3) and (1)

in accordance with notes

* Acceptable provided:

a. Waste is unsuitable for

disposal to sewer

b. A waste minimization plan

has been implemented.

c. The generator has taken all

practicable steps to reduce

the concentration of

hazardous components.

* Disposal Route (3) is

preferred.

Flammable Organic

solvents (FP< 60oC)

Not acceptable for

landfilling

(5) (7) Acceptable

Treatment plant sludges Acceptable (1) Wastes must be dewatered to

form a solid filter cake.

Elutriation testing must be

conducted for heavy metals.

Stabilization required in some

cases (4)

Heavy metal wastes Acceptable Wastes may have to be

stabilized (3) and (4)

PCB wastes Not accepted for

disposal in Dubai (7)

Organochlorine wastes

excluding contaminated

soil

Not accepted for

disposal in Dubai (7)

Waste pesticides Acceptable (1) Only certain materials may be

accepted for landfill where

rapid degradation can be

demonstrated. Organo chlorine

will only be accepted where

active concentration is less than

100 ppm.

Waste chemical

containers

Acceptable (1) Provided all particable steps

have been taken to reduce

hazardous residues and the

containers are rendered unfit

for further use.

Resins/Polymers Acceptable (1)

Contaminated Soil Acceptable (1) Provided contaminant levels do

not exceed any other

limitations in this policy.

Medical waste Specialized facility

preferred

Acceptable (1)

Provided burial is immediate

supervised by the generator or

disposer.

Waste chemicals Acceptable (1) Provided:

a. Chemicals do not contain

any highly reactive

explosive or highly

flammable or toxic

materials.

b. Chemicals segregated

according to class and

deposited by careful

placement in the landfill.

Expired

pharmaceuticals

Acceptable (1)

Radioactive wastes Not acceptable (7) Wastes must be stored and

permitted to decay under

controlled conditions.

Inks, dyes, pigments,

lacquers

Acceptable (1) Provided all steps are taken to

minimize or solidify the

wastes.

Explosive wastes Not acceptable (7) Contact Dubai Police

Acidic/alkaline wastes Acceptable (1) & (4)

Acceptable (3)

a. Provided pH of solid

material is not outside the

range 2 -10 .

b. Liquid wastes must be

neutralized to limits of

6-9

Any other class of waste Considered on a case by case

basis.

Further Information may be obtained from

Environment Protection and Safety Section

Ph: 04-2064244 Fax: 04-2270160

DUBAI MUNICIPALITY

ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT

ENVIRONMENT

PROTECTION &

SAFETY SECTION

إرشادات فنية

Technical Guidelines

بلديت دبي

إدارة البيــــئت

قسم حمبيت البيئت و

السالمت

Number 50 Revised: April 2003

Requirements for the Transport of Hazardous Wastes

Background:

Dubai Municipality requires that any person who transports any hazardous waste within

the Emirate of Dubai must obtain a written approval from the Environment Protection

& Safety Section of Dubai Municipality. This Guideline specifies the requirements for

approving vehicles for the transport of hazardous wastes.

Guidelines:

1.0 General

1.1 These guidelines and procedures are applicable for the control of transportation by

road of any hazardous waste within the Emirate of Dubai.

1.2 Waste transporters must have a valid business license in Dubai to engage in

handling and transportation of hazardous waste.

1.3 All vehicles in use for transportation of hazardous waste must be road worthy,

registered with the Dubai Police and must have a Hazardous Waste Transport Permit

issued by the Environment Protection & Safety Section (EPSS).

1.4 Waste transporters must complete EnvForm Haz 6 - the Application to Use a

Vehicle for the Transport of Hazardous Waste (Annex 1) and submit this to the EPSS to

obtain an annual permit for each vehicle intended for use in transporting hazardous

waste.

1.5 Holders of a hazardous waste transport permit must abide by the conditions of the

permit which in particular stipulates that the permitted vehicle shall only be used to

carry hazardous waste and any categories of hazardous waste other than which it has

been approved for shall only be carried after prior written consent from EPSS.

1.6 No hazardous waste shall be transported from the place of generation without

written approval issued by the EPSS. Approval of hazardous waste for disposal shall be

in accordance with the EPSS Technical Guideline No. 26 or No. 27.

1.7 All drivers of vehicles transporting hazardous waste shall be given MSDS sheets or

equivalent from the generator which should mention in particular any appropriate

instructions about the nature and dangers of the load being carried and the hazards

involved with any spills, personal exposure, and emergency procedures.

1.8 Medical waste shall be subject to special requirements as described in the Code of

Practice on the Management of Medical Wastes from Hospitals and Related Health

Care Premises in Dubai, and as summarized in Section 2 of this guideline.

2.0 Collection and handling of medical waste

2.1 All staff handling bags of medical waste should be trained to:

i. understand the special problems related to handling of all types of

medical wastes including used sharps;

ii. always wear heavy-duty gloves when handling medical waste;

iii. check that bags are securely sealed;

iv. handle bags by neck only;

v. be able to identify the bag and ensure that the origin of the waste is

clearly marked on the bag;

vi. check the integrity of the seal of the bags when movement is complete;

vii. know the procedure in the case of accidental spillage and to report

promptly such incidents;

viii. be aware that wastes should not be re-bagged, except under

supervision by a Senior Medical Staff, in the event of a bag failure.

2.2 Staff handling medical waste should be provided with the use of heavy duty gloves,

industrial apron or leg protectors and industrial “Wellington” boots or equivalent type.

Emergency personal protective outfits must be available at all times in the transport

vehicle for emergency spill response. This must include suitable overalls, masks,

disposable gloves and eye protectors.

2.3 A full course of anti-tetanus, Hepa- B, serum and feces carried disease

immunization must be considered for all staff carrying out the medical waste handling

operations.

2.4 Transporters handling medical waste must have a contingency plan to deal with any

spillage and cases when the container of waste is damaged or ruptured.

2.5 Medical wastes in bags must be transported in closed containers.

2.6 The transporter shall ensure that staff are aware of the proper color coding for

medical waste specified in the Code and shall not remove or handle waste which is

improperly bagged.






2.7 Transporters shall ensure that sharps wastes are only handled if they are contained

in a special box, which meets the following criteria:

i. Made of strong, rigid, puncture-proof materials.

ii. Impermeable and able to be permanently sealed once it is full or ready for

disposal (or at intervals of not more than one week).

iii. Fitted with non-removable lid with an aperture that prevents removal of sharps

waste once dropped in the box.

iv. Preferably yellow in color and marked with the biohazard symbol and the words

“DANGER - USED SHARPS” on the exterior.

v. Should be of size suitable for handling or carrying single handedly and fitted with

a safe handle for that purpose.

vi. Provision for the generator to clearly mark the sharp box with the name of the

institution from which it arises.

2.8 Provision should be made for ability to mark and label any trolleys or containers

with the name of the institution from which it arises and transporters must ensure that

such marking is carried out.

2.9 Containers used to transport medical waste must be suitable for handling at the DM

Central Medical Waste Treatment Facility. The following specifications shall be

applied.

i. Containers may be 240-liter waste bins in the case of smaller generators up to 1.5

m3 trolleys with dimensions not exceeding 1.2 L x 0.725 W x 1.6 H where the trolley has a

removable front panel.

ii. Containers must be dedicated to the collection of medical wastes only and should

not be used for moving other items, (thus avoiding possible contamination of food and

supplies).

iii. Containers must be easily cleaned and disinfected by the steam sterilization system

that will be used in the DM central medical waste treatment facility for the cleaning of the

containers prior to their collection and re-use.

iv. Other specifications may be approved by the EPSS if they are functional, safe and

suitable for the disposal facility.

3.0 Safe Transportation of Hazardous Waste

3.1 Hazardous waste must transported in a secure manner. The vehicle and waste

container must be sealed completely so that no leakage would occur during

transportation.

3.2 Two or more kinds of incompatible wastes shall not be loaded together in a single

vehicle. Incompatible wastes are those materials that when mixed there would be a risk

of violent reaction or fire, generate a harmful gas, or render the materials more

dangerous to deal with.

3.3 Hazardous waste shall be disposed off only to an approved site or facility as

specified in the waste disposal approval.

3.4 In case of a road accident the driver or operator must notify EPSS / Dubai

Municipality immediately within two hours by telephone or radio stating the location

and nature of the accident.

3.5 Vehicles must be designed and maintained in accordance with the requirements

specified in Annex 3 of this Technical Guideline.

3.6 Transport container must be designed to hold its load without risk of spillage or

damage to the vehicle. The vehicle and waste container should be able to contain the

load safely in case of an accident.

3.7 All waste transport vehicles must carry at all times safety equipment and provisions

to manage any accidents or spills involving hazardous waste. The equipment shall

include but not limited to the following: safety gloves, boots, cover-all attire, scooping

tools or spade, absorbent materials, rigid plastic or metal containers with lid, spare

sacks of appropriate material and appropriate fire extinguishers.

4.0 Waste Identification and Documentation

4.1 Hazardous Waste

i) For Generators who have applied on a “ per consignment ” basis each load of

hazardous waste being transported must be accompanied by the following forms. The

original of these forms must be handed to the Supervisor at the disposal site upon

delivery of the waste loads.

“ Application for Disposal of Hazardous Waste ” (Haz Form 1)

“ Hazardous Waste Approval Declaration ” (Haz Form 3)

A letter addressed to the Supervisor of the Disposal Site issued

upon payment of disposal fees by Dubai Municipality.

ii) For Generators who hold a valid annual permit for the disposal of hazardous waste

the transporter must carry the following forms and hand them over to the Supervisor at

the disposal site upon delivery of the waste loads.

Copy of Valid Annual Disposal Permit

“ Waste Generation Certificate ” ( HazForm 2 )

4.2 Medical Waste

Each load of medical waste transported to the Central Medical Waste Treatment facility

in Jebel Ali shall be accompanied with the following forms for handing over to the

Supervisor at the treatment facility upon delivery of the waste load.

“Medical Waste Generation Record” (MedForm 1), see Annex 5.

“Medical Waste Deposit Record” (MedForm 2), see Annex 6.

5.0 Vehicle Permits

5.1 All vehicles transporting hazardous waste shall be placarded on both sides and

rear. The placard must be marked with relevant hazard symbol and word identifying

the load. The symbol and words shall be bold and readable from at least 30 meters

away. Please refer to Annex 2 for size, shape, and wording of the placard required.

5.2 All vehicles intended for use in transporting hazardous waste must have a valid

“Approved Transporter for Hazardous Waste” sticker affixed visibly on its

front windshield. This sticker, copy shown in Annex 4, is issued by the

Environmental Protection & Safety Section to approved vehicles and is valid for

one year.

5.3 The name, address and telephone number of the operator shall be clearly

marked on the vehicle.

6.0 Inter-Emirates Transportation

6.1 Transportation or import of hazardous waste to Dubai from other Emirates for

the purpose of disposal is prohibited.

6.2 Transportation or export of locally generated waste to other Emirates is not

allowed if the waste is going to be disposed of in a manner which would be to a

lesser standard than what is readily available in Dubai.

6.3 Import or export of hazardous waste from or to other Emirates for reasons other

than disposal must have a prior written approval of the Director General of

Dubai Municipality.

FOR MORE INFORMATION OR CLARIFICATIONS CONTACT

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION & SAFETY SECTION

Tel: 2064244 / 2064256 Fax: 2270160

Annex 1

DUBAI MUNICIPALITY

ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT Environment Protection & Safety Section

Tel.: 2064244, 2064245 Fax.: 2270160

HazForm 5

Application to Use a Vehicle for the Transport of Hazardous Wastes

Application No Date / / 200

Company Name

Office Location P.O.Box

Trade License No (attach copy) Tel.

Contact Person Fax.

Vehicle Description:

Registration No. Type and Model Load Capacity

Year first Registered

Haz Waste Type (see Code)

Waste Transport Code : A - Acid, Alkali or corrosive waste B - Liquid hazardous waste (wastewater) C - Solid hazardous waste (general) D - Wastes which present a dust hazard E1 - Liquid Oily Waste E2- Waste Oil sludge F - Flammable waste; Waste solvent G - Reactive waste; Chemical waste H - 1 Clinical Waste H - 2 Pharmaceutical waste

Annex 2 Placarding Particulars

The following particulars shall be displayed in the placard for the respective type of waste on all vehicles used for transporting hazardous waste.

The color of the placard should be black lettering over a white background.

The size of the placard is 40 cm wide and 150 cm long (special permission could be obtained for the placard size to suit the vehicle).

The placard should be divided lengthwise by a line along the midpoint where Arabic characters (as shown below) are written on the upper part and equivalent in English below.

Crosswise a line should divide the length of the placard into two at 30 cm from the left end and 120 cm from right end as shown in the figures (not to scale) below.

Placarding for Solid Waste

3077رقن األهن الهجحدة هواد خطرة بيئيًب ( نفبيبث صمبت)

UN No. 3077 Environmentally Hazardous Substances

(Solid Waste)

Placarding for Liquid Waste

3082رقن األهن الهجحدة هواد خطرة بيئيًب ( نفبيبث سبئمت)


(Liquid Waste)

Placarding for Acid / Alkali Acid

1760رقن األهن الهجحدة هواد خطرة بيئيًب ( سوائل أكبلت)


(Corrosive Liquid N.O.S)

Placarding for Oily Waste

1268رقن األهن الهجحدة هواد خطرة بيئيًب ( ايبث زيجيتنف)


(Waste Oil)

Placarding for Waste Solvents

1993 الهجحدة رقن األهن هواد خطرة بيئيًب " ( غير هحددة"سوائل قببمت لالشجعبل )


(Flammable Liquid N.O.S)

Placarding for Pharmaceutical Waste

3249و 1851رقن األهن الهجحدة هواد خطرة بيئيًب " ( سبئمت و صمبت"أدويت سبهت )

UN No. 1851 & 3249 Environmentally Hazardous Substances

(Toxic Medicine “Liquid & Solid” N.O.S)

Placarding for Medical Waste

ألهن الهجحدة رقن ا3291

هواد خطرة بيئيًب " ( غير هحددة"نفبيبث طبيت )


(Clinical Waste “Unspecified” N.O.S)

Placarding for Radioactive Material

رقن األهن الهجحدة 2910

هواد خطرة بيئيًب "( غير هحددة"هواد هشعت )


(Radioactive Material N.O.S)

Annex 3 Requirements for Vehicles Transporting Hazardous Waste

Waste Code

Waste Class Requirements

A

Acid or Alkali

The vehicle must be resistant to corrosion against contact with acidic or alkali

wastes resulting from spills or leaks which may occur during handling or

transport. This can be accomplished by the installation of a catch tray coated

with plastic or synthetic liner.

B

Liquid

Hazardous

In drums, the tray of the vehicle must be able to contain without leakage a

volume equivalent to the largest volume drum being transported.

In bulk, the discharge pipes must be fitted with screw on caps to stop any leaks.

C

General Solid

Hazardous

The vehicle must be equipped to enable a cover securely placed over the load.

D

Wastes with

Dust Hazards

The internal compartment must be smooth so that no bag gets punctured.

The vehicle must be equipped to enable a cover securely placed over the load to

prevent any possible emission of windblown dust.

E

Oil Sludge

As for flammable waste.

F

Flammable

T

The exhaust pipe must discharge horizontally.

All wiring must be in a good condition. The vehicle must be equipped with an

auto-isolation switch to shut off all electrical systems in the event of an accident.

The vehicle must carry a dry chemical fire extinguisher of not less than 10kg.

G

Reactive

The vehicle must carry a dry chemical fire extinguisher of not less than 10kg.

The load must be able to be secured against any vibration resulting from

transport.

H - 1

Clinical

Purpose designed vehicles should have the following features in common:

- An adequate size, having a body with a minimum high of 2.1 m.

- A bulkhead should separate the driver’s cabin from the rest of the body and be

designed to retain the load if the vehicle is involved in a >29 km/h collision.

- A system to secure the load during transport should be provided.

- A secure compartment should be provided to carry a supply of plastic bags,

protective clothing, cleaning tools, disinfectants and hand cleaning materials.

- The internal surface of the body should be lined so as to be smooth with all

corners smooth/covered for easy cleaning. The standard of the internal finish

should be suitable for stream and chemical cleaning process.

- Open-top skip should not be used for the transportation of medical waste.

H - 2

Pharmaceutical

As per general solid hazardous waste (Waste Class “C”)

Annex 4

EPSS Sticker for Approved Vehicles for the Transportation of Hazardous Waste

All vehicles approved for the transportation of hazardous waste under Technical

Guideline No: 50 must display the “Approved Transporter of Hazardous Waste”

sticker, shown below, issued by the Environmental Protection & Safety Section

(EPSS).

Where the figure 200X represents the valid year of the sticker.

ANNEX 2

DATA ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL WASTES GENERATION

“Medical Waste Statistics”

“Annual Generation of Medical Wastes”

“Medical Waste Percentage (%) Increase”

“Medical Waste Generation Sources”

Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total % increase

Year Hospital (Total)

2000 Private 10,386 10,238 9,801 10,002 11,552 9,121 10,446 9,166 9,810 11,433 12,047 9,923 123,923

Government 27,840 27,220 31,140 31,820 33,630 28,710 33,290 31,160 30,510 31,380 33,460 28,310 368,470

Total 38,226 37,458 40,941 41,822 45,182 37,831 43,736 40,326 40,320 42,813 45,507 38,233 492,393

2001 Private 12,665 12,060 12,263 14,383 13,992 14,633 14,099 12,250 13,414 16,131 13,955 15,042 164,885

Government 34,230 30,330 29,610 33,630 32,070 29,500 32,070 28,920 30,780 33,130 29,640 28,700 372,610

Total 46,895 42,390 41,873 48,013 46,062 44,133 46,169 41,170 44,194 49,261 43,595 43,742 537,495 9.16

2002 Private 16,085 14,318 16,453 16,040 17,316 16,518 16,779 14,834 17,119 18,960 18,033 18,050 200,501

DPH & MS 32,990 26,730 30,990 31,420 30,380 32,130 32,820 30,320 31,760 33,960 32,000 32,250 377,750

MOH (Al Baraha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 470 600

Total 49,075 41,048 47,443 47,460 47,696 48,648 49,599 45,154 48,879 52,920 50,163 50,770 578,851 7.69

2003 Private 19,239 17,195 24,457 20,469 21,029 22,110 19,913 20,407 21,229 23,415 20,887 23,591 253,940

DPH & MS 33,390 28,860 36,370 35,970 33,750 35,900 35,040 32,400 30,340 33,510 35,700 36,820 408,050

MOH (Al Baraha) 1,150 1,150 1,470 1,940 2,760 2,180 3,130 2,970 2,530 2,960 2,270 3,830 28,340

Total 53,779 47,205 62,297 58,379 57,539 60,190 58,083 55,777 54,099 59,885 58,857 64,241 690,330 19.26

2004 Private 21,608 21,088 25,067 22,399 25,832 24,645 23,937 21,935 26,124 24,775 23,218 25,523 286,151

DPH & MS 32,310 33,080 38,450 32,490 38,560 34,140 32,000 32,850 34,570 36,050 32,140 34,570 411,210

MOH (Al Baraha) 2,390 2,420 2,870 2,470 2,760 3,010 2,600 3,400 3,730 3,630 2,010 3,410 34,700

Total 56,308 56,588 66,387 57,359 67,152 61,795 58,537 58,185 64,424 64,455 57,368 63,503 732,061 6.05

2005 Private 26,557 24,077 27,693 29,785 29,149 30,121 29,796 30,892 28,766 31,813 31,558 34,224 354,431

DPH & MS 37,800 34,050 38,400 37,050 38,010 36,620 42,030 44,570 40,930 45,570 47,940 47,450 490,420

MOH (Al Baraha) 4,020 2,870 3,210 3,240 3,530 1,510 1,680 1,500 1,070 650 660 670 24,610

Total 68,377 60,997 69,303 70,075 70,689 68,251 73,506 76,962 70,766 78,033 80,158 82,344 869,461 18.77

2006 Private 30,833 34,557 38,278 39,290 41,100 35,218 38,657 34,412 36,595 35,050 39,445 40,923 444,358

DPH & MS 47,140 46,960 50,070 53,430 56,360 54,610 63,550 59,520 60,430 60,150 68,480 72,886 693,586

MOH (Al Baraha) 690 610 690 900 1,550 1,540 1,650 1,130 920 680 820 830 12,010

Total 78,663 82,127 89,038 93,620 99,010 91,368 103,857 95,062 97,945 95,880 108,745 114,639 1,149,954 32.26

Medical Waste SourcesEmirate of Dubai

( in kilograms)

Year

2001

2000

2002

2005

2003

2004

2006

ANNEX 3

MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR SPECIFICATION

1

Technical Specifications of

VERTICAL INCINERATORⓇ

800kg / hr × 1 unit (Double Bag filter)

1

Technical Specifications

Paragraph I : Main Characteristics

1. Incineration Capacity

1) Nominal Capacity

800 kg / hr x 1 unit

* The above incineration capacity can be achieved when the lower calorific value

of wastes is 16,744 kJ/kg (4,000 kcaℓ/kg).

2) Composition of Wastes

(1) Treatable Wastes and their Volume

Medical and Pathological

(Maximum measurements: smaller than 700 mm)

(2) Composition of Wastes LOWER CALORIFIC VALUE OF WASTES (kJ／kg)

(kcaℓ／kg)16,744 (4,000)

WASTES INCINERATION RATE (kg／ｈr) 800

MOISTURE (％) 20

COMBUSTIBLES (％) 65 COMPOSITION OF WASTES ASH (％) 15

2

2. Number of Furnaces

1 unit

3. Type of Furnace

Vertical Furnace

4. Operation Hours

Continuous Operation Hours / Day: 24 hours

Annual Operation Days: 330 days

5. Maximum Allowable Emission Limit

Air Pollutant

Max. Allowable Emission Limit (mg/Nm3)

Total suspended particulates (TSP)

10 （daily average） 30 （half-hourly average）

Carbon monoxide (CO)


Nitrogen oxides (as NO2)


Sulphur dioxide (SO2)


Hydrogen chloride (HCl)


Hydrogen fluoride (HF)


Total volatile organic compounds (as total organic carbon, TOC)


Cadmium & it’s compounds (as Cd) Total (0.1) Thallium & it’s compounds (as Tl) Total (0.1) Mercury & it’s compounds (as Hg) 0.1 Antimony & it’s compounds (as Sb) Arsenic & it’s compounds (as As) Chromium & it’s compounds (as Cr) Cobalt & it’s compounds (as Co) Copper & it’s compounds (as Cu) Lead & it’s compounds (as Pb) Manganese & it’s compounds (as Mn) Nickel & it’s compounds (as Ni) Tin & it’s compounds (as Sn) Vanadium & it’s compounds (as V)

Total (0.1)

Dioxins & furans 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3

3

6. Conditions of Location

1) Installation Site: Jebel Ali, Dubai

2) Power Supply: The primary power source for the high-voltage receiving transformer installation should be provided by the Buyer to supply power to the Plant.

3) Service Water: Well Water

4) Fuel: Kerosene

4

Paragraph II : Outline of the Incinerator Installation Work

1. Designing Fundamentals

1) Incinerating Capacity: 800 kg / hr x 1 unit

2) Treatable Wastes: Medical and Pathological

3) Planning Calorific Value: 16,744 kJ/kg (4,000 kcaℓ/kg)

4) Calorific Value Reduction: Less than 5%

5) Waste Receiving/Supplying Equipment: conveyor system

6) Ash Discharging Equipment: Ash container

7) Furnace Temperature: More than 850°C

8) Retention Time in the Second: More than 2 seconds Combustion Chamber

9) Maximum Allowable Emission Limit: The emission limit mentioned in 5 Section of Paragraph I shall be met.

5

2. Equipment Specifications

NAME SPECIFICATIONS QTY REMARKS

1. Waste Receiving/Supplying Equipment

1) Weighing Machine Out of mandate 1 unit

2) Refuse Feeder Approx. 1.0 t/h, 11 kW 1 unit

2. Combustion Facility 1) Combustion Chamber

(excl. 2nd Combustion Chamber) 13 ㎥ 1 unit

2) 2nd Combustion Chamber 22.5 ㎥ 1 unit

Heat load in combustion

chambers (incl. second combustion

chamber) 116.3 kW/㎥ or less

3) Combustion Equipment Inside Diameter 1.2m 1 unit Hydraulic

4) Hydraulic Power Unit 150 liters 3.7kW x 2units (1 is sub-unit) 1 unit

5) Auxiliary Burner 60 liters/h 0.75 kW 1 unit Gun-type burner

6) Reheating Burner 60 liters/h 0.75 kW 1 unit Gun-type burner

7) Fuel Tank 0.9 kℓ 1 unit Outside & earth-based

8) Fuel Transfer Pump 360 ℓ/h 0.2 kW 1 unit Gear-type pump

3. Gas Cooling Equipment

1) Gas Cooling Chamber 47 ㎥ 1 unit Evaporative-load 58.14 kW/㎥ or less

2) Water Pressurizing Pump 5.8 ㎥/h 11 kW 2units (1 sub)

Multi-stage turbine pump

3) One-Fluid Spraying Nozzle 600 liters/h x 6nozzles 1 unit Reflux nozzle

4) Two- Fluid Spraying Nozzle 300 liters/h x 6 nozzles 1 unit Two-fluid nozzle 5) Air Compressor for Two-Fluid

Spray 6.1 ㎥/min 37 kW 2 units (1 sub) Screw type

6) Water Jet Tank More than 7 ㎥ (more than 2hours) 1 unit

4. Exhaust Gas Treatment Equipment

1) Dust Collector (Bag Filter) 2 units Pre-coated

(1) Amount of Exhaust Gas 13,710 N ㎥/h

(2) Temperature Below 200°C

(3) Site Area Approx. 323 ㎥

(4) Filtration Speed Approx. 1.2 m/min

2) Slaked lime Tank Slaked lime Tank 18 ㎥ Activated carbon tank 6 ㎥ 1 unit

3) Slaked Lime Feeder Max. 90 kg/h 0.75kW x 1 unit 1 set

6


4) Activated Carbon Feeder Max. 2 kg/h 0.2kW x 1 unit 1 set

5) Blower for Feeder 4.5 ㎥/min 3.7 kW 1 unit Slaked lime, activated carbon

5. Draft Equipment

1) Forced-Draft Fan 3,600 N ㎥/h 3.43 kPa 7.5 kW 1 unit

2) Secondary Forced-Draft Fan 5,800 N ㎥/h 3.43 kPa 11 kW 1 unit

3) Air Preheater Heating area 12m2 1 unit Integrated second combustion chamber

4) Air Duct Steel plate welding type 1 set Hot section insulation

5) Gas Duct Steel plate welding type 1 set

6) Induced Draft Fan 15,100 N ㎥/h 4.61 kPa 55 kW 1 unit

7) Stack

13,710 N ㎥/h × 1 unit Height 19.5 m Exhausting Speed slower than 25 m/s

1 set

6. Ash Discharging Equipment

1) Conveyor under Furnace 1 ton/h 0.75kW 1 unit Chain type

2) Dust Discharging Device 0.5 ton/h 1.5 kW 1 set Chain type

3) Dust Humidifier 150 kg/h 2.2 kW 1 unit

4) Ash Container More than 4 ㎥ (more than 1day) 1 unit

5) Tailings Container More than 7 ㎥ (more than 1day) 1 unit

7. Water Supply Equipment

1) Cooling Water Pump 6 ㎥/h 1.5 kW 2 units (1 sub)

8. Wastewater Treatment Equipment

1) Ash Wastewater Tank More than 15m3 1 unit More than 15m3

2) Ash Wastewater Pump 6 ㎥/h 2.2 kW 1 unit

9. Other Equipment

1) Spares/Consumable Articles 1 set For one year

2) Tools 1 set

7


10. Electric Instrumentation Equipment

1) High-Voltage Receiving

Transformer Installation 1 set

2) Central Supervising Control Panel 1 panel

The Incinerator to be installed beside the

panel.

3) Power Control Panel 1 panel Intermediate control device is built in the

panel. 4) Uninterruptible power system 1 set

5) Automation Equipment 1 set (1) Temperature of Exhaust

Gas at the Exit of the Furnace

(2) Temperature of Exhaust Gas at the Entrance of the Furnace

(3) Furnace Pressure

6) Pollution Monitoring Equipment

(1) HCℓ Analyzer 1 unit

(2) NOx, SOx, CO, O2 Analyzer 1 unit

(3) Soot and Dust Analyzer 1 unit

For the furnace monitoring 1 unit For monitoring the inlet of the wastes supplying equipment 1 unit

7) Monitoring Television For monitoring the refuse chute at the entrance of the furnace

1 unit

8) Monitor 1 unit Indication - Type

3. Field Work A Complete Set

8

4. Estimated Annual Maintenance Expenses (for Your Reference)

- Incineration Capacity: 800 kg / hr x 1 unit -

Basic Calculations

1) The annual operation days shall be 330 days.

2) The density of hydrogen chloride at/around the inlet of the exhaust gas treatment facility will be around 1200ppm, and the density of sulfur oxide will be around 30ppm.

3) Those consumptions listed in the following table are estimated values for the Buyer’s reference only.

ITEMS QUANTITY CONSUMED

84 ㎥/day Water (Well Water) （4.4 ㎥/ ton）

Auxiliary Fuel (Kerosene) 2,880 l/ｙｅａｒ

2,880 kw/day Electric Power

(150 kw/ton) 833 kg/day

Slaked Lime （43.4 kg/ ton）

33 kg/day Exhaust Gas Treatment

Activated Carbon （1.7 kg/ ton）

※（）indicates consumption quantity per ton of waste.

ANNEX 4

OVERALL RANKING AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF

TENDER SUBMISSIONS

MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR

Capacity Total

compliance with standards 10% annual operating cost 10%service life of

equipment3%

APC 10% annual maintenance cost 10% warranty period 2%

with CEMS/COMS 5% availability of spare parts 5%

tech'l. assistance after warranty 5%

combustion efficiency

(time => 2 secs; temp.

= 950 - 1,300 C,

adequate mixing)

8%less than 75% of DM

standards10%

annual operating cost < = 3% of

equipment cost10%

service life of

equipment > 10

years

3% < 15M 5%

ash removal

(mechanical)4%

less than 95% of DM

standards8%

annual operating cost > 3 < 5 % of

equipment cost5%

service life of

equipment < 10

years

1% 15M-20M 3%

waste loading

(mechanical)4% meets DM standards 5%

annual maintenance cost < = 2% of

equipment cost10%

warranty period >1

year2% > 20M 2%

plant control (PLC) 4% APC 10%annual operating cost > 2 < 5 % of

equipment cost5%

warranty period =

1 year1%

with CEMS/COMS 5%availability of spare parts after

warranty period5%

more than 30 similar

plants3%

company technical assistance after

warranty period5%

1(DOME/BMEI) 5 51 4

2(CET) 5 56 2

4 (Rentec-1st Offer) 5 53 3

5 (Duttco Tennnat-2nd

Offer)5 48 57

5

1

1 5

can process up

to 12.9 t/d

(2017)

7 5

10

5% 100%

5

5

Rank


plants in GCC,

European and other

developed countries

7%

1

15

1

Technology Others Plant Cost

5

Environmental Compliance

15

5

15

15

10

Company Profile

10%

5%

15

Operation and Maintenance

15

15

20

10

10

3(Emirates

Trading/Plantec)5 75120 220 7

Weight System for Ranking (Main Offers)

New Support Unit for Medical Waste Treatment in Jebel Ali ED 2005-01

5% 20% 10%

Company

25%


plants in GCC,

European and other

developed countries

30%

ANNEX 5

COST COMPARISON

Total Project CostEquipment

Cost

Emirates Trading

Agency (ETA)Vertical Incinerator

Main Offer (single bag filter)

Vertical Incinerator

(double bag filter)

Rentec

Main Offer

Option 1 Sterilization System 3Ts Intl./UK LFB 12-5 SF52 6,440,000 3,900,000

Option 2

(Upgrading of existing

RD 500 + Option 1)

Pyrolitic incineration +

Sterilization System 3Ts Intl./UK

RD 500 + LFB 12-5

SF5213,790,000 9,750,000

Dutco Tenant

Main Offer

Proposal Cost (Dirhams)

Cost ComparisonNew Support Unit for Medical Waste Treatment in Jebel Ali

ED 2005-01

ModelCompany Technology Manufacturer

Alternative Offer Belgium Incinerator Co./

BelgiumBIR 375 19,745,250

13,950,000

CA-3000 HSW-DSH

7,744,070Incineration (rotary kiln

system)

Beijing Machinery & Electricity

Institute (BMEI) Co. Ltd./China

Plantec/MitsubishiJapan

3

8,384,528

(Includes shipping & installation

cost. No civil, electrical, mechanical

works & other costs indicated.)

15,255,821

1Dome International

LLC

16,387,10123,117,075.00

STI 2000

14,996,967

21,935,796

11,319,000

HZY-750

17,790,000

5

WR2/USA

4

Incineration (rotary kiln

system)

Autoclaving (using low

pressure steam)

2

Conversion

Environmental

Technology

IncinerationAdvanced Combustion

Systems/USA

Incineration

Plantec/MitsubishiJapan

RD 1000

IncinerationAlternative Offer

Pyrolitic incineration 3Ts Intl./UK

ANNEX 6

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST COMPARISON

IHWTF:Incinerator 1/1 12-04-2010

OPN TIME, Hrs/Yr

Waste Processed, TPY

CONSUMABLES Cost/Unit Unit/Yr** AED/Yr Unit/Yr AED/Yr Unit/Yr AED/Yr Unit/Yr AED/Yr Unit/Yr AED/Yr CONSUMABLES

Fuel (diesel), liter/yr 3.00 209,851.0 629,553.00 118,800 356,400.00 2,880.0 8,640.00 25,200 75,600.00 71,494.0 214,482.00 Fuel (diesel), liter/yr

NaHCO3, kg/yr 1.44 64,771.0 93,270.24 49,995 71,992.80 NaHCO3, kg/yr

Lime kg/yr 4.20 51,084 214,552.80 91,661.0 384,976.20 21,094.0 88,594.80 Lime kg/yr

Actvtd Carbon kg/yr 10.00 9,247 92,470.00 3,590.0 35,900.00 7,005 70,050.00 898.0 8,980.00 Actvtd Carbon kg/yr

Carbamide, kg/yr 0.88 13,207 11,622.16 Carbamide, kg/yr

Water, M3/yr 10.00 187.2 1,872.00 3,556 35,560.00 9,292.8 92,928.00 400 4,000.00 3,999.0 39,990.00 Water, M3/yr

Power, kWH - year 0.20 190,944.0 38,188.80 355,212 71,042.40 237,600.0 47,520.00 199,500 39,900.00 252,001.0 50,400.20 Power, kWH - year

762,884.04 781,647.36 569,964.20 261,542.80 402,447.00 ANNUAL Operating Cost, AED

RENTEC: 407.52 DOME: 394.77 ETA: 269.87 DUTCO: 174.36 CET: 269.02Cost /Ton Waste Processed,

AED/Ton (Ex Staff salary)

OPN TIME, Hrs/Yr

Waste , TPH - TPY** 0.8 1,872 0.75 1,980 0.8 2,112 0.75 1,500 0.7 1,496

Consumables/Ton Waste unit cost per ton Year per ton Yaer per ton Year per ton Year per ton Year

Fuel (diesel), liter/ton-yr* 2.51 112.1 209,851 60 118,800 2880* 2,880 17 25,200 47.8 71,494 Fuel (diesel), liter/ton-yr*

NaHCO3, kg 1.44 34.6 64,771 33.33 49,995 NaHCO3, kg

Lime kg 4.20 0.0 25.8 51,084 43.4 91,661 14.1 21,094 Lime kg

Act Carbon, kg 10.00 0.0 4.67 9,247 1.7 3,590 4.67 7,005 0.6 898 Act Carbon, kg

Carbamide,-Urea kg 0.88 0.0 6.67 13,207 Carbamide,-Urea kg

Water, liter 0.01 100.0 187,200 1,796 3,556,080 4,400.0 9,292,800 266.67 400,005 2,673.0 3,998,808 Water, liter

Power, kWH 0.20 102.0 190,944 179.4 355,212 112.5 237,600 133 199,500 168.5 252,001 Power, kWH

NB+ ** adjusted to 8 hrs/day from original operation-capacity at 24 hrs/day operation.

RENTEC DOME

1,496

Cost /Ton Waste Processed, AED/Ton

(Ex Staff salary)

2,000

ANNUAL Operating Cost, AED

1,872 1,980 2,112 1,500

2,000

ETA

2,640

DUTCORENTEC DOME

2,6402,496

2,496 2,0002,0002,6402,640

ANNUAL CONSUMPTION AND COST ESTIMATE BASED ON PER TON OF WASTE PROCESSED

ETA CETDUTCO

CET

OpM Cost/gbb

6.4 tons/8 hrs

330 days

2,112 tons/year

cost/year cost/ton

113.00 kW/ton 238,656.00 kWh/year 0.20 /kWh 47,731.20 22.60

2,880 l/yr 2,880.00 liters/yr 3.00 /l 8,640.00 4.09

4.40 m3/ton 9,292.80 m

3/yr 10.00 m

3 92,928.00 44.00

1.7 kg/ton 3,590.40 kg/yr 10 /kg 35,904.00 17.00

43.4 kg/ton 91,660.80 kg/yr 4.2 /kg 384,975.36 182.28

570,178.56 269.97

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

yen 9,100,000 13,300,000 21,200,000 17,800,000 39,600,000 16,400,000 20,800,000 16,600,000 16,200,000 7,400,000

AED 0.03145 286,195 418,285 666,740 559,810 1,245,420 515,780 654,160 522,070 509,490 232,730

* bag filter to be replaced after 5 years

6 tons/8 hrs

330 days

1,980 tons/year

cost/year cost/ton

504,487.50 kWh/year 0.20 /kWh 100,897.50 50.96

296,010.00 liters/yr 3.00 /l 888,030.00 448.50

264.00 m3/yr 10.00 /m

3 2,640.00 1.33

91,410.00 kg/yr 1.44 /kg 131,630.40 66.48

792.00 pcs/yr 12 /pc 9,504.00 4.80

1,132,701.90 572.07

no GAC? -for dioxin

capacity = 750 kg/hr = 6 tons/8 hrs

330 days

1,980 tons/year

cost/year cost/ton

383,628.96 kWh/yr 0.20 /kWhr 76,725.79 38.75

133,483 l/yr 3.00 /liter 400,449.42 202.25

3,556,080.00 l/yr 0.01 /liter 35,560.80 17.96

51,150.00 kg/yr 4.2 /kg 214,830.00 108.50

10,000.00 kg/yr 10 /kg 100,000.00 50.51

13.2 tons/yr 880 /ton 11,616.00 5.87

839,182.01 423.83

Equipment Cost = 7,744,070

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

309,763 309,763 309,763 774,407 774,407 774,407 774,407 774,407 774,407 774,407

Maintenance Cost

Year

electricity

Year

water

Maintenance Cost

activated carbon

slaked lime

unit price

electricity

ETA

consumption unit priceconsumption/year

tons/year =

1 year =

fuel

consumption/year

electricity

DOME

Operating Cost

tons/year =

carbamide

Operating Cost

Operating Cost

Operation and Maintenance Cost

fuel

water

lime

activated carbon

consumption/year unit price

tons/year =

capacity = 750 kg/hr =

capacity = 800 kg/hr =

1 year =

water

NaHCO3

drums

RENTEC

1 year =

fuel

ANNEX 7

EMISSION DISCHARGE EVALUATION AND COMPLIANCE

COMPARISON

Federal Decree 12 of 2006 for Protection of Air from Pollutions

(A)rl)~

(~.)~I ~I"AI~U~ 1S~I.,)j.J.l) ~I ~I"AIo.,)~Ambient Air Quality Standards

(Air Pollutants Umits in the Ambient Air)

Max. Allowable Limits AverageSubstance Symbol(ug/Nm") Time

Sulphur Dioxide S02 350 1 hour

150 24 hour

60 1 year

Carbon Monoxide CO 30 (mg/Nm") 1 hour

10 (mg/Nnr') 8 hour

Nitrogen Dioxide N02 400 1 hour

150 24 hour

Ozone 03 200 1 hour

120 8 hour

TSP 230 24 hourTotal Suspended Particles

90 1 year

Particulate Matter (with 10PMIO 150 24 hourmicrons or less in diameter)

Lead Pb 1 1 year

Notes:1. "mg" means milligram.

2. "ug" means microgram.

3. "Nm3" means normal cubic meter, being that amount of gas which when dry,

occupies a cubic meter at a temperature of 25 degrees Centigrade and at an absolutepressure of760 millimeters of mercury (1 atm).

1(DOME) 2(CET) 3(EMIRATE) 4(RENTEC-1st Offer) 5(DUTCO-2nd Offer)

Rotary Kiln, Continuous pyrolytic, continuouspyrolytic, continuous(vert.

Furnace)semi-pyrolytic, continuous Rotary Kiln, Continuous

HZY-750/China ACS Model CA-3000HSW-DSH/USA Not Given/Japan RD-1000/UK Type BIR-375/Belgium

one unit, 750 kg/hr 0ne unit, 750 kg/hr one unit, 800 kg/hr one unit, 750 kg/hr One unit, 750 kg/hr

Fuel Oil? Diesel Oil Kerozene/Sec.Fuel-Diesel Diesel Diesel

Urea

Quenching+Scrubber(lime

)+activated carbon+bag

filters+10m stack

Wet Scrubbing+12 mstack

Gas cooling+coated bag

filter(slaked lime and activated

carbon)+9.5 m stack

Dry scrubber

(NaHCO3)+activated

carbon+ceramic filter+15m

stack

Dry

scrubber(NaHCO3)+activated

carbon+bag filter+20 m stack

CO,NOx,SO2, O2,HCl CO, NOx,SO2,opacity,O2,CO2 CO,NOx,SO2, PM,O2,HCl CO, NOx,SO2,PM,O2,HCl O2,CO,NOx,SO2,HCl,HF,Opacity

Parameter FEA Std. 1(DOME) 2(CET) 3(EMIRATE) 4(RENTEC-1st Offer) 5(DUTCO-2nd Offer)

10 (daily ave.) ? 10

30 (30 min) ? 30

50 (daily ave.) ? ? 50 ?

100 (30 min) ? ? 100 ?

200 (daily ave.) ? ? 200 ?

400 (30 min.) ? ? 400 ?

50 (daily ave.) ? 50 ?

200 (30 min.) ? 200 ?

1 (daily ave.) ? 1 ? ?

4 (30 min.) ? 4 ? ?

10 (daily ave.) 10

60(30 min.) 60

10 (daily ave.) ? ? 10 ?

20 (30 min.) ? ? 20 ?

Cd+Tl (mg/Nm3) 0.1 ? 0.16 0.1 0.1 ?

Hg (mg/Nm3) 0.1 ? 0.55 0.1 0.1 ?

Sb+As+Cr+Co+Cu+Pb+Mn

+Ni+Sn+V(mg/Nm3)

Total (1) ? ? 1 ? ?

Dioxins & Furans 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 ? 2.3 0.1 0.1 ?

Remarks

Limited data on

guaranteed/specific

emissions, removal efficiency

based on inlet concentrations

given.

no guaranteed emission for

TSP is provided.

Heavy fuel oil to be used as

auxiliary fuel?

99% removal efficiency for

HCl should be clarified.

Ammonia is an additional

emission that requires control

(urea quenching)

In the absence of clarification as to the

averaging time used for the emissions

given, TSP, SO2, dioxins & furans,HCl,

heavy metals may not comply FEA

standards as far as daily averaging is

concerned.

Compliance with all FEA standards

with two bag house system.

Suggestion made in the proposal

calls for one baghouse system since

current operating units are in

compliance with emission limits in

actual operation.

Provided emissions are not

guaranteed and incomplete.

Values shown are with activated

carbon. Use of activated

carbon is only optional in this

offer.

Limited data on emission in mg/Nm3

based on tender requirement.

Rotary kiln has turbulent primary

chamber that encourage particulate

entrainment. Heavy

metals exhibits enrichment with high

particulate. No

guaranteed emission rate for

particulate was given

TSP (mg/Nm3) 34

(1)10

(1) 99%?

SO2(mg/Nm3) 75

(1)50

(1)

HF(mg/Nm3) 4

(1)

CO(mg/Nm3) 50

(1)

NO2(mg/Nm3) 200

(1)

97%?

VOC as TOC(mg/Nm3) 10

(1)

HCl(mg/Nm3) 99%? 50

(1)10

(1)

Air Emission Evaluation and Compliance Verification: New Medical Waste Treatment Facility (Project ED-2005-01)

Presented Emission Comparisons

Model/Make

Capacity

Fuel

Emission Control (Proposed)

Emission Monitors (proposed)

Technology

Note:(1) Averaging time not indicated numbers in blue are guaranteed emissions

ANNEX 8

TERMS OF REFERENCE

1.0 Introduction

The management of medical wastes is one of the challenging tasks that accompany the growth and development of a progressive metropolis. The City of Dubai is no exception as it is experiencing a steady increase in the quantity of medical and pathological wastes due to population growth and as the city attracts more and more visitors from around the world. To cope with these challenges, medical and healthcare facilities are increased, improved and modernized and services are expanded to benefit all, not only in the urban areas but in the rural areas as well. Hence, there is an increase in medical and healthcare wastes that require proper treatment, destruction and disposal. 1.1. Waste Quantities and Sources As previously mentioned and as the graph below shows, the quantity of medical waste in the emirate requiring treatment and disposal is increasing every year. And as the Dubai HealthCare City (DHCC) is expected to be operational starting this year (2006), the quantity of medical waste will sharply increase. DHCC will have 9 hospitals with about 1,100 beds, plus about 300 health care operators by 2008.

Medical Waste Quantities

4,030

3,667

3,343

3,053

2,795

2,5652,359

690

1,188

1,519

1,864

2,1752,011

869732

579

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Year

ton

s

actual estimated

TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

Medical Waste Treatment Facility

More than 60% of the medical waste comes from government owned facilities. However, the percentage of waste from privately-owned and operated medical and healthcare facilities has been increasing every year as can be seen in the chart below. And when DHCC is operational, privately-owned facilities will be producing more than half of the total medical wastes.

Medical W aste Sources

Emirate of Dubai

124

165201

254286

354368 373 378

436 446

515

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

ton

s

Private Government

25%31%

35%

37%39%

41%75% 69%

65%

63

%

61%

59%

1.2. Existing Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal System All of the medical wastes generated in the Emirate of Dubai are treated and disposed of at the Jebel Ali Medical Waste Treatment Facility. Since 2001, the facility has been using a medical waste incinerator with a throughput capacity of 500 kg/hr. However, the actual quantity processed is only between 2,000-2,500 kilograms per day of medical waste brought to the facility. It is expected that the situation will be aggravated by the ever-increasing quantity of medical waste that needs to be treated and disposed of.

II Objectives

The main objective of the project is to ensure a clean and healthy environment in the Emirate by providing appropriate and state-of-the-art facilities for the treatment and disposal of medical wastes. Specifically, the project objectives are:

To ensure that all medical wastes generated within the Emirate of Dubai will be properly treated and disposed of;

To address the increase in quantity of medical wastes requiring treatment and disposal for a minimum period of 10 years, and;

To ensure that the methods, technologies and techniques applied for the treatment and disposal of medical and pathological wastes shall be appropriate, globally accepted, state-of-the-art, and shall meet all applicable local, Federal and international environmental laws, regulations and requirements for such facilities.

III Project Description

The main component of the project is the supply, installation and commissioning of a destruction facility for bio-medical and pathogenic wastes. It shall be on a turn-key basis, which shall include all civil, structural, mechanical and electrical drawings necessary for the installation of the equipment and all auxiliary and appurtenant facilities for effective and efficient handling and processing of the waste. The new unit shall be installed adjacent to the existing incinerator for medical wastes at the JAHWTF in Jebel Ali. 3.1 Minimum Technical Specifications At a minimum, the following technical requirements should be met: a) The plant should have a minimum throughput capacity of at least 800

kg/hr, as a single unit; b) The technology is preferred to be incineration, pyrolysis, or gasification.

However, it shall not be limited to these, and other options may be considered such as Microwave, Autoclaving, etc… with strict emphasize on low and feasible annual Operation and Maintenance Cost

c) The process of operation should be continuous; d) De-ashing or residual removal should be mechanical (automatic) to allow for

continuous operation e) Waste loading should be mechanical (automatic), with provisions for manual

loading as necessary; f) The technology should ensure complete destruction or treatment of the wastes

and a volume reduction of at least 80%. g) The technology should be able to treat mixed medical wastes with minimum need

for pre-treatment such as shredding, cutting, etc.; h) The plant should comply with the UAE Federal Environment Agency (FEA)

Emission Standards and Dubai Municipality standards for the following parameters: TSP, CO, NOx, NO2, SO2, HCl, HF,VOC, Dioxin & Furan, Total Metals, Pb, Cd, Hg. A copy of the FEA standards is attached for reference;

i) An Emission Certification for the equipment should be attached;

j) Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) and Continuous Opacity Monitoring System (COMS) should be integrated in the plant for monitoring of the flue gas for such parameters as O2, CO, particulates, Nox, Sox, opacity, etc.;

k) The COMS and CEMS as required shall at a minimum, include HCL (as CL2), SO2, Nox, CO, and O2, stack temp., CO2, opacity (%), and data acquisition system.

l) The plant should have provisions for emergency shutdowns, and; m) Aside from bio-medical wastes, the plant would preferably be capable of treating

other hazardous wastes. 3.2 Other Project Requirements a) A minimum warranty period of 1 year shall be provided, and shall cover all parts

and labor, including refractory linings; b) The company shall ensure that spare parts for the plant will be available within

the Emirate for at least 5 years after the first year of operation. Attached is a matrix of information that must be provided in the proposal. Additional relevant information should be provided, as necessary.

IV General Requirements to Prospective Companies

a) The Company should have a duly registered Office in the UAE to ensure

technical and logistics support to the facility once it is operational and at any time during the expected lifetime of the plant;

b) The Company shall provide Dubai Municipality a list of annual operational and maintenance requirements of the facility, including associated costs;

c) The Company shall include in its proposal, training to at least 3 Dubai Municipality staff/operators on the proper and efficient operation and maintenance of the plant and its auxiliary facilities. The training program shall include minor repairs that may be necessary, as well as general maintenance and calibration of the CEMS and COMS. The training duration shall be for at least 2 weeks.

d) The Company shall also provide an Operations Manual as well as Design Manual with all the details of equipments and instrumentations of the plant to guide the operators both as Hard Copy as well as Soft Copy

e) Qualified companies shall be asked to host 3 officials from DM for a site visit to any of their facilities using exactly the same technology and processes. This facility should have been commercially operating for more than 1 (one) year. The site visit shall be scheduled before contract signing.

Option The Company may include a separate offer to Dubai Municipality for the annual maintenance requirements of the facility.

V Contents of Proposals

In their submission of Tender, interested companies shall consider the requirements in all sections of this TOR and provide details of the following: a) Company Profile, indicating among others, its technical and financial capabilities

to implement the project; b) Description of similar operational projects of the Company in the GCC region and

other countries indicating the location, treatment module, capacity, date commissioned, types of wastes processed, and contact numbers/address of the operators of such plants;

c) Technical description of the proposal, indicating among others, the following:

Technical and material specifications of the plant and all its major components and auxiliary facilities;

Operating principles of the major plant components;

Civil works requirements;

Required area for the plant and its auxiliary facilities;

Plant utility requirements (ex. water, electricity, fuel, etc.)

Expected emission levels of the plant (minimum, maximum);

Quality and quantity of process residues;

Actual repairs and replacement of consumables of the emission monitoring system for at least 5 years;

Expected operational life of the plant. d) Financial description of the proposal, indicating among others, the following:

Total capital cost for the unit and installation and commissioning costs;

Monthly and yearly operational and maintenance costs of the facility for the first 3 years, and up to 10 years;

Costs of different options/configurations for the plant.

e) A description of different options/configurations for the plant (if any), including their associated costs;

f) A list of other types of wastes the plant is capable of treating/ processing; g) Construction, installation and commissioning Timetable; h) All other relevant information for Dubai Municipality to be able to conduct a

comprehensive evaluation of the proposal.

Federal Environment Agency (FEA)

Maximum Allowable Emission Limit for Hazardous and Medical Waste Incinerators

Air Pollutant Max. Allowable Emission Limit (mg/Nm3)

total suspended particulates (TSP) 10 (daily average) 30 (half-hourly average)

carbon monoxide (CO) 50 (daily average) 100 (half-hourly average)

nitrogen oxides (as NO2) 200 (daily average) 400 (half-hourly average)

sulphur dioxide (SO2) 50 (daily average) 200 (half-hourly average)

hydrogen chloride (HCl) 10 (daily average) 60 (half-hourly average)

hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1 (daily average) 4 (half-hourly average)

total volatile organic compounds (as total organic carbon, TOC)

10 (daily average) 20 (half-hourly average)

cadmium & its compounds (as Cd) Total (0.1)

thallium & its compounds (as Tl) Total (0.1)

mercury & its compounds (as Hg) 0.1

antimony & it s compounds (as Sb) arsenic & it s compounds (as As) chromium & it s compounds (as Cr) cobalt & it s compounds (as Co) copper & it s compounds (as Cu) lead & it s compounds (as Pb) manganese & it s compounds (as Mn) nickel & it s compounds (as Ni) tin & it s compounds (as Sn) vanadium & it s compounds (as V)

Total (1.0)

dioxins & furans 0.1 ng TEQ/m3

ANNEX 9

OVERALL MATRIX EVALUATION AND COMPARISON

Capacity Type of processCapacity per

burning cycle

Ash removal

systemWaste Loading

Emission

Monitoring

Emission

Compliance

at least 750

kg/hrcontinuous

<8 hrs/burning

cyclemechanical mechanical

with CEMS,

DAS

meet UAE FEA,

EPA, and EU

standards

Equipment

Cost

PLC

remote diagnostics possible

11.220 tons/16 hrs

meet EPA standards

PLC

@ 1 shift = 8 hrs remote diagnostics possible

(@ add'l. AED 20,350)

Emirates Trading

Agency (ETA)Vertical Incinerator

meet DM & FEA

standards

Main Offer(single bag filter)

(except for HCl)

Vertical Incineratormeet DM & FEA

standards

(double bag filter)

(except for HCl)

Rentec

Main Offer

Option 1Sterilization System

(using sodium

hypochlorite)

3Ts Intl./UK LFB 12-5 SF52 750 kg/hr continuous 7.2 tons/8 hrsnot applicable - no

combustionnot applicable - no ash mechanical not applicable - no combustion

not applicable - no

combustion

not applicable - no

combustionPLC 3,900,000

with grinding/shredding of the

waste; need to disposed

sterilized waste into landfills;

Option 2

(Upgrading of existing

RD 500 + Option 1)

Pyrolitic incineration +

Sterilization System

(using sodium

hypochlorite)

3Ts Intl./UKRD 500 + LFB 12-5

SF52continuous

1,100+ º C @ secondary;

2 secs; stepped hearth

to be converted from

manual to mechanicalmechanical

radiation duct; dry scrubber;

ceramic filter

flue gas emission

monitoring systemmeet FEA standards PLC 9,750,000

upgrade includes: relining of

primary chamber; provision for

new de-ashing system;

modification of PLC; overhaul

of ram loading system;

servicing of all burners;

repainting

Dutco Tenant PLC

Main Offerremote diagnostics possible

PLC

remote diagnostics possible

bag filter coated w/ slaked lime

and GACCEMS,COMS, DAS PLC

mechanicalmeet DM & FEA

standards750 kg/hr mechanical

PLC

850ºC @ primary; 850ºC -

950ºC @ secondary; 2

secs

mechanical mechanical

Autoclaving (using low

pressure steam)

Plantec/MitsubishiJapa

n

Plantec/MitsubishiJapa

n

RD 1000 PLC

Incineration

4

Pyrolitic incineration 3Ts Intl./UK

5

WR2/USA

24 hours continuos;

start up = 30mins;

shutdown = 1 hr


system)

Alternative Offer

2

3

Conversion

Environmental

Technology

Incineration

1Dome

International LLC


system)

Company Technology Manufacturer

Beijing Machinery &

Electricity Institute

(BMEI) Co. Ltd./China

meet EU & FEA

standardsHZY-750 CEMS,DASmechanical

continuous800 kg/hr

STI 2000

700ºC @ primary; 900ºC

@ secondary; > 2.4 secs;

rotary kiln

750 kg/hr

24 hours continuos;

start up = 30mins;

shutdown = 1 hr

800 kg/hr

907 kg/hr

urea solution spray; lime

slurry; settling chamber;

activated carbon; bag filter;

control of O2 content

748.43 kg/hrCA-3000 HSW-DSH

continuous mechanical

Plant controlModel

saturator; condenser/abosrber;

venturi scrubber; entrainment

separator; wet ESP; plume

suppression

CEMS,COMS, DAS

Incineration

850ºC @ primary; 850ºC -

950ºC @ secondary; 2

secs

mechanicalmechanical

Advanced Combustion

Systems/USAcontinuous

continuous

18 tons/day

mechanicalmechanical

650ºC-980ºC @ primary;

980ºC-1,090ºC @

secondary; 2.64 secs;

stepped hearth

bag filter coated w/ slaked lime

and GAC

17,790,000 13,950,000

11,319,000

8,384,528

21,935,796

6,440,000

13,790,000

not applicable - no ash mechanical

CEMS,COMS, DAS

not applicable - no combustion

15,255,821

14,996,967

not applicable - no

combustion

radiation duct; dry scrubber;

ceramic filterCEMS

CEMS,COMS, DAS

mechanical

not applicable - no

combustion

mechanical

cooling chamber; thermal oil

exchanger; dry scrubber;

activated carbon; bag filter

continuous13.5 tons/day; @ 18

hrs/day

600-900º C @ primary;

1,100+ º C @ secondary;

2 secs; stepped hearth

continuous 20.4 tons/day

treatment temperature =

96º C - 115º C @ 60

minutes

Alternative Offer Belgium Incinerator

Co./ BelgiumBIR 375 750 kg/hr

with grinding/shredding of the

waste; treated waste needs to

be tested at laboratory to verify

treatment efficiency

continuous

950 ºC @ primary;

1,100ºC - 1,200ºC @

secondary; 2 secs; rotary

kiln

with wastewater from wet

scrubber

forklift is needed for waste

loading

capacity is also advantage

emissions are within EU

standards19,745,250

16,387,10123,117,075.00

7,744,070

Remarks

Evaluation MatrixNew Support Unit for Medical Waste Treatment in Jebel Ali

ED 2005-01

Proposal Cost

(Dirhams)

Total Project Cost

Technical Specifications

APCCombustion

efficiency

ANNEX 10

PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT

DUBAI MUNICIPALITY

NEW SUPPORT UNIT FOR THE MEDICAL WASTE IN

JEBEL ALI

PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT

29th April 2009

CONTENTS

Page

1. PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURES…………………1

2. MEASUREMENT POINTS ………………………………. 3

3. TEST RESULTS …………………………………………....4

1. PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURE 1. Testing Date (Detail see attached schedule)

2009 April 28, 10:00 – 17:00 hour

2. Testing Items

1) Incineration Capacity

2) Emission Level

3. Testing Method

1) Incineration Capacity Incineration capacity is confirmed by treating four (4) hours amount of medical waste which were weighed before unloading the waste to the feeding device.

2) Emission Level

Measurement and Analysis of the test shall be carried out by the third party approved by Dubai Municipality, Environment Department.

4. Judgment

1) Incineration Capacity The waste amount treated in four (4) hours are measured, say “W1”. The amount to be divided by 4, which to be equal and larger than the rated capacity per hour (800kg/hour), say W2. W2 = W1 ÷ 4 ≧ 800 kg/hour

2. Emission Level

The following are the Guaranteed Stack Emission Compliance parameters from the supplier, in mg／Nm3, and emission rate in kg/hr for each unit and %O2 at stack condition and averaging time. S.No. Pollutants Emission Control Standards

1. Total suspended particles,

TSP less than 30 mg／Nm3(Average amount per 30 minutes) less than 10 mg/N m3 (Average amount per 24 hours)

2. Carbon monoxide CO

less than 100 mg/N m3 (Average amount per 30 minutes) less than 50 mg/N m3 (Average amount per 24 hours)

3. Nitrogen oxides NOx as NO2


4. Sulfur dioxide SO2


5. Hydrogen chloride HCl less than 10 mg/N m3 (Average amount per 24 hours) less than 60 mg/N m3 (Average amount per 30 minutes)

6. Hydrogen fluoride HF


7. VOC as Total Organic Carbon

less than 20 mg/N � (Average amount per 30 minutes) less than 10 mg/N m3 (Average amount per 24 hours)

8. Dioxin and Furan less than 0.1 ng –TEQ/N m3 (Value obtained when the concentration of O2 in the dry gas is 12%)

9. Total Metals less than 0.1 mg/N m3 10. Pb, Cd and Hg, TI

Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Thallium

less than 0.1 mg/N m3

*The performance as described above may not be achieved when not operating 24 hours continuously. Guaranteed removal efficiency for Hydrogen chloride HCℓ, in %, at stack condition Inlet Outlet

( ng /NM³ ) Removal Efficiency

(%) Double bag Filter 3,748 mgNm3

(2,300 ppm)* 10 99.7

*Actual performance till date at supplier's existing facility.

2. MEASUREMENT POINTS

Ａ・・・Outlet gas temperature of the secondary chamber Ｂ・・・Inlet gas Temperature of bag filters Ｃ・・・Emission Measurements

Induced

Draft Fan

No.1 Bug Filters

Flue Gas Cooling Chamber

Incinerator Furnace

Combustion

Device

Secondary Combustion

Chamber

Stack

Ａ

ＣＢ

No.2 Bag Filters

2. TEST RESULTS

Item: Incineration Plant with double bag filter System Guaranteed Capacity : 800 kg/hr Measured Value : 849 kg/hr

S.No

Air Pollutant

Results (mg/Nm3)

Max. Allowable Emission

Limit (mg/Nm3)

Judge

01 Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

8 (Daily average)

10 (Daily average ) 30 ( Half Hourly average)

Clear

02 Carbon monoxide (CO) 2 (Daily average) 2 (Half Hourly average)

50(Daily average ) 100( Half Hourly average)

Clear

03 Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2) 170 (Daily average) 208 (Half Hourly average)

200(Daily average ) 400 ( Half Hourly average)

Clear

04 Sulfur di Oxide (SO2) Nil (Daily average) Nil (Half Hourly average)


Clear

05 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 1.2 (Daily average)


Clear

06 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 0.13 (Daily average)


Clear

07 Total Volatile organic Compounds (as total organic carbon, TOC)

Nil (Daily average)


Clear

08 Cadmium and its Compounds (as Cd)

0.0013

0.1 (mg/Nm3)

Clear

09 Thallium and its Compounds (as Tl)

0.002

0.1 (mg/Nm3)

Clear

10 Mercury and its Compounds (as Hg)

0.001

0.1 (mg/Nm3)

Clear

11 Antimony and its Compounds (as Sb)

Arsenic and its Compounds (as As)

Chromium and its Compounds (as Cr)

Cobalt and its Compounds (as Co)

Copper and its Compounds (as Cu)

Lead and its Compounds (as Pb)

Manganese and its Compounds (as Mn)

Nickel and its Compounds (as Ni)

Tin and its Compounds (as Sn) Vanadium and its Compounds

(as V)

Total

0.02

Total

0.1 (mg/Nm3)

Clear

12 Dioxins& Furans

0.078 ng TEQ/Nm3

0.1ng TEQ/Nm3

Clear

Testing was undertaken in general accordance with the requirements of Environmental Protection Agency Methods 5; 18; 23; 26; 29; & CTM-30.

ANNEX 11

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

ANNEX 12

PICTORIALS

Sustainable Medical Waste Management in the Emirate of Dubai

Documents

Transcript of Sustainable Medical Waste Management in the Emirate of Dubai